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Number of people currently suffering from celiac disease is on the rise. The primary goal of this study is to statistically determine the correlation between celiac disease and the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, psoriasis, etc.) in the representative sample that was included in this study. The research was conducted by the Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition at the University of Tetovo, VT Diet Club - Bitola, and the Association of Celiacs - Gevgelija. The research was conducted in the period from 01 April 2023 until 30 April 2023 by using an online questionnaire. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 110 subjects suffering from celiac disease aged 3 to 68 years - 90 women and 20 men. Data on minors who were included in this study were obtained from their parents - guardians. As a statistical method of work student's t-test is used to test the significance of the difference between two proportions and to determine whether there is an association between celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases from which the subjects suffer. The results indicate that 64.5% of the respondents suffer only from celiac disease, while 35.5% of the respondents suffer from some other autoimmune disease in addition to celiac disease. Since the obtained value for t = 3.05 is greater than the table value t = 1.982 for n = 108, and p < 0.05, it is concluded that the difference between the proportions in the two groups is significant. In this case, the working, i.e. alternative hypothesis is accepted that the celiac disease from which the subjects suffer and the intake of gluten are one of the main reasons that led to the appearance of other autoimmune diseases in the subjects. From this study it can be concluded that celiac disease is a risk factor for the occurrence of a large number of other autoimmune diseases, so celiac disease is a very important disease to be promptly diagnosed and timely start with the application of gluten-free diet in order to improve the health condition of patients and to prevents the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Islamic education is a process to provide and gain knowledge that occurs between students and educators to carry out the learning process in an Islamic perspective, explained how the concept of instilling character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents. It can be seen that the character of today's students has not developed well. Here the role of educators and parents is to apply good habituation so that it has a good impact on students. Purpose. From This study aims to determine the character and habituation of a student and improve the student to have good morals. Method. This research uses quantitative methods with field survey models. Then researchers also conducted in-depth interviews with teachers and students directly. Results The results of this study explain that the role of instilling student character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents is very important in today's education. Conclusion. Conclusion There are many models of habituation models in effective and creative ways to improve the character of a student. The limitations of this study researchers have not found many ways to instill good character so that it is quickly accepted by students, researchers hope that the next researcher can instill good character and easily accepted by students, so that students can improve maximum learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the methods of comprehensive statistical research, case study and content analysis, the current article tries to summarize the information from guest reviews available in the platform “Booking” for destination Plovdiv, to compare the data for the different types of accommodation, to prepare specific user profiles for the destination as well as for the typical Plovdiv accommodation facilities – hotels, guest houses, apartments and hostels according to their customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underground economy, which includes unlawful activities such as fraud, illegal labour, and crime, has received much attention because of its economic and social growth consequences. This article will analyze the underground economy's components, size, causes, and impacts. The study employs comprehensive econometrics, statistical research, quantitative approaches, and real-world data from numerous countries. This study offers insight into the scale of the underground economy and its impact on society by examining descriptive statistics and doing cross-sectional studies. The underground economy is a vast and complex system encompassing various activities, from tax evasion and benefit fraud to counterfeiting and financial scams. It is estimated that the underground economy accounts for up to 30% of global GDP and can significantly impact economic growth, tax revenue, and public safety. The subsequent chapter examines the components of the underground economy, including fraudulent activities, counterfeit goods, and financial scams. It also discusses the challenges of detecting and preventing underground economic activity and the potential consequences of the underground economy for society. The paper calls for a more comprehensive approach to combating the underground economy, including measures to strengthen law enforcement, improve financial regulations, and educate the public about the risks of underground economic activity. This study investigated the relationship between the size of the population and the size of the underground economy in OECD countries. A quantitative research approach was used, and data were collected from secondary sources. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and EXCEL. The results showed a positive, linear relationship between the population and the underground economy. A stratified sampling method to collect data from OECD countries was used, where the data sources included government reports, tax records, academic research, and international databases. The data was analyzed using a simple linear regression model. The study concluded that there is enough evidence at a 95% confidence interval to suggest that the size of a country's population is directly proportional to the size of its underground economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a new statistical methodology to identify kaige revision within the Septuagint. The method establishes the most accurate criteria for identifying this revision through searching the undisputed kaige texts. These criteria include existing suggestions and several new ones. The result leads to a more secure grasp of kaige revision and the ability to confidently detect kaige readings in manuscripts and quotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that Statistics is a very old science and was devised because of the need for it in dealing with a variety of issues related to life. It has developed and continues to develop steadily within itself whilst concomitantly developing other sciences . Most of the governments in the world are establishing different statistical centers/organizations in order to collect data in an efficient manner for preparing development plans for the different sectors of their countries. These development plans require accurate information so that decisions can be based upon the reliable data acquired. Research is one of the most effective and indeed essential tools utilized in higher education. The minimization of research misconduct, the reinforcement of the validity of the methodology, the achievement of trust in the findings, constitutes a trio of standards required of each and every researcher to adhere to as they constitute the recognized research ethics and research integrity as a means of ensuring that the science of Statistics may be recognized as a valid element in providing the realization of dealing effectively with the issues related to life This paper includes a quick glance at the history of Statistics, and the role of Statistics in higher education as related to institutions, students and academic staff; and we will notice how the majority of basic and traditional works of higher education depend mainly on Statistics. The role of Statistics in data analysis, data science era, research, internal and external auditing of HEIs, the conclusions and the research directions are also discussed. This paper shows that the role of statistics in higher education is not only important but also comprehensive and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blended Learning Indonesian based on Merdeka-Belajar Kampus Merdeka-(MBKM) and Creative Economy at the Faculty of Economics, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang needs special attention. This is motivated by post-covid conditions—requiring student adaptation-- to an effective face-to-face learning situation. More than that, the advantages of blended learning are the latest effective learning solutions. This study aims to explain the implementation of lectures and evaluate Blended Learning Indonesian at the Faculty of Economics—majoring in Accounting and Management, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang. Blended Learning Indonesian be carried out through the stages of MBKM -- planning, implementing, and evaluating learning -- with creative economy content. These three stages are carried out to obtain maximum learning results. The subjects of the study were 254 fifth-semester Management students and first-semester Accounting students who were taking Indonesian courses. This study is descriptive statistical research. Data collection is carried out by filling in instruments using Google Forms. Data processing is carried out by comparing the percentage of the tendency of each student's answer. The results showed that Blended Learning Indonesian based on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka and Creative Economy at the Faculty of Economics, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang was implemented effectively. In the future, blended learning in Indonesian be an effective solution and a new breakthrough in independent learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics is a transversal matter in a wide range of knowledge areas. Although statistics is critically important for college students, most of them struggle when studying. Negative attitudes towards statistics can explain the weak academic performance that has been historically observed in college students. A non-probabilistic sample of 384 undergraduate students from a Spanish private university (Región de Murcia) recruited by a convenience sampling answered the Attitudes towards Statistics (Auzmendi, 1992) scale twice (at the beginning and at the end of the course). Two models were analyzed by using parallel analysis and confirmatory factorial analyses, the original version and a short version including only 15 items. The short version scores correlated positively and significantly with students grades in the mid-term and at the end of the course on data analysis. The short version showed acceptable reliability (in terms of internal consistency and temporal stability) and factorial structure. As a result, the short version is considered more parsimonious than the original version and optimal to use in educative context and for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, a statistical research methodology was used for a composite material consisting of a matrix of "unsaturated polyester" with different weight percentages reinforced with glass fibers with different weight percentages as well, in addition to sawdust with the following percentages 0%, 01%, 05%, 10% and this is in order to Knowing the weight ratio range for each of: Matrix / Reinforcement Material / Additive (Unsaturated Polyester / Glass Fiber / Sawdust - Po / gf / sd) to obtain a composite material with high mechanical properties - resistance to tensile forces. By analyzing the results of tensile tests to select the ideal test samples, we conclude that the recommended mass field or peak field is best for obtaining a composite material with high properties - resistance to tensile forces - consisting of an unsaturated polyester matrix reinforced with 300 g/m2 glass fibers added to sawdust as follows: The mass of unsaturated polyester - from 65% to 75% and from 20% to 30% of the mass of fiberglass contains the mass of the additive - sawdust in the amount of 1% to 10%, and this is in relation to the total mass of the sample of the composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical distributions of exoplanets obtained by both ground-based and satellite telescopes are heavily distorted by observational selection. It is easier to detect massive planets orbiting close to the star, rather than planets of small masses and planets with large orbital periods. Low-mass planets with orbital periods of about a year or more, falling in the habitable zone of sun-like stars, cannot be detected by modern means. To account for this factor, we proposed and investigated the method of correcting the observational selection. It has been shown that the corrected mass distributions of exoplanets are well described by a piecewise power law. The result is in agreement with the conclusions of cosmogony and demonstrates a number of new features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This research is aimed at substantiation and development of the correct for practical use model of service life exhaustion of brake pads of freight cars based on mass inspections of their wear using the elements of the statistical conclusions’ theory. Methodology. Production research conducted in several stages, allowed identifying and accumulating sufficient statistics on the malfunctions, failures or defects of the elements of the brake rigging. Statistics on determining the service life of composite brake pads before their complete failure were carried out for a typical and modernized design of the brake rigging of freight cars. The well-known provisions of the theory of statistical conclusions, which are applied to technical brake systems of units and elements of freight cars, were used as research methods. Findings. Empirical characteristics are obtained as a result of current inspections of wear of composite brake pads of brake rigging. This made it possible to achieve more reliable results from the law of random variables distribution concerning the wear of composite brake pads – to limit the service life of pads on the run under conditions of their safe operation. The proposed model of the density distribution function of random variables for composite brake pads allows high accuracy estimating such an important characteristic as the resource threshold. This make it possible to predict the brake pads performance and determine the efficiency of brake rigging of freight car bogies. Originality. For the first time, a correct statistical wear model of composite brake pads of freight cars has been proposed. Based on the developed model the occurrence chronology of clinodual wear of composite brake pads and its influence on a resource of their work in operating conditions is investigated. Field research on experimental bogies of freight cars confirmed that the service life of composite pads has increased by an average of 19% for upgraded brake rigging compared to typical ones. Practical value. The obtained positive results will be taken into account in the future to solve problematic technical issues related to non-standard wear of composite brake pads in the freight cars’ bogies of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC, which will allow extending the interrepair periods.

The publication of user data for statistical analysis and research can be extremely beneficial for both academic and commercial uses, such as statistical research and recommendation systems. To maintain user privacy when such a publication occurs many databases employ anonymization techniques, either on the query results or the data itself. In this article, we examine and analyze the privacy offered when using the query-setsize control method for aggregate queries over a data structures representing various topologies. We focus on the mathematical queries of minimum, maximum, median, and average and show some query types that may be used to extract hidden information. We prove some combinations of these queries will maintain a measurable level of privacy even when using multiple queries. We offer a privacy probability measure, indicating the probability of an attacker to obtain information defined as sensitive by utilizing legitimate queries over such a system. Our results are mathematically proven and backed by simulations using vehicular network data based on the TAPASCologne project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Swiss Political Science Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic has led to many problems related to the optimal management of the teaching act. The topic „Adapting Dâmboviţa educational services to the needs of students in the context of the coronavirus pandemic” is topical and has created many debates and suspicions among the population, especially among those directly involved in education. During the school year 2019-2020, a difficult year, in the field of education there were numerous dysfunctions in the provision of quality educational services online. The study details the measures applied by C.S.I. Dâmbovița in adapting educational services to the needs of student [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES: Comprehending the avalanche of statistical research on COVID-19 [coronavirus] is laborious. Predictions, forecasts, and diagnostic algorithms are important for planning, allocation, and meeting the needs of the increasing population disease burden. Statisticians must be aware of spreadsheets, databases, and calculation methodology to produce valid estimates. Policymakers, government officials, and planners interpret results and read reports without knowing calculation intricacies. Health care workers must be aware of scientific websites whilst they are under increasing stress due to aging populations and improved technology. It is important that context-specific information is sought, read, and understood. METHODS: A literature review was undertaken to find context-specific statistical research information on COVID-19. The author performed a Pubmed search, a search utilising the coronavirus MeSH terms (Medical Subject Headings), adding the additional MeSH terms of Australia AND policy, and then another search with media as a text word. RESULTS: The Pubmed search, utilising the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) on coronavirus, adding the MeSH terms [Australia AND Policy] resulted in 52 records being retrieved. The Australian Government Department of Health website dedicated link listing coronavirus (COVID-19) news reports, statements, and media releases included 347 departmental media retrievals. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed itself as the most critical health issue of the 21st century. It is important to understand the quality evidence-based information within the context, specific to the reason for seeking information so that well-informed decisions are made that relate to preventative actions, early detection, and treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study aims to use linear models to determine the wear of brake pads of freight cars at the top and bottom for further use in solving similar practical problems. Methodology. As a working technique the known approach for controlling linear wear changes of pad parameters depending on freight cars run on a network of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC with the modernized brake levers in real operating conditions is used. Based on the obtained statistical data in the operating conditions, we the consistently found values of the corresponding regression analysis indicators for pad wear at specific points, which are recommended by regulatory documents when performing maintenance in operational units of car facilities for brake systems of freight cars. Findings. A probabilistic-statistical model of brake pad wear is constructed on the basis of experimental data collected in the respective parks of the sorting station during the operation of freight cars. The function of wear distribution for the top and bottom part of a pad by means of which the decision of practical problems is possible is offered. Also for different parts of the brake pad found its γ-percentage and average residual wear. Originality. For the first time for the brake pads of freight cars with modernized devices, the functional dependence of their wear depending on the run of cars on the network of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC was determined. Based on the received dependence the statistical model of pad wear taking into account possibilities of their use before full resource exhaustion is developed. The function of distribution of run of freight cars taking into account pad wear due to which the wear percent at the set run is also defined. Practical value. The results obtained in the work will be taken into account in the future to solve technical problems related to non-standard wear of pads in the brake systems of bogies and increase the service life of freight cars.

Finding new families of distributions has become a popular tool in statistical research. In this article, we introduce a new flexible four-parameter discrete model based on the Marshall-Olkin approach, namely, the discrete Kumaraswamy Marshall-Olkin exponential distribution. The proposed distribution can be viewed as another generalization of the geometric distribution and enfolds some important distributions as special cases. Some properties of the new distribution are derived. The model parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method, with validation through a complete simulation study. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated via counttype real data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the patient clinics by studying Variant of Concern (VOC) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on conventional PCR-positive samples in a training and research hospital COVID test center in Istanbul. METHODS: The study is a descriptive type and VOC PCR from all samples (from a total of 1300 samples) which detected positive by conventional PCR in a training and research hospital COVID test center between February 2 and 9, 2021. The United Kingdom mutation (VOC 202012/01, B.1.1.7) has been studied. Clinics parameters of the patients were evaluated from Public Health Management System (HSYS) records. The statistical significance was taken as p<0.05 in the analysis. RESULTS: Within the scope of the research, 1300 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients were evaluated. VOC mutation was positive in 26.1% of all patients (339 persons), and 5.8% of patients (75 persons) were hospitalized. While 3.2% (11 persons) of those with VOC positivity were hospitalized, 6.7% (64 persons) of VOC negatives were hospitalized (p=0.020). About 18.2% of hospitalized VOC positives (two persons) and 23.4% of VOC negatives (15 persons) are in intensive care. CONCLUSION: When VOC mutation was examined in all admitted and hospitalized patients, it was detected that VOC mutation was less frequent in hospitalized patients. No relationship between hospitalization and intensive care stay and VOC mutation was detected. It is recommended to determine with studies the contagiousness of patients with VOC mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at analyzing the state of insurance activity of Ukraine, identifying problems and finding ways to eliminate them by means of statistical research (analysis of the structure and dynamics of the insurance market; determination of seasonal fluctuations; computation of the forecast for 2020-2021) and elaborating recommendations for improvement of insurance activity in Ukraine. The relevance of this topic lies in the importance of the insurance market for the security and development of the country’s economy at all its levels. An important issue in this aspect is ensuring an efficient interaction between the political, social, economic and international spheres. Economically, insurance activity ensures the demand of people in protection by providing an insurance service (certificate of insurance). Insurance takes effect in the form of conditions and types that subjects must choose and perform. The overall meaning of the insurance market is to meet the needs of insurance protection. The article is concerned with researching the nature, position and level of development of insurance activity in Ukraine. An analysis of insurance market indicators is carried out and a forecast is made in order to allocate the prospects and problems of development of this sphere of activity in Ukraine. Insurance is a means of security provision and is used in all spheres and links of life: the State, population, business, etc. The possibility of insurance allowed to create preconditions for reducing the negative impact of certain contingencies, starting with a natural disaster and up to insurance of financial transactions. The main problem of insurance in Ukraine is its insufficient development, which interferes with its participation in the improvement of the economic state of the country.

Social media is gaining widespread popularity in the context of the rapid development of innovative technologies. Today, many business organizations use social media to communicate with their users. Social media helps business organizations improve their brands and stay where the user is – on the social networks. The article is aimed at theoretical substantiation of the content of the concept of «social media», disclosing their essence and functions, defining the theoretical basis for a statistical study of them in order to ensure possible further use for business development. To achieve the aim, various sources of information were analyzed and the history of social media development was considered. It is defined that social media depends on the use of Internet or Internet technologies. The article allocates the main components of social media, i.e., web forums, podcasts, blogs and micro-blogs, social networks, and provides the respective definitions. The main functional features of social media are considered, which are: identification, presence, conversations, relationships, groups, reputation and exchange. Since a significant proportion of the time spent by users on the Internet constitutes the time spent on social networks, the author defines the social networks that are most popular in Ukraine. On the example of the social network Facebook, which became the leader of the ranking, the main marketing functions offered by means of social media were researched. Among the main functions are: live video, «Sell something» function, survey creation, and publication planning. The analytics on the use of video advertising on the pages of the social network Facebook is considered. It is defined that the main advertisers in Ukraine, using this social network to display video ads, are on-line stores such as Rozetka, Allo and Fotos.

Hundreds of papers and factors attempt to explain the cross-section of expected returns. Given this extensive data mining, it does not make sense to use the usual criteria for establishing significance. Which hurdle should be used for current research? Our paper introduces a new multiple testing framework and provides historical cutoffs from the first empirical tests in 1967 to today. A new factor needs to clear a much higher hurdle, with a t-statistic greater than 3.0. We argue that most claimed research findings in financial economics are likely false. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract–The area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve is a primary statistical outcome for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (DTA). However, its confidence interval has not been reported in most of DTA meta-analyses, because no certain methods and statistical packages have been provided. In this article, we provide a bootstrap algorithm for computing the confidence interval of the AUC. Also, using the bootstrap framework, we can conduct a bootstrap test for assessing significance of the difference of AUCs for two diagnostic tests. In addition, we provide an influence diagnostic method based on the AUC by leave-one-study-out analyses. We present illustrative examples using two DTA met-analyses for diagnostic tests of cervical cancer and asthma. We also developed an easy-to-handle R package dmetatools for these computations. The various quantitative evidence provided by these methods certainly supports the interpretations and precise evaluations of statistical evidence of DTA meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study statistical risk minimization problems under a privacy model in which the data is kept confidential even from the learner. In this local privacy framework, we establish sharp upper and lower bounds on the convergence rates of statistical estimation procedures. As a consequence, we exhibit a precise tradeoff between the amount of privacy the data preserves and the utility, as measured by convergence rate, of any statistical estimator or learning procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article’s study are the statistics on the volume of sales of four hundred leading Russian companies, consolidated by media holding «Expert», on the eve of the adoption of the order of the Russian Federation Government (July 28, 2017 № 1632-p) on the approval of the national program «Digital economy of the Russian Federation». The main program’s objective is the process transformation of real export-oriented Russia economy into a digital economy. The transformation process implies gross domestic product should be generated by the production of mainly «virtual» goods. Thus, the economy digitalization implies the reorientation the productive forces of society from the production and transformation of material objects to the production and transformation of numerical arrays sphere that are stored, processed and transmitted through modern IT-infrastructure. The extent to which the economy and industry of the Russian Federation are ready for such a transformation, the state of social and productive forces to support the process of the real export-oriented economy of Russia transformation into a digital one, can be indirectly estimated by the sales volume of leading Russian companies. It is assumed that the higher the share of IT-oriented industries and companies in the total volume of leading domestic companies, the higher the degree of transformation of resource-oriented and material-intensive economy into digital economy. If we assume that banking services constitute the main part of the modern digital economy along with IT companies and mobile data transmission companies, their share in comparison with the resource companies of the top ten leading Russian companies will be more than a third percents of the sales volume. That situation makes it possible to talk about a confident process of digital transformation of the Russian economy.

In the last decades the effect of nonresponse and coverage bias in surveys have questioned the ability of inferring the results to the population. An extended procedure used to correct nonresponse and coverage problems is the use of weights to balance the sample of respondents. However auxiliary information available for respondents and nonrespondents is required to compute weights. In this paper statistical simulations are used to test the potential of aggregate data to correct nonresponse bias. This research compares individual data adjustments to the use of auxiliary aggregate data. The results show the use of aggregate data can improve survey representativity if three requirements are met: 1) the dependent variable is grouped, 2) the dependent and auxiliary variables are correlated and 3) the auxiliary variable is correlated with response propensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its application has become a popular topic of discussion, especially within the last decade, with its being seen with both enthusiasm for the opportunities it rings, and fear of its potential. The current paper aims to investigate the European Union (EU) regulatory framework proposal on Artificial Intelligence, and its impact on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). Within the paper, the regulatory goals and recommendations, conceptual view of AI, and global trends on its application are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal University Management / Revista Gestio´n Universitaria is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The starting point for the presentation of the similarities and differences between the principles of conducting statistical research according to the rules of both statistical inference and statistical learning is the paradigm theory, formulated by Thomas Kuhn. In the first section of this paper, the essential features of the statistical inference paradigm are characterised, with particular attention devoted to its limitations in contemporary statistical research. Subsequently, the article presents the challenges faced by this research jointly with the expanding opportunities for their effective reduction. The essence of learning from data is discussed and the principles of statistical learning are defined. Moreover, significant features of the statistical learning paradigm are formulated in the context of the differences between the statistical inference paradigm and the statistical learning paradigm. It is emphasised that the statistical learning paradigm, as the more universal one of the two discussed, broadens the possibilities of conducting statistical research, especially in socio-economic sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study reaction dynamics on a model potential energy surface exhibiting post-transition state bifurcation in the vicinity of a valley ridge inflection (VRI) point. We compute fractional yields of products reached after the VRI region is traversed, both with and without dissipation. It is found that apparently minor variations in the potential lead to significant changes in the reaction dynamics. Moreover, when dissipative effects are incorporated, the product ratio depends in a complicated and highly non-monotonic fashion on the dissipation parameter. Dynamics in the vicinity of the VRI point itself play essentially no role in determining the product ratio, except in the highly dissipative regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an initial exploratory study that provides recommendations for the sustainable development of future automated and connected transport (ACT) systems in Romania. To achieve this, our paper investigates the different factors that influence mobility behaviour related to ACT systems through two different themes. The first part analyses (i) the strategic framework that is relevant to future ACT deployment and (ii) the spatial development patterns of large cities in Romania that might influence future mobility behaviour based on ACT systems. We presumed, and the study confirmed, that there is currently a poor focus on ACT systems in strategic documents and that the current spatial patterns show some premises for unsustainable mobility behaviour based on ACT systems. The second part describes the results of our analysis on the WISE-ACT survey deployed in Romania. We explored how informed Romanian citizens are about AVs; whether they are ready to use them; and what perceptions, concerns, and attitudes might influence their mobility behaviour when using ACT systems. The present analysis mainly shows that the perceptions of Romanian citizens are widely similar to those of citizens from other countries and that, for Romania, the orientation towards unsustainable forms of individual travel is maintained in terms of the future use of AVs. The recommendations that are presented here primarily address the spatial and attitudinal factors that have been identified as prerequisites for unsustainable future mobility behaviour linked to ACT systems.

Contemporary problems of statistical analysis of agricultural activities of enterprises in the context of their environmental consequences have been researched. The role of statistical analysis in ecological and economic development of Ukraine is defined; it involves forming a system of indicators of environmental impacts caused by the activities of agricultural enterprises. The use of statistical approach to evaluation of ecological processes operating in agricultural production, enables to understand the mechanisms of action of these processes, and to identify the factors that affect their functioning, to identify key areas for their ecological development. For the analysis and evaluation of environmental activities of agricultural enterprises the system of indicators is proposed, on the basis of compliance with international standards that identify the reserves in the activities of agricultural enterprises and reflect the peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions of activity of agricultural enterprises. The ways of improvement of methodological approaches to the statistical assessment of environmental impacts are offered; they are based on a conceptual framework involving four assessment phases as a tool for improving statistical estimates of effects.

Abnormal patterns exhibited in control charts can be associated with certain assignable causes for process variation. Hence, accurate and fast control chart pattern recognition (CCPR) is essential for significantly narrowing down the scope of possible causes that must be investigated, and speeds up the troubleshooting process. This study proposes a Gaussian mixture models (GMM)-based CCPR model that employs a collection of several GMMs constructed for CCPR. By using statistical features and wavelet energy features as the input features, the proposed CCPR model provides a more simple and effective training procedure and better generalisation performance than using a single CCPR recogniser, and hence is easier to be used by quality engineers and operators. Furthermore, the proposed model is capable of adapting novel control chart patterns (CCPs) by applying a dynamic modelling scheme. The experimental results indicate that the GMM-based CCPR model shows good detection and recognition performance for current CCPs and adapts further novel CCPs effectively. Moreover, the proposed model provides a promising way for the on-line recognition of CCPs because of its efficient computation and good pattern recognition performance. Analysis from this study provides guidelines for developing GMM-based statistical process control (SPC) recognition systems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Every researcher desires to uncover the truth about the object of the undertaken study. When conducting statistical research, however, scientists frequently give no deeper thought as to their motivation underlying the choice of the particular purpose and scope of the study, or the choice of analytical tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a reflection on the philosophical foundations of statistical research. The three basic understandings of the term 'statistics' are outlined, followed by a synthetic overview of the understanding of the concept of truth in the key branches of philosophy, with particular attention devoted to the understanding of truth in probabilistic terms. Subsequently, a short discussion is presented on the philosophical bases of statistics, touching upon such topics as determinism and indeterminism, chance and chaos, deductive and inductive reasoning, randomness and uncertainty, and the impact of the information revolution on the development of statistical methods, especially in the context of socio-economic research. The article concludes with the formulation of key questions regarding the future development of statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the calculation of military deaths during the U.S. Civil War based on statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau. The author attempts to examine how so-called facts emerge and become accepted within the profession of historical analysis, how limited statistical information might hamper thinking about the past, and whether it is possible to accurately count U.S. Civil War deaths. The author argues that it is not possible to accurately count the U.S. Civil War dead, but that a probable range for male deaths during the 1860s can be measured. The article is preceded by a description of the piece from a journal editor and commentary from U.S. historian James M. McPherson.

Standard correspondence analysis plots are readily misinterpreted by research users. This paper presents a new plot, called the moon plot, which is less susceptible to misinterpretation. Row points are plotted in the traditional way. Column points are plotted equidistant from the origin, with their directions from the origin as in traditional correspondence analysis plots, and the information traditionally communicated by the distance of the points to the origin instead communicated by the size of the fonts of the labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent commentary on statistical inference, Batterham and Hopkins1 advocated an approach to statistical inference centered on expressions of uncertainty in parameters. After criticizing an approach to statistical inference driven by null hypothesis testing, they proposed a method of "magnitude-based" inference and then claimed that this approach is essentially Bayesian but with no prior assumption about the true value of the parameter. In this commentary, after we address the issues raised by Batterham and Hopkins, we show that their method is "approximately" Bayesian and rather than assuming no prior information their approach has a very specific, but hidden, joint prior on parameters. To correctly adopt the type of inference advocated by Batterham and Hopkins, sport scientists need to use fully Bayesian methods of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper, Powell (2003) studied 20-year performance in 21 industries, using an ordinal performance measure (`wins'), and the Gini coefficient as a measure of competitive dominance. The findings suggest that firm performance is statistically indistinguishable from performance in non-business domains such as politics, games, sports, and pageants. This paper extends these findings, developing the statistical foundations for a general theory of competitive dominance. The paper presents a Gibrat-based null hypothesis, develops a decomposable index of competitive dominance, and suggests statistical procedures and empirical methods for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the empirical performance of jump diffusion models of stock price dynamics from joint options and stock markets data. The paper introduces a model with discontinuous correlated jumps in stock prices and stock price volatility, and with state-dependent arrival intensity. We discuss how to perform likelihood-based inference based upon joint options/returns data and present estimates of risk premiums for jump and volatility risks. The paper finds that while complex jump specifications add little explanatory power in fitting options data, these models fare better in fitting options and returns data simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]