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The first modern Parliament in Spanish history held its opening session on 24 September 1810 and was known as ‘Cortes de Cádiz’. It was conceived in light of the FrenchAssemblée Nationalpattern, as most members of Spanish liberalism admired French revolutionary political thought. However, an alternative had already been put forward. From 1808 to 1810, the most prominent character in the Spanish Enlightenment, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, had tried to promote the establishment of a Spanish Assembly similar to the British parliament. Supported by two British figures, Lord Holland and John Allen, Jovellanos designed a detailed plan to introduce the British system of a ‘balanced constitution’ in Spain for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The article discusses the liberal thought of Spanish jurist Francisco Martínez Marina in relation to the 1812 Spanish Constitution. Topics include the relation of liberalism to Scholastic philosophy in the thought of Martínez Marina, communitarian aspects of Spanish political philosophy, and the role of the monarchy in his thinking.

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the patriotic fervor in Spain following the Napoleonic invasion and French occupation of the country from 1810-1814. The author comments on the restoration of the Ancien Régime in the region of Lérida at the time and describes the social, economic, political, and religious conditions there as a result. He also examines the restoration of King Ferdinand VII and the impact this had on the region. The anti-French sentiment, including a rejection of liberal ideas and aspects of French culture, is also explored.

This article discusses the history and development of the Secretaría del Despacho (Kingdom's Government Office Bureau) by Article 222 of the Constitución de Cádiz (Cádiz Constitution) of 1812. The author comments on the role and importance of this Spanish governmental department in the Iberian Peninsula region and describes its evolution since its inception in the early 19th century. A document written by government official José Señán proposing the creation of this office at the time is also reprinted.

Copyright of Rocky Mountain Review of Language & Literature (1948-2833) is the property of Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the political process involved in the election of members of the Cortes de Cádiz (Courts of Cadiz) in Spain, with a particular focus on the period from 1810-1813. The author comments on the representatives elected from the region of Catalonia to the Cortes and describes their absolutist ideologies and social standings. He also consults various historical documents, such as the "Diccionario Biográfico de los Parlamentarios Españoles" and the Parliamentary Archives, and offers a prosopographic analysis of these Catalan politicians and the elections themselves.

This article discusses the history and establishment of laws related to the freedom of the press in Spain enacted by the Cortes de Cádiz political assembly in the early 19th century. The author comments on the laws included in the Spanish constitution between 1808-1810 related to freedom of the press. The influence of the French Bourbon dynasty operating in Spain at the time is also examined.

This article discusses the history and development of the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The author comments on the influence of the constitution on the Spanish colonies in the Americas, including the establishment of provincial governments and representative assemblies. He also considers the eventual independence movements in Latin America during the first half of the 19th century.

This article discusses the influence of the Spanish Cádiz Constitution of 1812 on the political systems of the territories in the Americas. The author comments on the development of the concept of sovereignty in the region and describes the political changes that occurred in the first third of the 19th century in Latin America as a result.

This article discusses the political influence of the 1812 Constitución de Cádiz (Cádiz Constitution) of Spain on the development of the Argentine constitution. The author comments on the political environment in both Argentina and Spain during the early 19th century. The role of the Argentine Asamblea General (General Assembly) on the establishment of the country's constitution is also explored.

This article discusses the concepts of sovereignty, political legitimacy, and political power as established by the Cortes Generales (General Courts) of Spain during the early 19th century. The author comments on the influence of this enacted legislation on Spanish territories in the Americas, including Argentina and Chile. Civil and political rights in these regions are also examined.

This article discusses the political representation in the Spanish colonies in the Americas during the early 19th century. The author comments on the role of the Cortes de Cádiz, the Spanish national assembly established in 1810. He also considers the evolution of the concept of citizenship, civil rights, and political equality during this period.

This article discusses the history and development of a liberal political system in Spain as a result of the Cortes de Cádiz, the Spanish political assembly, in the early 19th century. The author comments on the establishment of civil and political rights, such as freedom of the press, as well as constitutional laws as a result. He also considers the social and economic impact of the constitution.

The article presents an analysis of the letter titled "Exhorto a la obediencia del rey," written by Franciscan friar Cirilo Alameda y Brea in 1820, in order to discuss the position of the Franciscan order towards the Independence of Mexico at the beginning of the 19th century. Particular focus is given to the Franciscan educational institution Colegio Real y Pontificio de la Purísima Concepción de Celaya, located in Celaya, Mexico. Topics discussed include the political context of Cádiz, Spain, particularly the Cádiz Constitution of 1812, the historical role of king Fernando VII, and politics in Nueva España or New Spain, now modern day Mexico. A transcription of the document is also included.

The article intends to review the discussions on education in three moments of the Spanish constitutional history: 1812, 1931, and 1978. Based on the analysis of the records of the parliamentary debates in each constitutional process, it comes to the conclusion that in 1812, and in 1978, a consensus was attained by the main political forces present in Parliament, whereas in 1931 a very important sector of Parliament, and of Spanish society (roman catholic) was excluded from the main decisions regarding education. Anyway, it must be remembered the importance of these debates in the different constitutional processes, even if the discussions sometimes appear as being not very deep. The main conclusion is that solutions adopted by the consensual method have been more durable than those imposed, and the lesson which was learned in 1978 is that it was necessary to combine recognition of the right to education of everybody, and freedom of education, as the basic principles of the regulation of educative matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the political aspects of the Peninsular War in the early 19th century, known in Spain as the Guerra de la Independencia Española (War of Spanish Independence). The author examines documents and other archived sources in the Portal de Archivos Españoles (Spanish Archives Portal), PARES, which has digitized such resources. He also analyzes the political institutions involved in the Peninsular War, particularly those of the French and Spanish governments. The history of the development of these national archives is also explored.

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Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of OHM: Obradoiro de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the following issues: the preparation of the Cadiz Cortes and the election of Catalan members of parliament; the action of the Catalan ecclesiastics who were appointed members of the extraordinary and ordinary Cortes; and the reaction of the Catalan bishops to the measures taken by the Cortes, published in the Instruction of their Excellencies, the Bishops of Lérida, Tortosa, Barcelona, Urgel, Teruel and Pamplona to the clergy and the faithful of their dioceses, dated December 12, 1812. One of the principal clergymen who participated in the meetings of the Cortes was Jaume Creus i Martí, who advocated traditionalist principles like the preservation of the Holy Tribunal of the Inquisition. Another major participant was Josep Espiga i Gadea, staunch defender of liberal ideals. The Catalan bishops, in the Instruction, protested against the decrees promulgated by the Cadiz Cortes. The objective of their Instruction was to uproot erroneous doctrines that Spanish philosophers supported and were endorsed by the newspapers of the Cortes. These doctrines, which were based on anticlericalism, fomented contempt towards Church ministers, and engaged in violent criticism of the discipline, immunity and teachings of the Church. The ultimate aim of these doctrines was to eradicate Christianity in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the writings of Spanish lawyer Pascual Bolaños y Novoa, who witnessed the Napoleonic Conquest of Spain during the Peninsular War and the subsequent development of Spanish liberalism at the start of the 19th century. It examines the question of the succession to the Spanish throne after the defeat of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and the breakup of his dominion in the first half of the 1800s. The author also provides a brief biography of Bolaños y Novoa and explores his ideas regarding the violation of civil rights under the French government.

The article discusses the history Cortes de Cádiz, a 19th century Spanish legislative assembly that was responsible for achievements such as the 1812 Spanish Constitution, legislation concerning freedom of the press, labor laws, and the creation of political parties which included representation by delegates from the colonies in Latin America. The author examines the historical, political, and social implications of the courts in relation to the process of transformation from the old regime to the liberal state that was reversed by the policies of Spanish King Ferdinand VII.

The article discusses the historical events surrounding the Spanish Constitution of 1812, also known as the constitution of Cadiz, which established the liberal principles of universal suffrage, national sovereignty, freedom of the press, agrarian reform, and free enterprise. German historiography about the constitution is reviewed, particularly a study by Andreas Timmermann on the document examining its attitude toward the Spanish monarchy, its implicit compromises between political radicals and liberals, and its social agenda.

The article presents documents on the beginnings of the Peninsular War in Spain, leading to the Napoleonic conquests in 1808. The first document discusses the military junta appointed by Spanish King Ferdinand VII to confront the invading forces of French leader Napoleon Bonaparte and the resulting power struggles between Ferdinand VII, Charles IV, and the junta. A collection of meeting summaries is presented from members of the military junta regarding administrative and military actions in response to Napoleon's forces. The article also presents a series of letters between Spanish military officials about Napoleon's invasion of Jaén, Spain in June and July of 1808, which was a prelude to the battle of Bailén, Spain on July 19, 1808.

The article discusses the historiography of the revolutionary and emancipatory movements in Spain and its American colonies at the beginning of the 18th century. The author discusses the change in political system from monarchy to republics, considers its social and political impact in Latin America and Spain and reflects on the historiography of the 19th century Iberoamerican world.

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers the Bayonne Constitution of 1808, which determined that Joseph-Napoleon Bonaparte would rule as king of Spain (as Joseph I) and its colonies in the Americas. The author comments on the situation in Spain leading up to the Constitution, which centered around a dispute over the country's rightful ruler, Carlos IV and his son Ferdinand VII, both of Spain, or Bonaparte of France. He also discusses the effects of the Bayonne Constitution on the Spanish colonies in the Americas, particularly in Guatemala.

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents some of the topics covered in this issue including the historiography of the Spanish political crisis in 1808 and the crises in the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Rio de la Plata.

This article emphasizes the importance of the Constitution of Cádiz in America. The Hispanic Cortes, established in Cádiz, included the colonis as equals. This essay demonstrates that the people of America swore allegiance to the Charter as well as the Cortes' decrees and that, moreover, the new political order was applied in the World. The publication—a public ceremony—and application of the Constitution throughout the territories of the Spanish Monarchy was crucial for their subsequent development as liberal states after independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of French occupation, the people of Spain in 1809 organized a Junta Suprema Central y Gubernativa del Reino (Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom) to represent all the Spanish Monarchy, including the American territories, to coordinate resistance against the French and to sustain and finance the Monarchy in the absence of the Spanish king. Elections of representatives to the Junta Central were held throughout the Spanish world during the year. This article relates the processes and results of the elections in New Spain and examines their importance in the development of a democratic political culture in pre-independence Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]