954 results on '"STABILIZATION funds"'
Search Results
2. Crop Protection China Monthly Report.
- Subjects
PESTICIDES ,MARKETS ,STABILIZATION funds ,GLYPHOSATE ,PRICING - Abstract
The article analyzes trends in China's pesticide production and pricing in 2023 and H1 2024, highlighting significant growth in production amid declining prices due to overcapacity and market challenges. Topics include the stabilization and decline of key pesticide prices like glyphosate and acetochlor, factors affecting pricing trends such as supply-demand dynamics; and projections for continued downward or stable pricing in H2 2024.
- Published
- 2024
3. One Way to Help Employees Build Emergency Savings.
- Author
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Flacke, Timothy and Tufano, Peter
- Subjects
PAYROLL services ,RETIREMENT industry ,BUSINESS schools ,INDEPENDENT contractors ,STABILIZATION funds ,INDIVIDUAL retirement accounts ,GOVERNMENT policy ,HUMAN resources departments - Abstract
This article discusses a partnership between asset management firm BlackRock and non-profit organization Commonwealth to address financial insecurity in the United States. The focus of their collaboration is on creating workplace-based emergency savings programs, rather than traditional retirement savings programs. By leveraging partnerships, policy actions, research and innovation, and strategic communications, the initiative has helped over 10 million workers save $2 billion in emergency funds. The article emphasizes the importance of collaboration and infrastructure in addressing systemic challenges and highlights the potential for businesses to make a positive impact on social issues. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. Charity hoarding in a COVID-19 time of need: The role of activity-based regulation.
- Author
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Murray, Ian
- Subjects
- *
CHARITIES , *STABILIZATION funds , *CHARITY , *CHARITY laws & legislation , *COVID-19 - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for charities to expend their 'rainy day funds' now, rather than hoarding for the future. For charities lucky enough to have endowments or material investments, such as universities, philanthropic foundations and some schools and hospitals, the collapse in many investment markets and in current income may nevertheless generate reluctance to realise and utilise investments. This article examines the role of activity-based regulation in encouraging charities to spend now, when it is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
5. Sovereign Wealth Fund and Fiscal Performance: A Case of Nigeria in the Midst of Other Natural Resources Rich Countries in Africa.
- Author
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Obilikwu, James and Ibrahim, Abdulrahaman
- Subjects
SOVEREIGN wealth funds ,STABILIZATION funds ,FINANCIAL institutions ,BUSINESS revenue - Abstract
In spite of several postulations that sovereign wealth fund’s stabilization fund promotes smoothness in the fiscal performance of nations, there are contrary views that it does not. This study investigates the impact of sovereign wealth fund on fiscal performance using Nigeria and 21 other natural resources rich countries in Africa with data spinning from 2003 to 2018. The study made use of Two-Step System GMM and found that sovereign wealth funds have about 0.8 percent positive insignificant impact on the fiscal performance implying that having a sovereign wealth fund in place improves nation's fiscal performance. Consequently, the study recommends that the governments and the management of the various existing funds in Africa should put in more efforts in improving sovereign wealth fund performance; natural resources rich Africa countries without sovereign wealth fund should consider establishing theirs; and the control of corruption, strengthen of financial institutions, reduction in the cost of oil production and increase in general revenue should be taken seriously as they enhance fiscal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. LAKES AREA FOOD SHELF: New services will help neighbors gain independence.
- Author
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CASEY, MARK
- Subjects
FOOD security ,LAKES ,HOUSING ,SHELVING (Furniture) ,STABILIZATION funds ,GRANDPARENT-grandchild relationships - Abstract
The Lakes Area Food Shelf (LAFS) in Pequot Lakes is a community resource hub that provides food assistance and access to other services such as housing assistance and mental health counseling. The article emphasizes the importance of community support in addressing hunger and highlights the need for empathy and respect when assisting those in need. Donations to LAFS can be made on their website, and all donations are tax-deductible. The author describes LAFS as an example of a supportive community and provides a website for readers to subscribe for more information. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
7. Savings natural resource funds: effectiveness of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global.
- Author
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DYMITROWSKA, YANINA
- Subjects
NATURAL resources ,PENSION trusts ,STABILIZATION funds ,RESOURCE curse ,ECONOMIC policy ,NORWEGIANS - Abstract
Motivation: Many countries that are rich in natural resources struggle with the resource curse — the phenomenon of achieving worse economic development results by economies specializing in the extraction and export of natural resources. To address this problem, an explicit fiscal tool was proposed — natural resource funds. However, empirical studies on the effectiveness of resource funds conducted so far have delivered mixed and inconclusive results. Specifically, the effectiveness of savings funds, otherwise known as funds for future generations, which are a specific type of natural resource funds, is still being questioned. Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of savings natural resource funds in countries which are rich in natural resources on the example of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG). Results: The main contribution of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of GPFG as a savings fund for future generations. In order to achieve the research objective, a classification of funds was presented and the existing natural resource funds were categorized. Funds were divided into stabilization, investment and savings. The specificity of each type of fund was explained in detail. It was found that all savings funds are also investment funds, but the reverse relationship does not apply. The effectiveness of GPFG was studied considering the functions and tasks of individual fund types. The quantitative study confirmed the effectiveness of GPFG in increasing long-term investments in Norway. At the same time, the fulfillment of the stabilization function by the fund was also validated. The study confirms that the savings fund is an important economic policy measure to counteract the resource curse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. INTRODUCTION: Exchange Stabilization Fund.
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,SPECIAL drawing rights ,LOANS ,PROFESSIONAL fees ,FOREIGN investments - Abstract
The Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) was established in 1934 to stabilize the exchange value of the dollar. It operates under the control of the Secretary of the Treasury and has the approval of the President. The ESF received a $500 billion appropriation from the CARES Act in 2020, but subsequent acts rescinded a significant portion of that funding. The fund's resources include fund balance, U.S. government securities, special drawing rights, foreign currency holdings, and investments in special purpose vehicles. The fund's assets, liabilities, and net position are presented in Table ESF-1, and the statement of net cost for the current quarter and year-to-date is shown in Table ESF-2. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
9. International monetary hierarchy through emergency US-dollar liquidity: A key currency approach.
- Author
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Murau, Steffen, Pape, Fabian, and Pforr, Tobias
- Subjects
LIQUIDITY (Economics) ,CENTRAL banking industry ,HARD currencies ,MONETARY theory ,STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,INTERNATIONAL finance ,SPECIAL drawing rights - Abstract
The notion that the international monetary system is hierarchical has become increasingly common, but the nature, causes, and shape of international monetary hierarchy remain vague. In this article, we develop a monetary theory of international hierarchy based on the "key currency" approach. We perceive the international monetary system as a world-spanning payment system that is inherently hierarchical because it needs central nodes for clearing and settlement. The centrality of the US-Dollar (USD) as global key currency places the US at the apex and makes the Federal Reserve (Fed) the system's hierarchically highest institution. Other monetary jurisdictions are pushed into peripheral positions and rely on both using and creating USD-denominated credit money instruments "offshore." Based on this approach, we explain international monetary hierarchy through different mechanisms to supply emergency USD liquidity from the Fed to non-US central banks. Currently, there are three different public mechanisms for non-US central banks to access the Fed's balance sheet and attain emergency USD liquidity. The first-layer periphery may receive emergency USD liquidity via the Fed's central bank swap lines. The second-layer periphery can make use of the Fed's new repo facility for Foreign and International Monetary Authorities to access emergency USD liquidity. The residual mechanism for the third-layer periphery to access emergency USD liquidity is the Special Drawing Rights system, administered by the International Monetary Fund, in which the Exchange Stabilization Fund acts as gatekeeper for the Fed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Saving for Natural Disasters: Evidence From Pennsylvania Local Governments.
- Author
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Arapis, Theodore and Chatterjee, Vaswati
- Subjects
NATURAL disasters ,PREPAREDNESS ,LOCAL government ,EMERGENCY management ,STABILIZATION funds ,DISASTER relief - Abstract
For all governments—federal, state, or local—natural disasters impose significant costs. Among the three, local governments typically respond first using their own resources. Thus, a proactive fiscal mechanism providing resources for initiating disaster response (e.g., emergency debris removal, medical services, rescue) appears necessary, especially for governments vulnerable to disasters. This study explores the role of natural disasters on fiscal savings strategy using data collected by Pennsylvania municipal executives via our Pandemic Management Survey. Following our findings, Pennsylvania local governments appear to weigh both their experiences and preparedness level to face a disaster. While more disaster experiences motivated fiscal savings accumulation, lower savings were retained among prepared governments. As such, disaster learning and adaptation not only could limit loss of life and property, but also lead to an efficient fiscal savings strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Die Wirkung der Gaspreisbremse auf Inflation und fiskalische Kosten: eine Abschätzung.
- Author
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Garnadt, Niklas, Nöh, Lukas, Salzmann, Leonard, and Schaffranka, Claudia
- Subjects
ECONOMIC stabilization ,GAS prices ,PRICE inflation ,PRICE regulation ,MONETARY policy ,STABILIZATION funds ,MARKET volatility ,FISCAL year ,SPOT prices - Abstract
Copyright of Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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12. 9 strata myths busted.
- Author
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WATSON, TOM
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL management ,HIGH-rise apartment buildings ,STABILIZATION funds ,ELECTRONIC voting ,CORPORATE directors - Abstract
This article discusses common misconceptions and myths about living in strata communities in Australia. It highlights the confusion surrounding the terms "strata" and "owners corporation," clarifies that strata schemes can include various types of properties, explains the process of renovating in a strata community, emphasizes that by-laws can be changed, debunks the myth that owners must vote in person at meetings, explains that strata levies vary depending on the building's amenities, dispels the notion that cheap levies are always positive, mentions that tenants can participate in strata committee meetings, and challenges the belief that strata communities are always in conflict. The article also provides pros and cons of being on a strata committee and offers tips for finding the right strata manager. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
13. Optimal fiscal management in an economy with resource revenue‐financed government‐linked companies.
- Author
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Lim, King Yoong and Zhang, Shuonan
- Subjects
SOVEREIGN wealth funds ,BUSINESS cycles ,STABILIZATION funds ,RESOURCE management ,ECONOMIES of scale ,RESOURCE allocation ,FISCAL policy ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
We present a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which a resource‐rich government allocates its excess resource rents between a resource stabilization fund and the facilitation of costly domestic fund‐raising activities of sovereign wealth funds (SWF), which holds a portfolio of government‐linked companies (GLCs). Despite being less productive efficient, GLCs' operation benefits from scale economies tied to the resource sector: its profitability is procyclical to commodity shocks. The model is estimated to Malaysia using the Bayesian approach, with the results suggesting a business cycle heavily influenced by resource shocks. Based on this, we solve numerically for a socially optimal combination of excess resource savings allocation. We find the present allocation to be sub‐optimal, regardless of the structural shocks. This suggests that the Malaysian economy might have hit its absorptive capacity constraint (i.e., a domestic economy saturated by GLCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Is it worth overpaying and how do you do it? We asked the experts.
- Author
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Saines, Kate
- Subjects
FIXED rate mortgages ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
This article discusses the benefits and considerations of making overpayments on your mortgage. It explains that overpaying can help reduce your loan balance and prepare you for future increases in repayments. The article also mentions that overpaying can lead to significant interest savings and potentially pay off your mortgage earlier. However, it cautions readers to be aware of early repayment charges and the potential difficulty of accessing overpaid funds in the future. The article suggests considering alternatives to overpaying, such as putting money into a savings account or exploring offset mortgages. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
15. Community Pantry, ECQ, and Social Distancing: Linguistic Innovations in Philippine English During the Covid-19 Health Crisis.
- Author
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Ibe Santos, Rafael
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SEMANTICS ,ISOLATION (Hospital care) ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
This paper is an attempt to chronicle some of the linguistic innovations in Philippine English (PhE) from the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 all the way to the third quarter of 2022 and gather impressions about their origins, functions, surge in usage, and images conjured. Additionally, the study considered the implications of the modifications on the evolution of PhE, which is thought to be between phase 3 and 4 in Schneider’s Dynamic Model of the Evolution of New Englishes. Of the changes in morphology, semantics, and syntax that were uncovered, the seven variations were mostly compound words, acronysms, and initialisms. Findings show that acronysms and initialisms represented formal language usage. Introduced by communities of practice within the government, the innovations served Covid-related communication needs such as labels for isolation terms and welfare assistance programs, made popular at the height of the pandemic between March and May 2020. A number of the neologisms projected images of war and militarism as well as poverty. The phrase community pantry, which was used widely between April and June 2021, became polysemous and localized to embody the bayanihan (community) spirit. This study concurs with earlier findings that the local variety appears to be experiencing endonormative stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
16. ASK PAUL.
- Author
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PAUL
- Subjects
HOME ownership ,LOANS ,WAGES ,INTEREST rates ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
As you know, it pays 30% tax and funds are available tax free after 10 years. If you are not confident about the returns, which means a lack of confidence in the manager's investment team, it is probably worth the tax hit. Sure, you get a different manager, but if one of these monster funds fails, it won't be management, it will be a collapse in asset values … and they all own pretty much the same type of assets in the same percentages. It is certainly a tax hit to pull your money out inside this period, so I'd be taking a hard look at the new manager and its investment strategy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
17. The fiscal effects of U.S. State budget stabilization funds (BSFs): evidence from a meta-analysis.
- Author
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Wang, Qiushi, Peng, Jun, Guan, Zhen, and Xiao, Yan
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,BUDGET ,STATE governments - Abstract
A budget stabilization fund (BSF) is an important fiscal instrument for states to stabilize their budgets, but studies have found varying results regarding its impact. We conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether and under what conditions BSFs can serve as an effective countercyclical tool. By synthesizing a total of 540 effect sizes from 23 original studies, we find that on average, BSFs have a moderate positive effect on government savings and a small negative effect on fiscal stress. Additionally, strict withdrawal rules seem to attenuate the positive relationship between BSFs and government savings, and compromise the negative relationship between BSFs and fiscal stress. The presence of budget balance requirements, party conflict and some other environmental factors may also moderate the BSF-savings and BSF-stress relationships. This research contributes to the BSF literature and provides useful policy recommendations for state governments to consider when designing or revising their BSF legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Surviving the Black Swan Event: How Much Reserves Should Nonprofit Organizations Hold?
- Author
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Irvin, Renée A. and Furneaux, Craig W.
- Subjects
- *
BLACK swan theory , *NONPROFIT organizations , *OPERATING costs , *STABILIZATION funds , *MILITARY reserve forces - Abstract
Organizational survival is a primary current focus, as the unforeseen economic effects of the pandemic ravage the civil sector. Over time, however, we turn to questions of resilience: How can organizations prepare for rare, but devastating, financial shocks? Three months of funds to cover operating expenses are often described as a suitable savings target. However, organizations differ greatly in their revenue volatility, which suggests that "3 months" may severely underestimate the reserves that certain organizations should hold. We measure revenue volatility and calculate reserve fund targets for 25 nonprofit subsectors, showing sharp differences in optimal savings levels ranging up to 1 year of total expenses. We also explore organizational characteristics associated with revenue volatility. We argue for a resilience strategy that goes beyond optimizing the contents of the revenue portfolio. Funders and nonprofit practitioners should consider the broader context of financial resilience that includes correctly sized reserves as a stabilizing force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Fiscal Slack, Rule Constraints, and Government Corruption.
- Subjects
POLITICAL corruption ,STABILIZATION funds ,BUREAUCRACY ,CIVIL service ,EMBEZZLEMENT - Abstract
This article examines the effect of fiscal slack on government corruption using the US states in the period from 1998 to 2012 as a research sample. Fiscal slack in the US states is commonly referred to as "rainy day funds" (RDFs), which are intended as countercyclical reserve funds for government‐wide purposes. Theoretically, bureaucracy models predict that fiscal slack might catalyze the embezzlement or misuse behaviors of bureaucrats, who are considered to be budget maximizers. However, formally established and rules‐bound RDFs may function as a "strongbox" that curbs officials' discretionary power, reduces uncertainty in fiscal slack management, and ultimately restrains embezzlement and misuse behaviors. Empirically, we use the incidences and durations of natural hazards as instrumental variables for RDF balances to address the potential endogeneity problems. We find that state RDFs help reduce government corruption, especially when they are regulated by relatively looser deposit rules and stricter withdrawal rules. Evidence for Practice: State RDFs function as a "strongbox" for governments' unspent budgetary resources and negatively affect the degree of government corruption.A one‐standard‐deviation increase in per capita RDF balances reduces corruption‐related convicted officials per million population by approximately 3 or, measured in an alternative way, reduces corruption‐related convicted officials per thousand government employees by approximately 44–50.The efficacy of state RDFs in curbing government corruption is contingent on the associated rules of operation. Specifically, RDFs bound by relatively looser deposit rules and stricter withdrawal rules reduce government corruption to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Natural Resource Funds: Their Objectives and Effectiveness.
- Author
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Taguchi, Hiroyuki and Ganbayar, Javkhlan
- Abstract
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of natural resource funds in resource-rich countries according to funds' objectives via an econometric method using panel data (ordinary least squares estimator with fixed-effect model and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator). The main contribution of this study is demonstrating fund-specific evaluation. To this end, it classifies funds into three types based on their objectives—stabilization, investment, and savings funds—and evaluates the effectiveness of each fund type by each criterion corresponding to an objective. The econometric estimations identify the effectiveness of stabilization funds in reducing the volatility of government expenditure and the primary balance, as well as the effectiveness of investment funds in increasing investment rates. They also confirm the facilitation of funds' effectiveness under a combination of funds' operations and high governance. The econometric analysis also shows that the operation of stabilization funds reduces the volatility of government expenditure by 13.6%, and their operation under high governance reduces it by 33.2%; meanwhile, the operation of investment funds increases the investment rate by 9.8%, and their operation with high governance raises it by 46.8%. Their practical implications are that the fiscal smoothing under stabilization funds provides a counter-cyclical buffer to mitigate commodity price shocks, thereby contributing to macroeconomic stabilization, and that the increase in investment rates under investment funds alleviates the Dutch disease effect, thereby sustaining economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Inventing Ivana.
- Author
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Seal, Mark
- Subjects
EARRINGS ,INAUGURATION of United States presidents ,WEDDINGS ,REAL estate developers ,MODELS (Persons) ,PRENUPTIAL agreements ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
Ivana restored the couple's new home, Marjorie Merriweather Post's gargantuan 118-room Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, as well as Trump Princess, the 282-foot yacht Trump purchased from the Sultan of Brunei for $30 million in 1987. Ivana not only loved Trump, she was tethered to Trump, so tightly that he would tell Oprah Winfrey in a joint interview, "We get along very well…because ultimately Ivana does exactly as I tell her to do." Ivana did the cover of Vogue!" Trailed by paparazzi and Trump's "killer lawyers" in the midst of her bloody divorce, she rushes breathlessly into the studio of the photographer Patrick Demarchelier, who is waiting alongside famed hairstylist Maury Hopson, makeup artist Vincent Longo, and creative director André Leon Talley - all gathered to style and shoot Ivana for the May 1990 cover of Vogue. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
22. INTRODUCTION: Exchange Stabilization Fund.
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,SPECIAL drawing rights ,LOANS ,LIABILITIES (Accounting) ,FOREIGN exchange rates - Published
- 2022
23. Economic Reform, Fiscal Rules, and the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Test Model. Evidence from the United Arab Emirates.
- Author
-
Dakhlallah, Kassim M.
- Subjects
FISCAL policy ,ECONOMIC reform ,FOREIGN exchange reserves ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,FINANCIAL statistics ,FOREIGN exchange rates - Abstract
13 An increase in regressor I x i SB I t i sb is represented as HT ht and a decrease is represented as HT ht . Moreover, unlike the vector autoregressive (VAR) model, the NARDL allows including a mix of endogenous and exogenous variables and captures the positive and negative changes in the regressors, where HT ht and HT ht are the partial positive (+) and partial negative (-) ([25]). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Debt-Limit Tensions Seen Easing as Red Wave Boosts Odds of a Deal.
- Author
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Harris, Alexandra
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT debt limit ,INVESTORS ,PUBLIC debts ,SHORT-term debt ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
The article discusses how a potentially unified US government could lead to an agreement to suspend or lift the debt ceiling before the Treasury Department's borrowing authority is exhausted. Wall Street strategists believe that with Republicans gaining control, a deal is more likely to be reached in the second quarter of the year. The timing of the resolution is crucial for the market, as delays could lead to market dislocations. The Treasury is expected to deplete some of its extraordinary measures and cash balance to comply with legislation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
25. Asian markets settle mixed on Wednesday.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT securities ,STOCK prices ,STABILIZATION funds ,STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
Chinese shares rose after reports emerged that the government may deploy as much as 2 trillion yuan of special treasury bonds to establish a stock market stabilization fund [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
26. China Think Tank Urges $281 Billion Bonds for Stability Fund.
- Author
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Wong, Foster
- Subjects
BLUE chip stocks ,GOVERNMENT securities ,STOCK funds ,STABILIZATION funds ,ECONOMIC stimulus - Abstract
A top Chinese government think tank has recommended issuing $281 billion in special government bonds to establish a market stabilization fund. The fund would focus on promoting market stability by trading blue-chip stocks and exchange-traded funds. This proposal is part of a broader stimulus effort to boost equities and the economy, with the People's Bank of China implementing various programs to support listed companies and investors. Despite a recent rally, Chinese stocks have seen a slight decline, prompting discussions on additional measures to maintain market stability. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
27. Trump's Bid to Weaken Dollar Would Face Hurdles, JPMorgan Says.
- Author
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Johnson, Carter
- Subjects
CAPITAL controls ,FOREIGN exchange intervention (Monetary policy) ,TARIFF ,STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,COMMERCIAL policy ,TARIFF preferences - Abstract
According to JPMorgan Chase & Co., a second Donald Trump administration's efforts to weaken the dollar could face obstacles due to an independent Federal Reserve and lack of cooperation from other countries. While Trump and his running mate, JD Vance, desire a cheaper dollar, this conflicts with his trade policy preferences. However, JPMorgan suggests that a Trump administration could still pursue policies to weaken the dollar, despite reservations from the economics profession. The US president has tools, such as the US Treasury's Exchange Stabilization Fund, to influence exchange rates independently, but the cooperation of the Federal Reserve is uncertain. Sterilized intervention has had mixed results in the past, and efforts to depreciate the dollar against major global currencies like the euro and yen would be complicated. Additionally, attempts to depreciate the dollar against China's yuan would be challenging due to China's capital controls and offshore currency regime. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
28. Yuan Strengthens Past 7 Per Dollar for First Time Since May 2023.
- Subjects
INVESTORS ,REAL estate sales ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,STABILIZATION funds ,FOREIGN banking industry ,CAPITAL movements - Abstract
The yuan has strengthened past 7 per dollar for the first time in 16 months, as investors react to measures to support the Chinese economy and the recent Federal Reserve rate cut. The offshore yuan rose to 6.9951 per dollar, marking a 4% rebound from its low in July. The currency's gains may continue if the weakening dollar prompts Chinese exporters to convert their dollar holdings into the local currency. However, analysts caution that sustained gains may depend on improvements in China's data and property market. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. Chinese Stocks Extend Gains on Continued Stimulus Optimism.
- Subjects
STOCK prices ,INVESTORS ,STOCK funds ,STABILIZATION funds ,STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
Chinese stocks have continued to rise as investors remain optimistic about the impact of Beijing's stimulus measures on the market. The Hang Seng China Enterprises Index increased by 3.4%, with companies like New Oriental Education & Technology Group Inc. and Li Ning Co. leading the way. The People's Bank of China has announced plans to establish a swap facility that will allow securities firms, funds, and insurance companies to access funds for purchasing equities. Analysts believe that these measures will benefit Chinese equity markets and investors, as well as the Asian segment of the emerging markets universe. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. China Markets Euro Bond in Test of Sentiment Amid Stimulus Blitz.
- Author
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Zhou, Wei
- Subjects
INTEREST rates ,INVESTORS ,LOANS ,STABILIZATION funds ,ECONOMIC stimulus - Abstract
China has begun marketing its first euro-denominated bond in three years, as it seeks to revive its slowing economy. The Ministry of Finance is offering the bond in two parts, with a three-year tenor and a seven-year portion. The proceeds from the bond will be used for general governmental purposes. This move comes after China implemented several stimulus measures, including lowering interest rates and providing more cash for banks, in an effort to boost its economy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Hong Kong Stock Rally Likely Driven by Short Covering, JPM Says.
- Author
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Cheng, John
- Subjects
HANG Seng Index ,BANK loans ,STOCK funds ,STOCKS (Finance) ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
According to JPMorgan Chase & Co., the recent rally in Hong Kong stocks may have been driven by short covering, following China's announcement of monetary stimulus measures. The short sales ratio in the city decreased to 13.6% on Tuesday, indicating that many shorts have already been covered. While the stimulus measures have boosted the Chinese equity market, there are concerns about the sustainability of the rally. JPMorgan has a base-case target for the MSCI China Index and CSI 300 Index by the end of the year, implying a 4.4% upside for the onshore benchmark. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. Five Key Takeaways as China Unveils Stimulus to Boost Economy.
- Author
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Kennedy, Adrian
- Subjects
CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,LOANS ,MERGERS & acquisitions ,BOND prices ,STABILIZATION funds ,MORTGAGE rates - Abstract
China has announced new measures to boost its economy, including a cut in the reserve requirement ratio, policy rate, and mortgage rates. The People's Bank of China will also provide at least 500 billion yuan ($71 billion) of liquidity support for stocks. Additionally, there are plans to encourage mergers and acquisitions and improve regulatory oversight. While analysts welcome the stimulus, they caution that it may not be enough to revive consumer spending or the housing market. The announcements have led to a rise in stocks and a decrease in bond yields. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. China Adds a Touch of Showbiz to Its Stimulus.
- Author
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Moss, Daniel
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in China ,ECONOMIC conditions in Asia ,INTEREST rates ,STABILIZATION funds ,COVID-19 pandemic - Published
- 2024
34. State Budgets Back to 'Normal' After Covid Boom-Bust, Fitch Says.
- Author
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Adler, Maxwell
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,BUDGET ,STABILIZATION funds ,CREDIT ratings ,SCHOOL choice - Abstract
According to Fitch Ratings, US states are returning to normal economic growth after the volatility and strong growth experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. State budgets saw a significant increase due to robust tax collections, federal pandemic funding, and spending volatility. However, most states are now anticipating slower revenue growth in fiscal 2025, leading to lower spending commitments and fewer major tax-policy changes. While states like California and Maryland were fiscally prudent by setting aside surpluses, officials are still facing challenges such as rising costs, migration, and school choice programs. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
35. South Korea to Cut FX Stabilization Fund by Record in 2025.
- Author
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Eom, Jaehyun
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL finance ,INVESTORS ,STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,SHORT-term debt ,FOREIGN exchange reserves - Abstract
South Korea plans to reduce the size of its foreign exchange stabilization fund by over 30% in 2025, the largest cut in the fund's history. Despite this reduction, the government believes the fund will still be sufficient to protect the value of the won. The decision comes after the South Korean currency experienced a 3.7% decline against the US dollar this year, making it the second-worst performing currency in Asia. Economists suggest that the impact of the reduction will be minimal, as South Korea's foreign exchange reserves are more than three times its short-term external debt. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. South Korea to Cut FX Stabilization Fund by a Record in 2025.
- Author
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Eom, Jaehyun
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL finance ,STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,U.S. dollar - Abstract
South Korea plans to reduce the size of its foreign exchange stabilization fund by over 30% in 2025, which would be a record amount. However, the government assures that the fund will still be sufficient to defend the won. The decision comes after the South Korean currency has performed poorly against the US dollar this year. The government believes that the reduction in the fund's size does not necessarily mean a reduction in its ability to respond to the foreign exchange market. The fund's size will be cut to 140.3 trillion won ($104.6 billion) in 2025, reflecting the largest reduction since its establishment in 1967. The government has been concerned about the volatility of the won this year and has taken measures to monitor exchange rate movements. The government's decision to reduce the fund's size was reported earlier by Korea Economic Daily. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. State fiscal reserves: Supplementation and substitution over economic boom and bust years.
- Author
-
Buerger, Christian, Reitano, Vincent, and Sorrentino, Ciana
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,BUSINESS cycles ,U.S. state budgets ,DIETARY supplements ,GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 ,DEPOSIT insurance ,STUDENT exchange programs - Abstract
During the Great Recession and the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, practitioners and scholars alike looked to fiscal reserves as a means to overcome fiscal pressure on state budgets. This study builds on the literature exploring the association between budget stabilization funds and unassigned and unreserved balances (UUBs) during economic booms and busts and under different institutional settings. We find that BSFs supplement UUBs during economic booms and substitute for them during economic busts. Institutional rules strongly influence the relationship between both saving instruments. Applications for practice: We find that budget stabilization funds supplement unassigned and unreserved balances during times of economic prosperity and substitute them during economic declines. We provide evidence that strict deposit and withdrawal rules enhance the relationship between the business cycle and savings. Strict caps on budget stabilization funds decrease supplementation effects.We introduce replenishment rules to the study of budget stabilization funds. These rules lead to strong supplementation effects after money has been transferred out of the stabilization fund, but decrease supplementation effects during all other time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Insurance Pluses and Pitfalls: Have a plan to weather unexpected veterinary bills.
- Subjects
PET health insurance ,HEALTH insurance policies ,INSURANCE ,WEATHER ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
The article discusses the benefits and drawbacks of pet health insurance for cats. It emphasizes the increasing cost of veterinary care and the potential financial burden it can place on pet owners. The article advises readers to carefully review insurance policies, considering factors such as coverage for accidents and illnesses, exclusions, preexisting conditions, and limitations on coverage. It also provides tips for saving money on insurance premiums and emphasizes the importance of having a plan in place to afford veterinary fees. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Insurance Pluses and Pitfalls: Have a plan to weather unexpected veterinary bills.
- Subjects
PET health insurance ,HEALTH insurance policies ,INSURANCE ,WEATHER ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
The article discusses the benefits and drawbacks of pet health insurance for cats. It emphasizes the increasing cost of veterinary care and the potential financial burden it can place on pet owners. The article advises readers to carefully review insurance policies, considering factors such as coverage for accidents and illnesses, exclusions, preexisting conditions, and limitations on coverage. It also provides tips for saving money on insurance premiums and emphasizes the importance of having a plan in place to afford veterinary fees. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
40. Evidence of Sustained Russian Corporate Growth despite International Liquidity and Trade Shocks.
- Author
-
Vanteeva, Nadia and Hickson, Charles
- Subjects
CORPORATE growth ,STABILIZATION funds ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,GOVERNMENT lending ,ECONOMIC equilibrium - Abstract
This paper employs an institutional perspective as part of our approach to measure long-run performance of Russia's largest firms. Our dataset is based on financial information on Russia's fifty largest and most prominent firms, from 1998 to 2016. Our results indicate that such firms benefited from long-term government lending, particularly in the aftermath of financial and terms-of-trade crises. While recognizing the important role played by Russia's Stabilization Fund, we argue that Russia efficaciously adapted its institutional framework to ensure that Stabilization funds maintained industrial and economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Charter Schools Have Rainy Days Too! But Are They Ready for When It Pours?
- Author
-
Arapis, Theodore and Brandon, Sean
- Subjects
CHARTER schools ,SPECIAL education ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
Nearly 30 years since their inception in the United States, charter schools are now a well-established educational option for parents and students. Although they are an important education provider schooling more than 3.1 million students nationwide, we know little about their ability to accumulate fiscal savings for weathering rainy days and sustaining smooth service. Unlike most other fiscal savings studies focusing on the unrestricted fund balance, we examine both restricted and unrestricted fund balances across Pennsylvania charter schools, this study's unit of analysis. Using a Newey-West regression and data spanning the years 2011–2019, we show that charter schools consider all fund balance classifications when making savings decisions; albeit the unrestricted was their primary savings vehicle. Given their limited revenue portfolio, they are left with only a few options for accumulating fiscal savings. Surplus from tuition payments and additional revenues from private funding sources appear as main fund balance boosters. Surprisingly, special education enrollment significantly increases the unrestricted fund balance, a finding that requires further attention from legislators and policy makers. Concerns are also raised about participation in the state pension system as it absorbs a significant amount of slack that otherwise could be used for other purposes. Overall, most charter schools retain inadequate fiscal savings not capable of insulating their operation from revenue volatility and other contingencies. Statutory fund balance minimums and the adoption of formal fund balance policies articulating how savings are accumulated, used, and replenished should, therefore, be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. TSMC Drags Down Taiwan as Index Suffers Worst Day in 57 Years.
- Author
-
Yang, Charlotte and Hou, Betty
- Subjects
JAPANESE yen ,STABILIZATION funds ,BEAR markets ,INTEREST rates ,STOCK price indexes - Abstract
Taiwan's benchmark stock index, the Taiex gauge, experienced its worst selloff since 1967, dropping 8.4% in Taipei. The decline was led by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., which saw a record daily decline of 9.8%. This selloff reflects a shift in sentiment from optimism about artificial intelligence to concerns about a US recession and disappointing earnings outlooks. Japan and South Korea also experienced significant drops in their stock markets, highlighting the vulnerability of export-oriented companies in these countries. Traders are selling risk assets and turning to safe-haven investments like Treasuries and the yen. The Japanese currency has risen 13% this quarter, leading to an unwinding of the yen carry trade and a broader selloff of assets funded by the cheap currency. The Taiwanese Finance Ministry will closely monitor the situation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
43. TSMC Leads Taiwan Slump, as Index Suffers Worst Day in 57 Years.
- Author
-
Yang, Charlotte
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,RECESSIONS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,STOCK price indexes ,DOMESTIC markets - Abstract
Taiwan's benchmark stock index, the Taiex gauge, experienced its largest decline since 1967, dropping 8.4% due to concerns about a potential US economic slowdown. The selloff was led by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., a major AI-chipmaker, which saw a 9.8% plunge. This shift in sentiment reflects a move away from optimism about artificial intelligence and towards worries about a US recession and disappointing earnings forecasts from companies like Intel Corp. The Finance Ministry has stated that it will closely monitor both domestic and international markets. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. Maha CM urges Centre to speed up Marathwada Water Grid Project for river linking.
- Subjects
CHIEF ministers ,RAILROAD design & construction ,HIGH speed trains ,STABILIZATION funds ,PRICES - Abstract
Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde has urged the Indian government to expedite the Marathwada Water Grid project for river linking in order to make the Marathwada region drought-free. Shinde emphasized the need to use rainwater in the Konkan region judiciously and increase irrigation. He also requested the Centre's assistance in accelerating river linking projects in the state. The Chief Minister outlined various river linking projects, including the diversion of water from west-flow rivers to the Godavari basin, which would benefit farmers and citizens in multiple districts. Shinde also raised concerns about onion procurement, soybean prices, milk adulteration, and the development of Mumbai Port Trust land. Additionally, he called for the approval of the Thane metro project and the Pune Nashik Semi High-Speed Railway Project, among others. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
45. States to Slash Spending at Fastest Pace Since Great Recession.
- Author
-
Querolo, Nic
- Subjects
GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 ,BUDGET deficits ,STABILIZATION funds ,U.S. state budgets ,TAX cuts ,INCOME tax - Abstract
US states are expected to reduce their budgets, marking a shift towards more moderate levels of spending after years of growth and tax cuts. Total general-fund spending is projected to decrease by approximately 6% to $1.2 trillion in fiscal 2025, compared to the previous fiscal year. These cuts are a departure from the high levels of spending fueled by one-time federal aid, which states used for infrastructure, pension liabilities, and taxpayer rebates. While some states are planning to increase spending, others are implementing cuts to address deficits. Additionally, many states have taken advantage of financial flexibility to implement tax cuts. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
46. Muni Market Faces Early Credit Problems as Covid Aid Sunsets.
- Author
-
Singh, Shruti Date
- Subjects
BOND market ,COVID-19 ,MUNICIPAL bonds ,CREDIT ratings ,STABILIZATION funds ,PUBLIC finance - Abstract
The $4 trillion municipal bond market is experiencing early credit problems as federal pandemic aid comes to an end, leading to expectations that the rate of rating upgrades will decrease. Revenue growth is slowing, and states like California are seeing drops in tax and fee collections. While a significant decline in credit quality is not expected, there may be some sector-specific challenges, such as in higher education. However, sectors like airports and essential service providers are showing strength. The Federal Reserve is working to avoid weakening the economy, and credit rating upgrades are expected to slow as federal stimulus funding decreases. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
47. Muni Market Faces Early Credit Problems as Federal Aid Sunsets.
- Author
-
Singh, Shruti Date
- Subjects
BOND market ,FEDERAL aid ,MUNICIPAL bonds ,PUBLIC finance ,FEDERAL aid to education ,CREDIT ratings ,STABILIZATION funds - Abstract
The $4 trillion municipal bond market is experiencing early signs of credit pressure as federal pandemic aid comes to an end. Revenue growth is slowing, and states like California are seeing drops in tax and fee collections. While a significant decline in credit quality is not expected, there may be some sector-specific challenges, such as in higher education. However, sectors like airports and essential service providers are showing strength. The Federal Reserve is working to avoid weakening the economy, and credit rating upgrades are expected to normalize in 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
48. INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS: EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND: ESF-1--Balance Sheet.
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,LOANS ,ACCOUNTS receivable - Abstract
The document titled "INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS: EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND: ESF-1--Balance Sheet" provides a balance sheet for the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) as of December 31, 2023, and March 31, 2024. The balance sheet includes information on assets, liabilities, and net position. The ESF holds various assets, including U.S. dollars, U.S. government securities, special drawing rights (SDR) holdings, economic recovery program loans receivable, economic recovery program investments, and foreign exchange and securities. The liabilities include debt, accrued interest payable, and other liabilities. The net position includes funds from dedicated collections, funds from other than dedicated collections, and cumulative results of operations. The total liabilities and net position for the ESF are provided as well. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
49. INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS: EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND: ESF-2--Statement of Net Cost.
- Subjects
STABILIZATION funds ,EXCHANGE traded funds ,SPECIAL drawing rights ,PROFESSIONAL fees ,COST ,NATIONAL currencies - Abstract
The document titled "INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS: EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND: ESF-2--Statement of Net Cost" provides a table showing the net cost of operations for the Exchange Stabilization Fund and the Economic Recovery Program. The table includes figures for the current quarter (Jan. 1, 2024, through Mar. 31, 2024) and the fiscal year to date (Oct. 1, 2023, through Mar. 31, 2024). It breaks down the costs and revenues related to various aspects, such as interest expenses, losses on currency valuation, and gains on investments. The document also includes a note explaining the valuation technique used for Special Drawing Rights. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
50. INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS: EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND: Introduction--Exchange Stabilization Fund.
- Subjects
EXCHANGE traded funds ,STABILIZATION funds ,SPECIAL drawing rights ,LOANS ,FOREIGN investments ,CORONAVIRUS Aid, Relief & Economic Security Act (U.S.) - Abstract
The Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) was established to stabilize the exchange value of the dollar. It was authorized by the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 and operates under the control of the Secretary of the Treasury with approval from the President. The ESF received a $500 billion appropriation from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) in 2020, but subsequent acts rescinded a significant portion of that funding. The fund's resources include fund balance, U.S. government securities, special drawing rights (SDRs), foreign currency holdings, and investments in special purpose vehicles. The fund's assets, liabilities, and net position are presented in Table ESF-1, and net cost from operations is shown in Table ESF-2. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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