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With the burgeoning landscape of new enterprises and business paradigms, industrial and trade enterprises are facing escalating pressure to ensure operational safety. Conventional safety management mechanisms have proven to be inadequate for adapting to the dynamic market demands and intricacies of modern production environments. To improve safety management practices, this study integrates complex network theory to dissect the causal chains underlying accidents in industry and trade enterprises. A network model is established to elucidate the factors contributing to accidents and leverage datasets from safety inspections to construct a repository of latent safety risks. To address deficiencies in extant safety frameworks, a comprehensive safety management evaluation system is formulated, comprising ten primary evaluation indices and 30 secondary metrics. Based on the established frameworks, such as ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS), standardized safety production protocols, and risk hierarchical management and control systems and hidden hazard identification and treatment systems (dual prevention systems), a holistic safety management system (SMS) is synthesized on the basis of system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) theory. This systematic approach culminates in a robust framework tailored to modern industrial and trade enterprises, fostering flexibility and efficacy in safety management capabilities. This case analysis underscores the model's ability to enhance its safety management proficiency, thereby amplifying its relevance in fortifying enterprise operations and fostering sustainable growth. This study represents a pivotal step toward augmenting safety management capacities within the industrial and trade enterprises to safeguard enterprise vitality and advance sustainable business practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the fuzzy real-time safety level (Fuzzy RealTSL) methodology. It aims to address the data uncertainties resulting from a lack of sensors in complex sociotechnical systems and reduce the need for the determination of their safety level in real-time during their operation. To achieve this, the methodology utilizes: (1) safety constraints from STPA (systems theoretic process analysis) analysis and EWaSAP (early-warning-signs analysis process), (2) fuzzy logic as the mathematical backbone to identify the degree of confidence about the occurrence of unsafe system states, (3) a modified centroid point and spread ordering to enable ordering sequences of unsafe system states that can lead to accidents according to how detrimental they are to the system safety. The RealTSL methodology is presented through its step-by-step application to the panel alignment system of a solar park utilizing rotating solar arrays. This paper aims to open a new perspective on the STAMP literature for discussions of uncertainties from a lack of information about the system's state and to make it easier to measure its safety level. Knowing the safety level of a system in real-time is crucial for the systems in question as it enables proactive risk management and enhances decision-making by providing immediate insights into potential hazards, thus safeguarding against accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers an axisymmetric stress state of a homogeneous elastic space with a circular disc-shaped crack, one of the edges of which is pressed into a cylindrical circular stamp with static friction. It is assumed that the contact zone is considered under the generalized law of dry friction, i.e. tangential contact stresses are proportional to normal contact pressure, while the proportionality coefficient depends on the radial coordinates of the points of the contacting surfaces and is directly proportional to them. Considering the fact that in this case the Abel images of contact stresses are also related in a similar way, the solution of the problem, with the help of rotation operators and theory of analytical functions, is reduced to an inhomogeneous Riemann problem for two functions and the closed solution in quadratures is constructed. A numerical analysis was carried out and regularities of changes in both normal and shear real contact stresses, as well as rigid displacement of the stamp depending on the physical and geometric parameters were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asciminib is a first-in-class BCR::ABL1 inhibitor that Specifically Targets the ABL1 Myristoyl Pocket (STAMP). It is approved worldwide and in Japan for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) with resistance or intolerance to previous tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. In the Phase 3 ASCEMBL study, patients with CML-CP who received ≥ 2 prior ATP-competitive TKIs were randomized (2:1) to asciminib 40 mg twice-daily or bosutinib 500 mg once-daily. Here, we report the 96-week results of the subgroup analysis of Japanese patients (asciminib, n = 13; bosutinib, n = 3) in the ASCEMBL study. The MMR rate at Week 96 was 46.2% in asciminib-treated patients, increasing from Weeks 24 and 48. Patients who achieved MMR at Week 24 remained in MMR up to the Week 96 cutoff. While a high proportion of patients treated with asciminib remained on treatment at cutoff, none randomized to bosutinib were on treatment at Week 96. Despite the longer duration of exposure to asciminib, its safety and tolerability continued to be favorable with no new or worsening safety findings. Overall, the efficacy and safety outcomes in the Japanese subgroup were comparable with the ASCEMBL global study population, which supports the use of asciminib in Japanese patients with previously treated CML-CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study examines spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neuromuscular disease associated with malnutrition. Our goals are to assess how effectively screening tools can detect malnutrition and evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions on neurological outcomes, particularly motor functions. Methods Thirty-seven genetically diagnosed SMA patients (types 1, 2, and 3) under nusinersen therapy were included in the study. The nutritional status of these patients was assessed by using anthropometric measurements, including height for age (HFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index (BMI) before and after the study. Additionally, the risk of malnutrition was determined using screening tools, namely the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP). Nutritional counseling followed the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines and considered the patients' dietary history, including content and administration method. Motor functions were assessed by validated tests: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale—Expanded (HFMSE). Result The study showed an improvement in HFA, by a change from −0.95 to −0.65 (p = 0.015). Conversely, BMI scores decreased from 0.08 to −0.54 (p = 0.015), while WFH and MUAC showed no significant alterations (p = 0.135, p = 0.307). Following nutritional interventions, HFMSE demonstrated a median increase from 29.5 to 30.5 (p = 0.023). Patients identified as being at high risk for malnutrition based on PYMS and STAMP belonged to the moderate-to-severe malnutrition group (BMI Z-score ≤ −2, p = 0.001). Conclusions Use of screening tools in SMA patients is highly beneficial for the early detection of malnutrition. Future research should highlight the importance of combining nutritional management with nusinersen therapy to potentially alter the disease trajectory, especially in motor and neurological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the worldwide situation of child abuse through international documents and explains the effective role of design through stamp designs by focusing on its physical, emotional and psychological effects. The aim is to develop a perspective through stamp design examples by focusing on child abuse, to attract the attention of the society and to inform. The descriptive analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In this context, the written data of the article were created by conducting a literature review. Then, the content of the article was enriched through visual expression by adding postage stamps suitable for the theme. The findings consist of a total of 11 stamp designs commissioned by India, San Marino, Switzerland, the USA and the United Nations between 1927-2019. These designs reflect the difficulties experienced by children and their efforts to claim their rights, pointing out that not only states but also international organizations have a responsibility in the fight against child abuse and calling for joint action. As a result, the visual and textual elements in the article convey important messages to the society by reflecting the gravity of child abuse and neglect. In this context, it emphasizes the importance of both design and philately and provides an understanding that it can be used as an effective tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of traditional analysis methods in improving complex socio-technical system safety has reached a ceiling, and thus systems theory has been utilised to support the investigations and countermeasures for road traffic accidents. As two widely applied systems accident analysis models, STAMP (systems theoretic accident model and process) and HFACS (human factors analysis and classification system) have their own advantages in accident analysis and safety improvement. Therefore, this study develops a new hybrid systems method integrating STAMP and HFACS for road traffic accident (SH-RTA), which can adopt HFACS to enhance the identification and analysis ability of STAMP for human factors and employ control concepts and elements of STAMP to cement the characteristic of HFACS. To illustrate the applicability of the hybrid method, a case study of '9·22' major road traffic accident in China is thoroughly analysed. Finally, preventive countermeasures and suggestions are presented. Practitioner Summary: This paper proposes a new hybrid systems method integrating STAMP and HFACS for road traffic accident. The new method reveals dysfunctional interactions within the parallel level and across levels, and identifies additional human and organisational factors. The recommendations for preventing road traffic accident are provided from higher levels of system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigations into several recent railway safety incidents have concluded that failures of enabling systems contributed significantly to the root cause of those incidents, suggesting a tendency towards poor management of safety risk associated with subsystems outside the immediate System of Interest (SoI) boundary. This paper examines whether better application of systems thinking to the analysis of hazards, through use of the System‐Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) technique, could have enabled safety risk to be better identified and managed in the circumstances surrounding a serious derailment that occurred in Victoria, Australia in February 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of engineered systems has grown leaps and bounds over the last forty years. One of the main challenges in modern engineering is managing this complexity, particularly as the pace of technological change continues to accelerate across industries. While most systems professionals agree, a viable early design concept is crucial to meeting stakeholders' needs and successfully scoping a development program, traditional early concept generation approaches focus on a design‐first approach, often glossing over an analysis of system intent and a synthesis of system goals and objectives. This tendency leads to an early focus on low‐level, highly‐granular design activities that focus on advanced technologies as design components instead of on the high‐level policy or desired emergence that the new system is being designed to achieve. To combat these shortcomings, this paper introduces a new framework for conceptualizing an early design for novel, complex systems in aerospace and defense that are employed as part of a portfolio‐of‐systems in an attempt to achieve a high‐level policy or portfolio‐level capability. It outlines an intent model for framing a new system's contribution to a portfolio‐level capability, and it posits a framework for delivering a new model for early design concepts while providing a foundation to extend system‐theoretic hazard and security analysis techniques to systematically analyze safety and security engineering challenges for the designs in the earliest possible phase of their lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors. It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety. Based on system and control theories, System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis. In this paper, we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems. Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game. Game theory can, thus, be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders. Subsequently, we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity, and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity. The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities. The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement, to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores how process safety and process security risk management methods may be integrated into a unified framework, thereby considering the resilience engineering paradigm. Employing a systematic literature review and expert surveys with industrial practitioners alongside representatives from key regulatory bodies to understand the complexities and opportunities of such integration. The interactions that result from a mixed-method study ensure the gaining of insights into the practical challenges and opportunities of integration in diverse operational and regulatory environments. Utilizing Microsoft Forms analytics tools and ATLAS.ti for qualitative analysis, the research identifies patterns and conditions, as well as the context, which is pivotal for constructing a comprehensive, adaptable risk management framework. This paper introduces a novel, holistic risk management perspective, advocating for the amalgamation of process safety and process security within the chemical industry, adopting the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) model underscored by resilience principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to identify the information security risks existing in the oil and gas smart pipeline system, the information physical security of the oil and gas smart pipeline system was comprehensively assessed and analyzed through the method based on systems-theoretic accident modeling and process (STAMP). First, the equipment, facilities, processes, and components involved in the oil and gas smart pipeline were systematically and comprehensively analyzed to assess their safety. Secondly, through the establishment of STAMP model, the feedback information and control actions between each level and component were analyzed in depth, and a clear control feedback loop was formed, highlighting the association and control relationship between components. On this basis, potential information risk factors were systematically identified, and possible system failure scenarios were deduced and constructed. Taking the oil and gas smart pipeline system of the first natural gas transmission station as an example, the study verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the STAMP-based model. The results show that the method not only intuitively describes the association and control relationship between components, but also comprehensively considers the information risk from the perspective of physical layer functional safety, especially highlighting the control elements PCS (process control systems) and the vulnerable operator stations. Compared with traditional methods, the method proposed in this study increases the identification rate of information physical security risk factors to more than 80%, which is an improvement of more than 40%, helps to avoid unnecessary redundant design of security measures, and improves the accuracy of security risk management and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the accuracy of three different screening tools, namely, the Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP), and Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGKIDS), in assessing malnutrition risk in hospitalised children. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 300 children aged 6 months to 15 years at Alexandria University Children's Hospital, Egypt. The sensitivity and specificity of each tool were calculated to detect acute and chronic malnutrition, and an agreement test was conducted between the nutritional screening tools. The patients were classified into different nutritional risk groups, and their classification was compared with anthropometric measures and clinical variables, such as the length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: The prevalence of stunting and wasting on admission was found to be 3% and 6.6%, respectively. Children categorised as high‐risk on admission had a longer LOS than those at low risk. The agreement test between the STAMP score and STRONGKIDS score on admission showed the most significant agreement, and STRONGKIDS had the best accuracy in detecting acute and chronic malnutrition. Conclusion: The comparison of the three screening tools revealed that STRONGKIDS exhibited the best accuracy in detecting acute and chronic malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper considers a generalized plane-stressed state of an elastic half-plane, which at a certain depth from the boundary contains collinear finite cracks parallel to the boundary and is deformed by an absolutely rigid, smooth stamp with a flat base, acting on a certain section of the boundary of the half-plane and under the influence of a vertical, harmonically varying during the time concentrated load. Using the method of discontinuous solutions for the equations of motion of the plane theory of elasticity for a half-plane with internal cracks, the governing system of singular integral equations of the problem was derived, the solution of which was constructed using the numerical-analytical method of mechanical quadrature. In case when there is only one crack, numerical calculations were carried out and patterns of changes in the moduli of contact stresses acting under the stamp, the angle of rotation of the stamp and the intensity coefficients of destructive stresses at the end points of the crack were revealed depending on the frequency of forced vibrations and the relative position of the crack and the stamp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road transport is experiencing disruptive change from new first-of-a-kind technologies. While such technologies offer safety and operational benefits, they also pose new risks. It is critical to proactively identify risks during the design, development and testing of new technologies. The Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) method analyses the dynamic structure in place to manage safety risks. This study applied STAMP to develop a control structure model for emerging technologies in the Australian road transport system and identified control gaps. The control structure shows the actors responsible for managing risks associated with first-of-a-kind technologies and the existing control and feedback mechanisms. Gaps identified related to controls (e.g. legislation) and feedback mechanisms (e.g. monitoring for behavioural adaptation). The study provides an example of how STAMP can be used to identify control structure gaps requiring attention to support the safe introduction of new technologies. This paper considers emerging risks associated with new technologies in the road transport system. It demonstrates a novel approach using STAMP to identify gaps in control and feedback mechanisms within the existing control structure which should be addressed to mitigate risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exact solution to the contact problem of indentation of an absolutely rigid stamp with a straight base, taking into account friction, into one of the edges of a finite crack located in a homogeneous elastic plane is constructed. It is assumed that tangential contact stresses are directly proportional to normal contact pressure. In this case, it is believed that the friction coefficient is directly proportional to the coordinates of the contacting points of the contacting surfaces. The defining system of equations for the problem is derived in the form of an inhomogeneous Riemann problem for two functions with variable coefficients and its closed solution in quadratures is constructed. Simple formulas for contact stresses and the normal dislocation component of displacements of crack edge points are obtained. The patterns of changes in contact stresses and crack opening depending on the maximum value of the friction coefficient have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technologies of forging and stamping production are progressive, which ensures high quality, precision, productivity and improvement of the mechanical properties of parts, which is necessary for the aircraft and aerospace industries. Despite the variety of existing equipment, in production, there is sometimes a need to create new types of equipment for the production of a certain group of parts. The purpose of the work is to develop technical proposals for the use of stamping equipment and the equipment of an atypical design for obtaining parts from sheet blanks. In the article possible technologies for obtaining a part from a sheet blank was analyzed. The adopted part (figure 1) is relatively simple, and punching, cutting and bending operations are enough to obtain it. To obtain it, a manufacturing technology was developed, technological calculations were carried out, and the power parameters of the process were determined: blanking, piercing and bending forces. Compressed air energy can be used to perform technological operations of sheet stamping if the condition for the process force of no more than 5 tf is satisfied. The developed equipment uses a standard pneumatic cylinder as a power unit. The designed stamp is structurally similar to traditional single-action stamps for sheet stamping. Based on the results of the work, a press with an effort of 5 tf and a stamp for the production of a sheet part were made. The developed equipment (press) has structural, technical and economic advantages over existing types of forging and stamping equipment. Technical proposals were formulated for the use of stamping equipment of atypical design to produce parts from sheet blanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horse has been the best friend of nomads since ancient times. During ancient nomadism, the horse was a tool that would take people to wherever they wanted, and it was a sacred animal that gave strength and spirit to its owner. For this reason, all nomadic peoples especially respect horses. Mongolian people also treat horses with special respect. They also attach great importance to the care, condition, and health of their racehorses. Horse branding is a long-standing tradition among Mongolian peoples. Branding a horse with iron was not only to mark the owner of the horse but also to protect it from various evils and calamities (trouble), according to Mongolian beliefs. The horse was generally marked by the time it was foal. Special traditional events and festivities were held during the process of branding horses. Apart from a few books and some articles written in Mongolian, there is little research in other languages about the Mongolian horse branding tradition. No specific scientific study has been conducted. In our article, we aim to discuss the subject in more detail by making use of some sources and scientific research on the Mongolian horse branding traditions. In addition, the Mongolian respect for horses, their traditions, and beliefs are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the tradition of stamping is continued by putting marks on many items such as tombstones, carpets and rugs, iron tools, ornaments, architectural structures, weapons, trees and stones in Turkish culture. It is a well-known fact that one of the oldest examples of the stamp tradition in Turkish culture is the livestock branding tradition. Scientific studies on stamps and stamp-shaped signs have been going on for a long time. Although the findings have created an important literature and data source, there are still countless examples of traditional practices and stamps waiting to be researched, discussed and brought to the literature in Anatolia, which is home to a rich stamp tradition. This study aims to analyse the historical and cultural context of livestock branding culture applied in Samsun region and its surrounding settlements, the functions of livestock branding, the characteristics of brands, how the livestock branding process takes place, cultural transmission and preparation of an inventory. In this study, a qualitative approach is adopted as the research method, since it is aimed to analyse and describe the livestock branding culture profoundly. Ethnography (cultural analysis) is preferred as the research design. Data is collected using a semi-structured interview form with unattended and mechanical observation. The group to be observed and interviewed is determined according to the criterion-based sampling method, which is one of the non-probability sampling methods. Data collection with the ethnographic method may take a few days and weeks, or it may take a year or more. Field studies for observations, interviews, and photo shoots of livestock brands on buffaloes are carried out in the Yeşilırmak and Kızılırmak Delta Wetland Area and different districts of Samsun from April to October in 2019 and 2022. Since the theoretical dimensions of this research are formed, descriptive analysis technique is used to solve the data obtained through unattended observation, audio and video recordings made with mechanical tools, and semi-structured interview. Expert opinion is sought to test the reliability. Findings show that livestock branding culture in Samsun region has an important historical background and cultural context. It is seen that the culture of branding horses continues, although it is especially concentrated on buffaloes in the research area. As a result of the study, 104 livestock brands are identified in the Samsun region and these are recorded with photographs. It has been determined that these livestock brands detected in the region are divided into five forms as numeral, Latin alphabet, reminiscent of the brands of Turkish tribes, old Turkish alphabet and similar to the livestock brands in different countries and geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the traditional train control system, the fully automatic driverless operation scenario is more complex and changeable, and the potential hazards and their causes are more imperceptible, which brings new challenges to operation safety. To solve these problems, a safety verification method for complex operation scenarios is proposed, which combines STAMP with model checking. Firstly, a hierarchical control structure model of operation scenarios is constructed to identify potential unsafe control behaviors and analyze the risk causes, as well as safety constraints. Secondly, the basic transition rules between the hierarchical control structure model and the safe state machine model are defined, and the safe state machine model of the operation scenario is built based on the model and transition rules. Finally, for the security constraints, a safety attribute verification model is established by using the data flow graph. Combined with the formal verification technology, the safe state machine model of the operation scenario is verified. In this paper, the method is validated and analyzed with reference to the automatic train parking in the fully automatic driverless operation scenario. The result shows that when the safety constraints extracted from the STAMP theory pass the verification of the scenario security state machine model, it means that the corresponding unsafe control behavior in the scenario does not occur and does not lead to the corresponding danger. By combining the advantages of system safety analysis and formal modeling verification, this method reduces the difficulties of operation scenario modeling and constructs a formal model of operation scenario that meets the safety constraints, which can be used as a basis for the safety design and safety improvement of fully automatic driverless system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a bibliometric analysis and literature review to explore the current application landscape of the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) principles and techniques in the railway transportation domain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 118 research documents retrieved from prominent bibliographic databases, covering the period from 2008 to September 2023. The investigated research works, involving STAMP, mainly focus on two topics: 1) applications of STAMP to railway accident modeling/analysis and 2) applications of Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to railway hazard analysis and risk assessment. In this paper, while the STAMP related studies are discussed with respect to the considered railway accidents, the studies related to STPA analysis are discussed with respect to three subjects, STPA applications, STPA comparative studies, and STPA extensions and improvements. Ultimately, this review aims to provide academic researchers and railway practitioners with a comprehensive exploration and analysis of the current state of knowledge on STAMP within the railway sector.

This paper presents the fuzzy real-time safety level (Fuzzy RealTSL) methodology. It aims to address the data uncertainties resulting from a lack of sensors in complex sociotechnical systems and reduce the need for the determination of their safety level in real-time during their operation. To achieve this, the methodology utilizes: (1) safety constraints from STPA (systems theoretic process analysis) analysis and EWaSAP (early-warning-signs analysis process), (2) fuzzy logic as the mathematical backbone to identify the degree of confidence about the occurrence of unsafe system states, (3) a modified centroid point and spread ordering to enable ordering sequences of unsafe system states that can lead to accidents according to how detrimental they are to the system safety. The RealTSL methodology is presented through its step-by-step application to the panel alignment system of a solar park utilizing rotating solar arrays. This paper aims to open a new perspective on the STAMP literature for discussions of uncertainties from a lack of information about the system’s state and to make it easier to measure its safety level. Knowing the safety level of a system in real-time is crucial for the systems in question as it enables proactive risk management and enhances decision-making by providing immediate insights into potential hazards, thus safeguarding against accidents.

Signing a writing is, in essence, a voluntary creation and one-sided legal act, the effectiveness of which, in addition to the ability of the signatory, requires two conditions, namely, the intention to act and the result. Formally, it should be the exclusive mark of hand rotation, fingerprint or stamp. If the signature is complete, it causes two legal and judicial effects in such a way that, firstly, it involves the apparent will in creating a creative legal act, the subject of the writing such as offer, acceptance, rescission or declarative such as confession, testimony and claim. Secondly, but what is a complete signature and what is the defect in the signature? What is its criterion and basis and what is its sanction? The present article answers each of these questions with a descriptive-analytical method and concludes that the signature in its general meaning may be single or multiple and is made in principle or representationally. In each case, the law, contract or effective declaration specifies that the signature is complete or incomplete. Incomplete signature is not effective, but as the case may be, it can be the cause and reason of civil, contractual and criminal responsibility for its owner.

Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording instruments as well as product measuring in different districts. In this research in addition to exploring circle of landholding from early Islamic period to Qajar period, two threshing heap stamp, that used to make mark on wheat as well as barley heaps are investigated. In this article we use anthropological and library studies based on descriptive and analytical approach to investigate the region cultivation and tow threshing heap stamps. The aims of this study are to identify the function as well as identity of these two stamps in socioeconomic context and investigate the circle of agriculture at Komijan city and Esfandan village, also tried to determine the identity and essence the stamps that are used by whom and when. In this end, structure of the stamps as well as form, material, motive and phrase on them will be described.

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new model is proposed for contacting a stamp with a flat base with an elastic half-plane in the presence of friction between them. As in the model proposed by L.A. Galin for such a problem, it is assumed that in the central part of the contact zone there is adhesion of the points of the half-plane with the base of the stamp, which is caused by the presence of friction between the stamp and the half-plane, and sliding occurs at the edges of the contact zone. The proposed model differs from the model of L.A. Galin in that the distribution of friction forces in the sliding zone is considered uniform, and not according to the law of dry friction. A system of governing equations has been constructed, and the features of the behavior of the sought functions at the point of separation of the adhesion and sliding zones, as well as at the end point of the contact zone, have been found. The problem was solved by the method of mechanical quadratures. Numerical analysis was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies of Lithuania's History is the property of Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study introduces a systems-theoretic methodology to meet the requirements of a major national infrastructure for safety and security-based design by enhancing the alignment of stakeholders and actors in the project. Safe-by-Design (SbD) is an engineering concept for risk management that considers safety as much as possible in the design phase. The article presents the results of a case study conducted to investigate the efficacy of recent system safety models and analysis techniques in the major national infrastructure of a Waste-to-Energy (WtE) project under consideration in Iceland. The structures and roles within the system responsible for constructing the WtE plant, given the sustainability and circular economy restrictions, are addressed in the study. Stakeholders' roles and responsibilities are analyzed, yielding their feedback on potential risks and creating a positive image of the project. Also, suitable ways to enter the project and finance it are devised. In essence, this enables the creation of a safety and security-based design approach. Furthermore, detailed documentation of the system model development is presented. The novelty of the study lies in the application of STAM, STPA, and STECA as an SbD approach for a major infrastructure project. Also, the methods discussed here have not been used in a WtE project as far as we know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences / TÜRKAV Kamu Yönetimi Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors publish the materials related to three unknown before toreutic products produced in the 11th century. Production technology, shapes and ornamentation of pitchers, as well as their labeling, were improved on the stage of production of elite jars from bronze. These jars were found on the hillforts of Taraz and Kysmyshi during archaeological research as well as accidental finding of jar on the Talgar hillfort. Their ornithomorphic forms, brought to the perfection of stylization, artistic formation, characterize pitchers. In the bibliographic review of the study of such pitchers, which has been updated few times by J. Ilyasov, no attention is paid to Kazakhstani materials. Now that gap is filling. Three published jugs were marked with engraved inscription: «Amali Ahmad» («Ahmad's work») and the master's stylish-florid medallion. The sites of all known finds or buyouts by collectors of such jugs are well known and localized along the stretch of the Great Silk Road between Eastern Iran and Western China: all Central Asian countries, as well as Northern Afghanistan and Xinjiang. The analysis of the materials of the micro-material of two pitchers can tell about the place of production of pitchers, given in the appendix.

Background: Manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS) is a cost-effective and safe procedure offering comparable outcomes to phacoemulsification. It holds significance for outreach and economically disadvantaged patients in developing countries, while also being important for complex cataracts in developed nations. The SICS technique revolves around a three planar self-sealing sclero corneal tunnel (SCT), a critical element for rapid and suture-less healing. The tunnel’s components include the incision, side pocket, internal entry, and depth each affecting astigmatism and successful nucleus delivery.[1-3] Various incision types are explored, with the frown incision yielding minimal astigmatism but posing challenges.[2,4] Inappropriate SCT leads on to high induced astigmatism, post op hypotony, and chances of infection. Purpose: This video introduces “Tunnel stamp” which is a novel device designed to guide the incision length, internal entry line, and side pocket accuracy thus making a perfect SCT particularly for novice surgeons, who often encounter intraoperative and postoperative complications due to inappropriate SCT. The device is produced through 3D printing with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), an easily available and economically feasible material. The prototype’s practicality is demonstrated through successful wet lab trials on goat eyes and subsequently on human eyes. The device is aligned using a limbus-matching step and a sterilized marker pen. Synopsis: This device has unique advantage to take care of the three aspects of SCT, that is, incision, side pocket, and internal entry. One can have custom-made guarded knife to perform scleral groove in optimum depth, which is another important dimension of SCT. Future developments involve creating the tunnel stamp in transparent flexible silicon to enhance alignment accuracy. Given the diversity of cataract types, multiple sizes of the device are envisioned to accommodate nucleus size variability and different stages of cataract development. To aid novice surgeons, two variations of incision guides (straight and frown) are proposed for immature and harder cataracts reducing induced astigmatism. Highlights: Overall, this innovative tunnel stamp aims to enhance SICS outcomes, enabling more precise and consistent SCT creation while addressing challenges posed by various cataract types and surgeon experience levels. Video link: https://youtu.be/yzV-UC4jwPg

Background This study examines spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neuromuscular disease associated with malnutrition. Our goals are to assess how effectively screening tools can detect malnutrition and evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions on neurological outcomes, particularly motor functions. Methods Thirty-seven genetically diagnosed SMA patients (types 1, 2, and 3) under nusinersen therapy were included in the study. The nutritional status of these patients was assessed by using anthropometric measurements, including height for age (HFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index (BMI) before and after the study. Additionally, the risk of malnutrition was determined using screening tools, namely the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP). Nutritional counseling followed the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines and considered the patients’ dietary history, including content and administration method. Motor functions were assessed by validated tests: the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale—Expanded (HFMSE). Result The study showed an improvement in HFA, by a change from −0.95 to −0.65 (p = 0.015). Conversely, BMI scores decreased from 0.08 to −0.54 (p = 0.015), while WFH and MUAC showed no significant alterations (p = 0.135, p = 0.307). Following nutritional interventions, HFMSE demonstrated a median increase from 29.5 to 30.5 (p = 0.023). Patients identified as being at high risk for malnutrition based on PYMS and STAMP belonged to the moderate-to-severe malnutrition group (BMI Z-score ≤ −2, p = 0.001). Conclusions Use of screening tools in SMA patients is highly beneficial for the early detection of malnutrition. Future research should highlight the importance of combining nutritional management with nusinersen therapy to potentially alter the disease trajectory, especially in motor and neurological functions.

The production of cylindrical shells with helical corrugation of the internal surface is considered. A stamp developed for this purpose is described, along with its operational principles. The basic features of the experiments are outlined. The chemical composition of the workpieces and their mechanical properties are determined. Corrugated components are produced and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although driverless technology belongs to the frontier of science and technology, there is no sufficient actual data. From the lack of a comprehensive systematic evaluation method of traffic safety under driverless penetration, considering the impact of the three core systems of driverless perception, decision-making, control, and the complex road factors on the safety of driving, we review the main risk causal factors through the analysis of the accident causal model STAMP and put forward the fusion of the Leaky Noisy-OR Gate and Bayesian network model. The Bayesian network professional analysis tool GeNIe 2.0 was used to simulate, analyze, and evaluate the driverless traffic risk Bayesian network model, which accurately assessed the traffic safety risk under driverless penetration and diagnosed and identified the sensitive risk factors. The results of this study concluded that, in order to effectively deal with the future traffic safety risks of driverless vehicles, vehicle enterprises, research institutions, software and hardware suppliers in the field of driverless driving should strengthen the research and development and manufacturing of key components such as perception, and enhance the depth of research and development of AI decision-making software, which provides a new way of thinking about the management of the safety risk of driverless traffic and a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of risk control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Bois noir' (BN) and flavescence dorèe (FD), the two main diseases of the grapevine yellows complex associated with genetically distinct phytoplasmas, have a complex epidemiology including multiple insect vectors and reservoir plants. This study investigated the presence of BN and FD phytoplasmas in nine groundcover plant species commonly utilized for inter-row vineyard green manure in Franciacorta (North Italy). The activities conducted in 2020 included monitoring and sampling groundcover plant species and symptomatic grapevines in September, and phytoplasma identification and typing by amplification and sequence analyses of stamp and map genes. Molecular analyses identified BN phytoplasma (strains carrying the stamp gene sequence variants St5, St19, St30) and FD phytoplasma (strains carrying the map gene sequence variant M54) in 72% and 28% of symptomatic grapevines, respectively. BN phytoplasma strains St5 and St30 were found also in Eruca sativa, Vicia sativa, and Polygonum fagopyrum. FD phytoplasma strain M54 was found also in Vicia faba, Trifolium incarnatum, and Polygonum fagopyrum. These results reinforced the evidence of the increasing range of BN and FD phytoplasma alternative plant hosts and suggested a criterium for the selection of the groundcover plant species utilized for green manure, excluding the ones putatively involved in BN and FD diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenicity of intracellular plant pathogenic bacteria is associated with the action of pathogenicity factors/effectors, but their physiological roles for most phytoplasma species, including 'Candidiatus Phytoplasma solani' are unknown. Six putative pathogenicity factors/effectors from six different strains of 'Ca. P. solani' were selected by bioinformatic analysis. The way in which they manipulate the host cellular machinery was elucidated by analyzing Nicotiana benthamiana leaves after Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation with the pathogenicity factor/effector constructs using confocal microscopy, pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation, and enzyme assays. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were shown to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism and the ascorbate--glutathione cycle and to induce autophagosomes. PoStoSP06, PoStoSP13, and PoStoSP28 were localized in the nucleus and cytosol. The most active effector in the processes studied was PoStoSP06. PoStoSP18 was associated with an increase in phosphoglucomutase activity, whereas PoStoSP28, previously annotated as an antigenic membrane protein StAMP, specifically interacted with phosphoglucomutase. PoStoSP04 induced only the ascorbate--glutathione cycle along with other pathogenicity factors/effectors. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were involved in reprogramming host carbohydrate metabolism in favor of phytoplasma own growth and infection. They were specifically associated with three distinct metabolic pathways leading to fructose-6-phosphate as an input substrate for glycolysis. The possible significance of autophagosome induction by PoStoSP28 is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Asciminib, a first‐in‐class, allosteric inhibitor of BCR‐ABL1 that acts by STAMP (Specifically Targeting the ABL Myristoyl Pocket), is a novel therapeutic option for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In the global, phase 3, open‐label ASCEMBL study in patients with CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP) pretreated with ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (NCT03106779), asciminib (40 mg twice‐daily) demonstrated significant superiority over the ATP‐competitive TKI bosutinib (500 mg once daily) for the primary endpoint of major molecular response (MMR; BCR::ABL1 transcript levels on the international scale [BCR::ABL1IS] ≤0.1%) at week 24. Here, we report results from a descriptive subgroup analysis of Japanese patients enrolled in ASCEMBL study (data cut‐off: May 25, 2020). Overall, 16 Japanese patients were randomized (asciminib, n = 13; bosutinib, n = 3). At week 24, the MMR rate with asciminib was 30.8% (4/13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.09–61.43). BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% and complete cytogenic response (CCyR) at week 24 were 61.5% (8/13 patients) and 50.0% (4/8 patients), respectively. In the bosutinib group, no patient achieved MMR, CCyR, or BCR::ABL1IS ≤1%, but results were limited by the low number of patients. The safety profile of asciminib was comparable to that previously observed in the overall study population. Findings from this Japanese subgroup analysis of the ASCEMBL study support the use of asciminib for the treatment of Japanese patients with CML‐CP previously treated with ≥2 TKIs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03106779.

Drop stamping of valve-type flange rod forgings is researched using computer simulation in the "QForm" software. The effect of technological parameters on the power parameters, the stress-strain state and the nature of the metal flow, the temperature over the forging cross section during stamping is clarified. The optimal dimensions of the initial billet and the geometry of the tool are determined, which provide minimal technological efforts and optimal forming conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]