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Background and Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) represents a significant proportion of human malignancies affecting various anatomical sites, including the lung. Understanding the prognostic factors is crucial for establishing effective risk stratification in these patients, as multiple critical aspects significantly impact overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 99 patients with operable lung SQCC treated at a tertiary center. The exclusion criteria included patients under 18, those with in situ or metastatic SQCC, and those who received neoadjuvant therapy. The surgical specimens were re-analyzed, and data were collected on multiple variables, including pTNM staging, tumor characteristics, and overall survival (OS). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to identify significant prognostic factors. Results: The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a median survival of 36 months with a 65.65% mortality rate. Significant factors influencing survival included keratinization, histological grading, tumor size and stage, pleural invasion, tumor cell arrangement, tumor budding, spread through air space (STAS), and mitotic index. A multiple Cox regression highlighted the nonkeratinizing tumors, advanced pT stages, single-cell invasion, and high mitotic index as key predictors of poorer outcomes. The nonkeratinizing tumors showed higher mortality and shorter median survival rates compared to keratinizing tumors. The tumor staging, cell arrangement, and tumor budding significantly impacted the survival curves. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of detailed histopathological evaluations in lung SQCC. The nonkeratinizing tumors, advanced pT stage, single-cell invasion, and high mitotic index were associated with higher hazard rates, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive grading system incorporating these factors to improve prognostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

aim,3,4 Ioana Munteanu,2,3,6 Cristina Popa,2,3 Mădălina Burecu,2,3 Paula Rusu,3 Andreea Cioacată,2 Ioana Mădălina Moșteanu,2,7 Antonela Dragomir1– 31Pneumology II Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2Pneumology Clinic, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 3Tuberculosis Screening Program, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 4Research Department, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 5Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; 6Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania; 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania Correspondence: Dragoș Băiceanu; Alexandru Stoichiță, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, 90 Viilor Street, Bucharest, 050159, Romania, Tel +4 0749 574 412, Email [email protected] ; [email protected] Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, requiring enhanced active case finding (ACF) through screening strategies. This study assesses the effectiveness of such an approach in locating TB cases among vulnerable groups, such as homeless persons, injecting drug users, those detained in prison, and people living in rural areas. Methods: The study focuses on socio-economic characteristics and TB detection rates across Romanian counties using modern techniques including computer-aided detection of lesions on chest X-ray and GeneXpert tests. Results: The results highlight the disproportionate burden of TB in vulnerable groups, by revealing significant differences in TB detection rates between regions. Notably, the TB detection rates among these vulnerable groups (250.85 per 100,000 population) are five times higher than the national incidence rate (46.1). Discussion: These findings underscore the imperative integration of ACF into National TB Program to provide customized and efficient solutions for diverse vulnerable groups, thereby informing crucial public health initiatives and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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