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• Four common latent heat functional fluids are described and compared. • Summarizes the current methods for determining the stability of PCMEs. • The mechanism and solution to the stability of PCMEs are analyzed. • The mechanism, inhibition method and research on PCME supercooling are concluded. • An overview of the latest research progress of PCMEs in various fields. As the global environment continues to deteriorate and temperatures gradually rise, it has been realized that the utilization of renewable energy is one of the most effective measures to mitigate global warming. Thermal energy storage plays a crucial role in the energy mix, and phase change materials are among the most significant and effective methods of thermal energy utilization. Phase change material emulsions, as fluid-phase phase change materials, play a significant role in thermal energy storage and heat transfer. However, issues related to stability and supercooling hinder the practical application of phase change material emulsions. Consequently, this paper explores the current research status of stability and supercooling mechanisms and technologies. Firstly, this paper provides a brief overview of the fundamental concepts of phase change material emulsions. Then, it addresses the challenges related to controlling the stability of phase change material emulsions and the issue of significant supercooling. The paper elaborates on relevant research findings in detail, mechanisms, evaluation criteria, and potential solutions. Finally, the paper outlines the research progress of phase change material emulsions in the fields of solar energy, construction, and thermal management, demonstrating their potential to advance renewable energy and various industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lengthy preparation times and the laborious process of determining their thermophysical properties have directed nanofluid studies towards artificial intelligence-supported modeling efforts. Moreover, these modeling studies have primarily focused on thermal conductivity and viscosity. In this study, considering the often neglected aspects of stability and electrical conductivity in nanofluid research, an artificial neural network model was developed to predict the pH, electrical conductivity, and zeta potential of MgO/EG nanofluids within a mass ratio range of 0.1%-3% and a temperature range of 20°C-70°C. The MSE and R2 values of the developed model are 0.011118 and 0.99987, respectively, while the mean absolute percentage deviations (MAPD) for pH, electrical conductivity, and zeta potential are determined to be 0.11%, 0.78%, and 0.74%, respectively. These performance parameters revealed that the developed network is high-performance. Additionally, for the first time in the literature, a common correlation with different coefficients for these three properties was established using the model data. The new correlation has mean absolute percentage deviations of 0.35%, 2.08%, and 1.54% for pH, electrical conductivity, and zeta potential, respectively. These values, which reveal the absolute % error values with experimental data, reveal the high accuracy prediction ability of the new correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, artificial intelligence-based modeling studies have been attempted to overcome the reliance on experimental results in nanofluid research. These modeling studies have mainly focused on the fundamental thermal properties of nanofluids, namely thermal conductivity and viscosity, while stability, which is one of the most important properties for nanofluids, has often been neglected. In this study, experimental data for TiO2 nanofluid has been utilized to model thermal conductivity and viscosity values using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The performance metrics of the ANN model, MSE (Mean Squared Error), and R (Correlation Coefficient), are 4,2484E-06 and 0,99982, respectively. Using the model results, correlations have been established temperature, mass ratio, and pH variables for the thermal conductivity and viscosity properties of nanofluids. The deviation rates of the proposed correlations from the experimental values are within the range of ± 3,5% for thermal conductivity and ± 9% for viscosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the thermal stability of certain phytochemicals in molasses at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C throughout 6 to 168 hours. Additionally, the chemical makeup of Kiraz (KCLM) and Fındık (FCLM) cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis L.) fruits, as well as their molasses, was examined. The two molasses compositions were different due to the type of fruit used. The soluble dry matter (SDM) and dry matter (TDM) of the molasses ranged from 68.0-68.2% and 72.3-73.1%, respectively. The FCLM had higher values for titratable acidity (TA) (1.201%), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (22.72 mg/kg), Vitamin C (66.83 mg/100 g), phenolics (TP) (5359 mg GAE/100 g), anthocyanin (ACN) (45.27 mg/kg), DPPHRSA (80%), antioxidant capacity (AC) (33.74 µg TE/g), Hunter L* (31.34), a* (0.96), b* (-0.59), and browning level (BL) (15.20) compared to KCLM. The ANOVA results showed that cultivars, temperature, and storing time significantly affected phytochemicals and physicochemical properties (P <0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Française de Géotechnique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans un régime de ciblage monétaire la capacité de la politique monétaire à influer sur le niveau général des prix suppose l’observance de deux hypothèses, d’un côté, l’existence d’une relation stable entre l’offre de monnaie et la base monétaire via le multiplicateur monétaire , et de l’autre côté l’existence de la stabilité de la vitesse de circulation de la monnaie. Cependant, en présence de l’instabilité de la vitesse de circulation monétaire les impulsions monétaires ne permettent pas d’assurer la stabilité du niveau général des prix. La vitesse de la circulation de la monnaie étant inobservable, à l’aide de l’équation quantitative de la monnaie, on montre qu’à défaut d’être observée, la vitesse de circulation de la monnaie peut être appréhendée par l’existence d’une relation de cointégration entre l’offre de monnaie, du niveau général des prix et du PIB réel. Le résultat du test de la stabilité conjoncturelle et structurelle obtenu à l’aide du modèle ARDL indique que de 1997 à 2022, la vitesse de circulation de la monnaie en RDC a été stable. Ce résultat conforte le point de vue de tenants du ciblage monétaire comme stratégies dans l’obtention et le maintien de la stabilité du niveau général des prix.

Introduction : Le captopril est indiqué dans le traitement de l'hypertension chronique et l’insuffisance cardiaque chronique chez les enfants. L’absence de forme orale liquide avec autorisation de mise sur le maché limite l’accessibilité des patients pédiatriques à ce médicament. La présente étude avait pour objectif de mettre au point des poudres pour solution orale de captopril. Matériel et méthodes : Quatre formulations de captopril poudre pour solution orale dénommées F1, F2, F3 et F4 ont été réalisées en s’inspirant de NOYADA® 5mg/5mL, solution buvable de Martindale Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Royaume Uni). Le sorbitol, le saccharose et le saccharinate de sodium ont été utilisés comme édulcorant. Le benzoate de sodium, l’EDTA et le citrate de sodium ont été utilisés respectivement comme conservateur antimicrobien, chélatant et ajusteur de pH. Les poudres ont été mélangées par trituration au mortier à l’aide d’un pilon. Les solutions ont été reconstituées au moment de l’emploi avec de l’eau distillée. Les paramètres physico-chimiques (aspect, pH, densité, osmolarité, et teneur) ainsi que la qualité microbiologique des solutions reconstituées ont été déterminés au temps initial et après 60 jours de conservation à 30 ˚C/65HR. Résultats et discussion : Les solutions reconstituées étaient limpides. Les formulations F1, F2, F3, renfermant respectivement le sorbitol, le saccharose et le saccharinate de sodium avaient un goût sucré. La solution F4 ne renfermant pas d’édulcorant avait un goût légèrement acidulé. Les solutions reconstituées avaient un pH d’environ 3,90 ; une teneur en captopril d’au moins 100% m/m et une osmolalité de 1250 mosmol/kg. Aussi, la qualité microbiologique était conforme aux normes de la pharmacopée européenne. Après 60 jours de conservation à 30 ˚C/65HR, la teneur a diminué d’au moins 10% dans les solutions renfermant du sorbitol et du saccharinate de sodium. Cette diminution serait probablement due à une oxydation du captopril. Conclusion : La poudre pour solution orale de captopril sans édulcorant a présenté le meilleur profil de stabilité et pourrait être utilisé comme préparation hospitalière.

Introduction : ce travail a pour objectif principal de stabiliser une nanoémulsion de Pickering avec des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la stabilité d’une nanoémulsion de Pickering et sa caractérisation physico-chimique. Matériel et Méthodes : Les nanoparticules stabilisantes composées d'hydroxyde de magnésium ont été obtenues par une méthode de nano-précipitation en présence de PEG-12000. Une nanoémulsion Huile- dans-Eau de Pickering stabilisée par des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2 a été formulée selon un processus à haute énergie, à l'aide d'une sonde de sonication. L'approche expérimentale a exploré l'impact de tous les paramètres de formulation, composition et taille des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de la nanoémulsion de Pickering. Le système a été caractérisé par diffusion dynamique d’un faisceau Laser Hélium-Néon (DLS) et par microscopie électronique à transmission. Résultats et Discussion : Les résultats ont montré la formulation d’une nanoémulsion de Pickering Huile-dans-Eau stable. La caractérisation au DLS a montré des tailles de nanoparticules comprises entre 21 et 45 nm. Les résultats ont également montré des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion d’une dimension comprise entre 100 et 300 nm au DLS. Cette gamme de taille était fonction des nanoparticules stabilisantes. La taille des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion a été confirmée par microscopie électronique à transmission. La caractérisation physico-chimique a aussi montré que le potentiel zêta des nano- gouttelettes était fonction du pH du milieu dispersant. Conclusion : Cette nanoémulsion de Pickering peut offrir des applications intéressantes dans la réalisation de systèmes à libération contrôlée de substances actives.

Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) with broken stems or overgrown buds remain in the greenhouse and are discarded after all cutting operations are completed. Waste flowers are also separated while bouquets are being prepared. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize these fresh waste flowers in the production of natural food colorants. Anthocyanin extract was obtained from waste carnation flowers and turned into powder products via freeze- and spray-drying. Various properties of the powders were analyzed and statistically compared. Since degradation parameters of anthocyanins should be taken into consideration during the planning of the materials to which anthocyanin-based colorant will be added, the kinetic parameters of carnation anthocyanins were calculated at different pH (2.6, 4.0, and 6.0) and temperature (70, 80, and 90°C) values. Except for the liquid extract, the activation energies of all samples sharply decreased when the pH changed from 2.6 to 6.0. The most and least susceptible samples to the temperature elevation were freeze-dried samples at pH 2.6 and spray-dried samples at pH 6.0, respectively. Across all the data, the activation energies of the liquid extract sample at pH 2.6 and pH 4.0 were not significantly different from each other (p<0.05). Moreover, the produced colorant was tested in ice cream as a model food. There was no statistically significant difference between the total color differences of ice creams prepared with the commercial colorants and carnation flowers-based colorants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, oleogels were produced with a wax mixture (sunflower wax, SW; beeswax, BW) instead of single wax in order to reduce the total wax addition level and maintain the optimal properties of the oleogels. The textural and thermal properties were evaluated using the response surface methodology to determine the optimum wax addition level to form a gel with the similar properties to margarine. The firmness values and melting point were dominated by SW levels in the wax mixture. The XRD patterns showed that all of the samples had the β polymorphic form. The optimization results showed that oleogel prepared with 0.20%-SW and 2.80%-BW had lowest melting peak (46.42 °C). In conclusion, using a wax mixture instead of single wax type, a structurally stable gel with a lower melting point could be formed at a lower wax addition level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the main lines of the evolution of the ideas that have prevailed and the choices that have been made in modelling the fracture of materials for a century. In particular, the emphasis is on the creation and development of damage mechanics with its primary ambition to remedy the shortcomings of Griffith’s fracture theory. We underline the successes of this enterprise and the advances it has allowed by insisting on the key role played by the variational approach, but we also show its limits.

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of thinning on natural Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Isparta/Sütçüler Forestry Management Directorate. The effect of the four-year results of thinning on the growth characteristics of Brutian pine stands was evaluated at two different levels applied in two different areas at similar elevation. Moderate thinning was performed in area I, and heavy thinning was performed in area II. Thinning applied in Brutian pine stands in both areas had an effect on mean diameter at breast height, tree height, tree stability and total basal area. Tree stability, diameter and height growth of trees increased with the thinnings applied. At the end of four years, no significant difference was determined between the areas where thinnings was applied and the control areas in terms of the total volume per hectare in both areas. As a result, heavy thinning may be preferred as the first thinning in areas where regular maintenance is applied in natural Brutian pine stands. In areas where regular maintenance is not applied, moderate thinning can be applied considering the development of the stand.

Meyer’s proposed chew-in technique also called functionally generated path (FGP) technique, is indicated for the restoration of an edentulous arch that is opposed by natural teeth as it does seem to provide the most accurate method of recording occlusal patterns, also help to minimize the effects of negative factors, and to overcome the deficiencies of articulators. As stated by Rudd and Morrow, this technique is especially suitable for tooth-supported complete dentures, due to inherent stability of tooth-supported record bases helps in recording jaw relationships accurately. Whenever a single complete denture is opposed by natural dentition, problems observed are abrasion of the artificial acrylic resin teeth and frequent fractures of resin denture base due to occlusal stresses. Hence this case report describes the single complete tooth supported overdenture with a metal-based denture and metal occlusal surfaces against unmodified natural dentition which has shown to achieve a good denture stability with occlusal harmony, and patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the effects of using lime of three different origins in the mixture in specific proportions instead of fillers in hot mix asphalts. The performance changes of the mixture were investigated when three different hydrated powdered limes produced from the quarries in the Kavak district of Samsun were used as fillers to varying rates in the hot asphalt mixtures. In the study, hot mix asphalt samples were prepared by reducing the amount of filler in the mixture by 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, as well as lime-free samples, by adding lime of three different origins, which were supplied in the same amount. Then, the same sample group was reproduced and conditioned according to the AASHTO T 283 standard to compare and investigate the effects of water damage on the performance of the hot mix asphalt. The results of both groups of samples were compared according to Marshall stability and flow values. In the analyses made, it has been determined that the sum of CaO and MgO is greater than the 90% threshold recommended in the Highways Technical Specification (HTS), and the SO3 is less than the 2% threshold recommended in the HTS are effective in increasing the pavement performance in both cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews some important steps in the development and application of the variational approach to fracture. It emphasizes the essential role played by the permanent dialogue between mechanicians and applied mathematicians in bringing about this new paradigm and ensuring its undeniable success.

Copyright of Journal of Sports Education / Spor Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Sports Education / Spor Egitim Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nous étudions dans le présent article le cas de quelques mots déterminants en arabe utilisés paradoxalement dans l'indétermination comme valeur sémantique essentielle. Cette indétermination s'inscrit dans un processus infini de déterminations, voire dans une détermination progressive segmentée en permanence par des Négations. Leur rôle dans la détermination est exploré sur la base de la mise en relation entre un élément stable et un élément de Négation de la stabilité servant à actualiser constamment le référent de départ et à le spécifier.

In this research, drinkable hazelnut milk (HM) processed from the Tombul variety was supplemented with a ratio of 20, 40, and 60% rosehip (Rosa canina L.) (R) and strawberry (Fragaria sp.) (S) pulps as Vit-C sources and stored to determine physicochemical changes for 6 weeks at 4 and 25 oC. The influence of temperature (T), time (t), and contribution ratio (CR) factors on R and S-HM beverages was statistically significant (P <0.05). The evident changes in beverages were in total phenolics (TP) and antioxidant activity at the end of 6 weeks' storage. R1, R2, S2, and S3 formulations were the most liked for general acceptability scores, also, selected R and S purees were compatible with hazelnut milk. The optimum shelf life of R-HM and S-HM mixtures was calculated between 6-8 weeks at 15 oC using TP and Vit-C regression equations (R2= 95.07-99.45%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study is to examine the relationship between somatotype character and stability and endurance of the core muscles. The study sample consisted of sedentary male volunteers aged 18-45 years. The somatotype character analysis of the participants was evaluated with the Heath-Carter method, core stability with trunk flexion, extension test, right-left side-bridging test, and core endurance with the McGill core endurance test. It was determined that 10 participants out of 48 healthy male volunteers participating in the study had ectomorphy somatotype, 30 participants had endomorphy somatotype, and 8 participants had mesomorphy somatotype. It was determined that there was no significant difference in terms of core stability and endurance tests (p>0.05). According to the age variable, there was a negative relationship between age and trunk flexion in the endomorph somatotype, while, a positive, moderately strong correlation between age and left lateral bridging test in the ectomorphic somatotype (p<0.05). According to results of our study, there was no direct relationship between the somatotype character and the stability and endurance of the core muscles. While the age increase negatively affected trunk flexion endurance in individuals with endomorphic somatotype, it had a positive effect on left side lateral bridge endurance in ectomorphic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genotype-environment interaction is an important factor limiting yield in sunflower as in other plants. Stability of the genotypes was investigated by using AMMI analysis in terms of seed yield obtained from oil sunflower genotypes grown under multi-environmental conditions. This work; The study was carried out with a total of twelve oil sunflower genotypes in six locations for two years (2016 and 2017) in a randomized block design with four replications. The most stable genotypes and genotypes compatible with special environments were tried to be determined by AMMI analysis. With AMMI analysis, it was determined that the mean of squares was affected by the environment with 73.5%, interaction with 19.5% and genotype with 7.0%. According to the results of the analysis, the G3, G8 genotypes are quite stable and together with these varieties, the G4, G6, G7, G9 and G10 genotypes have a seed yield above the average, the G1 genotype has a very low seed yield, and the G9, G10 and G11 are located quite far from the stability line. therefore, they were found to be unstable. When the environments were evaluated with AMMI analysis, it was determined that E5 was the most suitable and highly productive, and together with this environment, E10 and E11 resulted in a seed yield above the average yield. In addition, in the sector analysis made, it is seen that G4 and G6 are high in E3, E4, E7, E10 and E11 circles, G8, G7 and G1 are high in E1, E2, E5, E6 E8 and E12 circles, and G2 and G9 are only high in E9 circles. performance and were specifically recommended for these environments, while other remaining genotypes such as G1 and G5 were not associated with environments. As a result, visually the most stable and high yielding genotypes were determined by AMMI analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, sunflower oil oleogels were developed with lauric acid, Span 60, and Pluronic F68 (10% poloxamer 188). Physicochemical, thermal, structural, and rheological properties of the oleogels were determined. The gel formation time of oleogels containing only LA (20%) was shorter than oleogels containing 15% LA and 5% emulsifiers, and an increase in LA concentration shortened the gel formation time. While there were differences in the color values of the oleogels depending on the LA concentration and emulsifier type, the oil binding capacity of all oleogel samples were quite high. The crystalline structures were observed under polarized light microscope, and the X-ray diffraction patterns proved the existence of β and β' polymorph crystals. Rheological analyses indicated that oleogels had good structural recovery ability. Further, addition of emulsifier allowed oleogel formation with lower concentrations of LA, and at the same time the gel stability was enhanced with emulsifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a highly nutritious crop in Africa whose attributes make it a product of choice to formulate diets with numerous human health benefits. The crop is still novel in West Africa, but is making inroads in many countries of the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate selected vegetable soybean varieties for agronomic performance and stability for fresh pod yield across Benin. Thirty-five vegetable soybean varieties were planted at three locations, namely Calavi, Grand-Popo and Sèmè, for two seasons. There was a significant variation (P < 0.05 ; P< 0.01 and P < 0.001) among genotypes for most quantitative traits; with highly significant environmental (P < 0.001) and GEI effects on fresh pod yield (P < 0.001). Genotype Maksoy 3N (15.9 t ha-1) had the highest fresh pod yield; while genotype AGS466 was the most stable across environments. Based on GGE, Sèmè-2 was the ideal environment for growing vegetable soybean in Benin. The study confirmed that vegetable soybean is well adapted to be grown in Benin and varieties AGS466, AGS346 and Ashorowase are candidates for wide cultivation in the country. Also, grain soybean varieties (S1079- 6-7 and Maksoy 3N) are well suited to produce vegetable soybean in Benin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: En oncologie, l'antalgie est un enjeu majeur de la prise en charge du patient. La « Patient-controlled analgesia » est une méthode permettant au patient de gérer lui-même sa douleur, mais elle n'est pas toujours applicable en cas de transfert des patients. L'objectif de ce travail a été de valider l'utilisation d'un dispositif portable d'intérêt permettant de mimer l'action de pompes électriques pour deux molécules : morphine et oxycodone. Des études de stabilités ainsi que la vérification de la conformité des spécificités vis-à-vis du débit ont été étudiées, en parallèle une réflexion sur le circuit de dispensation a été menée. Les deux molécules sont stables sur une durée d'au moins 30 heures. Une conformité de la valeur des débits a pu être montrée. Le circuit « prescription – dispensation – administration » a été définit et sécurisé. Ceci a pu permettre de valider et de mettre en place l'utilisation de ce dispositif. In oncology, analgesia is a major issue in patient management. "Patient-controlled analgesia" (PCA) is a method that allows patients to manage their own pain, but it is not always applicable when patients are transferred. The objective of this work was to validate the use of a portable device allowing to mimic the action of electric pumps use for PCA. For this purpose, two drugs were studied and analyzed. Stability studies, as well as the verification of the conformity of the specificities with regard to the flow rate were studied, in parallel a reflection on the dispensing circuit was carried out. Both molecules are stable for at least 30 hours. Compliance of the flow rates was demonstrated. The "prescription – dispensation – administration" circuit was defined and secured. These tests allowed us to "validate" this device and to use it in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The stability of caisson type quay wall considering the displacements were investigated for two different cases: in the first case, cyclic loading with different frequency was applied to the caisson type quay wall and the horizontal displacement (damage) on the structure was measured then by repairing the damage due to cyclic loadings after each experiment, experiments were performed with different cyclic loadings in similar way, ii: in the second case, same cyclic loadings used in first case were applied on structure successively and without repairing the damages on structure and the displacement (damage) on the structure was measured. After completion of the experiments for two different cases, the measured displacements were compared. Based on the experiment results, it was seen that for same cyclic motion, displacements of the second case were less than those in the first case. In addition, using experimental results for the first case, the instantaneous dynamic friction coefficient between concrete and the gravel base was calculated. It was found that ratio between calculated instantaneous dynamic friction coefficient and static friction coefficient oscillates around 1. Displacements, calculated by using double integration of the relative acceleration, were in compatible with the measured displacements during the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is limited research regarding the continuity, stability, and role of country of origin in preterm infant temperament across the first year of life. This prospective longitudinal study examined patterns of mean‐level continuity and individual‐differences stability of select scales of temperament at 6 and 12 months in preterm infants from three countries, Chile (n = 47), United Kingdom (n = 44), and United States (n = 50). Temperament was assessed with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and observed using the Bayley Behavior Rating Scale. Continuity and stability across infant age, country effects, and interactions of country and age on preterm infant temperament were examined. Chilean mothers rated infants higher in soothability, duration of orienting, and orientation/engagement compared with mothers from the United Kingdom and/or United States. Continuity of temperament from 6 to 12 months varied by country: Chilean mothers reported increasing smiling and laughter and activity level from 6 to 12 months, and mothers from the United Kingdom reported decreasing smiling and laughter and increasing fear from 6 to 12 months. Infant temperament was stable in all three countries. Correlations evidenced low concordance between maternal reports and examiner observations of infant temperament at 12 months. However, among Chilean infants, higher maternal reported activity level was associated with higher examiner observed orientation/engagement score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, two methods have been proposed to find the critical buckling load of bars that are in water and buckled under the effect of P singular force and distributed self-weight. Three different Euler's cases were taken into account in the study. In the first method, the solution of the stability differential equation of the bar in water is solved by the Differential Transformation Method (DTM), while in the second method, the Dunkerley formula is applied to determine the critical buckling load factor of the buckled bar in water. Finally, the results obtained by solving an example with the two proposed methods were compared with the finite element method. SAP 2000 program was used for finite element analysis. From the results obtained, it was observed that the two methods gave results in good agreement to the finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in 2010-2011 growing seasons at Tokat-Niksar, Tokat-Kazova and Tokat-Artova locations. In present experiments, 58 promising clones with superior characteristics selected from hybrid families originated from International Potato Center (CIP) were investigated for yield and yield-related parameters. Of these clones, 25 have light-yellow, 16 have dark-yellow, 9 have cream and 8 have white flesh color. For each flesh color, 9 different standard cultivars were also used in present experiments. Experiments at each location were grouped based on flesh colors and conducted in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Total tuber yield per decare of the clones with different flesh colors were determined. Experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance in accordance with the relevant experimental design. Means were compared with the use of Duncan's test. Clone stability was determined based on regression coefficients as specified by Finlay and Wilkinson (1963). As the average of three locations, cream-A7/12 (8212.4 kg/da), light-yellow-A6/71 (7592.6 kg/da), white-T5/4 (6505.9 kg/da) and dark-yellow-A3/15 (6490.9 kg/da) clones had the greatest tuber yields. According to adaptation classes, Artova and partially Kazova were classified as "well" environment and Niksar was classified as "poor" environment. In Artova location, the greatest tuber yield was obtained from cream-A7/12 (12545.2 kg/da) clone, respectively followed by lightyellow-A3/167, white-T5/4 and dark-yellow-A3/15 clones. In Kazova location, light-yellow-A6/71 (9696.5 kg/da) clone had high tuber yield and it was followed by white-A5/70, cream-A7/12 and dark-yellow-A3/15 clones. In Niksar location, light-yellow-T6/28 (4786.7 kg/da) clone had the greatest tuber yield and it was respectively followed by cream-A7/12, dark-yellow-A3/142 and white-A13/1 clones. In terms of stability, light-yellow flesh color A6/103 and A3/234 clones and dark-yellow flesh color A3/142 and A3/110 clones were found to be more stable than the other clones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop and validate the use of reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of simvastatin (SIM) and mupirocin (MUP) simultaneously. Materials and Methods: The chromatographic method developed is optimized for flow rate with the column, solvent, and buffer used and mobile phase ratio, molarity, and pH. The validation of the optimized method and the forced degradation studies of both drugs (under acidic, alkaline, oxidation, heat, light, and neutral conditions) were conducted following the The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. Results: Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with ultraviolet detection at 224 nm and acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (30 mM, 70:30 v/v, pH 3.5; adjustment done using orthophosphoric acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min were observed to provide a good resolution for MUP and SIM at retention times of 2.32±0.008 and 13.55±0.254 min, respectively, with high accuracy (percent recovery was 99.69±0.82 for MUP and 101.10±0.02 for SIM) and linearity in the range of 5-30 µg/mL (r²: 0.9969 for MUP and r²: 0.9959 for SIM). The diagnostic limit and the lower limit of determination were 0.771±0.234 and 2.338±0.246 μg/mL for MUP and 0.595±0.282 and 1.803±0.334 µg/mL for SIM, respectively. The validated method was used to understand the degradation behavior of both drugs after the forced degradation studies. Conclusion: The analytical method developed is determined to be specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate for the estimation of MUP and SIM simultaneously in the combined dosage form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aroma compounds can be easily affected by various storage conditions, especially temperature. In this study, it was aimed to investigate thermal stability of aroma microcapsules produced by electrostatic extrusion technique during storage process. Benzaldehyde, isoamyl acetate and menthol loaded alginate microcapsules were produced under 8 kV electrical potential and encapsulation efficiencies were determined depending on aroma concentration (10-50%, w/w) used. Free and encapsulated forms of aroma compounds were stored in dark at -18 °C, +4 °C and +25 °C for 90 days. Samples were taken at time intervals of 30 days and remained amounts of the aroma was determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was measured that mean diameters of lyophilized microcapsules were ranged between 668.2-846.3 μm. While the highest encapsulation efficiency was reached in that formulation containing 10% aroma for all tested substances, the efficiencies were found 97.2%, 98.5% and 93.4% for benzaldehyde, isoamyl acetate and menthol, respectively. In all trials, it was determined that there was a decrease in the amount of aroma retained due to increase in storage temperature. However, the loss observed in the encapsulated aroma compounds was rather limited compared to their free form. In the end of 90 days storage period, the highest aroma content was detected in encapsulated aroma substances stored at -18 °C, while the highest loss was determined on the free forms stored at +25 °C. It is thought that encapsulation by electrostatic extrusion can be an important application in increasing storage stability of volatile substances, particularly aroma compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Finance (2437-0630) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthocyanins are compounds, which responsible for red, blue, purple colors of fruits and vegetables and they have water soluble properties. One of the natural color pigments are anthocyanins were placed in flavonoids group. This pigment has glycoside form and it has different properties according to the included sugar group and chemical composition. Anthocyanins which known to have positive effects on health bring attractive to the visual features products bring. The limited stability of anthocyanins may cause important problems for process and storage of fruit and vegetables included anthocyanins. The chemical structure and important factors related to the stability of anthocyanins were evaluated within the scope of this review.

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)