42 results on '"SOUTHERN muriqui"'
Search Results
2. A COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOUTHERN MURIQUI (Brachyteles arachnoides): A CONTRIBUTION FOR THE CONTROL OF ILLEGAL BUSHMEAT TRADE.
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Cardoso, M. Luiza Valões, Ferreira, Paula B., Wanderley, Artur M., Torres, Rodrigo A., Gomes, Mauricio Talebi, Teixeira, Rodrigo H. F., Duarte, José M. B., and Garcia, José E.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *BUSHMEAT hunting , *MEAT industry - Abstract
To control illegal wildlife-product trade and protect endangered species of animals, unambiguous identification of the captured specimens is essential. Forensic genetic tools have contributed to identify animal species for conservation purposes promoting accurate results for informing public policies and management of the biodiversity. The southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is the largest non-human primate of the Neotropical region and is critically endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species), mainly due to the illegal hunting for bushmeat. In this study, we describe a molecular method using PCR/RFLP to differentiate between bushmeat of southern muriqui and the meat of the domestic animals most commonly consumed in Brazil (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Sus scrofa). The method is based on the amplification and digestion with BanI restriction enzyme of the 16S mtDNA region. We also examine 16S mtDNA sequences of the southern muriqui and other 13 sympatric and parapatric wild species of mammals also hunted for bushmeat to examine whether homologies of the BanI restriction sites could lead to species misidentification. The results indicate the utility of this tool as it represents a simple and cost-effective method to differentiate southern muriqui samples from those of the examined domestic and wild sympatric and parapatric species. We hope this molecular tool will help public authorities in crime prevention, and enhance law reinforcement of illegal hunting of threatened animal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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3. Fatal toxoplasmosis in a southern muriqui (<italic>Brachyteles arachnoides</italic>) from São Paulo state, Brazil: Pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization.
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Santos, Stéfanie Vanessa, Pena, Hilda F. J., Talebi, Mauricio G., Teixeira, Rodrigo H. F., Kanamura, Cristina T., Diaz‐Delgado, Josué, Gennari, Solange M., and Catão‐Dias, José Luiz
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TOXOPLASMOSIS in animals , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *GENOTYPES , *TOXOPLASMA gondii , *PRIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: We report the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of fatal acute systemic toxoplasmosis in an adult, female, free‐living southern muriqui (
Brachyteles arachnoides ) from São Paulo state, Brazil. PCR‐RFLP genotyping analysis identified the #21 genotype ofToxoplasma gondii . This represents the first report of acute toxoplasmosis involving this genotype in humans and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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4. The largest relative testis size among primates and aseasonal reproduction in a nocturnal lemur, M irza zaza.
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Rode‐Margono, Eva Johanna, Nekaris, K. Anne‐Isola, Kappeler, Peter M., and Schwitzer, Christoph
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TESTIS , *DIMORPHISM in animals , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *RING-tailed lemur - Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives Testis size is an indirect indicator of a species' mating system, along with sexual size and canine dimorphism, existence and usage of mating and advertisement calls as well as the spatial distribution of males and females ready to mate in solitary species. Upon its recent discovery, the northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza was suggested to have a polygynandrous mating system and to exhibit seasonal breeding. We tested these predictions in a field study in Sahamalaza National Park, NW Madagascar. Materials and Methods We caught 12 M. zaza, before and during the suggested mating period and obtained standard field morphometric measurements, including testes size. Results We show that M. zaza has the highest relative testis volume among primates, indicating strong sperm competition and polygynandrous mating. In addition, based on inferred age of captured animals, observed mating behavior, a female caught in met-estrus and data from captivity, we suggest M. zaza to be one of the few lemurs that breed aseasonally. Discussion Future field work on this endangered species is required to illuminate the causes and consequences of intense promiscuity and aseasonal breeding despite strong habitat seasonality, which distinguish M. zaza from most other nocturnal lemurs. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:165-169, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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5. Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) pneumonia in a southern muriqui ( Brachyteles arachnoides).
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Santos, S.V., Strefezzi, R.F., Pissinatti, A., Takakura, C.F.H., Kanamura, C., Duarte, M.I.S., and Catão-Dias, J.L.
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RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections , *PNEUMONIA , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *RESPIRATORY distress syndrome , *PARAMYXOVIRUSES , *AUTOPSY , *HISTOPATHOLOGY - Abstract
Background An adult male Brachyteles arachanoides, kept in captivity since 1990, was found dead without apparent clinical evidence. Methods Necropsy report, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural examination were conducted. Results Pulmonary syncytial cells were positive for respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV), and ultrastructural examination revealed viral particles inside macrophages compatible with the Paramyxoviridae family. Conclusions Muriquis are susceptible to RSV pneumonia followed by respiratory distress syndrome and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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6. Chronology of Deep Nodes in the Neotropical Primate Phylogeny: Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes.
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Schrago, Carlos G., Menezes, Albert N., Moreira, Miguel A. M., Pissinatti, Alcides, and Seuánez, Hector N.
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GENOMES , *GENOMICS , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *GENETICS , *BIOLOGICAL evolution - Abstract
The evolution of Neotropical Primates (NP) is permeated by factors associated with the pattern of diversification and the biogeography of the major lineages. These questions can be better understood by providing a robust estimate of the chronological scenario of NP evolution, a reason why molecular dating methods have been widely applied. One aspect of especial interest is the timing of diversification of the major NP lineages (pitheciids, atelids and cebids), which may have resulted from rapid episodes of adaptive radiation, a question that requires NP divergence time estimates with accurate statistical certainty. In this study, we evaluated the primate timescale focused on the age of nodes of NP radiation. We investigated the performance of complete primate mitochondrial genomes as traditional molecular markers of primate evolution and further including original mitochondrial data from the endangered muriqui, Brachyteles arachnoides (Accession No. JX262672). Comparisons of the age estimates at NP nodes based on mitochondrial genomes with those obtained from a nuclear supermatrix showed similar degrees of uncertainty. Further molecular data and more informative calibration priors are required for a more precise understanding of the early NP diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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7. Activity Patterns of Brachyteles arachnoides in the Largest Remaining Fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Talebi, Mauricio G. and Lee, Phyllis C.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *HABITATS , *ANIMAL feeding behavior - Abstract
Time is an important currency for primate energetics, reproduction, and survival. Here, we describe the activity budgets of a group of southern muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides) inhabiting the largest continuous fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest (210,000 ha) in Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (24°44´–15´S, 47´46–10 W), in the southern region of São Paulo State. We collected instantaneous scan sampling data to assess monthly, seasonal, and between-year differences in time allocation for the different activities for 2 complete, nonconsecutive years—1995 and 2002—and compare these with measures of food availability. Over the 2 yr, the group rested on average for 48%, fed for 28%, traveled for 22.5%, and socialized for 1.5% of daylight hours. On a monthly basis, resting correlated negatively with traveling in 1995, and strongly negatively correlated with feeding for both years. Feeding correlated negatively with traveling in 2002, with significantly more time spent traveling during periods of higher young leaf availability. Season was a major influence on activity: the group rested more during the hotter, rainy austral summer season, whereas feeding occurred more frequently in the cooler, drier winter season. We found no consistent associations between food availability and the time that southern muriquis spent in most activities. We suggest that these southern muriquis, like many other large-bodied and atelin primates, minimize energy expenditure while maximizing energy intake, which may be associated with their ability to be folivorous when their preferred fruit foods are less available. They thus adopt a flexible energetic strategy for coping with variable climatic conditions rather than being constrained by food availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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8. "ABRAÇOS DE MONO": ELOS PERDIDOS E ENCONTROS INTERSUBJETIVOS EM ETNOGRAFIA COM PRIMATÓLOGOS NO BRASIL.
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José da Silva e Sá, Guilherme
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SOUTHERN muriqui ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,SCIENCE ,PRIMATOLOGY ,MURIQUIS - Abstract
Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2010
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9. A new population of the endangered Brachyteles arachnoides (É. Geoffroy, 1806) (Primates: Atelidae) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil.
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Ingberman, Bianca, Kaminski, Nicholas, Fusco-Costa, Roberto, and Monteiro-Filho, Emygdio L. A.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *SPECIES diversity - Abstract
The endangered southern muriqui or mono [Brachyteles arachnoides (É. Geoffroy, 1806)], is a primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. One known extant population is found at the southern limit of its distribution, in the state of Paraná, where it is regionally classified as Critically Endangered. Here, we report on a new population in southern Brazil. Additionally, we express our concern about the conservation status of this species in Paraná, because both populations are in small, isolated and unprotected forest fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. Intra-community coalitionary lethal attack of an adult male southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides).
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TALEBI, M. G., BELTRÃO-MENDES, R., and LEE, P. C.
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CHIMPANZEES , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *PAN (Mammals) , *PRIMATES , *HABITATS - Abstract
We report on the first evidence of intra-community coalitionary lethal aggression in muriquis (Brachyteles). The event occurred in southern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) during a long-term study (>15 years) of two social groups inhabiting mostly pristine Atlantic forest habitat in the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, southern São Paulo State, Brazil. The attack took place deep in the core area of the Group Caetê home range. Tense agonistic behaviors and vocalizations preceded the lethal coalitionary attack, and the tension increased over a 36–48 hr period. One adult female and two unidentified individuals also took part in a coalition led by six adult males. The members of the coalition collectively approached, embraced, immobilized and repeatedly bit the entire body of an adult male, resulting in severe bleeding injuries and the victim's death in less than 1 hr after the attack commenced. Combined ecological, behavioral and spatial data related to the event indicate that this was an intra-community attack and suggest social tensions related to mating competition as the proximate trigger of the coalitionary killing. The attack resembled those reported for chimpanzees, with clear numeric superiority and a low risk of injury to aggressors, resulting in the death of a lone conspecific victim. This observation (n=1) is suggestive of a capacity for escalated aggression in muriquis and reinforces arguments for the potential adaptive significance of intra-community aggression in male philopatric societies, as reported for spider monkeys and chimpanzees. These characteristics challenge the view of the muriquis as a peaceful primate and support the general hypothesis that imbalances of power contribute to intra-specific killing in primates, such as chimpanzees and humans. Am. J. Primatol. 71:860–867, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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11. Distribution, population size and conservation of the endemic muriquis (Brachyteles spp.) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Cunha, Andre A., Grelle, Carlos Eduardo Viveiros, and Boubli, Jean Philippe
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MURIQUIS , *PRIMATES , *FORESTS & forestry , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL populations , *HUNTING , *WILDLIFE conservation - Abstract
Muriquis are endemic primates of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with two recognized species: Brachyteles hypoxanthus and Brachyteles arachnoides. Although the state of Rio de Janeiro is the type locality for B. arachnoides the muriqui population of this region was, until recently, poorly known. We report our surveys for muriquis in seven localities in the state. Our objectives were to estimate the number of muriquis remaining and to identify local threats. We recorded muriquis in Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Guapiaçu Private Reserve. Based on our sightings and information from local people we estimate that the remaining muriquis in Rio de Janeiro total c. 160, with 110 B. arachnoides and 50 B. hypoxanthus. The most severe threat to muriquis in these areas is hunting, followed by small population sizes, habitat fragmentation, forest disturbance and ecotourism. Central Rio de Janeiro state still harbours large tracts of intact forests potentially available to muriquis. Thus, if conservation actions could be targeted to mitigate the main threat of hunting there is potential for the recovery of muriquis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, at least in the short-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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12. Lianas as a food resource for brown howlers (Alouatta guariba) and southern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) in a forest fragment.
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Martins, M. M.
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HOWLER monkeys ,SOUTHERN muriqui ,MURIQUIS ,RANCHES ,ANIMAL nutrition - Abstract
The article focuses on a study on lianas as a food resource for brown howlers and southern muriquis at the cattle ranch Fazenda Barreiro Rico in São Paulo, Brazil. Before data collection, two groups of brown howlers and southern muriquis were habituated to the presence of observers. Daily proportions food resources that the primate collected from each source were calculated by dividing the number of feeding records for that source by the total daily number of feeding records. A similarity was observed in the mean annual percentage of lianas in the diet of brown howlers to that of southern muriquis.
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- 2009
13. Ground use by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus).
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Mourthé, Ítalo M.C., Guedes, Danusa, Fidelis, Janaína, Boubli, Jean P., Mendes, Sérgio L., and Strier, Karen B.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *PRIMATES , *ENDANGERED species , *HABITATS , *HABITUATION (Neuropsychology) , *PREDATION , *WILDLIFE conservation - Abstract
Many arboreal primates descend to the ground, a custom that may occur more frequently in disturbed habitats, and in the presence of researchers to whom the primates are habituated. In this paper, we describe opportunistic observations of ground use in two groups of northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Members of both groups were observed drinking, resting, feeding, playing, and traveling on the ground to different degrees, and variation in the levels of habituation of the two groups may be responsible for the differences in the distribution of their terrestrial activities. The potential increase in vulnerability to predation or disease owing to ground use has implications for the conservation of this critically endangered species. Am. J. Primatol. 69:706–712, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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14. Diet of Southern Muriquis in Continuous Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Talebi, Mauricio, Bastos, Alexandre, and Lee, P. C.
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ANIMAL feeding behavior , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *FRUGIVORES , *PRIMATE behavior , *ANIMAL behavior , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
We systematically collected data on feeding behavior for one group of 33–39 southern muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides) in Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), São Paulo State, Brazil (37,432.45 ha of continuous Atlantic Forest), between January and December 1995. We determined food item consumption from instantaneous scans of behavior. Fruits were the most eaten food items in all 12 mo (40–80% of scan in every mo, average = 71.3%). Muriquis ate young leaves more than mature leaves or flowers. Our results are consistent with previous findings at the same and neighboring forest sites that southern muriquis have a consistently frugivorous diet when inhabiting less disturbed habitats, but contrast with previous observations on oppportunistic frugivory in muriqui populations inhabiting fragmented forests. Sustained high levels of frugivory probably result from year-round availability of fruit within large continuous forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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15. Phylogenetic inferences of Atelinae (Platyrrhini) based on multi-directional chromosome painting in Brachyteles arachnoides, Ateles paniscus paniscus and Ateles b. marginatus.
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de Oliveira, E. H. C., Neusser, M., Pieczarka, J. C., Nagamachi, C., Sbalqueiro, I. J., and Müller, S.
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PHYLOGENY , *FUNGUS weevils , *CHROMOSOMES , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *BLACK spider monkey , *GENE mapping , *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization - Abstract
We performed multi-directional chromosome painting in a comparative cytogenetic study of the three Atelinae species Brachyteles arachnoides, Ateles paniscus paniscus and Ateles belzebuth marginatus, in order to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within this Platyrrhini subfamily. Comparative chromosome maps between these species were established by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) employing human, Saguinus oedipus and Lagothrix lagothricha chromosome-specific probes. The three species included in this study and four previously analyzed species from all four Atelinae genera were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis on the basis of a data matrix comprised of 82 discrete chromosome characters. The results confirmed that Atelinae represent a monophyletic clade with a putative ancestral karyotype of 2n = 62 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an evolutionary branching sequence {Alouatta {Brachyteles {Lagothrix and Ateles}}} in Atelinae and {Ateles belzebuth marginatus {Ateles paniscus paniscus {Ateles belzebuth hybridus and Ateles geoffroyi}}} in genus Ateles. The chromosomal data support a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of Ateles b. hybridus. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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16. Diet of a muriqui group (Brachyteles arachnoides) in continuous primary forest.
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De Carvalho Jr, Oswaldo, Ferrari, Stephen F., and Strier, Karen B.
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SOUTHERN muriqui ,FOREST conservation ,ANIMAL feeding behavior ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
The feeding behaviour of a group of free-ranging muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) was monitored in the 380 km
2 Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB), between February 1992 and November 1993. Scan sample data indicated that 59.1% of feeding time was devoted to fruit, 33.2% to leaves, 4.1% to flowers, and 3.6% to other items (twigs, stem and bark). Little seasonal variation was recorded. These results contrast with those of all previous studies of Brachyteles, in which the consumption of leaves was generally double that of fruit. One key difference in comparison with previous studies is that the PECB is part of the largest remaining continuous area of primary Atlantic forest, in the Serra do Mar coastal range. Such intraspecific differences in ecology may have important implications for the conservation of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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17. Age at first reproduction in philopatric female muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus).
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Martins, Waldney P. and Strier, Karen B.
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SOUTHERN muriqui ,MURIQUIS ,LIFE history interviews ,AGE of mammals ,LIFE (Biology) - Abstract
Female northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus or B. hypoxanthus) at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga/RPPN-FMA, Minas Gerais, Brazil typically disperse from their natal groups at an average age of 6.1 ± 0.6 years (median = 6.0 years, range = 5.3 - 7.8 years, n = 22), prior to the onset of puberty and sexual activity. Immigrants do not conceive until at least their second mating season, and the minimum interval from immigration to first reproduction has been 2.0 years. Age at first reproduction in dispersing females, previously estimated at 8.9 years, has now been documented at 9.0 and 9.25 years for two females whose birth dates are known. This is older than the 7.5 years at which the only female previously known to have reproduced in her natal group gave birth. Here, we present new data from a second female that reproduced in her natal group. This female (BA) was first observed to copulate at 5.5 years, and gave birth to her first infant at 7.25 years of age. Her 1.75-year cycling-to-first conception delay was only slightly shorter than the minimum recorded for immigrant females, and thus was not responsible for her young age at first reproduction compared to dispersing females. Although our sample size is small, our findings suggest that early puberty may permit females to reproduce in their natal group, implying a possible link between life history trade-offs and dispersal patterns. Because the only two females that have reproduced in their natal group were maternal sisters, it is also possible that maternal effects on age at puberty can impact dispersal patterns, particularly in small populations of primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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18. Hormonal changes during the mating and conception seasons of wild northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus ).
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Strier, Karen B., Lynch, Jessica W., and Ziegler, Toni E.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *MURIQUIS , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *ANIMAL behavior , *ANIMAL courtship , *SEX hormones , *HYDROCORTISONE , *MONKEYS , *PRIMATES - Abstract
We investigated hormonal and behavioral changes in wild male and female northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus ) at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during a 6-mo period that encompassed the onset of the 1998–1999 mating and conception seasons. Individual females resumed mating with the resumption of ovarian cycling, which was not synchronized among them or related to their cortisol levels. Females experienced two to seven cycles prior to conceiving, and the first conception occurred 2 mo after the onset of the group's mating season. There were no differences in female cortisol levels across their premating, mating, and conception conditions. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in females than in males prior to the conception season, consistent with the prediction that energy reserves may be associated with breeding readiness in females, but not males, in this species. The sustained elevation in male cortisol occurred after the peak in their sexual activity, which resulted in the first conception of the year. Male cortisol levels were positively correlated between years that were similar in rainfall, but differed in the timing of sexual and reproductive events. The timing of cortisol elevations in males appears to be generally regulated by environmental cues, but is responsive to fine-tuning by social and behavioral cues related to the unpredictable timing of reproductive opportunities within their extended mating season. Am. J. Primatol. 61:85–99, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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19. Effects of Group Size on Ranging Patterns in Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus.
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Dias, Luiz G. and Strier, Karen B.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *HOME range (Animal geography) , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
We collected systematic data on the home range and day ranges of one group of 57-63 muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus) at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil from September 1998-July 1999, and compared them with similar data collected 15 years ago when the 23-27 individuals in the group traveled together as a cohesive unit. Home range size increased from 168 ha to 309 ha, reflecting an expansion into areas of the forest that were previously unutilized and consistent with the positive relationship predicted between group size and home range size. By contrast, muriquis exhibited remarkable seasonal and interannual stability in their day ranges. Day ranges, which were calculated from 144 days with ≥8 h of observation, averaged 1,313 ± 573 m (median = 1,206 m). Day ranges did not vary with the size of subgroups, defined as independent individuals that traveled with one another out of contact with other group members. Subgroups were significantly larger during the rainy season (mean = 41.8 ± 12. 7, median = 46.0 individuals, n = 72) than the dry season (mean = 36.6 ± 13.25, median = 39.5 individuals, n = 72). Subgroups were also larger than the size of the entire group during the previous study, yet their day ranges are indistinguishable. The stability in muriqui day ranges is consistent with predictions for folivorous primates in which other indicators of intragroup feeding competition, such as female dominance relationships, are also absent. We attribute the transition from cohesive to fluid grouping patterns to limits on the number of individuals that can coordinate their movements when they spread out while foraging and suggest that seasonal differences in subgroup sizes without corresponding adjustments in day ranges reflect seasonal differences in the distribution of preferred foods coupled with the effects of reproductive seasonality on muriqui grouping patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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20. SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF MALE MURIQUIS.
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Strier, Karen B., Dib, Laiena T., and Figueira, Jose E.C.
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SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
Presents a study which investigated patterns of sociality among wild male northern muriquis to explore some of the possible ways in which within-group scramble competition might shape their social and mating strategies. Variation in the type and strength of affiliative relationships among same-sexed primates; Patterns of sociality and affiliation; Dyadic associations and affiliations.
- Published
- 2002
21. Timing of births in sympatric brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca clamitans ) and northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus ).
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Strier, Karen B., Mendes, Sergio L., and Santos, Rogerio R.
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HOWLER monkeys , *ANIMAL experimentation , *ECOLOGY , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *LIFE , *PARTURITION , *PLATYRRHINUS - Abstract
We monitored the birth patterns of sympatric brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca clamitans ) and northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus ) during a 4-yr period from October 1996 to August 2000 at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Brown howler monkey births (n = 34) occurred throughout the year, and birth frequencies did not differ between rainy and dry season months. The aseasonal birth patterns of the howler monkeys differed significantly from the dry season concentration and dry month peak in muriqui births (n = 23). We found no effects of infant sex or the number of females on interbirth intervals (IBIs) in our 10 howler monkey study troops. IBIs of brown howler monkeys averaged 21.2 ± 2.5 mo (n = 8, median = 21.0 mo), and were significantly shorter following dry season births than rainy season births. Their IBIs and yearling survivorship (74%) were similar to those reported for other species of howler monkeys, but yearling survivorship was much lower than that of muriquis (94%), whose IBIs were more than 12 mo longer than those of the howler monkeys. Our study extends comparative knowledge of birth patterns in Alouatta to a poorly known species, and provides insights into the different ways in which diet and life history may affect the timing of births in large-bodied platyrrhines under the same seasonal ecological conditions. Am. J. Primatol. 55:87–100, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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22. Lack of pubertal influences on female dispersal in muriqui monkeys, Brachyteles arachnoides.
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Strier, Karen B. and Ziegler, Toni E.
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ANIMAL dispersal , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *ESTRUS , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Determines the timing of dispersal relative to puberty and ovarian cycling in wild female muriqui monkeys. Temporal distribution of intergroup transfers; Characteristics of natal emigrants; Characteristics of nonnatal immigrants.
- Published
- 2000
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23. Behavioral Correlates of Dispersal in Female Muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).
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Printes, Rodrigo C. and Strier, Karen B.
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ANIMAL dispersal , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
We documented four adolescent female transfers—two emigrations, two immigrations—during a 12-month study from August 1994 to July 1995 on one group of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) at Estação Biológica de Caratinga in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Intergroup transfers occurred throughout the year independent of season. A total of 613 focal samples of 10-min duration conducted on six adolescent females (5–9 years of age) revealed significant differences in the behavior of migrant versus natal resident females. During the seasons encompassing their respective group transfers, both emigrants and immigrants devoted more of their time to resting than resident females belonging to the same age cohorts did. Time spent feeding on mature fruit was higher for one emigrant and lower for both immigrants compared to the two resident females. Emigrant females had fewer neighbors within a 1-m radius than resident females did, whereas immigrant females were within a 1-m radius of adult females and within a 5-m radius of adult males more often than resident adolescent females were. Adolescent females were displaced on 26 occasions. Displacements occurred mainly during the dry seasons (n = 21) and mainly at food sources (n = 21). Using the number of focal samples conducted on each female as an estimate of observation time, immigrant females were displaced at twice the rate of residents. However, like other behavioral differences detected between resident and migrant adolescent females, differences in individual displacement rates were evident only during the season in which each of the immigrants joined the group. Collectively, our findings imply that female intergroup transfer in this population involves relatively mild, short-term costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Population Variation in Patch and Party Size in Muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
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de Moraes, Pedro Luís Rodrigues, de Carvalho, Jr., Oswaldo, and Strier, Karen B.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL feeding - Abstract
We examined the relationship between food patch size and feeding party size with comparative data from two populations of muriquis ( Brachyteles arachnoides) in the 37,797-ha forest at the Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho (PECB), São Paulo, and the 800-ha forest at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga (EBC), Minas Gerais. Precipitation was more abundant and less seasonal at PECB than EBC, and the density of large trees (>25.0 cm) was higher at PECB (206 ha [sup -1] ) than at EBC (132 ha [sup -1] ). At both sites, the size of feeding parties is positively related to the size of food patches. As predicted, food patches at PECB are significantly larger than those at EBC for both fruit and leaf sources. Contrary to expectations, feeding parties were larger at EBC than PECB. The higher population density of muriquis and sympatric primates at EBC may make large associations more advantageous to these muriquis than to muriquis living at lower population densities in PECB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Genetic Variation in Remnant Populations of the Woolly Spider Monkey (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
-
Pope, Theresa R.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *BIOLOGICAL variation - Abstract
The muriqui or woolly spider monkey ( Brachyteles arachnoids) is an endangered primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, <5% of which remains. The known muriqui population consists of <700 individuals separated into approximately 15 geographically isolated forest fragments. I present data on the distribution of genetic variation within and between two such remnant populations (FE and FBR) and summarize the implications of these results for long-range management of species genetic diversity. Eleven of 32 allozyme loci were polymorphic, representing an overall level of polymorphism of 34.4% and a mean heterozygosity per locus of 11%. Both values are among the highest reported for New World monkeys. Genetic differentiation between the two localities is highly significant ( FST = 0.413, p < 0.001). Genetic distance between them is an order of magnitude greater than that between other populations of platyrrhine subspecies, but this could be an artifact of the small sample size from FBR. High levels of genetic diversity apparently characteristic of this species persist because (1) fragmentation and size reduction of muriqui populations has occurred very rapidly relative to the muriqui life span—although both polymorphism and heterozygosity were lost between generations in the largest population, the high genetic diversity present in the parent population was still in evidence; and (2) genetic diversity before population fragmentation by human activity was not distributed uniformly throughout the species' historic distribution. Thus, remnant muriqui populations are important genetic reservoirs of alleles that are unique or rare in the species gene pool as a whole. These results emphasize the need for the integration of conservation management efforts throughout the species range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Demography and social structure of one group of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
-
Strier, Karen B. and Mendes, Francisco D.C.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Reports on the demography and behavioral patterns of muriquis or Brachyteles arachnoides. Nine-year monitoring at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Group size and composition; Home range; Grouping patterns; Implications for muriqui social structure; Future perspectives for the Matao group.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the reproductive cycle in wild muriqui monkeys, Brachyteles arachnoides.
- Author
-
Strier, K. B. and Ziegler, T. E.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *PRIMATES , *OVULATION , *MENSTRUAL cycle , *STEROIDS , *PREGNANCY in animals , *ANIMAL sexual behavior - Abstract
The analysis of fecal ovarian steroids provides a powerful noninvasive method to obtain insights into ovulatory cycles, gestation length, and the timing of sexual interactions relative to the periovulatory period in wild primates. Techniques developed to collect and assay feces from free-ranging muriqui monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides ) for estradiol and progesterone yield the first explicit reproductive data on this species, and provide the first opportunity to evaluate the timing of observed copulations with muriqui ovarian cycles. Hormonal profiles from seven females indicate average cycle lengths of 21.0 ± 5.4 days (n=20). Females conceived after 3–6 ovulatory cycles. Gestation length averaged 216.4 ± 1.5 days for the five females for which conception cycles were sampled. Discrete copulation periods spanned an average of 2.1 ± 1.2 days (n=29), with intervals between these concentrated periods of copulations averaging 15.6 ± 6.7 days (n=20). There were no significant differences among females in cycle lengths, copulation period lengths, or copulation interval lengths. Ejaculation was visible following 71.8 ± 26.7% of copulations during the females' preovulatory periods. All females copulated outside the periovulatory period. The proportion of copulation days outside the periovulatory period was slightly greater (p=0.08) for primiparous females (64.8 ± 28.3%) than for multiparous females (28.7 ± 19.7%). Am. J. Primatol. 42:299–310, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Steroid excretion during the ovarian cycle in captive and wild muriquis, Brachyteles arachnoides.
- Author
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Ziegler, Toni E., Santos, Cristina V., Pissinatti, Alcides, and Strier, Karen B.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *PRIMATES , *MENSTRUAL cycle , *STEROIDS , *EXCRETION , *PROGESTERONE - Abstract
Urine, feces, and copulation frequency were collected from two captive muriqui females, Brachyteles arachnoides , at the Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro following the resumption of postpartum ovarian cycles. Fecal steroid profiles from seven wild muriqui females at the Estação Biologica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were compared to the captive females to determine the approximate patterns of steroid excretion relative to the urinary LH peak. Hormonal profiles from one of the captive female muriquis revealed a discrete urinary LH peak. For this female, fecal progesterone increased on the same day as the urinary LH peak, while fecal estradiol increased 6 days later and urinary steroids increased 5 days later. For both captive females, the onset of fecal progesterone increase was preceded by the onset of copulations, which occurred during at least a 5-day period. The complete fecal hormonal profiles of the one captive female for which continuous data were available were similar to those found in wild muriqui monkeys, with the onset of an increase in sustained progesterone levels occurring several days prior to the onset of sustained estradiol increase. These patterns suggest that fecal progesterone may be excreted rapidly in this species. The onset of sustained increase in fecal progesterone levels, together with the consistent delay in the onset of the sustained increase in estradiol, may provide the best indicators of the periovulatory period for muriqui females. Am. J. Primatol. 42:311–321, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Abstracts of presentations: Abstracts 23-44.
- Subjects
- *
PRIMATES , *MACAQUE behavior , *BABOON behavior , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *COLOBINE monkeys , *BEHAVIOR ,GORILLA behavior - Abstract
Presents several abstracts on primatology. Postural congruence in a captive group of Tonkean macaques; Occurrence of abnormal behavior in group-housed baboons; Cognitive structure in gorilla plant preparation; Variation in mate choice across the reproductive cycle in wild muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides); Photopigment basis for trichromatic color vision in colobine monkeys; Others.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Insights Into Ovarian Function in Wild Muriqui Monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
-
Strier, Karen B. and Ziegler, Toni E.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *OVARIES , *STEROIDS , *PARTURITION , *REPRODUCTION , *SEX (Biology) - Abstract
Fecal samples were collected systematically during a 6-week period, from 13 September-24 October, 1990, from four nonlactating female muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) inhabiting an 800 ha forest at Fazenda Montes Claros in Minas Gerais, Brazil. All four females were experienced mothers; one had most recently given birth in June 1988; the other three had most recently given birth in August 1988. Fecal assays measuring progesterone, estradiol, and estrone indicated consistently low levels in the one female who had given birth in June 1988 and in two of the three females who had given birth in August 1988. Elevated steroid levels did, however, appear in fecal samples from the fourth female on day 15 of the collection period. Steroid levels subsequently dropped and then began to rise again during what appeared to be a second cycle. The cycling female was the only one of the four females examined observed to copulate during the collection period. These preliminary data indicate that nonlactating female muriquis do not cycle year-round, resumption of cycling is not tightly synchronized among females even when their prior parturitions were tightly synchronized, and resumed sexual activity appears to be associated with resumed cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Capture Techniques and Morphometrics for the Woolly Spider Monkey, or Muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806).
- Author
-
de Sá, Rosa M. Lemos and Glander, Kenneth E.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *SEXUAL dimorphism in animals , *MURIQUIS , *BODY weight , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
A total of 12 free-ranging muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) were captured with Telazol® at Fazenda Esmeralda, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and at Fazenda Barreiro Rico, Silo Paulo, Brazil. All animals were measured, marked, weighed, and released. Previously reported data suggested that Brachyteles is a sexually dimorphic species with female-male body weights of 12-15 kg, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in body weight between females (mean = 8.4 kg, range = 6.9-9.3 kg, n = 4) and males (mean = 9.6 kg, range = 9.3-10.2 kg, n = 4). Our results are at variance with previously published body weights in the literature. Larger sample size may reveal a significant sexual difference, particularly in body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Diet in One Group of Woolly Spider Monkeys, or Muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
-
Strier, Karen B.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *DIET , *BODY size , *ANIMAL feeding behavior , *ANIMAL feeding , *PROTEINS - Abstract
Data on feeding behavior in one group of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) were collected during a 14 month study at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Muriquis devoted an average of 51% of their annual feeding time to leaves, 32% to fruits, and 11% to flowers. The high proportion of leaves in their diet is consistent with predictions from the energetics of body size. However, they devoted a greater proportion of their feeding time to patchy fruit and flower resources than was expected from comparisons with smaller, sympatric howler monkeys. Muriqui diet varied with the availability of preferred food types across sample months. Fruit and flower consumption corresponded to the availability and abundance of these food resources in the forest. Leaves contributed substantially to muriqui diet throughout the year but appeared to be eaten primarily to provide necessary protein and/or necessary bulk. Male and female diets differed only in the greater proportion of feeding time females devoted to flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Activity Budgets of Woolly Spider Monkeys, or Muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).
- Author
-
Strier, Karen B.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL nutrition , *MURIQUIS , *LACTATION , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
One group of woolly spider monkeys, or muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides), was observed from June 1983 through July 1984 at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study subjects spent an average of 49% of their daylight time resting, 29% traveling, and 19% feeding. They shifted their diurnal schedule of activities in response to seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall. The activity budgets of adult males and females were similar. However, a comparison of three adult females in different reproductive conditions revealed that the lactating female spent a greater proportion of time feeding than did both the pregnant and nonreproductive females. Intraspecific differences in group size and diet appear to be important to understanding differences in the activity budgets of Brachyteles. Differences between locomotion patterns of woolly spider monkeys and sympatric howler monkeys may explain activity budget differences based on group size and diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Brief communication: A re-evaluation of subspecific variation and canine dimorphism in woolly...
- Author
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Leigh, Steven R. and Jungers, William L.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *SEXUAL dimorphism in animals - Abstract
Discusses the differences between populations of woolly spider monkeys in the degree of canine tooth height sexual dimorphism and in the frequency of thumbs. Intraspecific variation; Dentition differences; Sexual dimorphism indicative of taxonomic differences.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. WORLDWATCH.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *RHINOCEROSES , *WHALES - Abstract
Presents news briefs related to environmental conservation as of December 2001. Establishment of the Feliciano Miguel Abdala Natural Heritage Reserve in Brazil in an effort to save the northern muriqui monkey Brachyteles hypoxanthus; Use of camera traps in the monitoring of rhinoceroses in Ujung Kulon National park, Java, Indonesia; Establishment of a whale sanctuary around the Cook Islands.
- Published
- 2001
36. Rescuing Brazil's Muriqui: Monkey in Peril.
- Author
-
Mittermeier, Russell A.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *MAMMALS - Abstract
Focuses on woolly spider monkeys, Muriquis, which are the largest mammals native exclusively to Brazil. Physical characteristics of these monkeys; Details of their eating habits; Efforts made by conservationists in Brazil towards protecting them from extinction.
- Published
- 1987
37. Menu for a monkey.
- Author
-
Strier, Karen B.
- Subjects
- *
MONKEYS , *SOUTHERN muriqui , *HOWLER monkeys , *ANIMAL social behavior - Abstract
Examines the muriqui monkey, an inhabitant of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. How their relatively low metabolism rate allows them to subsist on leaves; Consideration of how they travel through the branches by swinging their arms; How the social life of muriquis is free of aggression; Rules of etiquette; Male grouping in tolerant groups; Makeup of their diet; Differences between muriquis and howler monkeys; Lack of parasites.
- Published
- 1993
38. A new population of the endangered Brachyteles arachnoides (É. Geoffroy, 1806) (Primates: Atelidae) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil
- Author
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Nicholas Kaminski, Emygdio L. A. Monteiro-Filho, Roberto Fusco-Costa, and Bianca Ingberman
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,QH301-705.5 ,Population ,Endangered species ,Atelidae ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Critically endangered ,fragmentation ,occurrence record ,Muriqui ,Biology (General) ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,conservation ,southern muriqui ,biology.organism_classification ,New population ,Geography ,Atlantic Forest ,Conservation status ,Brachyteles arachnoides - Abstract
The endangered southern muriqui or mono [Brachyteles arachnoides (É. Geoffroy, 1806)], is a primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. One known extant population is found at the southern limit of its distribution, in the state of Paraná, where it is regionally classified as Critically Endangered. Here, we report on a new population in southern Brazil. Additionally, we express our concern about the conservation status of this species in Paraná, because both populations are in small, isolated and unprotected forest fragments.
- Published
- 2016
39. Baby monkey brings joy to conservationists.
- Author
-
Homewood, B.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui - Abstract
Reports on the birth of the first woolly spider monkey in captivity. Birth is important step in saving the species; Where they live in Brazil; Woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.
- Published
- 1992
40. New northern muriqui group discovered in Brazil's Caparaó National Park.
- Author
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Da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, Coli, Alba Z., Clyvia, Aryanne, and Ferraz, Daniel S.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *ENDANGERED species , *PRIMATES , *WILDLIFE conservation - Abstract
The article focuses on the discovery of a group of muriqui or woolly spider monkey in Caparaó National Park in Brazil. Designated as Critically Endangered species, the muriqui is the largest New World primate discovered by a team of researchers supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP).
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Range Extension for an Endangered Marmoset
- Author
-
Mittermeier, Russell A., Coimbra-Filho, Adelmar F., and Constable, Isabel D.
- Subjects
CALLITHRIX jacchus ,ENDANGERED species ,SOUTHERN muriqui - Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Mild and woolly monkeys.
- Subjects
- *
SOUTHERN muriqui , *ANIMAL social behavior - Abstract
Focuses on the social behavior of the woolly spider monkey in Brazil. Observation of cooperation and friendship among males; Reduction of aggression levels; Absence of adverse effects of inbreeding.
- Published
- 1987
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