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1. The effects of psychoeducational family intervention on coping strategies of relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder: results from a controlled, real-world, multicentric study

Author

Sampogna G, Luciano M, Del Vecchio V, Malangone C, De Rosa C, Giallonardo V, Borriello G, Pocai B, Savorani M, Steardo L Jr, Lampis D, Veltro F, Bartoli F, Bardicchia F, Moroni AM, Ciampini G, Orlandi E, Ferrari S, Biondi S, Iapichino S, Pompili E, Piselli M, Tortorella A, Carrà G, and Fiorillo A

Subjects
coping strategies, family functioning, psychoeducation family intervention, bipolar disorder, social functioning, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Gaia Sampogna,1 Mario Luciano,1 Valeria Del Vecchio,1 Claudio Malangone,1,2 Corrado De Rosa,1 Vincenzo Giallonardo,1 Giuseppina Borriello,1 Benedetta Pocai,1 Micaela Savorani,1 Luca Steardo Jr,1 Debora Lampis,3 Franco Veltro,4 Francesco Bartoli,5 Francesco Bardicchia,6 Anna Maria Moroni,7 Giusy Ciampini,8 Emanuele Orlandi,9 Silvia Ferrari,10 Silvia Biondi,11 Sonia Iapichino,11,12 Enrico Pompili,13 Massimiliano Piselli,14 Alfonso Tortorella,15 Giuseppe Carrà,5,16 Andrea Fiorillo1 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, 2Mental Health Centre of Ravello, Mental Health Unit, Ravello, 3Mental Health Centre of Lanusei, Mental Health Unit, Lanusei, 4Mental Health Department of Campobasso, Campobasso, 5Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, 6Mental Health Centre of Grosseto, Mental Health Unit, Grosseto, 7Niguarda Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Milan, 8Mental Health Centre of Lanciano, Mental Health Unit, Lanciano, 9Mental Health Centre of Sassuolo, Mental Health Unit, Sassuolo, 10University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Psychiatry, Reggio Emilia, 11Mental Health Centre of Montecatini, Mental Health Unit, Montecatini, 12Auditor Psychiatrist, for the activities of Clinical Risk Management and safety of treatments, Tuscany Region, 13Mental Health Centre of Rome, Mental Health Unit, Rome, 14Mental Health Centre of Foligno, Mental Health Unit, Foligno, 15Department of Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; 16Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK Background: Psychoeducational family intervention (PFI) has been proven to be effective in improving the levels of family burden and patients’ personal functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs). Less is known about the impact of PFI on relatives’ coping strategies in BD. Methods: A multicenter, controlled, outpatient trial funded by the Italian Ministry of Health and coordinated by the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” has been conducted in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and their key relatives consecutively recruited in 11 randomly selected Italian community mental health centers. We aim to test the hypothesis that PFI improves problem-oriented coping strategies in relatives of BD-I patients compared to the Treatment As Usual (TAU) group. Results: The final sample was constituted of 123 patients and 139 relatives. At baseline assessment (T0), the vast majority of relatives already adopted problem-oriented coping strategies more frequently than the emotion-focused ones. At the end of the intervention, relatives receiving PFI reported a higher endorsement of adaptive coping strategies, such as “maintenance of social interests” (odds ratio [OR]=0.309, CI=0.04–0.57; p=0.023), “positive communication with the patient” (OR=0.295, CI=0.13–0.46; p=0.001), and “searching for information” (OR=0.443, CI=0.12–0.76; p=0.007), compared to TAU relatives, after controlling for several confounders. As regards the emotion-focused coping strategies, relatives receiving the experimental intervention less frequently reported to adopt “resignation” (OR=-0.380, CI=-0.68 to -0.08; p=0.014) and “coercion” (OR=-0.268, CI=-0.46 to -0.08; p=0.006) strategies, compared to TAU relatives. Conclusion: PFI is effective in improving the adaptive coping strategies of relatives of BD-I patients, but further studies are needed for evaluating the long-term benefits of this intervention. Keywords: coping strategies, family burden, psychoeducation family intervention, bipolar disorder, social functioning

Published
2018

2. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Bronzuoli MR, Iacomino A, Steardo L, and Scuderi C

Subjects
Neuroinflammation, Astrocyte, Microglia, Alzheimer’s disease, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Maria Rosanna Bronzuoli,1 Aniello Iacomino,2 Luca Steardo,1 Caterina Scuderi1 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Faculty of Psychology, University of Rome “G. Marconi”, Rome, Italy Abstract: Almost 47 million people suffer from dementia worldwide, with an estimated new case diagnosed every 3.2 seconds. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for approximately 60%–80% of all dementia cases. Given this evidence, it is clear dementia represents one of the greatest global public health challenges. Currently used drugs alleviate the symptoms of AD but do not treat the underlying causes of dementia. Hence, a worldwide quest is under way to find new treatments to stop, slow, or even prevent AD. Besides the classic targets of the oldest therapies, represented by cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, and tau tangles, new therapeutic approaches have other targets. One of the newest and most promising strategies is the control of reactive gliosis, a multicellular response to brain injury. This phenomenon occurs as a consequence of a persistent glial activation, which leads to cellular dysfunctions and neuroinflammation. Reactive gliosis is now considered a key abnormality in the AD brain. It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes surround both Aβ plaques and tau tangles. In this condition, glial cells lose some of their homeostatic functions and acquire a proinflammatory phenotype amplifying neuronal damage. So, molecules that are able to restore their physiological functions and control the neuroinflammatory process offer new therapeutic opportunities for this devastating disease. In this review, we describe the role of neuroinflammation in the AD pathogenesis and progression and then provide an overview of the recent research with the aim of developing new therapies to treat this disorder. Keywords: reactive gliosis, astrocyte, microglia, Alzheimer’s disease

Published
2016

3. Molecular signatures of astrocytes and microglia maladaptive responses to acute stress are rescued by a single administration of ketamine in a rodent model of PTSD

Author

Valenza, M, Facchinetti, R, Torazza, C, Ciarla, C, Bronzuoli, M, Balbi, M, Bonanno, G, Popoli, M, Steardo, L, Milanese, M, Musazzi, L, Bonifacino, T, Scuderi, C, Valenza M., Facchinetti R., Torazza C., Ciarla C., Bronzuoli M. R., Balbi M., Bonanno G., Popoli M., Steardo L., Milanese M., Musazzi L., Bonifacino T., Scuderi C., Valenza, M, Facchinetti, R, Torazza, C, Ciarla, C, Bronzuoli, M, Balbi, M, Bonanno, G, Popoli, M, Steardo, L, Milanese, M, Musazzi, L, Bonifacino, T, Scuderi, C, Valenza M., Facchinetti R., Torazza C., Ciarla C., Bronzuoli M. R., Balbi M., Bonanno G., Popoli M., Steardo L., Milanese M., Musazzi L., Bonifacino T., and Scuderi C.

Abstract

Stress affects the brain and alters its neuroarchitecture and function; these changes can be severe and lead to psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes and microglia play an essential role in the stress response by contributing to the maintenance of cerebral homeostasis. These cells respond rapidly to all stimuli that reach the brain, including stressors. Here, we used a recently validated rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder in which rats can be categorized as resilient or vulnerable after acute inescapable footshock stress. We then investigated the functional, molecular, and morphological determinants of stress resilience and vulnerability in the prefrontal cortex, focusing on glial and neuronal cells. In addition, we examined the effects of a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant recently approved for the treatment of resistant depression and proposed for other stress-related psychiatric disorders. The present results suggest a prompt glial cell response and activation of the NF-kappa B pathway after acute stress, leading to an increase in specific cytokines such as IL-18 and TNF-alpha. This response persists in vulnerable individuals and is accompanied by a significant change in the levels of critical glial proteins such as S100B, CD11b, and CX43, brain trophic factors such as BDNF and FGF2, and proteins related to dendritic arborization and synaptic architecture such as MAP2 and PSD95. Administration of ketamine 24 h after the acute stress event rescued many of the changes observed in vulnerable rats, possibly contributing to support brain homeostasis. Overall, our results suggest that pivotal events, including reactive astrogliosis, changes in brain trophic factors, and neuronal damage are critical determinants of vulnerability to acute traumatic stress and confirm the therapeutic effect of acute ketamine against the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.

Published
2024

4. Changes at glutamate tripartite synapses in the prefrontal cortex of a new animal model of resilience/vulnerability to acute stress

Author

Bonifacino, T, Mingardi, J, Facchinetti, R, Sala, N, Frumento, G, Ndoj, E, Valenza, M, Paoli, C, Ieraci, A, Torazza, C, Balbi, M, Guerinoni, M, Muhammad, N, Russo, I, Milanese, M, Scuderi, C, Barbon, A, Steardo, L, Bonanno, G, Popoli, M, Musazzi, L, Bonifacino T., Mingardi J., Facchinetti R., Sala N., Frumento G., Ndoj E., Valenza M., Paoli C., Ieraci A., Torazza C., Balbi M., Guerinoni M., Muhammad N., Russo I., Milanese M., Scuderi C., Barbon A., Steardo L., Bonanno G., Popoli M., Musazzi L., Bonifacino, T, Mingardi, J, Facchinetti, R, Sala, N, Frumento, G, Ndoj, E, Valenza, M, Paoli, C, Ieraci, A, Torazza, C, Balbi, M, Guerinoni, M, Muhammad, N, Russo, I, Milanese, M, Scuderi, C, Barbon, A, Steardo, L, Bonanno, G, Popoli, M, Musazzi, L, Bonifacino T., Mingardi J., Facchinetti R., Sala N., Frumento G., Ndoj E., Valenza M., Paoli C., Ieraci A., Torazza C., Balbi M., Guerinoni M., Muhammad N., Russo I., Milanese M., Scuderi C., Barbon A., Steardo L., Bonanno G., Popoli M., and Musazzi L.

Abstract

Stress represents a main risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Whereas it is known that even a single trauma may induce psychiatric disorders in humans, the mechanisms of vulnerability to acute stressors have been little investigated. In this study, we generated a new animal model of resilience/vulnerability to acute footshock (FS) stress in rats and analyzed early functional, molecular, and morphological determinants of stress vulnerability at tripartite glutamate synapses in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that adult male rats subjected to FS can be deemed resilient (FS-R) or vulnerable (FS-V), based on their anhedonic phenotype 24 h after stress exposure, and that these two populations are phenotypically distinguishable up to two weeks afterwards. Basal presynaptic glutamate release was increased in the PFC of FS-V rats, while depolarization-evoked glutamate release and synapsin I phosphorylation at Ser9 were increased in both FS-R and FS-V. In FS-R and FS-V rats the synaptic expression of GluN2A and apical dendritic length of prelimbic PFC layers II–III pyramidal neurons were decreased, while BDNF expression was selectively reduced in FS-V. Depolarization-evoked (carrier-mediated) glutamate release from astroglia perisynaptic processes (gliosomes) was selectively increased in the PFC of FS-V rats, while GLT1 and xCt levels were higher and GS expression reduced in purified PFC gliosomes from FS-R. Overall, we show for the first time that the application of the sucrose intake test to rats exposed to acute FS led to the generation of a novel animal model of resilience/vulnerability to acute stress, which we used to identify early determinants of maladaptive response related to behavioral vulnerability to stress.

Published
2023

5. Disorganization and real-world functioning in schizophrenia: Results from the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses

Author

Bracale, Nadja, Cardillo, Simona, Brasso, Claudio, Andriola, Ileana, Romano, Raffaella, Caforio, Grazia, Barlati, Stefano, Galluzzo, Alessandro, Deste, Giacomo, Pinna, Federica, Lostia di S. Sofia, Silvia, Lai, Alice, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Corbo, Mariangela, Baroni, Gaia, Lupi, Matteo, Altamura, Mario, La Montagna, Maddalena, Malerba, Stefania, Murri, Martino Belvederi, Corso, Alessandro, Bugliani, Michele, Pizziconi, Giulia, Rossi, Rodolfo, Serrone, Dario, Giusti, Laura, Ussorio, Donatella, Salza, Anna, Merlotti, Eleonora, Piegari, Giuseppe, Patriarca, Sara, Pietrafesa, Daria, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, Gramaglia, Carla, Gattoni, Eleonora, Marangon, Debora, Grottaroli, Marika, Pigoni, Alessandro, Grassi, Silvia, Cremonese, Carla, Meneguzzo, Paolo, Collantoni, Enrico, Tonna, Matteo, Ossola, Paolo, Gerra, Maria Lidia, Gesi, Camilla, Cremone, IvanMirko, Carpita, Barbara, Brugnoli, Roberto, Comparelli, Anna, Corigliano, Valentina, Di Fabio, Fabio, Buzzanca, Antonio, Girardi, Nicoletta, Niolu, Cinzia, Di Lorenzo, Giorgio, Ribolsi, Michele, Corrivetti, Giulio, Bartoli, Luca, Diasco, Ferdinando, Fagiolini, Andrea, Bolognesi, Simone, Goracci, Arianna, Rocca, P., Galderisi, S., Rossi, A., Bertolino, A., Rucci, P., Gibertoni, D., Montemagni, C., Bellino, S., Aguglia, E., Amore, M., Bellomo, A., Biondi, M., Carpiniello, B., Cuomo, A., D'Ambrosio, E., dell'Osso, L., Girardi, P., Marchesi, C., Monteleone, P., Montemitro, C., Oldani, L., Pacitti, F., Roncone, R., Siracusano, A., Tenconi, E., Vita, A., Zeppegno, P., Steardo, L., Jr, Vignapiano, A., and Maj, M.

Published
2018
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7. How effective are mood stabilizers in treating bipolar patients comorbid with cPTSD? Results from an observational study

Author

Anna Maria Iazzolino, Marta Valenza, Martina D’Angelo, Grazia Longobardi, Valeria Di Stefano, Steardo Luca, Caterina Scuderi, and Luca Steardo jr

Subjects
Bipolar disorder, Complex posttraumatic stress disorder, Clinical correlates, Lithium, Treatment response, Alda Scale, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Abstract Background Multiple traumatic experiences, particularly in childhood, may predict and be a risk factor for the development of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD). Unfortunately, individuals with bipolar disorder (BP) are more likely to have suffered traumatic events than the general population. Consequently, cPTSD could be comorbid with BD, and this may negatively affect psychopathological manifestations. To date, no one has explored whether such comorbidity also affects the response to treatment with mood stabilizers in BD patients. Results Here, a cross-sectional study was carried out by comparing the response to treatment, measured by the Alda scale, in a cohort of 344 patients diagnosed with BD type I and II, screened for the presence (or absence) of cPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. The main result that emerged from the present study is the poorer response to mood stabilizers in BD patients with comorbid cPTSD compared with BD patients without cPTSD. Conclusions The results collected suggest the need for an add-on therapy focused on trauma in BD patients. This could represent an area of future interest in clinical research, capable of leading to more precise and quicker diagnoses as well as suggesting better tailored and more effective treatments.

Published
2024
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9. Factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: results from an Italian nationwide study

Author

Buoli, M., Cesana, Bruno Mario, Bolognesi, S., Fagiolini, A., Albert, U., Di Salvo, G., Maina, G., de Bartolomeis, A., Pompili, Maurizio, Palumbo, C., Bondi, E., Steardo, L., De Fazio, P., Amore, Filippo, Altamura, M., Bellomo, Alberto, Bertolino, A., Di Nicola, Marco, Di Sciascio, G., Fiorillo, A., Sacchetti, E., Sani, Gabriele, Siracusano, Andrea, Di Lorenzo, G., Tortorella, Antonio, Altamura, A. C., Dell'Osso, Bernardo Maria, Cesana B. M., Pompili M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6699-7980), Amore M., Bellomo A., Di Nicola M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7457-0426), Sani G. (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Siracusano A., Tortorella A., Dell'Osso B., Buoli, M., Cesana, Bruno Mario, Bolognesi, S., Fagiolini, A., Albert, U., Di Salvo, G., Maina, G., de Bartolomeis, A., Pompili, Maurizio, Palumbo, C., Bondi, E., Steardo, L., De Fazio, P., Amore, Filippo, Altamura, M., Bellomo, Alberto, Bertolino, A., Di Nicola, Marco, Di Sciascio, G., Fiorillo, A., Sacchetti, E., Sani, Gabriele, Siracusano, Andrea, Di Lorenzo, G., Tortorella, Antonio, Altamura, A. C., Dell'Osso, Bernardo Maria, Cesana B. M., Pompili M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6699-7980), Amore M., Bellomo A., Di Nicola M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7457-0426), Sani G. (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Siracusano A., Tortorella A., and Dell'Osso B.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to detect demographic and clinical factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in Bipolar Disorder (BD). A total of 1673 bipolar patients from different psychiatric departments were compared according to the lifetime presence of suicide attempts on demographic/clinical variables. Owing to the large number of variables statistically related to the dependent variable (presence of suicide attempts) at the univariate analyses, preliminary multiple logistic regression analyses were realized. A final multivariable logistic regression was then performed, considering the presence of lifetime suicide attempts as the dependent variable and statistically significant demographic/clinical characteristics as independent variables. The final multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that an earlier age at first contact with psychiatric services (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, p < 0.01), the presence of psychotic symptoms (OR = 1.56, p < 0.01) or hospitalizations (OR = 1.73, p < 0.01) in the last year, the attribution of symptoms to a psychiatric disorder (no versus yes: OR = 0.71, partly versus yes OR = 0.60, p < 0.01), and the administration of psychoeducation in the last year (OR = 1.49, p < 0.01) were all factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in patients affected by BD. In addition, female patients resulted to have an increased association with life-long suicidal behavior compared to males (OR: 1.02, p < 0.01). Several clinical factors showed complex associations with lifetime suicide attempts in bipolar patients. These patients, therefore, require strict clinical monitoring for their predisposition to a less symptom stabilization. Future research will have to investigate the best management strategies to improve the prognosis of bipolar subjects presenting suicidal behavior.

Published
2021

22. Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1beta and iNOS expression

Author

ESPOSITO G, SCUDERI C, SAVANI C, STEARDO L. JR, COTTONE P, CUOMO V, STEARDO L., DE FILIPPIS, DANIELE, IUVONE, TERESA, Esposito, G, Scuderi, C, Savani, C, STEARDO L., Jr, DE FILIPPIS, Daniele, Cottone, P, Iuvone, Teresa, Cuomo, V, and Steardo, L.

Subjects
Interleukin-1beta, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, A beta, Nitric Oxide, Hippocampus, reactive gliosis, Mice, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, IL-1 beta, Animals, Cannabidiol, RNA, Messenger, Inflammation, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, GFAP, Research Papers, Peptide Fragments, iNOS, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Neuroprotective Agents, Gene Expression Regulation, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, cannabidiol, mice
Abstract

Pharmacological inhibition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) induced reactive gliosis may represent a novel rationale to develop drugs able to blunt neuronal damage and slow the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic natural cannabinoid, exerts in vitro a combination of neuroprotective effects in different models of Abeta neurotoxicity. The present study, performed in a mouse model of AD-related neuroinflammation, was aimed at confirming in vivo the previously reported antiinflammatory properties of CBD.Mice were inoculated with human Abeta (1-42) peptide into the right dorsal hippocampus, and treated daily with vehicle or CBD (2.5 or 10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) for 7 days. mRNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was assessed by in situ hybridization. Protein expression of GFAP, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-1beta was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. In addition, ELISA assay of IL-1beta level and the measurement of NO were performed in dissected and homogenized ipsilateral hippocampi, derived from vehicle and Abeta inoculated mice, in the absence or presence of CBD.In contrast to vehicle, CBD dose-dependently and significantly inhibited GFAP mRNA and protein expression in Abeta injected animals. Moreover, under the same experimental conditions, CBD impaired iNOS and IL-1beta protein expression, and the related NO and IL-1beta release.The results of the present study confirm in vivo anti-inflammatory actions of CBD, emphasizing the importance of this compound as a novel promising pharmacological tool capable of attenuating Abeta evoked neuroinflammatory responses.

Published
2007

24. Disorganization and real-world functioning in schizophrenia: Results from the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses

Author

Rocca, P., primary, Galderisi, S., additional, Rossi, A., additional, Bertolino, A., additional, Rucci, P., additional, Gibertoni, D., additional, Montemagni, C., additional, Bellino, S., additional, Aguglia, E., additional, Amore, M., additional, Bellomo, A., additional, Biondi, M., additional, Carpiniello, B., additional, Cuomo, A., additional, D'Ambrosio, E., additional, dell'Osso, L., additional, Girardi, P., additional, Marchesi, C., additional, Monteleone, P., additional, Montemitro, C., additional, Oldani, L., additional, Pacitti, F., additional, Roncone, R., additional, Siracusano, A., additional, Tenconi, E., additional, Vita, A., additional, Zeppegno, P., additional, Steardo, L., additional, Vignapiano, A., additional, Maj, M., additional, Bracale, Nadja, additional, Cardillo, Simona, additional, Brasso, Claudio, additional, Andriola, Ileana, additional, Romano, Raffaella, additional, Caforio, Grazia, additional, Barlati, Stefano, additional, Galluzzo, Alessandro, additional, Deste, Giacomo, additional, Pinna, Federica, additional, Lostia di S. Sofia, Silvia, additional, Lai, Alice, additional, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, additional, Corbo, Mariangela, additional, Baroni, Gaia, additional, Lupi, Matteo, additional, Altamura, Mario, additional, La Montagna, Maddalena, additional, Malerba, Stefania, additional, Murri, Martino Belvederi, additional, Corso, Alessandro, additional, Bugliani, Michele, additional, Pizziconi, Giulia, additional, Rossi, Rodolfo, additional, Serrone, Dario, additional, Giusti, Laura, additional, Ussorio, Donatella, additional, Salza, Anna, additional, Merlotti, Eleonora, additional, Piegari, Giuseppe, additional, Patriarca, Sara, additional, Pietrafesa, Daria, additional, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, additional, Gramaglia, Carla, additional, Gattoni, Eleonora, additional, Marangon, Debora, additional, Grottaroli, Marika, additional, Pigoni, Alessandro, additional, Grassi, Silvia, additional, Cremonese, Carla, additional, Meneguzzo, Paolo, additional, Collantoni, Enrico, additional, Tonna, Matteo, additional, Ossola, Paolo, additional, Gerra, Maria Lidia, additional, Gesi, Camilla, additional, Cremone, IvanMirko, additional, Carpita, Barbara, additional, Brugnoli, Roberto, additional, Comparelli, Anna, additional, Corigliano, Valentina, additional, Di Fabio, Fabio, additional, Buzzanca, Antonio, additional, Girardi, Nicoletta, additional, Niolu, Cinzia, additional, Di Lorenzo, Giorgio, additional, Ribolsi, Michele, additional, Corrivetti, Giulio, additional, Bartoli, Luca, additional, Diasco, Ferdinando, additional, Fagiolini, Andrea, additional, Bolognesi, Simone, additional, and Goracci, Arianna, additional

Published
2018
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25. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Its Pharmacological Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases: Complex and Critical Issues

Author

Borghi, C, Rossi, F, Rosei, E, De Luca, N, Desideri, G, Mancia, G, Pauletto, P, Parati, G, Pontremoli, R, Schillaci, G, Stornello, M, Tocci, G, Veglio, F, Virdis, A, Volpe, M, Canonico, P, Cirino, G, Cuzzocrea, S, Danesi, R, Di Luca, M, Forti, G, Genazzani, A, Leproux, G, Steardo, L, Steardo, L., MANCIA, GIUSEPPE, PARATI, GIANFRANCO, Borghi, C, Rossi, F, Rosei, E, De Luca, N, Desideri, G, Mancia, G, Pauletto, P, Parati, G, Pontremoli, R, Schillaci, G, Stornello, M, Tocci, G, Veglio, F, Virdis, A, Volpe, M, Canonico, P, Cirino, G, Cuzzocrea, S, Danesi, R, Di Luca, M, Forti, G, Genazzani, A, Leproux, G, Steardo, L, Steardo, L., MANCIA, GIUSEPPE, and PARATI, GIANFRANCO

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the major risk factor able to promote development and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, including left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure. Also, it is one of the major driven of high cardiovascular risk profile in patients with metabolic complications, including obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, as well as in those with renal disease. Thus, effective control of hypertension is a key factor for any preventing strategy aimed at reducing the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases in the clinical practice. Among various regulatory and contra-regulatory systems involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role. However, despite the identification of renin and the availability of various assays for measuring its plasma activity, the specific pathophysiological role of RAS has not yet fully characterized. In the last years, however, several notions on the RAS have been improved by the results of large, randomized clinical trials, performed in different clinical settings and in different populations treated with RAS inhibiting drugs, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and antagonists of the AT1 receptor for angiotensin II (ARBs). These findings suggest that the RAS should be considered to have a central role in the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases, for both therapeutic and preventive purposes, without having to measure its level of activation in each patient. The present document will discuss the most critical issues of the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases with a specific focus on RAS blocking agents, including ACE inhibitors and ARBs, in the light of the most recent evidence supporting the use of these drugs in the clinical management of hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.

Published
2015

27. Mito e scienza e Saggio di una dottrina razionale del progresso

Author

CANADELLI, ELENA, Steardo, L., Canadelli, E, Steardo, L, CANADELLI, ELENA, Steardo, L., Canadelli, E, and Steardo, L

Abstract

Il volume ristampa due lavori dell'antropologo evoluzionista Tito Vignoli: Mito e scienza, del 1879, e Saggio di una dottrina razionale del progesso, del 1863.

Published
2010

29. The Importance of the Enteric Glia and its Related ProductS100b Protein in Gut Inflammation

Author

Cirillo C, Capoccia E, Scuderi C, Steardo L, Esposito G., SARNELLI, GIOVANNI, CUOMO, ROSARIO, Cirillo, C, Capoccia, E, Sarnelli, Giovanni, Scuderi, C, Cuomo, Rosario, Steardo, L, and Esposito, G.

Subjects
S100 Beta protein, Gut inflammation, Enteric Glial Cells
Abstract

The urgent need of new pharmacological approaches that may enlarge the tools against inflammatory bowel diseases, lowering side effects and costs of the actually-used drugs is a very important challenge for gastroenterologists and pharmacologists. This short communication is aimed to highlight the importance of enteric glia and its derived signaling molecule S100B in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation occurring in the gut. Once hyper-secreted, S100B, a small signaling diffusible Ca2+/Zn2+-binding protein, orchestrates a massive pro-inflammatory reaction in the gut, through the paracrine induction of nitric oxide and the recruitment of immune cells in the mucosa. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which enteric glia may trigger and perpetuate gut inflammation may address scientists to selectively target this cell population and decrease S100B overproduction may thus represent a significant innovation in this sense and open the field to novel therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Published
2012

30. Abnormal diurnal patterns of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol secretion in acute patients with anorexia nervosa

Author

Monteleone P, Scognamiglio P, Monteleone AM, Mastromo D, Steardo L. J.r., SERINO, Ismene, MAJ, Mario, Monteleone, P, Scognamiglio, P, Monteleone, Am, Mastromo, D, Steardo, L. J. r., Serino, Ismene, and Maj, Mario

Abstract

"OBJECTIVES: The evidence that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is decreased in acute anorexia nervosa (AN) is not consistent. Therefore, we aimed to assess the SNS basal activity in malnourished AN patients through the measurement of diurnal salivary levels of α-amylase, whose secretion is regulated by the SNS. As secondary aim, we measured also salivary cortisol.. . METHODS: Eight symptomatic female patients with restrictive AN and eight age-matched healthy women underwent saliva sample collection at awakening and over the day. α-amylase and cortisol were assayed by ELISA method.. . RESULTS: In both patients and controls, saliva α-amylase levels significantly decreased during 60 min after awakening and then progressively rose towards the afternoon\/evening. AN patients exhibited significantly reduced levels of the salivary enzyme with a significant decrease in its overall diurnal secretion and a dysregulated secretory pattern. As compared to control women, AN patients exhibited significantly enhanced levels of salivary cortisol at awakening, an enhanced and advanced cortisol secretion after awakening but no significant change in the overall diurnal secretion of the salivary hormone.. . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the activity of the SNS, evaluated through the assessment of the diurnal secretion of salivary α-amylase, is impaired in the acute phase of AN whereas the cortisol awakening response is enhanced."

Published
2011

32. Serotonergic modulation of rat pineal gland activity: in vivo evidence for a 5-Hydroxytryptamine(2C) receptor involvement

Author

Steardo, L., Monteleone, P., Trabace, L., Carla CANNIZZARO, Maj, M., Cuomo, V., Steardo, L, Monteleone, P, Trabace, L, Cannizzaro, C, Maj, Mario, Cuomo, V., STEARDO, L, MONTELEONE, P, TRABACE, L, CANNIZZARO, C, MAJ, M, and CUOMO, V

Subjects
Male, Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase, pineal gland, Amphetamines, Isoproterenol, Piperazines, serotoninergic modulation, 5-hydroxytryptamine, Rats, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Settore BIO/14 - Farmacologia, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Melatonin
Abstract

There are some suggestions that, in the pineal gland, serotonin acts not only as a precursor of melatonin but also plays a role in the modulation of the pineal biosynthetic activity. To corroborate this possible neuromodulatory role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT) on the pineal gland, the effects of two 5-HT(2) receptor agonists meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) and 1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane were assessed in vivo on pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content in rats. m-CPP potentiated the enhancement of NAT activity and pineal melatonin content induced by isoproterenol administration during daytime, whereas it did not affect the diurnal basal biosynthetic activity of the gland. At night, m-CPP and 1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane enhanced significantly the physiological increases in both pineal NAT activity and melatonin content. This enhancement was prevented by pretreatment with N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl) urea hydrochloride, an antagonist with higher affinity for 5-HT(2B/C) than for 5-HT(2A) receptor, as well as by pretreatment with 8-[5-(2, 4-dimethoxy-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylsulphonamido)-phenyl-5-o xopent hyl]-1,3,8-triazospiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione, the most specific 5-HT(2C) receptor now available, but not by pretreatment with ketanserin, an antagonist with higher affinity for 5-HT(2A) than for 5-HT(2C) receptor. These results suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptors are likely involved in the mediation of the serotonergic modulation of pineal biosynthetic activity in rats.

Published
2000

35. Palmitoylethanolamide regulates production of pro-angiogenic mediators in a model of β amyloid-induced astrogliosis in vitro

Author

Cipriano, M., Esposito, G., Negro, L., Capoccia, E., Sarnelli, G., Caterina Scuderi, Filippis, D., Steardo, L., Iuvone, T., Cipriano, Mariateresa, Esposito, Giueseppe, Negro, Luana, Capoccia, Elena, Sarnelli, Giovanni, Scuderi, Caterina, Filippis, Daniele, Steardo, Luca, and Iuvone, Teresa

Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Palmitic Acids, S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit, Nitric Oxide, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, angiogenesis, Adenosine Triphosphate, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, PPAR alpha, Gliosis, Oxazoles, palmitoylethanolamide, Angiogenesis, astrogliosis, palmitoylethanolamide, Alzheimer, Cell Proliferation, astrogliosis, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Amides, Peptide Fragments, Rats, Neuroprotective Agents, Ethanolamines, Astrocytes, Tyrosine
Abstract

Aβ-induced astrogliosis can worsen the eziopathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by the release of proinflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators. Activated glial cells may release also pro-angiogenic molecules. The role of angiogenesis in AD is still controversial: although angiogenesis brings oxygen and nutrients to injured tissue, it may also exacerbate reactive gliosis. Moreover, by altering blood-brain barrier permeability pro-angiogenic mediators promote passage of inflammatory/immune-competent cells into the brain, thereby exacerbating gliosis. The release of proangiogenic factors during astrogliosis may thus be a key-step in controlling AD progression. The endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), is a pleiotropic mediator exerting anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antiangiogenic effects in several in vitro and in vivo models of chronic-degenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEA in AD angiogenesis and neuroinflammation by using conditioned medium from untreated and Aβ-treated C6 rat astroglioma cells and HUVEC human endothelial cells. PEA (10-8-10-6 M) concentration-dependently reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic markers in Aβ (1 μg/mL)-stimulated C6 cells. Moreover, culture medium from PEA-treated C6 cells reduced HUVEC cell proliferation as compared to cells treated with conditioned medium from Aβ-treated C6 cells. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that PEA treatment inhibited nuclear levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (the main pro-angiogenic pathway) and cytoplasmic vascular endothelial growth factor in HUVEC cells receiving C6 conditioned medium. Finally, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha inhibitor GW6471, added to Aβ-treated C6 cells blocked all PEA effects in this model, suggesting that PEA acts through a proliferator-activated receptor alpha-dependent mechanism on astroglial cells. Collectively, these data support the potential therapeutic utility of PEA in AD. - See more at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/129596/article#sthash.B3IYn77B.dpuf

Published
2015

36. Cycloid Psychotic Disorder: Validation of the Concept by Means of a Follow-Up and a Family Study

Author

MAJ, Mario, STEARDO L, TANZILLO C, MAJ M., Maj, Mario, Steardo, L, Tanzillo, C, and Maj, M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Risk Factors, Cycloid, Schizophrenic Psychology, medicine, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, Psychiatry, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depressive Disorder, Follow up studies, medicine.disease, Cycloid psychosis, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Psychiatric status rating scales, Female, Psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Clinical psychology
Abstract

A 3-year prospective follow-up investigation and a family study were carried out in patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for cycloid psychotic disorder proposed by Perris and Brockington in 1981. The results show that cycloid psychosis differs in several respects from schizoaffective disorders as defined by current diagnostic criteria used in the United States. Furthermore, they seem to suggest that most cases of cycloid psychosis are not variants of either schizophrenia or major affective disorders.

Published
1990
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37. Clinical Prediction of Response to Lithium Prophylaxis in Bipolar Patients: The Importance of the Previous Pattern of Course of the Illness

Author

MAJ, Mario, STEARDO L, TANZILLO C, MAJ M., Maj, Mario, Steardo, L, Tanzillo, C, and Maj, M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Psychosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Lithium (medication), medicine.medical_treatment, Treatment outcome, Lithium, behavioral disciplines and activities, Disease course, Pharmacotherapy, Lithium Carbonate, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Bipolar disorder, Antipsychotic, Psychiatry, Aged, Sequence (medicine), Pharmacology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, medicine.drug
Abstract

The response to lithium prophylaxis was evaluated in a sample of bipolar patients subdivided into groups, according to the previous pattern of course for their illness: MDI (sequence mania-depression-free interval), DMI (sequence depression-mania-free interval), CC-LC (continuous circular course with long cycles), CC-RC (continuous circular course with rapid cycles), IRR (irregular course). The percentage of responders to treatment was significantly different among the five groups, and the difference could be ascribed mainly to the high response rate in the MDI group and the low response rate in the DMI and CC-RC groups. These data suggest that the classification of bipolar patients on the basis of the previous pattern of their course of illness may be useful for predicting lithium response.

Published
1990
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47. How could retinoids fit into Alzheimer's therapy?

Author

Steardo, L., Signorile, A., Scuderi, Caterina, and Carratù, M. R.

Subjects
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid cascade, cerebral microvessels, cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, retinoids, therapeutic strategy, pharmacology, pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
2016
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