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In this work, we have fabricated a novel electrochemical biosensor based on TiO2/PS. Heterostructure by sol–gel assisted with spin-casting technique. XRD profile showed the tetragonal phase of TiO2 thin films. SEM images observed the nanoporous-like surface morphology. The film has 78 nm of grain size calculated from AFM analysis. The PL spectrum recorded a strong emission peak at 485 nm, 530 nm, and 545 nm due to blue and green emission. The enhancement of the electrochemical reaction was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The fabricated electrode has shown the sensitive and stable detection of carbohydrates. The more consistent results showed that TiO2/PS electrode is a promising material for the carbohydrates biosensor. Most importantly, the TiO2/PS electrode achieved a correlation between the coefficient (R2) and sensitivity 0.99 and 26 μA mM−1 cm−2 of glucose. Similarly, 0.98 & 16 μA mM−1 cm−2 for sucrose and 0.96 & 11 μA mM−1 cm−2 for starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempts to investigate the thermal performance of five types of mild steel air channels in the photovoltaic thermal hybrid system. This system has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the tropical climatic condition of Chennai, India. There are five kinds of air channels studied in this work, namely, reference air channel, single-fin channel, multifin channel, fin with T baffle channel, and fin with V baffle channel. These channels are studied and compared. The experiments were accomplished with two mass flow rates, m, ˙,,,,: 0.00565 and 0.00847 kg/s. The photovoltaic thermal hybrid system performance was enhanced by increased air velocity, enhanced heat transfer between the absorber surface and air, and physical geometry of the channel. This optimal performance has been attained in the present study, with strong agreement with previously published findings. The photovoltaic thermal hybrid system experimentally proved to enhance thermal and photovoltaic efficiencies with increasing air mass flow rate, and the maximum electrical efficiency was found to be 13.70 % at the mass flow rate of 0.00565 kg/s and 14.27 % at the mass flow rate of 0.00847 kg/s; similarly, the thermal efficiency was 14.12 % at m, ˙,,,, = 0.00565 kg/s and 20.81 % at m, ˙,,,, = 0.00847 kg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presented the detailed energy and exergy analysis performed on 4 different configurations of solar photovoltaic thermal collectors under Chennai climatic conditions. A comparative performance study of all the four different configurations was performed considering two mass flow rates of air as 0.00847 and 0.01130 kg/s. The parameters such as PV temperature, inlet and outlet air flow temperatures in the cooling channels, solar radiation, and ambient temperature were analyzed and studied in detail. It was found that the collector performance enhanced with increase in air velocity with further increase in heat transfer coefficient between the absorber surface and air. The experimental results obtained from the present work and the experimental performances of previously published results are found to be in good agreement. The electrical efficiency was from 9.8 to 12.9 % for 0.00847 kg/s and from 10.3 to 13.9 % for mass flow rate of air 0.0113 kg/s. The maximum thermal efficiency lies between 4.3 and 12.4 % for the mass flow rate of air 0.00847 kg/s and from 6.5 to 15.9 % for mass flow rate of air 0.01130 kg/s, respectively. Similarly, the maximum exergy efficiency ranges from 11.2 to 38.6 % for mass flow rate of air 0.00847 kg/s, and it varies between 18.4 and 49.4 % for mass flow rate of air 0.01130 kg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]