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The objective of this experimental work was to evaluate a grafted watermelon organic culture at Research and Development Institute for Processing and Marketing of Horticultural Products - Horting, Bucharest, Romania for pollution reduction and efficient use of land destined to urban research and education. The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus sp. vulgaris) is a plant originally from the South Africa and cultivated over all in world. It is a very popular and important crop in Romania. This research was conducted on import watermelon hybrids appreciated in south side. Two F1 hybrid rootstocks: 'Aurora - NIZ 54-07' (Lagenaria siceraria) and 'Nimbus - NIZ 53-46' (inter-specific hybrid, Cucurbita moschata x C. maxima) and three F1 hybrid scions (C. lanatus sp. vulgaris): 'Adam', 'Odem' and 'Vasko' were used to obtain grafted and ungrafted seedlings. The culture was fertilized with solution (0.1-1%) with macroelements and microelements of organic origin, so: on soil with 4N-4P-4K+2MgO, 3N-6P-12K+3MgO and foliar with N2000mg-P4000mg-K200mg+Fe220mg, Mg550mg, Zn49g, Cu35mg, Mn54mg, B, Ca, Mo, Co, Ni10mg, amino acids, multivitamins, plant enzymes, hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins) / fertilizer litre and planting density was reduced by half (2500 plants/ha at grafted plants and 6000 plants/ha at ungrafted plants) to a efficient use of land. The results show as the watermelon organic production was influenced by grafting. The grafted watermelon had a superior production, superior quantity (increase of production to 95% 'Adam', 96% 'Odem', 98% 'Vasko') but the fruit quality did not change significantly comparative with ungrafted watermelon - control; differences between grafted and ungrafted: 0.65% soluble dry substance, 0.02% titratable acidity, 0.10% soluble carbohydrates, 0.15% vitamin C. The results obtained in this research have been statistically processed by the variant analysis method; the calculation has been made for 3 levels of significance: 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001. These combinations of rootstock x scion are recommended to be grown in organic cultures from Bucharest. The watermelon organic culture (fruit yield and quality) and the culture medium (soil, air and so on) are positively influenced by grafted plant use on the urban land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tomatoes have highest share in Romanian crops from protected spaces (greenhouses, solariums). The grafting is an agronomical technique that induces or improves some qualities of the tomato cultivars (resistance to soil diseases and pests, resistance to abiotic factors, quantity and quality of fruit production). The research was aimed the establishing of the technological stages for producing of scion and rootstock seedlings from L. esculentum species, to obtain compatible phenotype when is grafted. The observations of this research were conducted on Department of Horticultural Cultures in Protected Spaces from Horting Institute Bucharest. The experience was carry out on a cultivar collection consisting from L. esculentum plants: a scion ('Siriana' F1 hybrid) and three rootstocks ('L542', 'L543' and 'L544'), creations from the germplasm bank of Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzău (VDRS Buzău). The 'Siriana' tomato hybrid (Figure 1) is an early Romanian F1 hybrid with indeterminate. It is cultivated in protected spaces and field. has big vigor, spherical shaped and slightly flattened fruit, red in color, with an up to 150 g in weight, height of 5 cm, diameter of 6.5 cm and 4-5 seminal lodges. The plant is early (110-115 days). The technology for obtaining of scion and rootstock seedlings has been according to the ecological requirements of the L. esculentum specie. The plant diameters were correlated for splice grafting, cutting at 45 degrees and the grafting was performed successfully. The technological steps have achieved phenotypic compatibility of the plants when was the splice grafting. The statistical analysis has been carried out by Duncan's test. After callus formation and vascularization, seedlings have been managed by following specific technology for producing tomato seedlings until they were planted. The technology for producing of grafted planting material at some Romanian 'Siriana' tomatoes was established for the research crops in Bucharest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian eggplant growers get important productions in protected spaces, besides optimum natural periods. The average yields obtained from crops of grafted eggplants are with approx. 25% higher compared with productions of ungrafted culture. The experience was conducted at the Horting Institute Bucharest, Romania. The grafted and ungrafted eggplant plants were obtained and maintained during vegetation period according to the classic technologies, in some specialized greenhouses: a greenhouse specialized in producing of vegetable seedlings, it has a 1450 square meters surface, it is protected against condense by a double layers cover with an under pressure air layer as thermal insulator and it is equipped with a system for shadowing, ventilation and cooling of the grafting room and a greenhouse for vegetable cultures (glass greenhouse of block type). The paper objective was to identify the impact of Romanian rootstocks on short time storage at some Dutch eggplants. The experiences regarding the eggplant storage were organized concerning the maintaining duration of the quality by losses analyzing (weight and impairment) and the main biochemical changes (soluble dry matter, total sugar) during storage. For experimentation, were used eggplants from ungrafted plant culture, composed with the hybrid Black Pearl F1 and eggplants from grafted plant culture composed with some combinations scion x rootstock, Black Pearl F1 x L11, Black Pearl F1 x L23B, Black Pearl F1 x L1S, Black Pearl F1 x L5S. The eggplant storage was made in 3 variants: unpacked, temperature of 23-250C and relative humidity to 40%; unpacked, temperature of 40C and relative humidity of 90%; packed in plastic boxes and temperature of 40C. Best results were obtained at eggplants stored packed in boxes and 40C. The experience was insured statistically. The eggplant quality is affected during prolonged storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tomatoes are widely spread on all globe because the fruits have an important content of carbohydrate (2.9 - 7%), vitamins (A, B, B2, B6, C), salts of important mineral elements (K, P, Fe, Ca, I, Mg) and organic acids (0.5-1.5%). They are considered one of most important vegetable crops. The Romanians have classic options about the vegetable taste; they appreciate tomato with superior organoleptic qualities, the "taste of Romanian tomato". In Romania, the aim is the propagation and the cultivation of Romanian tomato varieties and hybrids specially designed for to be cultivated in protected spaces because they are adapted to soil and climatic conditions from country and to meet the consumer demands. The objective of this research paper was to determine the biological potential of some Romanian tomatoes cultivated in greenhouse. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Horticultural Crops in Protected Spaces from the Research and Development Institute for Processing and Marketing of Horticultural Products-Horting Bucharest (RDIPMHP-Horting), Romania. The biological material has consisted from some tomato genotypes (Lycopersiccon esculentum), L26C, L28, L80, L548 and L2000A, from the biological creations patrimony of the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzău (RDSVG Buzău), Romania. For to achieve this objective, the ecological and technological requirements of the specie were respected. The results were statistically insured by calculating of the variation coefficient (s%). The tomatoes (L26C, L28, L80, L548 and L2000) are recommended for cultivation in conditions of protected space (greenhouse) in the south area of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomatoes are an important crop in Romania; they ranks first as share in greenhouses and solariums. The preferential use of the tomato F1 hybrids led to preponderant use of seeds of foreign origin other than Romania. So, in present is required the creation of Romanian cultivars (varieties and F1 hybrids) destined for cultivation in protected spaces. The objective of this research was to establish an optimal technology for producing some seedlings of genitors from the Lycopersicon esculentum specie for cultivation in second cycle in greenhouse and use as germplasm. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Horticultural Crops in Protected Spaces, from Horting Institute Bucharest, Romania. The biological material was composed of tomato, the lines L26C, L28, L80, L548 and L2000, creations from the germplasm bank of Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzau (VDRS Buzău). In order to achieve this objective, the ecological demands of the specie have been complied. The partial results have been obtained to ensure coincidence at flowering of the parental organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to establish the technological stages for obtaining the grafted watermelons in different phenological phases of the scion in the climatic conditions from Romania. The observations were done in 2013-2014 period, inside the Laboratory of Protected Cultures, in greenhouse specialized in producing from grafted vegetable seedlings of the Research and Development Institute for Processing and Marketing of the Horticultural Products -- Horting, Bucharest. Grafting is based on the merge between scion and rootstock. The experience has varied with following factors: scion, rootstock and phenological phase of the scion. The biological material used was formed from five F1 hybrids: two Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks -- UG29A and Macis and three scions -- Sorento, Pată neagră, Vasko. The scion and rootstock seedlings were obtained in alveolar trays (24 ml/cell volume for scion and 15 ml/cell volume for rootstock), in nutritive mixture (peat3 : perlite1). The germination conditions were: 25-27°C, 80% relative atmospheric humidity. The germination temperature was maintained at constant value (day and night) until to plant emergence. The plants were maintained between emergence and grafting according to classical technology for obtaining the cucurbit seedlings. The grafting was performed in different phenological phases of the scion: cotyledon leaves, one true leaf, two true leaves. The statistical analysis showed differences between variants. The phenological phase of the scion has influenced the survival rate of the grafted plants. The optimal phenological phase was first true leaf for all scions. For a successful grafting is necessary to observe the optimal phase of the watermelon scions; it is an important aspect in the technology for producing of grafted watermelons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to determine the optimum temperature to a qualitative emergence (early and uniform) of some cucurbit rootstocks. The experience was carried out in 2014, inside the Laboratory of Protected Cultures, in greenhouse specialized in producing from grafted vegetable seedlings of the Research and Development Institute for Processing and Marketing of the Horticultural Products -- Horting, Bucharest. The experience has varied with following factors: rootstock and emergence temperature. The biological material used was formed from five F1 hybrids: two inter-specific (Cucurbita moschata x C. maxima) rootstocks -- Shintoza and TZ148 and three Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks -- Argentario, Achille and Macis. Rootstocks seeds were sown in alveolar trays (24 ml/cell volume), in nutritive substrate (peat3 : perlite1); peat with grain size 0- 10 mm, NPK (1 kg/m³), microelements B, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, S (0.050 kg/m³), calcar (4.7 kg/m³), pH 6, wetting agent 100 ml/m³. After sowing and wetting, temperature was regulated in 3 different variants: 15°C, 20°C, 28°C. The germination temperature was maintained at constant value (day and night) until to plant emergence. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared at the 0.01 or 0.05 significance levels. Correlation coefficients were calculated between temperatures and uniformity rates in first emergence day. The statistical analysis showed differences between variants. The temperature has influenced the emergence of the rootstocks (length of time between sowing and emergence and uniformity of plants). All rootstocks had an optimal emergence at 28°C; a maximum uniformity (95%) between 4-4.5 days after sowing. An optimal emergence of the cucurbits rootstocks is an important aspect in the technology for producing of grafted seedlings. This technology is developing in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]