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The utilization of core‐spun yarns with spandex has achieved significant interest over the past decade because of their exceptional stretchability, resilience, and comfort features. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of changing the spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of 16 Ne core spun yarn and the produced denim fabric using these yarns as weft. Core‐spun yarns were produced from three different spandex deniers at various TM values, where cotton roving was used as the sheath. Fabrics were manufactured using an air‐jet weaving machine with the core spun yarn as weft and 100% ring cotton yarn as warp (12 Ne) following the identical 3/1 twill weave pattern. Results reveal that using different spandex percentages shows better results at different TM parameters. Both yarn and fabric were attained at a twist multiplier of 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 for 40, 70, and 105 D, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that the yarn produced using lower spandex denier gives higher tenacity for yarn and fabric. However, the yarn produced using a higher spandex denier gives higher elongation percentage for yarn, higher tear strength, recovery, and lower growth percentage fabric. Highlights: Influence of spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of core‐spun yarn and the resulting denim fabric.The higher spandex denier exhibited greater tear strength, better recovery, and lower fabric growth percentages.Increasing the twist multiplier initially increased the tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns and fabrics, followed by a decrease.Higher spandex percentages reduced hairiness and increased with higher twist levels.Higher spandex denier indicates the need for tailored TM settings based on spandex denier to achieve desired fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colour fading with laser application has now become a well‐known and frequently used process in the denim industry. However, in practice, high strength losses and even tears may occur in the trousers as a result of incorrect or excessive laser application. In this study, the effects of resolution (dpi) and pixel time (μs), which are the two main parameters of laser colour fading, and also the effects of two‐passage laser treatments on colour fading and fabric strength were examined statistically and optimum conditions were determined. When the results of the studies are evaluated in general, it can be said that as the resolution (dpi) increases during the laser process, the colour fading effect increases, but when it is above the 31 dpi value, the strength loss increases excessively. As the second important parameter, the pixel time, increased, the colour fading effect increased. When the time exceeds 80 μs, there is a marginal increase in the strength loss value. Furthermore, it was observed that colour fading (%) values increase if laser process is applied in two passages, but in this case also the tear strength loss increases. It can be said that optimising the laser processing conditions in enterprises according to the product type (fibre content, weight, etc.) is a more accurate approach in terms of both the fading performance to be obtained and product quality. For 11.25 ounce trousers made of 95.3% cotton/3.4% polyester (T400)/1.3% elastane used in this study, it can be said that laser application could be made in two passages if necessary for obtaining high colour fading, however it should be noted that resolution and pixel time should not exceed 31 dpi and 80 μs, respectively. Provided that resolution and pixel time does not exceed 31 dpi and 80 μs, respectively, they can be changed depending on the degree of colour fading needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The utilization of core‐spun yarns with spandex has achieved significant interest over the past decade because of their exceptional stretchability, resilience, and comfort features. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of changing the spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of 16 Ne core spun yarn and the produced denim fabric using these yarns as weft. Core‐spun yarns were produced from three different spandex deniers at various TM values, where cotton roving was used as the sheath. Fabrics were manufactured using an air‐jet weaving machine with the core spun yarn as weft and 100% ring cotton yarn as warp (12 Ne) following the identical 3/1 twill weave pattern. Results reveal that using different spandex percentages shows better results at different TM parameters. Both yarn and fabric were attained at a twist multiplier of 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 for 40, 70, and 105 D, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that the yarn produced using lower spandex denier gives higher tenacity for yarn and fabric. However, the yarn produced using a higher spandex denier gives higher elongation percentage for yarn, higher tear strength, recovery, and lower growth percentage fabric. Highlights Influence of spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of core‐spun yarn and the resulting denim fabric. The higher spandex denier exhibited greater tear strength, better recovery, and lower fabric growth percentages. Increasing the twist multiplier initially increased the tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns and fabrics, followed by a decrease. Higher spandex percentages reduced hairiness and increased with higher twist levels. Higher spandex denier indicates the need for tailored TM settings based on spandex denier to achieve desired fabric properties.

Stretch-denim is a unique, trendy, and sturdy fabric produced with coarser cotton yarns requiring high consumption of cotton fiber. With the increasing expenses of cotton and the adverse ecological effects linked to its cultivation, it became necessary to investigate an alternative fiber. In this context, a novel elastic jute yarn was created by incorporating elastane in the core, marking the first instance of such innovation, aimed at producing articles with a pleasant stretch for enhanced comfort. To accurately predict the elastane draw ratio, an I-optimal design, which is a part of the response surface methodology, was employed using design expert software. The study involved nine experimental runs to produce 276 tex elastic jute core-spun yarns at different elastane draw ratios ranging from 1.4 to 4.6. Surface response models were developed and found statistically significant for mass variation, imperfection, hairiness, tenacity, and elongation of yarn, with p-values below 0.05. Using the optimized formulation obtained from the response models, the optimum elastane draw ratio was determined to be 3.42, which was then used to produce optimized core-spun yarn. The quality parameters of produced yarn closely matched the predicted values, suggesting the effectiveness of the response model in navigating and predicting the characteristics of jute core-spun yarn. The newly developed elastic jute yarn is expected to widen the applications of jute yarns where elasticity is necessary, especially in producing stretch denim products by replacing the cotton counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing textile industry is polluting the environment and producing waste at an alarming rate. The wasteful consumption of fast fashion has made the problem worse. The waste management of textiles has been ineffective. Spurred by the urgency of reducing the environmental footprint of textiles, this review examines advances and challenges to separate important textile constituents such as cotton (which is mostly cellulose), polyester (polyethylene terephthalate), and elastane, also known as spandex (polyurethane), from blended textiles. Once separated, the individual fiber types can meet the demand for sustainable strategies in textile recycling. The concepts of mechanical, chemical, and biological recycling of textiles are introduced first. Blended or mixed textiles pose challenges for mechanical recycling which cannot separate fibers from the blend. However, the separation of fiber blends can be achieved by molecular recycling, i.e., selectively dissolving or depolymerizing specific polymers in the blend. Specifically, the separation of cotton and polyester through dissolution, acidic hydrolysis, acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis is discussed here, followed by the separation of elastane from other fibers by selective degradation or dissolution of elastane. The information synthesized and analyzed in this review can assist stakeholders in the textile and waste management sectors in mapping out strategies for achieving sustainable practices and promoting the shift towards a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the relationship between spinning parameters and mechanical properties of covered yarn is the basis for precise regulation of garment pressure. L9 (34) orthogonal tests were designed to study the influence of spinning parameters (twist ratio, internal twist, stretch ratio) on mechanical indexes (stress relaxation rate, elastic recovery rate, breaking strength) and to select the optimal combination. The relationship between spinning parameters and yarn modulus was analyzed by quadratic general rotation combination design. A mathematical prediction model was established. The results show that the factors affecting stress relaxation rate and breaking strength are twist ratio > internal twist > stretch ratio in order; the factors affecting elastic recovery rate are stretch ratio > internal twist > twist ratio in order. The ranking scoring method resulted in the best overall performance of the yarn with a stretch ratio of 2.8, an internal twist of 1 600 twist/m and a twist ratio of 70%. The initial modulus decreases and then increases with the increase of twist and stretch ratio, and increases with the increase of twist ratio. The tensile modulus decreases and then increases with the increase of stretch ratio, and increases with the increase of internal twist and twist ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To achieve carbon nanotube spandex composite materials with superior conductivity and elasticity, carbon nanotube were adhered to the surface of spandex filament using an impregnation method. Amino groups were introduced to the spandex surface through a solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Subsequently, the treated spandex was immersed in dispersions of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with varying mass fractions to create a composite sensing material with a carbon nanotube coating. The infrared spectrum, mechanical property, conductivity and so on of carbon nanotube spandex material were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed the number of CNT on the spandex surface was increased as the CNT mass fraction increased. When the CNT mass fraction was reached 7%, the number of CNT was increased significantly and accompanied by the presence of numerous pores on the surface. Despite a reduction in strength and breaking elongation compared to the original spandex yarn due to the CNT coating, the composite yarn maintained a breaking elongation ratio over 1 000%. When CNT mass fraction was increased from 1% to 5%,under different tensile strains, the sensing yarn exhibited a significant relative change in resistance, which indicating a sensitive response. Throughout 500 times stretching/releasing cycles, the sensing yarn demonstrated minimal peak and baseline fluctuations in response to resistance changes, showcasing stable performance. It is considered that carbon nanotube coating spandex sensing materials exhibit a rapid response time and excellent strain response stability. It holds potential applications in the field of small strain sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on developing a wearable infrared (IR) display based on stretchable conductive fibers fabricated through an expansion–contraction process. The expansion process creates a gap between the strands of spandex fibers. This is achieved by immersing the fibers in a solvent where carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are dispersed, thereby embedding the CNTs. Contraction is achieved through a drying process, which removes the gap between the strands of the spandex fibers. This ensures that the CNTs remain embedded, even after repeated stretching. The CNT-embedded spandex fibers are arranged into a 5 × 7 pixel array. The intensity of the IR rays emitted from the fibers can be controlled by adjusting their temperature, which is achieved by varying the driving voltage. Full-color IR images and displays of letters and numbers are realized through precise control of the IR light intensity. The wearable IR display developed in this study opens up exciting possibilities for integration into advanced systems such as military identification, artificial intelligence robots, autonomous driving, and aerospace industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woven fabrics generally have high strength but only limited stretch. This lack of stretch can be overcome by incorporating elastane fibers into the fabric structure. These stretch woven fabrics offer an interesting potential for tight-fitting garments. However, the presence of the elastane fibers may lower the strength of the fabrics. To expand the knowledge on the mechanical behavior of stretch woven fabrics, this study investigated eight commercial fabrics with elastane fiber content between 5 and 51%. Four fabrics were polyester-based and the other four were polyamide-based. The effect of the fabric weight and elastane fiber content on the grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch was analyzed. It was observed that, at very high elastane fiber content, the load–extension curve was typical to that of an elastane fiber, while the traditional load–extension behavior of woven fabrics with low to average stretch was obtained at lower elastane fiber contents. For the polyester-based fabrics, the grab strength and tear strength generally increased with fabric weight and decreased with elastane fiber content. For the polyamide-based fabrics, a higher elastane fiber content led to a decrease in grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch. A reduction in tear strength was observed at higher fabric weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, more and more articles for sportswear, but not only, include elastane yarns. Stretch clothing plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the wearer by providing freedom of movement, maximizing comfort, minimizing the risk of injury, and reducing friction. This study aimed to investigate the fabric moisture management properties with dependency on elastane yarn linear density. Experiments were conducted with two series of plated knitted fabrics. The ground yarns were: 30% Outlast®Viscose / 70% Cotton, 14.75 tex, and a Dacron® 702 WSD 1.7/38, 14.30 tex (Coolmax®). The plating yarns were 22 dtex, 44 dtex, and 77 dtex Creora®, plated at every feeder by using the electronic feeder. The Outlast®/Cotton material is superior in water vapour transmission and Colmax® in drying capacity, regardless of the fineness of the elastane yarn. In terms of liquid water management, correctly selecting the appropriate linear density of elastane yarn can optimize the functionality of sportswear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry is ever-growing but only a few recycling options exist for waste fabrics to keep end-of-use clothing articles within the value chain. Generally, these include fibre-to-fibre strategies for pure textiles such as cotton or polyester. However, most textiles comprise blends of fibres which encumbers both mechanical and chemical recycling processes. For example, the polymer elastane is added to increase stretchability in many textiles, whereas polyurethane coatings and membranes partly make up rain clothes, bags and artificial leather items. Here we report the selective disassembly of these two polymers into base chemicals adapting a solvolysis process with tert-amyl alcohol. We showcase the successful depolymerisation of elastane recovered from the dissolution of fabric blends, and also the direct disassembly of elastane containing- or PU-coated textiles with polyamide fabrics. This work opens up new opportunities for the recycling of certain blended textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile-based wearable electronics have drawn increasing attention in recent years, but stable and durable conductive mechanism on textiles has been the challenge. In this study, we propose to fabricate a liquid metal circuit on textile substrates for flexible antennas and wearable sensors via screen printing method. The breakage of liquid metal circuit on cotton/lycra elastic fabrics can be repaired by pressing or heating, and the patterned liquid metal circuits can be removed using sodium hydroxide solution. Furthermore, the liquid metal circuit was designed as a pressure switch for thermal management system with the temperature precisely controllable by tuning the applied pressure. The liquid metal circuit was further designed as a flexible near field communication (NFC) antenna, providing identification capacity such as replacing campus card and protecting children. The maximum bending angle and effective distance of the NFC tag are determined to be 150 and 17.8 mm, respectively. In addition, the as-prepared liquid metal-based fabric sensors can accurately human motion detection in real time, exhibiting great potential in flexible wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-spun yarn (CSY) is utilized for better fabric characteristics like stretchability, durability, and comfortability. The study aims to investigate the influence of spandex drafts of core-spun yarn on denim fabric characteristics before and after washing treatment. Two types of denim fabrics were produced from two types of core-spun yarn, namely 16 + 40D, and 16 + 70D by applying 2.8, 3.0, 3.20 spandex drafts for 16 + 40D, and 3.40, 3.50, 3.60 spandex drafts for 16 + 70D. Prepared denim fabrics were desized, and acid-washed and the properties of denim fabric before and after washing were investigated as a function of spandex drafts and deniers. Accurate count, twist, and better elongation percentage were observed at 2.80 draft for 16 + 40D CSY and 3.4 draft for 16 + 70D CSY, but a higher imperfection index (IPI) value was obtained on those drafts. The strength of the denim fabric prepared with 16 + 40D CSY and 16 + 70D CSY were higher at 2.8 and 3.6 drafts, respectively. Higher shrinkage (%), ends per inch (EPI), and fabric weight of denim fabric was obtained after washing compared to before washing. The width of both fabrics decreased when the fabric was washed. Exploring various drafts of core material and their correlations with yarn and fabric properties provides valuable insights for textile manufacturers seeking to produce denim fabrics with optimum quality.

Nowadays, the increasing social consciousness on the protection of nature and, at the same time, the seeking for comfort and easiness caused by the pandemic, increase the interest in easy-to-use, comfortable textile products produced with natural raw materials. Seersucker woven fabrics are highly preferred in recent years due to their features such as providing wearing comfort and being user-friendly by not requiring ironing. However, in order to provide the three-dimensionality/wrinkle effect in woven seersucker fabrics in the currently used methods, it is necessary to use elastane in the weft/warp or to use double beams during production. At this point, it is not possible to produce completely natural fabric in the method using elastane, and in the other method, a special several warp and machine requirements are emerging. In this study, the literature on seersucker fabrics was reviewed and experimental seersucker weaving applications were carried out. Studies have been carried out in order to produce fabrics using completely natural raw materials (cotton), to improve production efficiency and to increase design possibilities. In this context, instead of the traditional methods used in seersucker fabric creation, seersucker fabric production was carried out with a single beam on the weaving machine by using different weaves in the dobby for fabric design. In this way, it has been provided that the seersucker weaving process can be performed with a single beam on any desired machine by using existing direct warps without the need for a special warp preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compression stockings/socks are one of the most essential materials to treat vascular disorders in veins. However, the comfort of wearing such stockings over prolonged period of time is a major problem. There is limited research in the area of comfort optimization while retaining the compressional performance. The current work is carried out with an aim to determine the optimum level of the input factors e.g., knitting structure, plaiting yarn linear density and main yarn linear density for achieving desired stretch recovery percentage and thermo-physiological comfort properties of compression socks used in treatment of vascular disorders. Their optimum combination was determined by using Taguchi based techniques for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution i.e., TOPIS. In this study, thickness, areal density, air permeability, thermal resistance, over all moisture management capacity (OMMC), stretch and recovery % were optimized simultaneously by using Taguchi-TOPSIS method. The results showed that linear density of plaiting and main yarn has significant influence on all the comfort related properties for compression stockings/socks. The optimum sample had linear density 20 denier for Lycra covered by 70 denier of nylon 66 in the plaiting yarn. It also suggested 120 denier nylon 66 in the main yarn knitted into a plain single jersey structure. The percentage contribution of the factors i.e., structure, plaiting yarn linear density and main yarn linear density was obtained by using ANOVA which are 7%, 31% and 42% respectively. It is worth mentioning that in case of compression stockings, the main yarn linear density has more significant effect on comfort properties as compared to other independent parameters. The results were verified by experiment, and the accuracy was relatively high (maximum error 8.533%). This study helped to select suitable knit structure with the change of linear densities of plaiting yarn and main yarn for comfortable compression stocking/sock and will fulfill the potential requirement for treatment of venous/vascular disorders. The novel methodology involving TOPSIS method helped in analyzing the cumulative contribution of the input parameters to achieve optimum compression as well as comfort performance. This modern approach is based on contemporary scientific principles and statistical approximations. This study may provide benchmark solutions to complex problems involving multiple interdependent criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bracing has proven to be an effective method for the conventional treatment of scoliosis in young people. A brace, a therapeutic device, covers the upper body and promotes healing by applying pressure to specific areas. However, wearing a scoliosis brace negatively affects the user's thermo-physiological well-being and often leads to discomfort. In this study, we investigated the influence of T-shirts as an undergarment on the thermo-physiological well-being of the brace wearer. For this purpose, we performed a comparative analysis of six T-shirts made from different special knitted fabrics. We carried out wearing tests in a computer-controlled climate chamber according to a predetermined protocol. The test subject wore the orthopedic brace over the different T-shirts at three different temperatures. The results indicate that the knitted fabrics of undergarments and environmental conditions considerably impact the wearer's thermo-physiological comfort. In the tests, the T-shirts made from the selected functional fabrics performed very well. The T-shirt made from the classic cotton fabric containing elastane yarn also performed well and was the most environmentally friendly. Currently, due to its lower price and easier availability, this cotton T-shirt can be recommended for wearing under a scoliosis brace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Damage on clothing worn by homicide victims can provide valuable information about the weapon or the actions of the assault. For instance, knives deposit distinct marks on fabric depending on the blade's characteristics, and tears produce a unique morphology on clothing. However, in cases where a victim is found after a period of time, the natural processes of decomposition and insect colonization can potentially modify the damage on clothing, hindering the reconstruction of the crime. To evaluate these modifications, we conducted this study on stillborn piglets wrapped in different fabrics that were stabbed or had their fabric torn before being placed in the field to decompose. Our results show that decomposition and insect activity can modify existing cuts and tears and introduce new artifacts on fabrics as the time since death increases. The modifications of the inflicted cuts and tears were influenced by factors such as the type of fabric, type of initial damage, decomposition processes, insect activity, bacterial and fungal colonization, and length of exposure to the environment. Fatal stabbings are the leading cause of homicide in countries with restricted access to firearms, such as Australia. The analysis of damage on clothing imparted by a sharp object can assist in the characterization of the weapon. However, decomposition and carrion insects can modify the features of the damage, impeding textile damage analysis and crime reconstruction. This study aimed to identify and characterize the modifications of textile damage over 47 days of decomposition during the summer season in Western Australia. Fabric modifications were analyzed on cotton, synthetic, and blended fabrics with standardized cuts and tears, wrapped on 99 stillborn piglets. Six unclothed piglets acted as controls, with three being stabbed. All piglets were placed simultaneously in the field alongside swatches of fabric. Analyses considered taphonomy, insect interactions, and any textile damage using optical microscopy and SEM. The results showed that carrion insects can modify existing cuts and tears and introduce new artifacts on textiles. The 100% cotton fabric was the most affected by mechanical and chemical degradation, especially cuts and areas stained with blood or decomposition fluids. The study highlights the combined effect of multiple factors on textile damage, including the type of fabric, initial damage, bloating, insect activity, and biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to show that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the twill angle line and its direction (twill S or Z). The quantity of the skewness is related to the float length and the twill angle in reverse, with the warp tension when changed from cotton to lycra filling yarns. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental analytical method. Findings: The most significant goals presented from this investigation are cost savings, time of production and metaphorically; new demands on denim fabric patterns presented. Originality/value: Moving away from just chasing cheap, more innovative and progressive for manufacturing and end users search for denim, this paper served to shift the market share map for denim manufacturers, which is looks on nearly the most common problem facing the denim industry; skewness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motorbikes are used for leisure and professional purpose. The abundant use of motorbikes gives rise to a high number of accidents resulting in serious injuries. The development of protective fabric for motorbike riders is the need of the day. This study aimed to develop an impact resistance comfortable fabric for motorbike riders. The high-performance fibers in different ratios were used to develop high-performance yarns, then used to manufacture the impact-resistant fabric. Five different blends of ring-spun yarns with linear densities of 30/2 Tex and 25/2 Tex were produced by using Kevlar, polyester, nylon, elastane, and cotton fibers. Z twill weave fabric was made on a rapier loom from these yarns. Moreover, the warp yarn was vat-dyed before preparing the fabric from it. The impact cut resistance and abrasion resistance of fabrics were tested. The results showed that the fabric developed from a yarn count of 25/2 Tex with 19% Kevlar, 17% polyester, 9% Nylon, 47% cotton, and 8% elastane fibers has excellent abrasion and cut resistance with the highest tear and tensile strength among all other fabric samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and ultraviolet–infrared (UV–IR) shielding behavior of wool (WO) and cotton/elastane (CO/EL) nanocomposite fabrics have been investigated. The study aims to investigate the EMI and UV–IR shielding performance of the CO/EL and wool-based fabrics coated with carbon (C), graphite (Gr), and indium (In) nanocomposite layers. To produce nanocomposite fabric samples, these three materials were used in different compositions and the coating processes were carried out by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and thermal evaporation methods. Subsequently, the EMI and UV–IR measurements were performed for the coated fabric samples, and the results have been analyzed. In this study, it has been proven for the first time that the ECR coating method can be used for coating fabrics as a textile material. Finally, it is found that the C+Gr(grid filled)+In wool sample and the carbon-coated CO/EL sample have widely exhibited a significant positive effect on increasing the EMI shielding performance in the range of 18–43 and 12–18 GHz frequencies, respectively. In addition, the results show that the C+Gr(grid)+C-coated CO/EL fabric has significant potential to increase the UV–IR shielding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Laser fading technology is used to give a unique worn look to a fabric. This finishing technique is environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods because it reduces the use of harmful chemicals and large amounts of water. A carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with a wavelength of 10.6 µm was used in this study. In bulk production, fixed manufacturing parameters help to reduce production preparation time. Thus, two combinations of laser power and speed of the laser cutter head (14 W and 230 mm/s; 16 W and 350 mm/s) were used to determine how universal the fixed laser parameters are for fading five different types of multicomponent twill and satin weave denim fabrics, which contain cotton, elastane, polyester and viscose. Physico-mechanical properties (tear, tensile properties and abrasion resistance) were tested to evaluate the effect of the selected laser parameters on fabric strength properties. Microscopical analysis was performed to assess the effect of laser fading on the yarn and fibre morphology of denim fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denim fabrics are products that provide durability and ease of use, and are used by young people or people of all ages who prefer comfortable wear in daily life. In this study, the objective hand values of denim fabrics with three weft yarn types (100% cotton elastane, 85% cotton 15% Modal elastane, and 85% cotton 15% Tencel elastane), two twill directions (3/1 Z and S), and four washing processes (bleach, enzyme, rinse, and stone) were investigated. For this purpose, the compressibility, overall flexural rigidity, drape, surface roughness, and shear rigidity values of industrial washed denim fabrics were measured. It was found that there was no statistically significant effect of weft yarn type on objective hand values, and washing differences were statistically significant on the objective hand values of the denim fabrics. The results showed that enzyme-washed fabrics show better hand and lower hardness properties; stone-washed fabrics have a higher fluffy feel, bleach-washed fabrics have worse hand, and rinse-washed fabrics have stiffer and rougher surfaces. It was also observed that the twill direction affects only the shear rigidity values of the denim fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer choice and behavior are changing and focusing on comfortable clothing along with fitting. Elastic yarn or fabric is necessary to achieve this comfortableness. By making elastic yarn and using elastic material in fabric production, elastic cloths are produced with proper stretchability and recovery. For that, core-spun yarn was used, but due to a lack of recovery performance, dual core-spun yarn has been developed. Different elastane ratios, linear density, and filaments were used in the dual core-spun yarn according to achieve desired stretchability. In this study, denim fabric performances were evaluated by designing different composite/hybrid dual core-spun yarn with a combination of cotton fiber and filaments. Different elastane linear densities with different filaments, PET/PTT, PTT, and PET, were used, and it was found that using finer elastane in dual core-spun yarn, strength, and unevenness are increased, and elongation decreased. Using PET/PTT filament increases hairiness, and using PTT filament increases elongation. For fabrics, coarser elastane in the dual core-spun yarns has higher stiffness, elasticity, and shrinkage. Fabric with PTT showed higher weight change and stiffness, whereas PET filament-based fabric samples have good strength and low stiffness. In addition, a multiple regression analysis was carried out for yarn and fabric properties, and mathematical models were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research aims to study the effect of using industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) as an Eco-friendly material in jeans fabric, as it the most popular and preferred fabric for many men, women and children, Attention to environmental protection is the reason for the interest in these fibers, Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) is one of bast fibers with a high content of cellulose. Attention to environmental protection is the reason for the interest in these fibers it is almost a challenge for cotton fabrics in some properties and advantages.In this study, five samples of jeans fabric were produced with different blending ratios for the raw materials used in each of warp (100%cotton, 70%cotton:30% hemp) and weft(98%cotton :2%spandex, 48%cotton :2%spandex:50%hemp, 68%cotton :2%spandex:30%hemp), with weave structures(twill 3/1z) ,Tests were done to the produced samples (tensile strength tear strength , stiffness , Fabric Weight ,growth, Spray test (wettability) and Air permeability), The result of the research showed that increasing the percentage of hemp improves the tensile strength, tear strength and air permeability of the samples produced, in addition reducing weight and increasing the stiffness of the fabricThree different clothing products were implemented from sample no. (5) With blending ratios (70% cotton: 30% hemp in the warp // 48% cotton: 2% spandex: 50% hemp in the weft) due to the results of the tests, which showed the suitability of the sample properties and the availability of its comfort properties and its superiority over the cotton material in some properties when blending industrial hemp with cotton.

In recent years, the use of woven and knitted fabrics with elastane has increased remarkably. This is due to the particular fact that these articles are characterized by excellent wear comfort and fit. In addition to extensibility, thermo-physiological comfort properties such as air permeability and thermal properties can be influenced by elastane yarn. This paper aimed to investigate the relation between elastane yarn linear density and fabric dimensional and thermal properties. Two series of 3 knitted fabrics were produced using the 8-feed Single-Jersey Circular Knitting Machine MERZ - MBS. The ground yarns were: 30% Outlast®Viscose / 70% Cotton, 14.75 tex, and a Dacron® 702 WSD 1.7/38, 14.30 tex (Coolmax®). The plating yarns were 22 dtex, 44 dtex, and 77 dtex Creora®, plated at every feeder by using the electronic feeder. The results indicated that the linear density of elastane has a significant effect on the dimensional and thermal properties of Coolmax®/Creora® and Outlast®/Creora® plated plain knitted fabric. The elastane yarn linear density mainly influences the number of courses per cm and consequently the number of stitches per cm2, and respectively the weight of knitted fabrics. The linear density of elastane yarn influences mostly the air permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal absorptivity of Single-Jersey fabrics. The higher the linear density of the elastane yarn, the lower the air permeability and the higher the thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity of the fabrics. These findings are an important tool in the design of a product tailored to thermal management requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of cotton and cotton/elastane single jersey knitted fabrics before and after softening was evaluated through their mechanical properties, pilling, and volume electrical resistivity. Elastane-containing fabrics have higher bursting elongation and stiffness, lower bursting strength, the same or higher pilling grade, and 23-27% lower electrical resistivities compared to 100% cotton due to the increased compactness that enables better contact between the loops, and easier flow of charge through them. Softening does not affect or slightly improves the fabric pilling (up to 1000 cycles); it decreases fabrics' stiffness and increases their bursting strength and electrical resistivities. The last one was significantly decreased after the in situ synthesis of Cu-based nanoparticles on fabrics' surfaces. Namely, fabrics were first treated with sodium alginate whose carboxylate groups crosslinked Cu2+-ions (from CuSO4 solution) that were further reduced with ascorbic acid. In situ synthesis of Cu-based nanoparticles (detected by FESEM) improves the fabrics' quality and enables obtaining multifunctional fabrics having 3.4-9.6 times lower resistivities, which are in line with the content of Cu after reduction (determined using ICP-OES), up to 2.5 times higher antioxidant activity and provided maximum microbial reduction for E. Coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic weft knitted single jersey fabrics are produced by plating of elastane (elastomeric polyurethane) yarn with lyocell yarn in a circular knitting machine with positive feeder. This type of fabrics and their cloths have great response in the market as they have the tendency to re-gain their original size and shape due to physical extension by any part of human body. This research analyzed the effect of elastane plating on the physical and thermal comfort properties such as GSM, thickness, stitch density, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of lyocell single jersey knitted fabrics by varying the loop length. The work revealed that the physical properties like stitch density, thickness and GSM increased with increase in elastane content and decrease in increasing of loop length. The air permeability, water vapor transmission rate and thermal resistivity of the fabrics decreased with increasing of elastane plating and increased with increasing of loop length. The thermal conductivity values of the fabrics are not much significant at 95% significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of weft yarn parameters on the elasticity and recovery properties of stretch denim fabrics. For this purpose, frequently used denim fabric was taken as a reference point, and to study the elasticity, and dimensional change properties of the reference fabric, the production of new denim fabrics was designed with the use of different core yarns in the weft direction with different ratios. As a result, five different denim fabrics containing three different weft yarns with different sequences in Twill 3/1 Z weave type were produced. All fabric samples were prepared as half legs form and rinse washing, stone washing and stone+bleaching washing processes were applied. Elasticity, residual extension, and dimensional stability tests of the samples were performed, and the results were analyzed regarding the weft yarn properties and finishing processes. In addition to these tests, mass per unit area was examined to observe the weight changes of the fabrics due to shrinkage after washing. All tests were evaluated statistically. According to the analysis, it was found that the fabric performance was affected by the weft yarn type, and the different washing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the knitted fabrics' air permeability and water vapor resistance as complex phenomena of the interaction between the fiber nature, fabric structural characteristics and, different wet processes. Bleaching and dyeing together with the content of elastane are the main factors determining fabric structural characteristics. 100% cotton fabrics have a higher intensity of warm/cool feeling since they have higher air permeability than elastane containing fabrics. The air permeability and water vapor resistance of elastane containing fabrics decreased after the wet processes, whereby the bleached knitted fabrics showed higher air permeability and lower water vapor resistance than dyed. Decreased air permeability and increased water vapor resistance of softened elastane containing fabrics are governed by the cationic softener pick-up mechanism. Namely, the cationic softener is deposited on the yarns' surfaces; its hydrophobic carbon ends repel from each other. This acts as a barrier for air which contributes to an increase in the fabric water vapor resistance. The softened dyed knitted fabrics have lower air permeability and slightly higher water vapor resistance than softened bleached fabrics which may be attributed to the interaction between reactive dyestuff and cationic softener. The comfort properties quality of finished knitted fabrics decreased with elastane incorporation and with softening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article problematizes the influence of public knowledge about AIDS on Spandex's performances: underground parties celebrated in Santiago de Chile between 1991 and 1992, which were pioneer manifestations of entertainment that brought together many identities, especially LGBTI people, boosting a metropolitan cultural uncovering longed for who suffered sociopolitical violence during military dictatorship (1973-1990). For this, we interview to five gay men which produced or just were to the parties for to know about motivations, dynamics and effects of performances and its relationship with public knowledge about AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated multi-response optimization of process parameters of a new formula based on reactive resins applied on Elastane/cotton pants. Bleached samples were treated with a reserve agent based on reactive resins, then were dyed with a direct dye to impart reserve and contrast effects. The response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions were employed to obtain simultaneous optimum settings of input parameters including liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing time and temperature. Different tests were carried out on the resin treated and dyed samples: color strength of the front and the back side of the pant garment, tear strength, washing, and rubbing color fastness. The main goal of this work is to propose a new solution: the application of a resin followed by a dyeing process to obtain special reserve and contrast effects on pants and to propose optimized conditions to succeed. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental values of liquor ratio bath, resin concentration, curing temperature and curing time agreed closely with the predicted values. The optimized process parameters for maximum tear strength, maximum color fastness properties and a minimum color strength of the front side of the pant garment were found to be: liquor ratio bath as 12.22:1, concentration of resin as 183 g/L, curing temperature as 140 °C and curing time as 12 min. 20 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of loop length and Lycra weight percent (Lwp) on the geometrical and thermo-physiological comfort of elastic plain knitted fabric. Fifty single jersey knitted fabric samples were produced at five levels of Lycra weight percent (Lwp) (4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%) and loop length (2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.3 mm, and 3.4 mm) with full plaited (fp) and half plaited (hp) of bare Lycra. The thermo-physiological comfort properties (thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor permeability), air permeability, and geometrical properties were measured at standard of each one. The results showed that the elastic single jersey knitted fabric thickness ranged between 3.12 times and 4.2 times of the yarn diameter (d). The fabric thickness increased when loop length is increased and decreased when Lwp is increased. The thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor resistance (WVR) decreased with Lwp increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the high elasticity and loop structures of knitted spandex fabrics, we proposed a smart pore-actuated Janus spandex fabric (SPJSF) with controllable one-way liquid permeation based on manual mechanical stretching. This versatility and adaptability position the SPJSF as a promising solution for addressing the dynamic needs of individuals across various activities and environmental settings. [Display omitted] • We proposed a smart pore-actuated Janus fabric with tunable functions based on mechanical stretching. • It has excellent unidirectional water transport ability, and can achieve cooling in high-temperature environments. • It can also prevent the invasion of external rainwater and provide efficient heat retention in cold environments. • The smart unidirectional liquid transport mechanism was investigated through Comsol simulations. Janus fabrics, exhibiting unidirectional liquid transportation capability to foster a comfortable microclimate for our human body, have become a new research hotspot. However, integrating intelligent, adaptable functionalities into Janus fabrics to suit fluctuating environmental conditions and personal thermal perceptions remains a challenge. Herein, we proposed a smart pore-actuated Janus fabric with tunable functions based on mechanical stretching. Specifically, when the human feels hot and sweaty, they can manually stretch the spandex fabric to "open" its pores (from ∼ 41 μm to ∼ 138 μm) according to the actual situation. Meanwhile, the stretching can significantly decrease the positive breakthrough pressure of the fabric from 9.5 to 0.8 cm H 2 O, which can facilitate one-way sweat transportation and rapid heat dissipation (0.3 ℃ lower than that of the original fabric). Moreover, timely stopping stretching can "close" the fabric's pores, avoiding excessive evaporation-induced chill. For comparison, in cold or rainy weather, the pores of the unstretched fabric are set to be "closed" (diameter: ∼41 μm) to prevent excessive heat loss (2.4 ℃ higher than that covered by the spandex fabric) and safeguard against external rainwater intrusion. This innovative design can maximize human comfort in diverse environments, and the underlying concept holds promise for the development of new-generation smart fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastane, also known as spandex, is a synthetic polymer fibre based on polyurethane, which is present in low amounts in numerous textile products. It is used frequently particularly in sportswear and underwear, because of its stretchability and body-shaping properties. The currently commonly-used standardized elastane quantification method has many outstanding disadvantages, however ongoing production processes as well as upcoming recycling processes rely on it. This study presents a faster, more reliable and more eco-friendly tool to detect and quantify elastane in textiles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An elastane quantification tool (EQT) was developed by studying eleven different elastane samples available on the textile market. The fundament of the EQT is a polymer specific phenomenon, which is investigated in detail by spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) and thermal (thermogravimetric analysis, DSC) analyses. Ten different textile waste samples from the manufacturing industry and waste collection were selected to test the EQT. Obtained results are very promising, as the elastane contents could be determined quickly and accurately. The EQT has the potential to become a widely used method in the textile production chain, particularly in the upcoming recycling sector.