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Purpose: To investigate the discoloration and surface properties of four CAD/CAM composite resins following storage in various food solutions and exposure to cigarette smoke. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 specimens (N = 370) were prepared for five materials: Brilliant Crios (BC), Cerasmart (GC), Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu Block HC (SH), and Sonic Fill 2 (SO). Discoloration (ΔE) was investigated with a spectrophotometer. Measurements were taken before immersion in storage media (carrot juice, curry, cigarette smoke, red wine, energy drink, and distilled water), after 2 weeks of immersion, and after manual polishing of the specimens following immersion. The average surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a profilometer. Qualitative surface observation was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. Results: The highest influence on ΔE after immersion was observed for storage medium (ηP 2 = 0.878, P < .001), followed by the interaction between storage medium and material (ηP 2 = 0.770, P < .001) and material (ηP 2 = 0.306, P < .001). For ΔE after polishing, the highest influence was indicated by the interaction between material and medium (ηP 2 = 0.554, P < .001), followed by medium (ηP 2 = 0.244, P < .001) and material (ηP 2 = 0.196, P < .001). Immersion in carrot juice led to the highest color change (ΔE: 8.0 to 10.4), whereas the lowest values were recorded in distilled water (ΔE: 2.0 to 2.4). Carrot juice and the energy drink caused the highest Ra values (0.120 μm to 0.355 μm). SEM pictures indicated a loss of the organic matrix after manual polishing. Conclusion: The different materials reacted dissimilarly to the various storage media in terms of discoloration. Surface roughness increased after immersion or polishing. Neither discoloration nor surface roughness could be reset to default by manual polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthoses and prostheses (O&P) play crucial roles in assisting individuals with limb deformities or amputations. Proper material selection for these devices is imperative to ensure mechanical robustness and biocompatibility. While traditional manufacturing methods have limitations in terms of customization and reproducibility, additive manufacturing, particularly pellet extrusion (PEX), offers promising advancements. In applications involving direct contact with the skin, it is essential for materials to meet safety standards to prevent skin irritation. Hence, this study investigates the biocompatibility of different thermoplastic polymers intended for skin-contact applications manufactured through PEX. Surface morphology analysis revealed distinct characteristics among materials, with TPE-70ShA exhibiting notable irregularities. Cytotoxicity assessments using L929 fibroblasts indicated non-toxic responses for most materials, except for TPE-70ShA, highlighting the importance of material composition in biocompatibility. Our findings underscore the significance of adhering to safety standards in material selection and manufacturing processes for medical devices. While this study provides valuable insights, further research is warranted to investigate the specific effects of individual ingredients and explore additional parameters influencing material biocompatibility. Overall, healthcare practitioners must prioritize patient safety by meticulously selecting materials and adhering to regulatory standards in O&P manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability of maxillary diagnostic casts fabricated from a biobased model resin, which consists of 50% renewable raw materials for sustainable production, a model resin, and stone, over one month. A master maxillary stone cast was digitized with a laboratory scanner to generate a reference file. This master cast was also scanned with an intraoral scanner to additively manufacture casts with a biobased model resin (BAM) and a model resin (AM). Polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the master cast were also made and poured in type III stone (CV) (n = 8). The same laboratory scanner was used to digitize each model one day (T0), 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 weeks (T3), and 4 weeks (T4) after fabrication. Deviations from the reference file were calculated with an analysis software and analyzed with generalized linear model analysis (α = 0.05). The interaction between the material and the time point affected measured deviations (p < 0.001). Regardless of the time point, CV had the lowest and AM had the highest deviations (p < 0.001). BAM mostly had lower deviations at T0 and mostly had higher deviations at T4 (p ≤ 0.011). AM had the highest deviations at T4 and then at T3, whereas it had the lowest deviations at T0 (p ≤ 0.002). The measured deviations of CV increased after each time point (p < 0.001). BAM casts had deviations within the previously reported clinically acceptable thresholds over one month and had acceptable dimensional stability. Therefore, tested biobased resin may be a viable alternative for the sustainable manufacturing of maxillary diagnostic casts that are to be used clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The summary of the article "Current State of Extrusion Processes in Dental Technology" describes the increasing importance of additive manufacturing in dental technology. The article provides an overview of the extrusion process, its applications, manufacturers, and various studies. It also presents future application possibilities. The most well-known extrusion process is the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process, in which a thermoplastic polymer is melted and deposited on a build platform. Other materials such as ceramic or biological materials are also used. Various applications and indications for filament devices in dentistry are discussed. The article describes various materials and manufacturers used in additive manufacturing in dentistry. Various applications such as models, impression trays, complete dentures, facebow connectors, and inlays are mentioned. It emphasizes that multimaterial printing offers many possibilities but also brings challenges. Compared to other additive processes, extrusion processes are still imprecise but more environmentally friendly. The interest in additive technologies in education is also mentioned. The present bibliography includes various scientific articles and studies on the topic of 3D printing in dentistry. The articles cover various aspects such as the production of sports mouthguards, dental prosthetics, temporaries, and implant guide templates using 3D printing technology. Various materials and processes are examined, including polyamides, polyphenylsulfone, polylactic acid, and lithium disilicate. The articles provide information on the accuracy, mechanical properties, and aesthetic quality of the printed products. The authors conclude that 3D printing in dentistry offers promising opportunities to develop more efficient and precise solutions. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To investigate the effects of printing-layer thickness and build angle on the surface characteristics and microbial adhesion of denture base polymers manufactured by digital light processing (DLP). Methods: Specimens were additively manufactured using DLP. The specimens were printed with different printing-layer thicknesses (25, 50, and 100 µm) and build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface topography, and the arithmetical mean heights (Sa) were measured. Moreover, the initial Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion to the specimens was evaluated using an adhesion test. Finally, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were conducted. Results: The results regarding the Sa values exhibited a statistically significant interaction (F (4, 45) = 90.77, P < 0.0001). The build angle has a significant impact on the surface topography. Furthermore, quantitative results revealed that the printing-layer thickness significantly affected C. albicans adhesion (F (2, 99) = 6.96, P = 0.0015). Conclusions: The surface roughness was significantly affected by the printing-layer thickness and the build angle. Additionally, the surface topography was mainly determined by the build angle. Furthermore, the adhesion of C. albicans to the DLP-printed denture surfaces was significantly affected by the printing-layer thickness but not by the build angle. Consequently, it is critical to decrease the thickness of the printing layer to produce digital dentures with optimal material properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]