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An extensive literature base has investigated women's underrepresentation in decision-making positions with sport organizations, yet women's access to these positions remains limited. Diversification strategies, based on distributive justice, have failed to create further opportunities. A new approach is needed to address this latent issue. The concept of gender allyship is presented to address the limitations of distributive justice paradigms that involves men and women to work as members of a coalition to improve gender equity in sport organizations. Utilizing grounded theory, this paper presents the core category of awareness and related subcategories self-awareness, organizational awareness, and industry awareness, as a means of informing the performance of gender allyship. The findings provide interesting theoretical and empirical implications for understanding the development of awareness, its subcategories, and how it contributes to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women athletes are often asked to participate in unpaid or underpaid community appearances and youth camps to generate fan interest, promote their sport, and inspire the next generation of athletes. The expectation to invest in the future of one's sport for the benefit of others is a gendered process—requiring athletes to employ different forms of labor in addition to their athletic labor. Drawing from the literature on future-oriented labor and immaterial labor, we show how the sport industry is structured to extract value from what we refer to as women's "inspirational labor." Interviews with 29 women athletes and 15 managers in professional softball and soccer in the United States are used to illustrate the ideological and economic structures of inspirational labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to answer the following research questions: (1) How do features of sports and fitness live streaming content influence individuals' viewing experiences? (2) How do these antecedents interact with each other to influence individuals' intentions to exercise in the context of sports and fitness live streaming? Design/methodology/approach: We employed both symmetric (PLS-SEM) and asymmetric (fsQCA) analyses using data from 886 participants. A mixed approach addresses the complex nature of the decision-making process among sports and fitness live streaming users. Findings: The findings reveal that individuals' appraisal of their interactions with sports and fitness streamers (i.e. instant feedback, interactivity) significantly affects their perceptions of telepresence, entertainment, and flow. These, in turn, positively influence their intention to exercise in live sports and fitness streaming sessions. The study also uncovers various combinations of causal conditions leading to exercise intention, a detail overlooked by the PLS-SEM method alone. Originality/value: This research contributes to the literature on cognitive appraisal theory, particularly in the context of sports and fitness live streaming, by integrating symmetric and asymmetric analyses. Practically, strategic implications are provided for practitioners in sports and fitness industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical examination, based on in-depth interviews with current and former students from sport management academic programs in the United States, provides insight into how the academic internship is being reconfigured at the nexus of higher education and the sport industry. Drawing on the concept of hope labour, the analysis illustrates that sport management student internships in the sport industry are increasingly experienced and rationalised as future-oriented 'investments' and 'opportunities'. It sheds light on coercive market forces behind increased internship participation and illustrates how the sport industry often fails to provide proper learning contexts for students to develop skills and advance their careers. We argue that sport management internships experienced, rationalised, and institutionalised as a form of hope labour obscures and contributes to the reproduction of exploitative realities and substandard experiential learning practices within the sport industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport managers need to make decisions that have moral implications on a regular basis, and applying their theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios is an essential skill in the field. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory that focuses on maximizing the production of good. The purpose of this case is to provide students with the opportunity to learn about utilitarianism (including act and rule utilitarianism) and engage in class discussions surrounding the case of pandemic protocols in sport organizations. A brief and general overview of pandemic protocols used in the sport industry is provided alongside discussion questions designed to challenge students with the application of utilitarian principles to their decision making. The case also provides a teaching note with discussion topics and potential responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has identified the saliency of gendered experiences in sport industry and educational settings. Drawing from self-categorization theory to better understand the impact of in- and out-group membership on experiences and perceptions, the purpose of this study was to examine college students' perceptions of gender in both the sport industry and their sport management discipline. Data were collected from a sport management student population at a moderately sized, urban-serving university using an exploratory questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate results indicate statistically significant differences in perceptions of equality, fairness, and experiences between male and female sport management students. Results, which are in alignment with previous research, are discussed along with study limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the economic dynamics of the sports industry with adoption of deep learning algorithms and data mining methodology. Despite outstanding improvements in research of sports industry, a significant gap prevails with regard to proper quantification of economic benefits of this industry. Therefore, the current research is an attempt to filling this gap by proposing a specific economic model for the sports sector. This paper examines the data of sports industry covering the time span of 2012 to 2022 by using data mining technology for quantitative analyses. Deep learning algorithms and data mining techniques transform the gained information from sports industry databases into sophisticated economic models. The developed model then makes the efficient analysis of diverse datasets for underlying patterns and insights, crucial in realizing the economic trajectory of the industry. The findings of the study reveal the importance of sports industry for economic growth of China. Moreover, the application of deep learning algorithm highlights the importance of continuous learning and training on the economic data from the sports industry. It is, therefore, an entirely novel approach to build up an economic simulation framework using deep learning and data mining, tailored to the intricate dynamics of the sports industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: This entry provides a review of economic models of professional sports leagues with and without revenue sharing. These include models that assume profit-maximizing and win-maximizing (sportsmen) club owners. Both approaches predict that revenue sharing will reduce the demand for player talent, depress player salaries, and transfer revenue from large-market to small-market clubs, but they differ on league parity effects. Empirical work has been sparse due to financial data limitations and has not yielded definitive results on the parity issue. Despite the growing awareness of sports economics in the sports industry, the lack of consensus from theoretical models has resulted in sports leagues searching for an optimal revenue sharing policy. The difficulty in providing consistent policy prescriptions in models that incorporate revenue sharing, salary caps, and other league policies has made economic modeling of sports leagues very difficult and complex. While revenue sharing remains an interesting theoretical modeling issue, it has not bridged the gap to real-world league policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the undoubted importance of Public Relations (PR) in the sport industry and the increasing reliance on external PR agencies, the study of the PR agency – client relationship within this context remains in its infancy. In this study, we focus on the question, how can PR agencies develop and maintain strong relationships with their sport clients for the benefit to both parties? Qualitative data generated through semi-structured interviews with twenty "business elite informants" comprising senior PR agency executives reveal a new multi-layered conceptualization of the PR agency – client organization relationship. The findings uncover a "surface" layer to the relationship captured by a client satisfaction – dissatisfaction continuum, a core layer of relationship management and trust, to the deepest layer characterized by power (im)balance between the two parties. Uncovering the complex, nuanced and multi-layered dynamics of the relationship highlights effective PR outsourcing practices to be utilized for future value maximization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to highlight (1) how (if at all) social media is governed as a marketing communication channel and (2) whether there is conceptual congruence between board and executive staff with regards to social media in their organizations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with one board member and one executive staff member from 22 Canadian national sport organizations. Results suggest nil governance and strategic oversight of social media; however, board and executive staff are seemingly aligned in this position. While having conceptual congruence is important for the organization's collective achievement, it is inherently problematic that neither side sees value in moving the discussion of social media to a governing level given its implications on marketing communication efforts. At the board level, NSOs should proactively establish a digital strategy considering the importance of the social (and digital) media function in the 21st century sport business landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has impacted the sport industry across all contexts, including intercollegiate athletics. Specifically, research has found that the Collegiate Sport Addition Process (CSAP) to add or remove a sport for athletic departments in previous economic downturns must consider multiple factors. The current study builds on previous research by exploring the considerations of adding a sport through a buyer- seller interaction framework. Specifically, the current study explored whether sport governing bodies or coaching associations should attempt to sell their sport at the intercollegiate Conference level, rather than at the institution level. The current study used a survey to collect feedback from conference commissioners across the intercollegiate sport landscape. Through surveys and follow-up interviews, findings led to emergent themes of balance, viability, funding and revenue, and post-season opportunities as factors that conference personnel considered when deciding to add a sport. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of required remote work on work–family spillover within U.S. college sport. In particular, we examined the changes in work–family spillover (positive and negative), job commitment, and workaholism as employee's work environment changed from traditional work expectations to work from home, and if these changes were, at least partially, due to parental responsibilities. Data were collected from full-time, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic department employees (n = 1,139) in November 2019 and again in May 2020 following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and after the transition to remote work. Results showed that sport employees found a number of benefits associated with working remotely, including a significant decrease in negative work–family spillover. However, employees with children at home reported higher levels of negative family–work spillover after going to remote work. Workaholism was also higher after the move to remote work. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Internet big data, the extensive use of cloud data has promoted the development of various fields. In the field of sports, western contemporary sports are gradually influencing China's existing traditional sports and folk sports culture, thus the dominant position of China's traditional folk sports culture is threatened. In order to effectively carry out folk sports and better resist foreign sports culture, the public should be made aware of the importance of developing and protecting sports cultural heritage, and the government and other administrative departments can establish and designate corresponding management methods. In order to make people better understood cultural heritage, this paper created a data database with efficient retrieval function according to the characteristics of folk sports culture, sports form, historical data arrangement, figures and graphics. This paper designed a special website for the digital protection of folk sports culture, which can initially met the functions of network storage, display and academic exchange of folk sports cultural heritage. Under the concept of integrating data cloud, built a digital platform for folk sports cultural heritage, realized the flexible deployment and sharing of folk sports culture, and further promoted the integration of traditional sports cultural heritage protection and national fitness. The frequency of national fitness integration is 3–10 times. The development and protection of the digital platform for folk sports cultural heritage can enable people to better understand and understand cultural heritage. It effectively cultivated the cultural consciousness and initiative of the public to participate in the protection of cultural heritage for the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a systematic modeling framework, comprising a prediction model, a super-SBM model, and a spatial autocorrelation analysis model, to explore the spatial–temporal evolution tendencies of development efficiency within China's 30 regions in the low-carbon sports industry from 2006 to 2025. This framework aims to provide theoretical insights for the formulation of more targeted policies. Based on the empirical findings, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The optimal buffer operator grey prediction model demonstrates the highest accuracy among the prediction models examined. (2) The development efficiency curves of the 30 regions exhibit a significant increasing trend from 2006 to 2021, with values generally peaking between 0.4 and 0.6. (3) Notably, the disparity in development efficiency between developed and less developed regions is expected to progressively widen. (4) The development efficiency of the low-carbon sports industry across the 30 regions typically displays high-high clustering and low-low clustering during China's four five-year plan periods. This underscores the importance and urgency of promoting regional coordinated development within the low-carbon sports industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stopping competitions and the training process was a shock that sports organizations had to deal with. Financial problems forced them to rethink the situation. In Slovakia, this became critical. This is why we started to research this issue to provide an answer to the research question: What are the actual consequences of government measures on the sports industry? A survey was conducted including two questionnaires made available between the pandemic waves. The first questionnaire was designed for athletes and sports professionals (N = 1040). The second addressed sports organizations (N = 626). Questionnaires were accessible via sports organizations' portals. The ban on organizing mass sports events affected this industry. More than 80% of respondents had an experience of having to cancel a competition or training activity. This had an impact on their income as well as their future activities. We cooperate with government institutions and sports associations in Slovakia, so the results were provided to government officials. However, due to political changes accompanied by changes in the ministries responsible for the sports industry in Slovakia, it is relevant to summarize the research results in their present form. In this way they can serve as background for future sports policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper centres on the psychological impact of sports tourism, delineating its characteristics, connotations, and associated effects. It emphasizes that sports tourism achieves psychological outcomes among tourists through mechanisms such as diversion, moderate fatigue, physical enhancement, and character cultivation. These mechanisms underscore its significance as a crucial, civilized, and pragmatic fitness approach aimed at fostering individual well-being, longevity, and personal growth. Furthermore, it underscores the relevance of research into the psychological effects resulting from the interactive integration of sports tourism within the public domain, particularly investigations into the interplay between international sports organizations and sports tourism on public psychology. This study focuses on the integrated advancement of the sports industry and tourism within a specific province. It is discerned that the sports industry in this province exhibits a noticeable disparity compared to regions with more robust development, indicating a lack of alignment with overall economic progress, thereby necessitating expedited development efforts. Among these initiatives, integration with the tourism sector emerges as particularly pivotal. The research predominantly relies on data sourced from the China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) and relevant university library websites. A total of 380 literature resources pertaining to sports industry integration and 130 resources concerning the integration of the sports industry with tourism were gathered, alongside 60 dissertations. This paper delves into the integrated development of the sports industry and tourism within the province, revealing the existing gap between its sports industry and those of more developed provinces, highlighting the incongruity with broader economic trajectories. The confluence of sports and tourism is pronounced, facilitating reciprocal enrichment and the realization of shared benefits. Together, they foster a symbiotic relationship marked by the cultivation of a congenial milieu, the facilitation of social cohesion, and the augmentation of emotional engagement. Industrial integration, on the other hand, represents a developmental paradigm wherein diverse industries harmonize their industrial technologies, managerial practices, marketing resources, and market penetration strategies through collaborative restructuring initiatives under specific circumstances. Such endeavours transcend the constraints inherent in faltering sectors, drawing upon policy frameworks for support, leveraging cultural dynamics as a facilitative medium, and harnessing developmental imperatives while utilizing resources as conduits for advancement. The convergence of the sports and tourism industries signifies a forthcoming developmental trajectory. Market demand acts as a catalyst for integration, while resource sharing establishes the groundwork for such amalgamation. Interconnectedness and mutual reinforcement underscore the fundamental nature of fusion, with advancements in science and technology providing the requisite foundation for fusion-based technologies. The confluence of developmental pathways anticipates the potential for sustained fusion-driven progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teams are a fundamental aspect of life—from sports to business, to defense, to science, to education. While the cognitive sciences tend to focus on information processing within individuals, others have argued that teams are also capable of demonstrating cognitive capacities similar to humans, such as skill acquisition and forgetting (cf., Cooke, Gorman, Myers, & Duran, 2013; Fiore et al., 2010). As artificially intelligent and autonomous systems improve in their ability to learn, reason, interact, and coordinate with human teammates combined with the observation that teams can express cognitive capacities typically seen in individuals, a cognitive science of teams is emerging. Consequently, new questions are being asked about teams regarding teamness, trust, the introduction and effects of autonomous systems on teams, and how best to measure team behavior and phenomena. In this topic, four facets of human‐autonomy team cognition are introduced with leaders in the field providing in‐depth articles associated with one or more of the facets: (1) defining teams; (2) how trust is established, maintained, and repaired when broken; (3) autonomous systems operating as teammates; and (4) metrics for evaluating team cognition across communication, coordination, and performance. Teams are a fundamental aspect of life. The cognitive sciences have sought to understand and explain cognitive processes and capacities by focusing on the individual. The current topic focuses on facets of an emerging cognitive science of teams: how to define teams, trust within and across teams, artificially intelligent teammates, and how to effectively measure team processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy (DE) is characterized by high efficiency and being green, intelligent and innovative, which means that it can reduce carbon emissions and empower the green development of the sports industry. Therefore, exploring the relationship between digital economy and carbon emissions in the sports industry holds great significance. Based on 2010-2021 panel data covering 30 provinces in China, the digital economy development level (DEL) and carbon emissions of the sports industry (CESI) are measured. Then, a two-way fixed effect model, threshold effect model and spatial Durbin model are used to examine the impact of the digital economy on the carbon emissions of the sports industry. The results show the following: (1) After multiple tests, the development of the digital economy has a significant inhibitory effect on the CESI; in other words, the development of the digital economy can drive the low-carbon development of the sports industry. (2) The influence of the development of the digital economy on the CESI has a nonlinear feature of an increasing marginal effect and a spatial spillover effect. (3) From the perspective of regional heterogeneity, the development dividend of the digital economy in the developed eastern region of China is greater than that in the less developed central and western regions, having a more significant impact on the low-carbon development of the sports industry. Therefore, it is necessary for China to speed up the construction of digital infrastructure, build an integrated layout of digital infrastructure, give full play to the radiating role of the digital economy, and implement differentiated development paths based on regional comparative advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gather insights from sport marketing professionals and identify key opportunities, challenges and knowledge that sport marketing educators and researchers could utilize in developing curriculum and research agendas. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative approach was used, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 sport marketing professionals. Participants were asked questions related to the knowledge, skills and experiences that they believe are important for students to have to be successful in the industry, as well as the types of research that would be most useful in their day-to-day work. Findings: Industry professionals noted collaboration, transformation in digital marketing, data and analytics and experiential marketing as key trends facing the industry today. The findings suggest that sport marketing curriculum should focus on soft skill development such as communication, relationship building and empathy alongside hard skill development such as data analysis and storytelling. As well, findings show research areas where scholars can aid practitioners with a focus on consumer insights, technology, measuring ROI and experiential marketing. Originality/value: With these findings, educators and scholars can better prepare students for successful careers in industry and contribute to the ongoing advancement of the scholarly field. This study serves as a starting point for further research in this area, and it is hoped that it will spark continued collaboration between academia and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong body of work in the financial corporate governance realm that analyses the impact of gender diversity on financial sustainability and suggests commercial implications of the inclusion of women in decision-making. Sport governance research has yet to consider the financial benefits of greater gender diversity and the research pool of knowledge is predominantly focused on skills benefits. This commentary offers a brief summary of the business and sport governance literature and proposes an interdisciplinary research agenda that aligns financial and diversity aims. A wider research pool of knowledge around the impact of diversity in governance on football clubs is recommended. Research in this area can support football executives' understanding of increasing gender diversity (on boards and in other areas) as a form of competitive advantage and financial sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the processes of cultural transfer and cross-pollination within four diasporic DanceSport studios located in major cities in Canada. It focuses on first- and second-generation Soviet-Canadian competitive ballroom dancers and their experiences with identity as a diasporic community. Through an ethnographic study, it explores the adaptations of these dancers to the Canadian DanceSport industry and the roots of their teaching methodologies in Soviet physical culture. Using narrative vignettes based on fieldwork and examined through a Dance Studies lens, this article shows how the participants navigated the expectations of their parents' and coaches' traditional Soviet upbringing and used multicultural identities in their approach to dance practice and daily interactions. This analysis is tied to the parallel yet divergent evolution of educational methodologies in the former USSR and Canada and illustrates how the DanceSport industry was nudged by these migrant dancers toward a focus on athletic excellence, while the dancers themselves adapted to social dance pedagogy and commercialization of ballroom dance in North America. Using interview excerpts and observations, this research gives voice to practitioners and aims to increase awareness of migration flows and cultural influences in DanceSport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, Blockchain Technology, the underlying technology of Bitcoin has gained a lot of popularity and interest in various industries, varying from the healthcare industry, Internet-of-Things, smart grid, and supply chain management. Sports is one industry where blockchain can have significant breakthroughs where it can reshape the way the sports industry works by providing reliable athlete data management, secure mechanisms for data sharing, reforming the event management practices, collectibles traceability, and many more, but so far its impact is overshadowed by the hype surrounding the use of fan tokens and Non-Fungible-Tokens (NFT) collectibles. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the ongoing research on the application of blockchain in the sports industry. this work shows that many studies have proposed different use cases for the application of blockchain in the sports industry on and off the field and targeting different stakeholders. However, we inferred a lack of adequate prototype implementations to evaluate the effectiveness of these proposed use cases. We further highlighted the technical details of the implementation of these blockchain-based applications, their limitations, and challenges, and proposed some solutions to support the integration of blockchain in this domain. The findings of this work will be beneficial for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the sports industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sports and fitness industry, like the semiconductor sector, thrives on rapid innovation and the continuous development of new technologies. To maintain competitiveness, this industry relies on a steady stream of skilled entrepreneurs who are adept at navigating technological advancements and fostering collaborative partnerships. This study applies the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) model, successful in the semiconductor industry, to the sports and fitness sector. It explores how this model can enhance the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurial talents, focusing on critical skill development and the integration of reliable, high-quality data into training programs. This approach promises to advance the industry by ensuring that professionals are well-prepared to lead and innovate in an ever-evolving market landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It holds that the ecological world is an organic whole with internal relations, and that man, nature and society are a dynamic and harmonious unity, and advocates the establishment of a new relationship between man, nature and society. The construction of ecological sports park can not only meet the public's rigid demand for fitness places, promote the orderly progress of national fitness, but also promote the development of ecological sports. Therefore, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the ecosystem efficiency of leisure sports industry by measuring the green total factor productivity. In this paper, the coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the coordination level of sports elements subsystem and ecological environment subsystem. The results show that: from the analysis of coupling trend, the coupling coordination between sports and ecological environment elements in the leisure sports industry in the eastern, central and western regions of China is generally on the rise from 2010 to 2021. The simulation results of the system are consistent with the historical results. The relative error of the simulation results of the main factors of the system is basically controlled within 10%, and the average error is less than 5%. It shows that the optimization strategies of sports development should include constructing modern leisure sports industry system and protecting natural resources. Strengthen the overall coordination of industries and promote the rational allocation of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk management involves thinking about what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of this event. The vast majority of standards relating to risk management were written in the context of Occupational Health and Safety, as well as Work Health and Safety with the aim of eliminating all risks. In 2023 Standards, Australia published AS ISO 4980:2023: 'Benefit-risk assessment for sport and recreational facilities, activities and equipment'. This standard provides a tool for applying risk management in the context of sport and recreation. AS ISO 4980:2023 is a departure from the traditional view of risk management standards in that it presents a view of risk that is not limited to viewing risk only as negative, but rather balances positive benefits with negative risks within the sport and recreation industry. This standard is also different in that it is based specifically on risk to sport and recreational users and not to employees and employers. The benefit that risk provides in the context of sports and recreational activities is placed on an equal footing with the traditional method of assessing risk. There is an expectation in sports and recreational activities that the user is making an implicit trade-off between the benefits and the inherent risks of the activity, including the potential for harm. This implied expectation is that exposure to risk can be positive. Positive risk and learning from making mistakes are not restricted to childhood development where graduated challenges are used but extend throughout our entire life. The goal of this paper is to draw public attention to the new and different perspective of risk on which AS ISO 4980:2023 is based and to provide an understanding of the concept of benefit–risk assessment. The implications of viewing non-workplace risk in a balanced way are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the sport industry witnesses a surge in the type and volume of data-driven decisions, the general question of the process of information development remains: how is data used to develop meaningful information? And does the presence of novel quantitative data sources lend greater objectivity to match analysis? Study 1 examines how 12 football analysts use the same qualitative (video) and quantitative (event and position) data to develop information constituting a typical opponent report for an upcoming match, while Study 2 investigates the agreement between grade evaluations of these opponent reports by numerous professional coaches. Findings of Study 1 through independent-samples t -tests (t (18) = 3.922, p = 0.001) indicate a clear dominance of qualitative video data over quantitative event and position data in all opponent reports. Despite the presence of quantitative data sources, analysts tend to prefer annotated video data. Possible relations to previous experience and familiarity with data, coach–analyst preferences and biases are discussed. Results from Study 2 show extremely weak intra-class correlations (ICC) (r = 0.147; p = 0.011) between different grades awarded to the same video, depicting a clear lack of agreement in what coaches consider a good opponent report. Furthermore, coaches most valued the comprehensibility and relevance of the report. No significant associations were found between use of either data type and better grades. The subjectivity of the coaching process highlighting preferences regarding data validity and negotiations of adopting new key performance indicators (KPIs) is discussed, alongside limitations of the sample as well as the level of coach–analysts involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past 20 years, the concept of event leverage has underpinned a variety of academic research across different event settings and with diverse goals in mind. Despite the significant increase in event leverage publications as well as growing interest from event planners and policymakers, scholars have yet to synthesize academic contributions in this burgeoning field. Our systematic review addressed this issue and provides a new agenda for event leverage research. We conducted a systematic review of event leverage literature that followed a well-established six-step process. Specifically, we identified and interrogated 92 relevant publications to determine key findings. We identified a growing trend of event leverage publications overall; a publication focus on (sport) business/management and tourism/hospitality journals; a predominance of mega- and large-scale event settings; a concentration on business/economic and social goals; a strong emphasis on empirical studies with qualitative research approaches; and a lack of research contributions from scholars in low-and middle-income countries. Based on our findings, we discuss practical and theoretical implications and conclude by proposing a future agenda for event leverage research that recommends an advancement of leverage conceptualizations; a diversification of research contexts and benefactors; a specification of focal outcomes related to a different event types and sizes; an expansion of perspectives including an acknowledgement of changes over time; and a clarification of terminology used in event leverage scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: "The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors affecting the dynamics of sports business after the COVID-19 pandemic and to find ways to meet the needs of having clear foresight and radical progress in this constantly changing environment. Methods This research was of a qualitative type, using the thematic analysis method. The statistical population includes managers of sports businesses, faculty members of entrepreneurial management faculties, faculty members of physical education and sports science faculties with expertise in entrepreneurship and business management, and members of the employment and entrepreneurship working group of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. We used the snowball sampling method to select the research sample. A total of 19 interviews were conducted and recorded in this study. Findings In this research, six themes were identified: management capabilities with three factors, organizational capabilities with three factors, marketing capabilities with four factors, technological capabilities with two factors, macro level challenges with four factors, and networking capabilities with three factors. Conclusions Considering the extent and importance of sports businesses, as well as the unique features of this type of business, identifying the factors that affect the dynamics can help sports businesses in organizational planning to get out of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on clusters has highlighted that some geographical areas display superior conditions to nurture concentrations of businesses locally. But why do certain industries—despite ascribing their origin to specific locations—emerge away from their birthplace? We qualitatively investigate the influence that the town of Arco, Italy, and its periodic event "RockMaster" exerted on the emergence of the global sport climbing industry. We advance the concept of "catalyzing places" that support industry emergence and growth through an ongoing, cyclical process of three forces: "centripetal" (i.e., attracting), "catalyzing" (i.e., reacting), and "centrifugal" (i.e., ejecting). The forces attract communities of practice to the place, expose them to intense, transformational experiences toward entrepreneurship, and induce them to establish their businesses elsewhere. By redeploying the resources and reputation acquired in the place, these scattered communities enact a collective phenomenon of user entrepreneurship and ultimately industry emergence. We claim that the ongoing activities of the place, and the periodic ones of the event, are mutually reinforcing. We advance two novel elements—"portable economies" and "springboard firms"—that, in catalyzing places, exert the antithetical effect of "agglomeration economies" and "anchor firms" in clusters. We discuss our contribution to research on industry emergence, new practices, and user entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sport industry has an enormous influence on today's society, and the various media platforms and stakeholders have a considerable share of that influence. Sport communication has an essential part in that impact. The strong identification consumers create and develop with sports brands has a huge meaning in their lives. In the sphere of consumer neuroscience, there are few studies on the sport industry. This commentary launches possible research ideas, namely about the importance of brand strength in consumers' minds, as well as the true impact that consumer identification (i.e., fan identity) has on the sport industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This anthology, presented in four volumes and comprising nearly one hundred peer-reviewed articles, provides a comprehensive and invaluable study of the multifaceted world of sports. As is the case throughout the four volumes, these articles are comprehensive, clearly written, and provide extensive references (sometimes providing articles and book as well as websites and films). The business and culture of sports: society, politics, economy, environment: by Joseph Maguire, Editor in Chief; Mark Falcous and Katie Liston, Associate Editors, Published by Gale-Cengage Press, 2019, Four Volumes, Volume 1 (xxxi +335 pp.);. [Extracted from the article]

Business intelligence (BI) technologies can help firms optimize revenue and expenses if acquired and deployed proficiently. In parallel, the sport industry's shift toward digitization is being driven by an influx of new, technology-savvy owners and managers. It follows that owners who are business intelligence experts could make their sport organizations more profitable. This paper models 14 years of Major League Baseball data to explore the degree to which owners with business intelligence career experience affect their organization's operating margin through (a) optimizing revenue and (b) enhancing cost efficiency. It further explores owners' knowledge accrual as a moderator in this process. Results suggest the effect of business intelligence expertise on margins is positive, but small. Margin increases were attained by spending more efficiently on labor, not by generating more revenue. These mediating effects were moderated by knowledge accrual, such that a longer tenure increased the early-tenure advantages of BI career experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide a scientific and extensive review of behavioral intention studies in sports marketing research. Also, it informs directions for further studies that help in progressing sports marketing research. 362 articles were extracted using the Scopus database, and an extensive review of these articles was performed using the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software tools. The performance analysis reveals the most influential articles, authors, sources, organizations, and countries in this domain. The thematic map and trend topic show the domain’s development and relevance. The co-citation network revealed four distinct research clusters, themed (a) Sponsorship in sports marketing, (b) Sports as service, (c) Behavioral intention analysis methods in Sports marketing, and (d) Theories and concepts. Finally, the results are summarized using the Theory, Context, and Methodology (TCM) framework. Along with the TCM framework, cluster analysis will also provide avenues for further studies in the form of research questions pertaining to each research cluster.

With a rapidly growing sports industry worldwide, one may argue that sports industry agglomeration can play a crucial role in the economy of the sports industry. In particularly, the coupling linkage between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience can be leveraged to promote both economic quality and efficiency. Based on data on three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region during the 2011–2020 period, this study uses the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, coupling coordination degree model, and relative development models to explore the coupling coordination relationship between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience in this region. The results show that: (1) Sports industry agglomeration shows an overall increasing albeit fluctuating trend with inter-provincial differences. (2) Economic resilience has steadily increased, while the economic resilience kernel density curve generally shows a "dual peaks" trend. (3) The coupling coordination between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience remains in a fluctuating, albeit coordinated state. These findings are relevant for the integration and high-quality development of the sports industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The development of the digital economy constitutes a key component of China's endeavors to advance towards "Digital China." The sports industry functions as a new catalyst for high-quality economic growth. This study systematically evaluated the integration between these two sectors. Methods: First, we conducted two levels of grey relational analysis to assess their integration between 2016 and 2021. Second, we conducted a VAR analysis to determine whether their integration between 2009 and 2021 represents a causal relationship. Results: At the macro level, the grey relational analysis reveals that the sports industry (grade = 0.770) ranked second among China's eight key economic sectors in terms of digital economy integration. At the meso level, a wide variation (ranging from 0.606 to 0.789) existed in the grade of integration between the digital economy and the sub-sectors of the sports industry. According to the VAR model, the digital economy does not Granger cause (p = 0.344) the growth of the sports industry. Conclusions: This study yielded two added values to the existing literature: First, there exists a sectoral imbalance in the digitization process; second, the explosive growth of the sports industry was not primarily caused by the digital economy. Accordingly, the "sports + digital" complex is still in the first wave of technological integration. We propose three policy recommendations, namely, sectoral synergistic development, overtaking via esports IP, and new economy and new regulation. Collectively, these findings provide updated insights for the digital transformation towards "building a leading sports nation" and "Digital China." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sport plays a significant role in shaping social life, the health of the nation and the development of regions. Studying the impact of the sports industry on the quality of life and regional development can help to better understand how sports influence the social, economic and cultural aspects of people's lives. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the sports industry on the quality of life and human development in developed and developing countries by analyzing the correlation and modeling of recognized world indices. Methods: The research employed correlation analysis, regression analysis, and scenario modeling, utilizing publicly available international indices to determine the level of impact of sports on the country's development indicators. While investment in sports development may not be a straightforward decision for developing countries facing socio‐economic challenges, the study demonstrated the long‐term benefits of such investments through evidence‐based mathematical regression models and scenario modeling. Results: The study findings revealed that the advancement of the sports industry leads to improvements in the quality of life and human development in most of the studied regions. Conclusion: Moreover, the scenario modeling suggested that the evolution of this field would further enhance the development of the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domain of sport entrepreneurship has become firmly established in the scientific community, but there remains an ongoing debate about the true meaning of sport entrepreneurship. Is sport entrepreneurship a distinct characteristic of sport, or is it a deduction of innovative behavior to create business in sport? Current conceptual progress is limited in important aspects of opportunity exploitation and value creation. This study offers a fundamental reconciliation based on a thorough literature review on the distinct nature of sport and theoretical constructs of entrepreneurial research to decode and recompose the concept of sport entrepreneurship. The presented effort towards a universally accepted definition is based on a process perspective and by integrating sport-related social entrepreneurship, this study is a prelude to improve the coherence of the future paradigm of sport entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]