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The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the constitutional and legal foundations of the development of the institutional capacity of the National Bank of Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine», the Regulations «On the Audit Committee of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine» and other legal acts in the context of strengthening the institutional independence of the NBU, as well as draft laws, were analyzed. Attention is focused on the evolution of the development of the institutional capacity of the National Bank of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine, the Audit Committee of the NBU and their role in the institutional independence of the National Bank of Ukraine. Their powers and formation procedure are described. It is emphasized that the advisory working body of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine - the Audit Committee of the NBU was created in accordance with the legislation and the principles of collegiality in making management decisions in the central bank. He started his work in November 2016. The shortcomings of the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» regarding the development of the institutional independence of the National Bank of Ukraine have been identified, and proposals have been developed regarding directions for its improvement with the aim of bringing it into line with the Constitution of Ukraine, as well as strengthening the functional independence of the National Bank of Ukraine: set out Art. 74 of the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» in the new version, which would provide that the claim is secured by stopping the decisions and acts of the National Bank of Ukraine, and also contained provisions regarding the establishment by the court of a ban or obligation to perform certain actions for the National Bank of Ukraine; to be fixed in Part 1 of Art. 9 of the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» list of «other working bodies»; exclude from the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» restrictions on the audit examination of the financial activities of the National Bank of Ukraine by independent auditors; to enshrine in the text of the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» the powers of the Audit Committee, the procedure for their implementation; exclude in the Law of Ukraine «On the National Bank of Ukraine» the duplication of its norms with the provisions of Part 2 of Art. 78 and Article 120 of the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the restriction, according to which a person cannot be a member of the Council of the National Bank, if he has a representative mandate or is a member of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, or holds or has held the position of head of a state authority (deputy head) and other state body (if one year has not passed since the date of her dismissal from such a position), or is a person authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government; clarification of duties of members of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines empirically cross‐fertilization in the productivity growth of banks between a state and its neighbouring and non‐neighbouring states (i) before (i.e. 1971–1977) the interstate multibank holding company (IMBHC) deregulations and (ii) during (i.e. 1982–1995) the IMBHC deregulations, which, through cross‐border bank M&As mainly among neighbouring states, could inject new blood, awaken the market for corporate control and enhance cross‐fertilization in bank performance among neighbouring states. Further, the 1978–1981 period offers a natural experiment to examine Baumol's Contestable Markets Hypothesis (CMH). The legislature of Maine made the first IMBHC deregulatory move in 1978. There was no reciprocity until New York and Alaska made their moves in 1982. Under CMH, Maine's move should inject a competitive spirit and alter bank performance for better across all—neighbouring or non‐neighbouring – banking markets during this period. Theoretically, Kane's regulatory equilibrium framework provides guidance to address these matters and Tiebout's people vote with their feet framework extends and supplements this guidance. Empirically, FDIC's annual banking data, aggregated at the state level, constitute the main input in computing the productivity growth indices for each of the 48 contiguous sample states between 1971 and 1995. Estimations of a novel spatially driven fixed effects model that uses these indices produce empirical results. The empirical model exploits the proximity of one sample state to its neighbouring states while also embracing a set of randomly chosen non‐neighbouring states as a control sample. Results show that cross‐fertilization in bank performance, observed among neighbouring states before the introduction of the IMBHC deregulations during 1971–1977, gets stronger in response to the dynamically evolving IMBHC deregulations during 1982–1995 and that improvements in banks' productivity growth during 1978–1981 support Baumol's CMH. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance and influence of cross‐fertilization, as a matter of proximity of subjects, on banks' performance and suggest promise for future research that embraces the spatial dimension of banking markets and data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to propose a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) to assess the response from the household sector to monetary policy shocks through the consumption function. Moreover, the transmission from monetary policy to household consumption and income distribution is experimented with through the vector autoregression (VAR) model. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the authors used the maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the DSGE and VAR models with the sample from 1996Q1 to the end of 2021Q4 (104 observations). Findings: The DSGE model's results show that the response of the household sector is as expected in the theory: a monetary policy shock occurs that increases the policy interest rate by 0.29%, leading to a decrease in consumer spending of about 0.041%, the shock fades after one year. Estimates from the VAR model give similar results: a monetary policy shock narrows income inequality after about 2–3 quarters and this process tends to slow down in the long run. Research limitations/implications: Based on the research results, the authors propose policy implications for the SBV to achieve the goal of price stability, and stabilizing the macro-economic environment in Vietnam. Originality/value: The findings of the study have theoretical contributions and empirical scientific evidence showing the effectiveness of the implementation of the SBV's monetary policy in the context of macro-instability, namely: flexibility, caution and coordination of different measures promptly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize the existing literature with insights gained from interviews conducted with regulatory experts. The objective is to analyse the challenges associated with incorporating cryptocurrencies into regulatory frameworks and to explore constraints in the regulatory institutionalization of cryptocurrencies. Design/methodology/approach: The study methodology consists of two steps. The first step is to identify regulatory constraints in the literature review and in the next step, interviews are conducted with officials of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The study used a qualitative case study methodology, in which a single case (regulatory constraint) was selected as a unit of analysis. Findings: The findings show that lack of traceability, legal status, lack of governmental control due to decentralization, difficulty enforcing laws, volatility, lack of skills with regulators and difficulty integrating cryptocurrencies into the current financial system are the main obstacles to the introduction of a regulatory framework. Thus, on a broader conceptual level, the findings can be grouped into opportunism, lack of strategic capability and fragmented global laws. Research limitations/implications: This study could inform global cryptocurrency regulation discussions, sharing a developing country's views on balancing the government, central banks, the financial sector and public interests. This could guide countries to consider cryptocurrency adoption in similar situations. This could affect the cryptocurrency market, impacting demand, supply and investor trust in Pakistan. Practical implications: The study has implications for policy making officials. The research aims to offer valuable insights to the SBP and other regulatory authorities, helping them identify potential risks and create an effective regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. Social implications: The study has implications for society in knowing about the volatile nature of cryptos and anonymity of their issuers, which poses regulatory constraints. This then implies its harmfullness to its traders and the huge losses that may arise from their trading due to its volatile nature. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature on the constraints, responsibilities and consultation framework of cryptocurrency regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional banks are 'indirectly' allowed to take more risk under the shadow of sovereign guarantees. Banks commit moral hazards as any major banking crisis will be 'cushioned' by deposit insurance and bailed out using the taxpayer's money. This study offers an alternative explanation for the determinants of banks' credit risk, particularly those from the Islamic regions. Although conventional banks and Islamic banks may share state and social cushioning systems, Islamic banks are strictly prohibited by moral and religious principles from gambling with depositors' funds, even if there is a cushion available to bail them out. However, banks belonging to collective societies, such as those in the MENA area, may be inclined to take more risks due to the perception of having a larger safety net to protect them in the event of failure. We analyse these theoretical intersections by utilising a dataset consisting of 320 banks from 20 countries, covering the time span from 2006 to 2021. Our analysis employs a combination of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and 2-step System-GMM methodologies. Our analysis reveals that Islamic banks are less exposed to credit risk compared to conventional banks. We contend that the stricter ethical and moral ground and multi-layer monitoring system amid protracted geopolitical and post-pandemic crises impacting Islamic countries contribute to the lower credit risk. We examine the consequences for credit and liquidity management in Islamic banks and the risk management strategies employed by Islamic banks, which can serve as a valuable reference for other banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a new perspective on the economic and financial history of Latin America, examining the evolution of British, German, French, and Spanish banking in the region. It highlights the importance of local entrepreneurs and governments as clients in credit management. The Spanish experience of banknote issuance in the 19th century is also analyzed, focusing on the transformation from state banking to private banking. The role of the Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires in the transition from colonial rule to the new state in Argentina is emphasized. The article concludes by highlighting the relevance of economic history in long-term economic growth. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Sustainable strategic management (SSM) is an integrated concept that entails sustainability in the approaches and processes of strategic management. Banking being a rapidly growing industry in service sector, it is reasonably important to study the SSM and its integrated performance. This paper aims to study the sustainable-strategic (SS) factors of Indian banks that affects their endurance and prioritizes the banks based on their sustainable and strategic performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study appertains a sustainable balanced scorecard (SBSC) framework to determine the SS factors and an integrated multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method to weigh the criteria and prioritize the banks' performance. Findings: The criterion weightage signifies sustainability, followed by financial and internal business perspective to be a crucial dimension for the performance of banks. The banks, State Bank of India, HDFC Bank Ltd and Canara Bank are ranked top-most on the SS performance. Research limitations/implications: The insights from the study on SS factors and banks' performance can be further used by policy-makers and researchers to understand the sustainability assessing factors and focus on making policies and further studies to enhance the performance in this regard. Originality/value: Banking is one of the potentially growing industry in service sector. It being a major part of economy's sustainable growth, it is essential to assess the SS factors that enhance their sustainable performance. There is dearth of study in this purview, for developing countries like India. Thus, this study critically analyses the strategic sustainability of Indian banking industry to ascertain the SS factors and prioritize the performance of banks based on criterion weightage and bank's SS operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the service quality of selected commercial banks in Mysore, Karnataka state, in extending home loan services to individual customers. The study seeks to understand the relative importance of service quality dimensions in measuring the performance of the four selected commercial banks, namely, State Bank of India, Canara Bank, HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. It also compares the service quality of the selected banks sector-wise. The findings reveal that the service quality of the selected banks is good and that the banks need to focus more on tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy factors to stay competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks and financial institutions face various risks. The effective management of these risks plays a vital role in the efficiency and effectiveness of these banks. One of these risks is shadow banking in the financial institutions. This paper conducts the research to discuss the effects of shadow banks on banking risk. The research problem of the paper is how the operations of Iranian state banks affects risk. We analysis this risk with a selection of state banks namely: Agricultural, Housing, Post Bank, Industry and Mining, Sepah, Export Development and Cooperative Development banks from 2016 to 2022. Capital structure, asset quality, liquidity, capital adequacy and banks' size are considered as explanatory and control variables. We used the ratio of off-balance sheet items to total asset, bank claims from subsidiaries and bank investment in securities as the indicators of shadow banking respectively in three models estimation based on Panel Data. The results show that shadow banking, with the three indicators which used, significantly increase the risk, while capital structure offset part of such an effect. In other words, increasing the ratio of off-balance sheet items to assets, bank claims from subsidiaries and bank investment in securities leads to higher risk. However, a perfect capital structure can offset part of increasing effect of shadow banking on the risk. Results also indicate an increase in asset quality, liquidity, and capital adequacy lead to a decrease in the risk, while expansion of banks' size increase the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the Butte's State Savings Bank affair, a scandal involving corruption and fraud that implicated architect Fred E. Willson and his boss Charles S. Haire. The scandal had far-reaching consequences and changed Willson's life. The text describes Butte, Montana as a unique city with a reputation for strikes, fights, and corruption, as well as its wealth from copper mining. It also mentions the architectural landmarks in Butte, such as the Hirbour Block and the State Savings Bank. The State Savings Bank building, now known as Metals Bank, still stands in Butte as a prominent architectural centerpiece. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to empirically examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on the purchase intention of Indian banking customers. It also investigates the conditional indirect effect on purchase intention via customer trust. The data were collected using a questionnaire from 324 customers having bank accounts either in state bank of India or housing development finance corporation Bank. Conformity factor analysis was used to assure the reliability and validity of all constructs; structural equation modeling was used to testify the proposed hypotheses. This study reveals important findings first, CSR practices have a significant effect on purchase intention and customer trust; second, CSR awareness significantly moderates CSR and purchase intention relationship; and finally, the relationship between CSR and purchase intention (PI) via customer trust (CT) is significant using moderated mediation model. This study has been carried out using a sample of customers from the service industry, that is, state bank of India and housing development finance corporation banks. Similar analyses can also be conducted in other sectors of the economy. This study adds to the scarce literature on moderating role of corporate social responsibility awareness and the conditional indirect effect of CSR on purchase intention through customer trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the principles of independence and accountability in the activities of the European Central Bank and the central bank of the EU member state. The article focuses attention on Art. 108 and Art. 109 of the Treaty on the Establishment of the European Community, which is an integral part of the Treaty on the European Union, which contain norms according to which both the European Central Bank and the central banks of the EU member states must be independent, and on the national legislation of the EU member states and Ukraine, according to which national banks are economically independent bodies. It was established that the principle of independence in the activities of the European Central Bank presupposes the absence of external and internal influence on the part of EU institutions, their employees, members of the governments of the EU member states on decision-making by the European Central Bank, but the principle of independence in the activities of the European Central Bank does not include the prohibition of free exchange opinions between the abovementioned subjects and the European Central Bank within the framework of the existing EU institutional mechanism. Doctrinal approaches to the principles of independence and accountability in the activities of national banks of states are analyzed. It is argued that the degree of independence of one or another branch of state power cannot be an object for comparison with the central bank of the state, since this contradicts the content of the very principle of independence of one or another branch of government, and also levels the system of checks and balances as such - the Central Bank of the State does not belong to any of the three branches of state power and is not the fourth branch of power, although it is a special central body of state administration. The central bank of the state cannot be isolated from other bodies of state power - on the contrary, in the balancing of state powers between the bodies of state power, its importance is no less important, but this does not give grounds for classifying it as one of the three branches state power to separate into the fourth branch of power. It has been established that in the legal literature the principle of independence in the activities of the Central Bank of the State is identified with functional and/or legal autonomy. An argument is given that refutes this approach. The principle of independence in the activity of the Central Bank of the EU member state is characterized. It was established that the principle of accountability corresponds to the principle of independence in the activities of the Central Bank of the State. This principle is characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US bank stress tests were introduced to improve the risk posture and management practices of large and complex banking institutions. We investigate whether stress-tested banks in the United States converge to each other in their levels and determinants of profitability, as well as their risk taking and systemic risk contributions. Our results are consistent with convergence in profitability, asset quality, management quality, securitization income, and income diversification of stress-tested banks. Our difference-indifferences estimation results provide causal evidence of stress tests leading to convergence in income diversification. Furthermore, stress-tested banks converge in their income diversification strategies, return volatility, default risk, leverage risk, and systemic risk contributions. This study sheds light on a situation where these banks may simultaneously have exposure to the same risks, leaving the financial system more vulnerable to a crisis as a result of the exposed risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity and mitigation banking has become a popular alternative offsetting mechanism, especially for freshwater species and systems. Central to this increase in popularity is the need for sound control mechanisms to ensure offset functionality. Two commonly used mechanisms are monitoring requirements and staggered release of bank credits over time. We used data from 47 banks in the United States, targeting freshwater systems and species. Based on the 47 banks meeting our criteria we showed that control mechanisms generally scale with increased project complexity and that banks release most of their total credit amount within the first 3 years. We further showed that advance credits are common and can increase the potential for credit release without providing tangible ecological benefits. Physical and biological assessment criteria commonly used by banks let us identify three main bank types focusing on connectivity, physical aspects, and habitat and species and their application possibilities and caveats to provide different ecosystem benefits for freshwater species and systems affected by anthropogenic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of bank competition on the design of syndicate loans. We find that competition in the lead lender's market plays a significant role in determining the terms of the syndicate loans. Specifically, higher concentration leads to higher yield spreads, larger issues, shorter maturities, greater contract intensity, and more collateral requirements, but with a greater likelihood of performance pricing. We also find the prior banking relationships, anti‐takeover provisions and whether the lead bank is a national, regional, or state bank influence the designs of these loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an analysis of the judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice (the Court) of 15 July 2021 delivered in Joined Cases C-584/20 P and C-621/20 P (Commission and SRB v Landesbank Baden-Württemberg), which offers valuable insights into the question of the scope of the obligation to state reasons. In particular, the judgment clarifies how that obligation should be weighed, if necessary, with the obligation to protect the confidential data within the EU decision-making process. While the judgment specifically pertains to a decision of the Single Resolution Board regarding the calculation of ex-ante contributions to the Single Resolution Fund, its implications extend to all areas of EU law where the EU administration relies on confidential information in order to adopt a decision. Additionally, the judgment holds particular significance for the National Resolution Authorities of the Member States non-participating in the Banking Union, since they are required to calculate ex-ante contributions to their national resolution financing arrangement and must, for this purpose, rely on the methodology provided by the EU legislator, as interpreted by the Court. Finally, the authors argue that regardless of its significance, the judgment leaves several questions unanswered regarding the adequacy of the reasoning of an administrative decision based on confidential data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the dissolution of the USSR, the Russian state has accommodated private property without abandoning its dominant position. This essay argues that, over two decades stretching from perestroika until the 2000s, the centrality of the state has been embodied by technocratic continuity amongst upper and mid-level managers of Soviet and then Russian international finance. This case is made here by focusing on a group of Soviet bankers working out of Zürich. Two milestone events frame the argument articulated throughout the essay: the issue of the first Soviet international bond and the establishment of a Soviet–Western financial joint venture in the West in 1988, and the opening of a full-fledged Russian bank in the United States in 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual services, which provide an important comfort area in today's digital world, are used by the majority of people. Accordingly, digital banking is one of the most used online financial services. In this research, it was aimed to analyze the digital banking services used by bank customers at a high rate and by using text mining methods using a data pool consisting of their comments. In the study, in the light of the data of the Banks Association of Turkey, the digital banking data of the 10 most used private banks and 3 state banks and a total of 13 banks constitute the population. The data covers the period from January 2020 to August 2022.In total, between 1,200,000-1,250,000 raw data were obtained from social media platforms where the relevant banks could be interpreted. Banks were examined one by one; Analyzes about word density were applied, wordcloud data visuals were created, and the perspective on banks was measured with individual sentiment analyses. As a result of the study, the most frequently cited by bank customers are The ease, usefulness, and service fees of digital applications are interpreted. Therefore, it has been understood that the digital services of private banks and public banks do not differ much, but the digital services of private banks are more efficient in terms of usefulness and self-renewal. As a result of the analysis, different suggestions were made to banks within the scope of customer satisfaction and quality service delivery in terms of digital banking services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between financialization and banking exclusion. The research hypothesis that financialization contributes to the reduction of financial exclusion was also verified. The research was based on an analysis of the variables describing financialization and banking exclusion of 27 European Union countries in the 2014–2021 period. The zero-unitarization method and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. The results of the study indicate that a high degree of financialization is found in Croatia, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal. In contrast, the level of banking exclusion is the highest in Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Latvia. An examination of the correlation between the indicators for each year from research period is negative, but the research of correlations of the mentioned indicators for each country is not unambiguous. For some countries the relationship is negative, for other it is positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigation banking is part of the ever-expanding global environmental market framework that aims to balance negative approved anthropogenic impacts versus third-party provided ecosystem benefits, sold in the form of credits. Given the need to conserve freshwater biodiversity and habitat, banking has received great traction for freshwater species and systems. While extensive reviews and studies have been conducted on evaluating if equivalency between impacts and offset can be achieved, there is almost no research being done on the way credits are being generated and banks are managed to inform future best practice and policy. Synthesizing banking data through cluster analyzes from 26 banks in the United States generating credits for freshwater species and associated systems, we show two generalizable approaches: removing barriers and targeting whole communities. Both address crucial freshwater conservation needs but come with their risks and caveats. Using common characteristics and management practices founded in federal and district level guidance within these two groups, we showcase and conclude that credit generation via barrier removal can be at risk of granting credit generation for too large of an area, leading to over-crediting. Banks targeting whole freshwater communities and accounting for landscape-level interactions and influences can potentially be detrimental for species on an individual level and large-scale credit availability as well as transfer can incentivize non-compliance with the mitigation hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study oversee the role of commercial banks of Pakistan whether effectively playing their significant role in monetary transmission. This study explores long and short-run relationships between monetary policy rate and commercial bank's related variables and between commercial banks' related variables and macroeconomic variables. This study used quarterly data from 1998 to 2018 for the variables include central bank policy rate, Industry level data of bank deposits, bank loans and bank investments and gross domestic product. Data are collected from the official websites of the State Bank of Pakistan and tested by econometric techniques. Outcomes of this study reveal that monetary decisions influence commercial banks to some extent. However, these could not influence the economic aggregates significantly in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has inaugurated a new approach to publicize socialization in all types of organizations, generally, and businesses specifically. Stakeholders now favour companies that adhere to social standards and virtues. The companies comprehend that it is essential for the advertising of their CSR activities so that the viewing public can fully comprehend that they are engaged with a business that delivers facilities that benefit society. With the advancement of technology, cyberspace provides several portals upon which content can be posted. Once the viewers are engaged with the organization, the word is dispersed in such a way that the company garners prominence. Using such an added benefit, the company uses this framework to endorse the business to its full extent too. This is accomplished with the assistance of digital marketing. This paper emphasizes the marketing potential of CSR efforts for businesses and the necessity of social media advertising of such programs in the current technology era. This essay also discusses how using digital channels like social media, websites, blogs, and emails to promote CSR initiatives can be advantageous to the business in the long run. As a result, this article aims to connect the CSR principle to marketing by categorizing various theoretical viewpoints that suggest a connection between the two concepts. The present paper is an attempt to capture the extent of digitalisation of services and the subsequent impact on the CSR performances of the largest bank in the Indian sub-continent- State Bank of India. The paper tries to analyse the growth of CSR activities vis a vis the rate of digital services provided by the bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Islamic banking in Pakistan parallels the global rise of Islamic banking. An essential part of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) strategic vision has continued to be advancing Islamic finance as a competitive and robust part of the financial system through supportive legal, regulatory, and supervisory frameworks. Under Islamic banking, there are many products which are Shariah compliant such as current accounts, saving accounts, auto finance, fixed deposits etc. Car Ijarah - a car financing mode which stipulates that the Bank would buy the automobile and rent it to the consumer for an agreed-upon time--usually between one and five years--after the contract is signed, the car will either be given to the customer or sold for a reasonable amount at the end of the Ijarah period. This study defines how Islamic banking product Car Ijarah affects the growth, profitability and promotion of Islamic banking division of one of the reputed private banks of Pakistan Bank Al Habib Limited. Special customers of Islamic Banking who are well aware of Car Ijarah were selected as a sample to fill an online survey questionnaire along with the Head of auto finance Department to collect required data. Also, the data is gathered from previous research journals and annual reports of different Islamic banks. The results from the analysis confirmed that the product of Car Ijarah has proven to be an innovative and effective product and it positively effects growth of Islamic banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of digitalization on bank profitability among Vietnamese banks. Design/methodology/approach: The research employs fixed-effects regression on a panel data of 32 banks in Vietnam during the period 2010–2021. Findings: The study reveals a positive impact of digitalization on bank profitability. The result is robust to different measures and empirical settings. Not surprisingly, small banks and banks with high percentage of state ownership experience lower profitability than their peers. However, digitalization helps improve the profitability of these banks. This study explains the effect by showing that digitalization significantly reduces bank cost in terms of cost to income ratio and increases bank non-interest income through diversification into non-traditional products and services. In addition, the current stage of bank digitalization in Vietnam does not reduce banks' employment costs since it requires staffs to support and operate the new system. Practical implications: The research findings are motivations for bankers and policy-makers in designing appropriate strategies toward digitalization. Investors can also consider highly digitalized banks as valuable investment. Originality/value: This research extends the current literature on the relationship between digitalization and bank profitability, with a focus on commercial banks in Vietnam. Given the high involvement of the government and the dominance of several large banks in the banking system, the study also explores whether the effect of digitalization on bank profitability varies with the bank's size and state ownership. Last but not least, the channels in which digitalization affects bank profitability are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Rise of Central Banks" by Leon Wansleben explores the increasing power and complexity of central banks in the context of financialization. Wansleben argues that central banks have risen in prominence alongside the broader phenomenon of financialization, and their role has become crucial in sustaining the financial system. The book examines four national case studies (Germany, Switzerland, Britain, and the United States) to illustrate how central bank policies have evolved over time. Wansleben emphasizes the technical nature of central banking and the challenges of translating macroeconomic goals into tangible outcomes. The book also highlights the symbiotic relationship between central banks and financial markets, and the potential for unintended consequences such as inequality and low growth. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the economic and mathematical justification of the methods of managing the financial resources of a commercial bank, i.e. income assets and operating liabilities. The presented study in a logical sequence highlights: the general statement of the task, that is, the definition of the content and selection of vector values of financial flows; the task of managing the bank's financial resources; the economic-mathematical model representation of financial flows; an algorithm for implementing economic and mathematical modeling of the bank's financial flows. A brief analysis of the state of Ukraine's banking sector in 2022 was also carried out, focusing on a monitoring program creation for Ukraine by the IMF. Emphasis was placed on the expansion of the application of sectoral sanctions against the aggressor country, as well as, if necessary, on the state-owned banks capitalization by the state in order to increase their stability on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Branching is one of the crucial strategic non-price actions for banks. Previous studies on the impact of state ownership upon banks focus on bank lending behavior. This paper aims to offer a novel investigation of how state ownership affects bank branching behavior by examining state-controlled commercial banks (SCCBs) in the context of the largest developing and transitional country China. Design/methodology/approach: The two-part model (TPM) is applied to analyze the branching decision process. In the first stage, the dependent variable is the choice of bank branching dynamics and in the second stage the dependent variable is the number of new branches or the number of closed branches. For robustness check, the ordered probit selection model allowing for interdependence of the two stage decisions is also employed. Findings: Using a unique dataset of bank branches in China, this paper finds that the branching decisions of Chinese SCCBs are driven by both profit motivated factors including population size, population density, income level, financial development and banking competition and politically motivated factors as represented with the proportion of SOEs. As a comparison, branching decisions of joint-stock banks in China are fully determined by profit motivated factors. Originality/value: First, this study is the first to explore the effect of state ownership on bank branching decisions, providing a new insight on the literature regarding to the impact of state ownership on bank decisions. Second, this study explores the potential effect of politically motivated factors on bank branching decisions, filling the gap in bank branching literature. Third, this study can contribute to bank branching literature by enriching the limited understanding of how SCCBs make branching decisions. Lastly, this study applies novel empirical strategies to analyze bank branching decisions, including the TPM and the ordered probit selection model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising has always been a crucial element in the uplifting of profitability in firms of every sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of advertising expense on the profitability of banks in Pakistan. The research study utilized primary as well as secondary sources for data collection. This research focuses on five leading banks of Pakistan and data on their profitability and advertising expenditure from the year 2012 till 2021 was gathered from their financial reports for analysis. Two other instruments i.e., an online questionnaire and interview were also made use of in order to collect primary data. A total of 500 questionnaires filled by bank customers were included in the study to find out the impact of advertising on customers' purchase decisions and the Joint Director of the State Bank was also interviewed to develop a wholistic understanding of the variables and their impact on each other in the context of banking sector. The findings of this research indicated that advertising has a significant positive impact on the profitability of banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of the State bank of the State of Pará, a development bank, on the socioeconomic growth of municipalities in the State of Pará, Brazil. Unlike commercial banks that often reduce their branch network, Banpará has expanded its presence in almost all municipalities. Using spatial econometrics and impact assessment methodologies, the study measures the impact of Banpará branches on these municipalities. The results demonstrate a positive effect contributing to higher Gross Value Added (GVA) in the services sector and public administration of Pará. Additionally, municipalities that established a Banpará branch between 2010 and 2019 exhibited positive results in salaries and production. These findings highlight the critical role of development banks in prioritizing socioeconomic development and fostering inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policy, economic, and historical differences between the American and Canadian banking sectors have created an environment where Canadian financial institutions can rapidly expand their stake in the American market. However, such a prospect is made difficult by an onerous regulatory system that places significant roadblocks on foreign banks entering the United States. While the United States and Canada already have deep economic and political ties, Canadian banks are subject to substantially the same restrictions as institutions coming from less regulatorily trustworthy and politically stable countries. This Note proposes that economic cooperation between the United States and Canada should be fostered by lifting certain regulatory restrictions on Canadian banks expanding into the United States. Specifically, this Note proposes (1) establishing a shared financial regulatory body, (2) working towards an accessible framework on banking law, and (3) altering policy priorities to open American banking to increased foreign investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces into scientific circulation sources from the history of the Bey clans of the Crimea from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, which are contained in the funds of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province and the Bessarabian-Tavriysky Land Bank of the State Archive of the Odesa Region. In these funds, there are 21 cases of the Shirinskys, Arginskys, Yashlavskys, Mansurskys, and Kypchakskys families regarding the granting of a loan secured by an estate or a plot of land. The cases of the Bey families from the fund of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province have not been preserved and are known by their names in the inventories. An analysis of documents related to loans granted to the bank by Crimean Tatar landowners descended from Bey families was carried out. According to the type of information, the presented sources can be divided into three groups: economic (documents of economic activity, acts of assessment of the yield of the estate or land plot), procedural (correspondence reflecting the stages of obtaining and paying the loan, sale of the estate), personal documents of a social and property nature (agreement about demarcation, yafta, deed of sale). Documents of an economic nature provide an opportunity for a broader and more detailed study of the state of land ownership and the nature of management of the descendants of the Crimean Tatar aristocracy at the end of the 19th century. It is obvious that the established way of management of the once large landowners, descendants of the Bey clans, did not meet the need for funds. The estates were re-mortgaged several times. Procedural documents show that loans were granted quite quickly, the Bank's Management Board monitored the work of its agents in assessing the profitability of the estate, and was also interested in solving the problems of its customers, preserving their property and preventing the sale of property. The most informative documents that characterize the social and economic processes that took place among the Crimean Tatar nobility during the 19th century are the personal documents of the owners of estates: deeds of sale, agreements on the delimitation of land, distribution acts upon receiving an inheritance, which actually reflect the process of land dispossession of the descendants of the Crimean Tatars family aristocracy and the collapse of the traditional foundations of the rural community during the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper tries to study the relationship between various constructs, such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, accuracy, security, ease of doing business, convenience and empathy with the quality of services provided by the banking sector in the state of Odisha, India. This study uses a modified 'SERVQUAL' model/scale comprising seven constructs/dimensions to measure the quality of services provided by the banks in the Odisha state. The respondents selected are the customers from both private and public banks operating in Odisha. The result of the study shows that, the constructs/dimensions studied in the modified SERVQUAL model and used in the study significantly and positively contribute to the customer service quality of the banks, except one construct, i. e, reliability, which significantly affects the service quality - but negatively. Further, the result points out that the banks in the state of Odisha are giving priority to the ease of doing business and facilitating convenience aspects that are followed by the responsiveness of the banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the study focuses on weakness of indicators in (BSP) at the (BS) in the Northern State perform to decrease (BP) level, The study aims to measure the effect of (KM) on (BP) through the use of (BSP) at the (BS). One Main hypothesis were developed and a questionnaire was designed. After data collection and analysis from the respondents, the study reached up to a significant statistical effect of (KM) on (BP). The study recommended Banking System at the Northern State have to pay more attention to (KM) Practices by holding training courses in how to exploit the knowledge available within the branches banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of great turbulence in the national financial market, caused first by the coronavirus and later by the Russian invasion, a particularly important task today is the stable functioning of the banking system, which is the lifeblood of the economy. In this context, an important task is to accumulate the efforts of the National Bank and commercial banks to improve the system of anti-crisis measures to ensure the stable operation of the banking sector and the economy in general. The article is devoted to the development of methodological tools for anti-crisis management in the banking sector of the domestic economy. For this purpose, a model of anti-crisis management in the banking sector of the Ukrainian economy is proposed, which is based on forecasting the sustainable development of the banking sector by distinguishing its three main states: unbalanced, minimally organized and maximally organized. The three-dimensional model of anti-crisis management in the banking sector makes it possible to clearly show the cyclical nature of its development. The study identified and substantiated the main directions of optimization of development and regulation of internal factors of stability of the banking sector of Ukraine. A structural and logical diagram of the anti-crisis management model is proposed, which provides for the implementation of measures of anti-crisis regulation of the banking sector by performing a certain sequence of management actions. The article also defines tasks aimed at implementing a program of measures to increase the competitiveness of the banking sector of Ukraine. The considered measures for maintaining stability and ensuring stable functioning of the banking sector and increasing trust in it are the most important prerequisites for financial and macroeconomic stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking sector plays a leading role in the financial market efficiency. Nevertheless, current global trends can have a significant negative impact on financial markets, thereby directly affecting the banking sector. This necessitates regular revision and improvement of banking strategies, in particular, investment strategies. The aim of this study is to identify priority areas of the investment strategy of the banking sector in the context of financial market instability. The research involved the methods of economic and statistical analysis, namely horizontal and vertical analysis, forecasting based on retrospective data, the comparison method, and the radar method. The analysis of trends in the investment activity of Ukrainian banks gave grounds to determine that the banking sector is characterized by low investment activity, and banks invest mostly in government securities. A comparison of the investment portfolio of Ukrainian and German revealed the high dependence of the volume of the portfolio of Ukrainian banks on geopolitical events, while German banks demonstrate greater stability. The general directions of the banks’ investment strategy in the context of financial market instability (diversification, monitoring, ensuring liquidity) are proposed. More specific directions of that strategy are also defined: investment in stability and resilience, investment in the recovery and development of post-conflict regions, strengthening of financial inclusion. The practical value of the work is the possibility of using its results by state managers and bank management to increase the effectiveness of the investment strategy in the long run. Further research will focus on developing an investment business model of banks taking into account the sustainable development principles using the example of one of the leading banking institutions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of risk committee characteristics on the risk disclosure of banking institutions in an emerging economy, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The data are collected through a manual content analysis of 21 banks regulated by the State Bank of Pakistan over the period 2011–2020. The study utilizes the generalized least square (GLS) regression model as the method of analysis. Findings: The study finds that risk committee size is positively associated with risk disclosure, which is in line with agency theory. However, risk committee independence and risk committee gender diversity are negatively associated with risk disclosure. This contradicts the theoretical perspective and is explained by the weak regulatory framework of Pakistan. Research limitations/implications: This study was carried out in a single research setting, which limits the generalizability of its findings to other developed and emerging economies. Practical implications: The results provide valuable insights for regulators by identifying the attributes that require regulatory focus to strengthen risk committees and enhance risk disclosure practices within the banking sector of Pakistan. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the risk committee size, call for fully independent risk committees and encourage greater representation of women in these committees. Originality/value: This study contributes to the corporate governance literature by empirically examining the risk committee characteristics and their impact on the risk disclosure of banks in an emerging economy. Moreover, this study contributes to theory by utilizing upper echelon theory in addition to agency theory as the motivation for the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the impact of intellectual capital in terms of human capital, structural capital and capital employed on the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach: Along with the measurement discussion, the empirical analysis examines the relationship between intellectual capital measured through value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) and the financial performance of banks in the GCC states by conducting a panel of six GCC countries, including 24 Islamic banks and 32 conventional banks covering 2012–2020 period. Findings: This paper shows that while Islamic banks have similar VAIC, human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency results to conventional banks, Islamic banks have lagged behind conventional banks regarding the impact of structural capital on financial performance. It is argued that this is in contradiction with Islamic ontology and epistemology, which essentialises intellectual capital formation. Practical implications: Islamic banks should promote research and development for their intellectual capital at the product, operational and institutional levels, as Islamic banking is considered an alternative financing method, incorporating a new form of knowledge-based institutions inspired by capitalist institutions. Originality/value: This study conducts a comparative examination of the intellectual capital performance and its impact on financial performance by using interaction variables to capture any differences between Islamic banks and conventional banks in the GCC countries. The paper also considers the knowledge economy impact as a novelty, which is prominent for the GCC countries. In addition, Islamic ontology's essentialisation of knowledge and its articulation in the form of intellectual capital within modern understanding is widely discussed, as part of originality. Finally, the findings are located within Islamic ontology and epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agency banking is branchless banking in which some banking activities are performed by third parties, which ordinarily are performed within the physical bank branches by bank personnel. This study sought to determine the impact and challenges of adopting agency banking in Nigeria. The five administrative divisions in Lagos State were the focus of the exercise. Two structured questionnaires were designed to unravel the operating environment of agency banking in Lagos State, Nigeria. The agent-focused and customer-focused questionnaires were randomly administered within the sample area. The data collection period was from June through August 2022. The valid responses totalling 752 for customers and 250 for agents were analysed. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the need to earn extra income was the major reason for being an agent, while proximity, convenience, responsiveness and liquidity were major factors for customers using agency banking. However, the major operating problems identified included transaction failures, delayed reversal, network failures and fraud. It was recommended that improved operational efficiency, network facility upgrade and agent training would go a long way to improve agency banking in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]