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The article analyzes the current character and dynamics of rural tourism development and points to the positive multiplicative impact that it has on rural areas. Also, authors give guidelines how rural tourism could be developing and how it can be developing on successful way. Expectations are that development rural tourism would eliminate current negative trends that burden the lives of local population. Authors highlight the importance and role that rural tourism will have in future global tourism development in Serbia.

The subject of research in this paper are investment models created by analyzing the characteristics of greenhouse vegetable production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Five models were compiled based on data from family farms engaged in the production of vegetables in a protected area in partially controlled conditions. The main goal is to examine changes in the amount of economic results depending on the impact of sowing/planting, type and utilization of protected space in vegetable growing. The economic viability of the investment was determined using net present value, the internal rate of return, discounted payback period and profitability index. Model 4 (growing two vegetable species per year in high plastic tunnels) had the highest net present value (NPV = USD 125 322.18), while model 3 (growing two vegetable species per year in semi-high plastic tunnels) had the most favorable values of the internal rate of return (63.38%), discounted payback period (1.66 years) and profitability index (4.69). Justification of investments in risky business conditions indicates model 4 as the most favorable solution. Since the indicators used yielded conflicting conclusions about which model is the best solution, the ranking procedure was performed using the VIKOR method. Research results indicate that the model 3 represents the best compromise solution compared to the other models used. © 2022, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. All rights reserved.

Investments for revitalization of locations through Brownfield investments provide an opportunity to establish and test new sustainable development practices. The economic advantage of analyzed Brownfield investments is that there are already certain capacities and infrastructure in a specific location. The research found that the funds invested in the cleaning of the terrain, waste treatment with the so-called. "Wild" landfills, in adaptation of buildings, arrangement of green areas, improvement of infrastructure and the like, have economic and financial justification. In addition, a number of other qualitative effects of general interest have been highlighted. The effects of this investment are considered from socioeconomic, environmental and other aspects, as well as to the development of local economy and environmental protection. In addition to the ecological and economic aspects of investing in Brownfield investment, special attention should be paid to risk management and social aspects of local sustainable development.

Plutajuća ostrva su tehnologija za prečišćavanje voda koja ima ekološki, ekonomski i društveni značaj. U ovom radu su primenom SWOT analize određeni raspoloživi resursi i mogućnosti plutajućih ostrva prema pretnjama i šansama za uvođenje u standardnu infrastrukturu za tretman zagađenih voda. Zaključeno je da je plutajuća ostrva imaju multifunkcionalan značaj u predelu u kome se nalaze. Pored revitalizacije vodenih površina, ona dovode i do povećanja estetske vrednosti okoline, što može uticati na povećanje vrednosti nekretnina u blizini, privlačenje investitora, razvoj turizma, stvaranje prostora za rekreaciju i odmor stanovništva i finansiranje narednih ekoloških projekata. Najveća prepreka za implementaciju plutajućih ostrva je to što oni nisu prepoznati u zakonima i propisima Republike Srbije. Međutim, primenom odabrane optimalne strategije, koja se fokusira na interne snage biološkog sistema da bi što bolje iskoristila eksterne šanse za konstrukciju, postavljanje, primenu, monitoring i održavanje plutajućih ostrva omogućilo bi se brže prihvatanje ove tehnologije i njena primena u praksi, Floating islands are water treatment technology that has ecological, economic, and social significance. This study determines the available resources and possibilities of the floating islands according to the threats and chances for their introduction into the standard infrastructure for the treatment of polluted waters by applying the SWOT analysis. It was concluded that the floating islands have a multifunctional significance in the located landscape. In addition to the water revitalization, these biological systems increase the aesthetic value of the environment, and value of the nearby real estate, attract investors, improve tourism development, create space for recreation and leisure, and opportunities for financing future environmental projects. The biggest obstacle to the implementation of floating islands is that they are not recognized in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Serbia. However, the application of the selected optimal strategy, which focuses on the internal strengths of the biological system to make the best use of external opportunities for construction, installation, application, monitoring and maintenance of floating islands, can enable faster acceptance of this technology and its application in practice.

Предмет истраживања у овој дисертацији представљају производно-економски модели производње одабраних врста поврћа на отвореном пољу и у заштићеном простору на породичним газдинствима у североистoчном делу Републике Српске. Основни циљ истраживања је анализа изазова инвестирања у производњу анализираног поврћа. Током три узастопне године праћени су инпути и аутпути гајења паприке, парадајза, краставца и других повртних врста на 35 породичних газдинстaва, а затим је спроведена анкета на још 85 газдинстава на којима се гаји поврће. На бази прикупљених података, састављени су економски модели производње анализираног поврћа на отвореном пољу и у заштићеном простору. Применом одговарајућих калкулативних и статистистичких метода тестиране су полазне хипотезе. Економска анализа вршена је калкулативним поступцима - Direct Costing метод, ценa коштања, Benefit – Cost, диференцијална и инвестициона калкулација, и др. Утврђено је да се праг рентабилности за парадајз у затвореном простору постиже при приносу од 55.655,17 kg/ha, односно 42% од просечног, за паприку при приносу од 100.875,00 kg/ha, односно 79% од просечног, и за краставац при приносу од 94.941,18 kg/ha, односно 76% од просечног. На отвореном пољу, најнижи праг рентабилности за обим производње је код паприке 24.636,36 kg/ha, односно 50% од просечног приноса, потом код парадајза 38.714,29 kg/ha, односно 83% од просечног приноса, док је за краставац 45.166,67 kg/ha, тј. 70% од просечног приноса. Најповољнији износ нето садашњe вредности постиже се производњом две врсте годишње у високим тунелима, тј. 105.837,50 € (модел 4). Интерна каматна стопа варира по моделима и креће се у интервалу од 32,43% до 63,38% (модел 3). Приносна вредност инвестиције је најповољнија за модел 4, а рок повраћаја се креће од 1,66 година (модел 3) до 3,22 године (модел 2). Инвестирањем у производњу две врсте поврћа годишње у полувисоким тунелима (модел 3) остварује се 4,69 € на 1,00 € инвестиционих улагања, што је знатно повољније у односу на, The subject of research in this dissertation are productive and economic models of production selected types of vegetables in the open field and in a protected area on family farms in the north-east part of the Republic of Srpska. The main purpose of the research is to analyse the challenges of investing in the production of analysed vegetables. During the three successive years, the inputs and outputs of growing peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetable species on 35 family farms were monitored, and then a survey was conducted on another 85 farms where vegetables are grown. Based on the data collected, economic models of production of analysed vegetables in the open field and in a protected area were composed. The initial hypotheses were tested using appropriate calculation and statistical methods. Economic analysis was performed by calculation procedures - Direct Costing Method, Cost Prices, Benefit - Cost Ratio, Differential and Investment Calculation, etc. It was found that the Break-Even Point for tomatoes in a protected area is achieved at a yield of 55,655.17 kg/ha, or 42% of the average, for peppers at a yield of 100,875.00 kg/ha, or 79% of the average, and for cucumber at a yield of 94,941.18 kg/ha, or 76% of the average. In the open field, the lowest Profitability Rate for the extent of production is 24,636.36 kg/ha for peppers, or 50% of the average yield, then 38,714.29 kg/ha for tomatoes, or 83% of the average yield, while for cucumbers it is 45,166, 67 kg/ha, or 70% of the average yield. The most advantageous amount of Net Present Value is achieved by producing two types per year in high tunnels, ie. € 105,837.50 (model 4). The Internal Rate of Return varies by model and ranges from 32.43% to 63.38% (model 3). The Present Value of Net Cash Flows is the most favourable to model 4, and The Payback Period ranges from 1.66 years (model 3) to 3.22 years (model 2). Investing in the production of two types of vegetables per year in semi-high tunnels (m

Physical properties play an important role in determining suitability of soil for agricultural, amelioration, ecological and technical purposes. They are influence on movement, storage and availability of water and nutrients for plants, ease of plant root penetration and movement of heat and air. Furthermore, they are also effect chemical and biological properties of soil. Although Fluvisols (alluvial-meadow soils) are one of the most widespread soils in Serbia, little research has been done on them. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the most important physical properties of long-term irrigated Fluvisols that were formed on the carbonate deposit of the White Drim River in Kosovo and Metohija (Serbia). Eight profiles, i.e. 23 undisturbed soil samples and 69 disturbed soil samples were examined. The depth of the upper part of the soil profile, which lies above the layer of sand, stones and gravel, in which the roots of the plants develop, is very uneven from profile to profile, i.e. it varies from small (approx. 30 cm) to very large (>200 cm). The investigated Fluvisols are heavy textured (>50% clay content). The results show a high variability of the physical properties in the surface layer of these soils. Most of the investigated physical properties of the eight open Fluvisol profiles, in addition to the heavy texture, are quite favorable and fairly uniform in the plow layer, while they are much less favorable, though not particularly unfavorable, under the plow layer in deeper profiles., Fizička svojstva igraju važnu ulogu u određivanju pogodnosti zemljišta za poljoprivredne, melioracione, ekološke i tehničke namene. Od njih zavisi kretanje, zadržavanje i dostupnost vode i hranljivih materija biljkama, lakoća prodiranja korena biljaka, te kretanje toplote i vazduha. Takođe, ona utiču na hemijska i biološka svojstva zemljišta. Iako su fluvisoli (aluvijalno-livadska zemljišta) jedno od najrasprostranjenijih zemljišta u Srbiji, oni su još uvek nedovoljno istraženi. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio proceniti glavna fizička svojstva stolećima navodnjavanih fluvisola formiranih na karbonatnom nanosu reke Beli Drim na Kosovu i Metohiji (Srbija). Proučavano je osam profila, tj. 23 uzorka zemljišta u poremećenom stanju i 69 uzoraka u neporemećenom stanju. Dubina gornjeg dela zemljišnog profila, koji leži iznad sloja peska, kamenja i šljunka, u kom se razvija koren biljaka, je veoma neujednačena idući od profila do profila, odnosno varira od male (oko 30 cm) pa do veoma velike (>200 cm). Istraženi fluvisoli pripadaju teškim glinušama (>50% frakcije gline). Rezultati ukazuju na visoku varijabilnost fizičkih svojstava u površinskom sloju zemljišta. Većina istraženih fizičkih svojstva osam otvorenih profila fluvisolova, i pored prilično teškog mehaničkog sastava, dosta su povoljne i uz to prilično ujednačene u orničnom horizontu, dok su znatno manje povoljne, mada ne izrazito nepovoljne, u podorničnom horizontu dubljih profila.

The subject of this research is business performance and the importance of ratio analysis as an important instrument of financial functions of an enterprise. An enterprise that operates in the area of Srem was observed as the subject of the analysis, and its main activity is production and distribution of products intended for animal feed and for pets. The aim of the research is to show theoretical and methodological problems and opportunities of an integrated system of measuring and monitoring the performance of enterprises, in accordance with the strategy of expanding the range of the production program. On the basis of the financial statements of the analyzed enterprise, a ratio analysis is conducted for the period 2013-2015. According to the amounts coefficients ratio, the analyzed company regularly meets its payment obligations while maintaining the necessary scope and structure of working capital and the preservation of good credit standing., Predmet ovog istraživanja usmeren je na performanse poslovanja i značaj racio analize, kao važnog instrumenat finansijske funkcije preduzeća. Kao predmet analize posmatrano je preduzeće koje posluje na području Srema, a delatnost mu je proizvodnja i distribucija proizvoda namenjenih za ishranu domaćih životinja i za kućne ljubimce. Cilj istraživanja je da ukaže na teorijsko-metodološke probleme i mogućnosti integrisanog sistema merenja i praćenja performansi u preduzeća, u skladu sa strategijom proširenja asortimana proizvodnog programa. Na bazi finansijskih izveštaja analiziranog preduzeća, urađena je racio analiza, za period od 2013. do 2015.godine. Prema iznosima racio koeficijenata, analizirano preduzeće uredno izmiruje dospele obaveze uz održavanje potrebnog obima i strukture obrtnih sredstava i očuvanje dobrog kreditnog boniteta.

Stone fruit plantations constitute more than two-thirds of all fruit plantations in Serbia (approximating to 67%), whereas plum plantations account for two-thirds of all stone fruit plantations in the country. Stone fruit production is commonplace in all parts of Serbia. There are large areas of extensive fruit plantations in Western Serbia and Šumadija (Valjevo, Kraljevo, Užice, Bajina Bašta and Kragujevac), whereas the largest fruit plantation areas are in the municipalities of Grocka, Smederevo, Prokuplje, Topola and Valjevo. Plum plantations are estimated to claim the biggest share of extensive fruit plantations in Serbia. A value chain is a powerful tool for increasing the added value of products. It represents a synthesis of activities carried out by a business organization in order to produce, pack, design, market, deliver and support its products. In the production of dried plums with stones, with an average production of 112 kg/day and an average selling price of 350 RSD/kg, the realized profit amounted to 18,237 RSD/day (for 24 hours of drying). With an average drying ratio of 4:1 (100 kg of fresh plums yield 25 kg of dried plums with a moisture content of 26 %), the added value of dried plums is increased approximately 6 times compared to fresh plums. According to the economic indicators calculated in the organic production of plums, a positive financial result (profit) of 3.940 €/ha was achieved. The cost price of plum production was 0.16 €/kg, and the selling price was 0.38€/kg. As the organic production of plums generates profit and the cost price per unit of measure is significantly lower than the purchase price of plums (0.16 €/kg lt 0.38 €/kg), the organic production of plums is economically justified for the producer., Preko dve trećine zasada voća u Srbiji čine koštičave voćne vrste (oko 67%), a u okviru toga, dve trećine otpada na šljivu. Proizvodnja koštičavih voćnih vrsta je zastupljena u svim delovima Srbije. U Zapadnoj Srbiji i Šumadiji se nalaze veće površine ekstenzivnih zasada (Valjevo, Kraljevo, Užice, Bajina Bašta, Kragujevac), a najveće površine pod plantažnim zasadima su u opštinama Grocka, Smederevo, Prokuplje, Topola i Valjevo. Procenjuje se da najveći udeo ekstenzivnih zasada u Srbiji čine zasadi šljive. Lanac vrednosti predstavlja snažan instrument za pronalaženje načina za stvaranje veće 'dodate' vrednosti za proizvode. Organizacija lanca vrednosti čini sintezu aktivnosti koje se obavljaju u cilju proizvodnje, pakovanja, dizajniranja, marketiranja, isporuke i podrške njenim proizvodima. U proizvodnji sušene šljive sa košticom, pri prosečnoj proizvodnji od 112 kg /dan i prosečnoj prodajnoj ceni od 350 din/kg, ostvarena dobit je iznosila 18.237 din/dan (za 24 sata sušenja). Pri prosečnom randmanu 1:4, odnosno ukoliko se od 100 kg sveže šljive može proizvesti 25 kg sušene šljive vlažnosti 26%, onda je dodata vrednost sušene šljive veća za oko 6 puta u odnosu na svežu šljivu. Prema ekonomskim pokazateljima utvrđenim u kalkulacijama u organskoj proizvodnji šljive postiže se pozitivan finansijski rezultat (dobitak) u iznosu od 3.940 €/ha. Cena koštanja šljive je 0,16 €/kg, a prodajna cena 0,38 €/kg. S obzirom da se u organskoj proizvodnji šljive postiže dobit, kao i da je cena koštanja po jedinici mere znatno niža u odnosu na prodajnu (otkupnu) cenu šljive (0,16 €/kg lt 0,38 €/kg) organska proizvodnja je ekonomski opravdana za proizvođača.

This paper analyzes the economic effectiveness of vegetable production in a protected area in terms and in a manner that is characteristic of the analyzed area (Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Dynamic methods for evaluating the economic feasibility of the investment were applied to two models of vegetables production in greenhouses. Models represent completely alternative investments, so the choice between them is based on the net present value. Economic justification under risk conditions was checked using the scenario analysis. The results of the survey indicate that the investments in both models are justified both in optimal and risky production conditions. The model that includes the production of two crops is economically more efficient than the production of one crop per year. The same model will take precedence also in risky production conditions, as indicated by the higher expected net present value and lower value of the coefficient of variation.

Viticulture represents an important branch of agriculture in Serbia. Although the current economic conditions do not provide job security in primary agricultural production, investment in planting vineyards provides significant economic effects. The aim of this research is to, according to the indicators of profitability of investments, suggest the extent of feasible profitability of capital investments in planting vineyards to potential investors. The analysis was done on an area of 15 ha on a farm located in the municipality of Topola, a traditionally vineyard region. The analysis showed that an internal rate of return of 23.03% can be achieved by investing in plantations at an interest rate of 10%,. The invested cash funds can be returned in 8.80 years, i.e. in the 9th year after planting grafts, or in the 6th year of operation, and will result in a net present value in the amount of 350,418 €. For every euro invested a 0.90 accumulation can be achieved, which is a particular challenge for investors. If the investment were lower by 20%, the internal rate of return would increase by 24.98%. If the revenues from the sale of grapes were higher by 10%, the rate of return would reach the value of 25.90%. Investing is the most sensitive to changes in income or yield and selling price of grapes. The lower limit of economic feasibility investing in vineyards is possible with future decreasing sales prices of grapes, and therefore sales revenue to 33%. The realization of such an investment would contribute to creating new jobs, which would provide socio-economic and environmental significance to the environment, and in general, to the economic development of the wider area., Vinogradarstvo predstavlja značajnu granu poljoprivrede Srbije. Iako sadašnje ekonomske prilike ne pružaju poslovnu sigurnost u primarnoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, investiranje u podizanje zasada vinograda daje značajne ekonomske efekte. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se, prema pokazateljima rentabilnosti investicionih ulaganja, ukaže potencijalnim investitorima o mogućem stepenu ukamaćenja kapitala ulaganjem u podizanje zasada vinograda. Pri tome je analiza urađena za zasad površine od 15 ha, a koji se podiže na gazdinstvu koje je locirano na teritoriji opštine Topola. Na ovom području se tradicionalno uzgaja vinograd. Ekonomskom analizom je utvrđeno da, investiranjem u podizanje zasada pri kamatnoj stopi od 10%, može da se postigne interna stopa rentabilnosti zasada od 23,03 %. Uložena novčana sredstava mogu da se povrate za 8,80 godina, tj. u 9.-oj godini nakon sadnje kalemova, odnosno u 6.-oj godini eksploatacije zasada, a postigla bi se neto sadašnja vrednost u iznosu 350.418 EUR-a. Na svaki uloženi evro može da ostvari 0,90 evra akumulacije, što je poseban izazov za investiture. Ukoliko bi investiciona ulaganja bila niža za 20%, interna stopa rentabilnosti bi se povećala na 24,98%. Ako bi prihodi od prodaje grožđa bili veći za 10%, stopa rentabilnosti bi dostigla vrednost od 25,90%. Investiranje je najosetljivije na promenu prihoda, odnosno prinosa i prodajne cene grožđa. Upravo, donja granica ekonomske prihvatljivosti ovakve investicije je pri opadanju prodajne cene grožđa, a samim tim i prihoda od prodaje do 33%. Realizacija ovakve investicije doprinela bi otvaranju novih radnih mesta, što bi pružilo socio-ekonomski i ekološki značaj za okruženje, i uopšte, za privredni razvoj šireg područja.

The data on both conventional and organic strawberry production were collected through a survey on family farms in the western part of Serbia, in the period June-September 2014. The subject of this research is a comparative analysis of economic performance of different ways of growing strawberries. Based on data collected by the survey, the average total revenue and total expenditure in this production were assessed for the surface of 1 ha, and for both conventional and organic way of growing. Then, using the static method for the business period of five years the indicators of economic feasibility of strawberries are determined as originally set as the objective of this research. The results determined are: the average net profit, the accumulation rate, the rate of return in the production of strawberries etc. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the production of strawberries is very profitable, and that more favorable economic results are achieved through organic production., Na porodičnim gazdinstvima u zapadnoj Srbiji, u periodu jun-septembar 2014. anketom su prikupljeni podaci o proizvodnji jagode na konvencionalan i organski način. Predmet ovog istraživanja je komparativna analiza ekonomskih rezultata različitih načina uzgoja jagode. Na bazi prikupljenih podataka anketom, utvrđeni su prosečni ukupni prihodi i rashodi u ovoj prozvodnji na površini od 1 ha, i za konvencionalni i organski način. Zatim, primenom statičkih metoda za period poslovanja od pet godina, utvrđeni su pokazatelji ekonomske opravdanosti proizvodnje jagode koji su postavljeni samim ciljem ovog istraživanja. Utvrđeni su: prosečna neto dobit, stopa akumulativnosti, vremenski period povraćaja kapitala u proizvodnji jagode i dr. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se zaključiti je da je proizvodnja jagode veoma profitabilna, a da se na organski način u odnosu na konvencionalni, postižu povoljniji ekonomski rezultati.

The goal of this research is to determine the effects of different levels of water deficit (I100: full irrigation, I65: 35% deficit, I40: 60% deficit and I0: no irrigation) on yield and chemical composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in Srem region of Serbia. Water deficit significantly affected the yield and chemical composition of soybean seeds. The lowest (1.63 t/ha) and the highest (3.21 t/ha) seed yields were obtained from I0 and I65 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the highest protein (1092 kg/ha) and oil (563 kg/ha) yields were observed in I65 treatment. Lower and higher irrigation levels from I65 decreased the protein and oil yields. Our data indicated that irrigation generally increased K, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B concentrations and decreased Ca and Fe concentrations in soybean seed. It was clearly observed that full-watered treatment (I100) provided no potential benefit in terms of soybean yield and chemical composition. For higher economic yield and good nutritional quality, water-saving treatment I65 could be suitable in soybean management in Srem region of Serbia as in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions., Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da utvrdi uticaj različitih nivoa deficita vode (I100: puno navodnjavanje, I65: 35% deficita, I40: 60% deficita i I0: bez navodnjavanja) na prinos i hemijski sastav soje [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] gajene u Sremu, Srbija. Deficit vode značajno je uticao na prinos i hemijski sastav zrna soje. Najmanji (1,63 t/ha) prinos zrna ostvaren je u tretmanu bez navodnjavanja (I0), a najveći (3,21 t/ha) na tretmanu I65. Pored toga, najviši prinosi proteina (1092 kg/ha) i ulja (563 kg/ha) ostvareni su u tretmanu I65. Niži i viši nivoi navodnjavanja od I65 smanjili su prinose proteina i ulja. Naši podaci pokazuju da navodnjavanje uglavnom povećava sadržaj K, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn i B, a smanjuje sadržaj Ca i Fe u zrnu soje. Utvrđeno je da tretman punog zalivanja (I100) ne predstavlja potencijalnu korist u smislu povećanja prinosa i poboljšanja hemijskog sastava zrna soje. Za postizanje visokih ekonomskih prinosa i dobrog hemijskog kvaliteta zrna, tretman I65 može biti pogodan za gajenje soje na području Srema kao i u drugim područjima sa sličnim zemljišnim i klimatskim uslovima.

Surface soil hydrological properties like water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity have important consequences for hydrological properties of soils in river basins and their knowledge is needed for sound land management, as well as flood risk prevention. They are very dynamic properties due to varying land use management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two land uses (native meadow and arable) on surface (0–30 cm) infiltration characteristics of a silty clay loam and sandy loam soils at three sites in the Kolubara river valley and the Nišava river valley, respectivelly, with temperate climate, Serbia. A site consisted of two adjacent but different land uses on the same soil types. For each land use, water infiltration rates were measured in triplicate using double ring infiltrometer. Particle size distribution, bulk density and soil organic matter content of the surface soil were determined. Experimental measurements in the field indicated that treatments significantly influenced water infiltration characteristics on both locations. At both site the infiltration rates showed a decrease as a function of elapsed time. Steady state infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration of sandy loam-textured soils under the meadows were much lower than that for the arable soils. By contrast, the infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration of silty clay loam soils under the meadows was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to arable soils. Increase in infiltration capacity of arable soils were related to decrease in bulk density. In addition, in tilled sandy loam soil infiltration was much higher than in silty clay loam soil. However, infiltration in a silty clay loam under meadow was lower compared with sandy loam soil. According to the results of our study it could be concluded that the land use change infiltration properties of surface soil and consequently may alter the water balance of the area by changing the amount of sur

Raspberry is the most important kind of berries and specific in many of its characteristics - biological properties, economic importance, agro-ecological, technological and organizational requirements, the market value of the product, as well as very high interdependence and correlation between the individual phases of the reproductive cycle. Due to its extremely pleasant smell and taste and high nutritional value, raspberry represents a very esteemed and sought fruit which has a high price in the world market and is very suitable for processing. In addition to financial effect, the cultivation of raspberries enables recruitment of labour force, which is in our economic situation of great socio-economic importance, especially in the mountainous regions of Serbia. Based on real data examples, this paper analyzes the economic profitability of this production. Investments in the establishment and cultivation of a raspberry plantation under irrigation amount to 12.140 €/ha. In the production of raspberries a very favourable annual financial result (profit) in the amount of 9300 €/ha is achieved, production is very cost-effective, accumulation is significant (about 77%) and return on equity is in the second year of exploitation. The established economic and financial results show that the production of raspberries is very profitable., Malina je najznačajnija vrsta jagodastog voća i specifična po mnogim svojim karakteristikama - biološkim osobinama, ekonomskom značaju, agro-ekološkim, tehnološko-organizacionim zahtevima, tržišnoj vrednosti proizvoda, kao i vrlo visokoj međuzavisnosti i uslovljenosti između pojedinih faza reprodukcionog ciklusa. Zahvaljujući svom izuzetno prijatnom mirisu i ukusu i velikoj nutritivnoj vrednosti, malinapredstavlja jako cenjeno i traženo voće koje na svetskom tržištu ima visoku cenu i veoma je zahvalna za preradu. Pored finansijskog efekta, gajenje maline omogućava uposlenje radne snage, što je u našoj ekonomskoj situaciji od velike socio-ekonomske važnosti, naročito u brdskim rejonima Srbije. Na bazi realnih podataka iz prakse, u radu je ekonomska analiza profitabilnosti ove proizvodnje. Utvrđena su investiciona ulaganja u zasnivanje i uzgoj maline u uslovima navodnjavanja u iznosu od 12.140 €/ ha. U proizvodnji maline se godišnje postiže veoma povoljan finansijski rezultat (dobit) u iznosu od 9.300 €/ha, jako je ekonomična proizvodnja, značajna akumulativnost (oko 77%) i povraćaj kapitala već u drugoj godini eksploatacije zasada. Utvrđeni ekonomski i finasijski rezultati u pokazuju da je za uzgajivače, proizvodnja maline jako profitabilna. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III - 46006: Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the Republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the Danube Region, br. 179028: Rural labor markets and rural economies Serbia: Diversification of income and poverty reduction, i br. 46009: Improvement and development of hygienic and technological proceduresin the production of foodstuffs of animal origin in order to obtain high-quality and safe products competitive on the world market.

Of the total production of raspberries in Serbia, even 90 % is exported frozen to the EU market and in Germany, France, Holland, and Austria, and partly to the US market. The total European production of raspberries, Serbia participates with 20 %, and in domestic structure of fruit production from 6.5 %. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia (2017), under organic production of fruit in Serbia is 1,527 ha, and the areas that are under conversion are located on 357 ha. In western Serbia is 198.94 ha under organic raspberries and 235.19 ha during conversion. Export from Serbia is 1,500 tons of organic raspberries annual which makes up 2 % of total production (and from conventional and organic production).Producers in the practice increasingly improve primary production and modernization of processing and marketing segments of raspberries. One of the concepts is the addition of economic value through organic products, products with protected designation of origin, branding, etc. This research starts from the hypothesis that it is economically profitable to invest in facilities to obtain products with added economic value. The research presented in this paper is a model organization purchase, processing and marketing of organic raspberries. The process of analysis is given on the basis of actual data company that operates in Arilje and brings together a larger number of producers of organic raspberries. By applying the methods of calculation and Cost-Benefit analysis were calculated economic indicators in the production of organic raspberries. Schematic shows the value chain, based on the SWOT analysis, recommendations for improvement and sustainability of such a model, as well as the possibility of its application to other production., Od ukupne proizvodnje maline u Srbiji, čak 90% se izvozi smrznuto na tržište EU i to u Nemačku, Francusku, Holandiju, i Austriju, a delom i na tržište SAD. U ukupnoj evropskoj proizvodnji maline, Srbija učestvuje sa 20%, a u domaćoj strukturi proizvodnje voća sa 6,5%. Prema podacima Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije (2017), pod organskom proizvodnjom voća u Srbiji se nalazi 1.527 ha, a površine koje su u periodu konverzije nalaze se na 357 ha. U zapadnoj Srbiji se nalazi 198,94 ha pod organskom proizvodnjom maline i 235,19 ha u periodu konverzije. Godišnje se iz Srbije izveze do 1.500 tona organske maline što čini do 2% od ukupne proizvodnje, tj. i iz konvencionalne i organske proizvodnje. Proizvođači u praksi sve više unapređuju primarnu proizvodnju i modernizaciju segmenate prerade i plasmana maline. Jedan od koncepata predstavlja dodavanje ekonomske vrednosti kroz organske proizvode, proizvode sa zaštićenim geografskim poreklom, brendiranje, itd. Ovim istraživanjem se polazi od hipoteze da je ekonomski isplativo investirati u kapacitete za dobijanje proizvoda sa dodatom ekonomskom vrednošću. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je model organizacije otkupa, prerade i plasmana organske maline. Postupak analize je dat na bazi stvarnih podataka preduzeća koje posluje na području Arilja i okuplja veći broj proizvođača organske maline. Primenom kalkulativnih postupaka i Cost-Benefit analize, obračunati su ekonomski pokazatelji u proizvodnji organske maline. Šematski je prikazan lanac vrednosti, a na osnovu SWOT analize, date su preporuke za unapređenje i održivosti ovakvog modela, kao mogućnost njegove primene i na druge proizvodnje.