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Toker, Kamil (isu author) Background: Palpation of anatomic landmarks is difficult in pregnant patients due to physiological changes. This can complicate epidural catheterization and determination of needle insertion site to place an epidural catheter. The purpose of our study was to compare prepuncture lumbar ultrasonography and palpation method for epidural needle insertion among pregnant. Methods: Forty parturients scheduled for labor analgesia were randomized into two groups: Ultrasound group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Needle insertion point was identified by lumbar ultrasonography in ultrasound group and by palpation in control group. We recorded number of puncture attempts, number of necessary puncture levels, epidural catheterization time and complications during epidural catheterization. Results: Number of puncture attempts was 1.35±0.58 in ultrasound group and 1.2±0.4 in control group. Number of puncture levels was 1.05±0.22 in ultrasound group and 1.10 ±0.3 in control group. Duration of epidural procedure was 93 seconds in ultrasound group and 88 seconds in control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Sudden low back pain during needle insertion was significantly lower in ultrasound group (p=0.03). Conclusions: Pre-puncture lumbar ultrasonography lowered sudden back pain during needle insertion. Ultrasound guidance did not reduce number of puncture attempts, necessary puncture levels and time of epidural catheterization among normal weight pregnant. © 2017, American University of Beirut. All rights reserved.

Objective: Epidural analgesia is the most popular method which can provide excellent pain relief and it allows the mother to be awake and cooperative during labor. After the initial loading dose is given, epidural analgesia may be maintained by different techniques. The aim of this study was to compare patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and continuous epidural infusion (CEI) on analgesia quality (the primary outcome measure) and maternal-fetal effects, side effects and drug consumption (secondaty outcomes).Method: We collected data of 40 parturients who request for epidural labor analgesia. The initial loading was given with 10 mL 0.125 % levobupivacaine and 100 figfentanyl in the two groups. They were allocated into two groups as PCEA (n=20) or CEI (n=20) for maintenance with the same solution of % 0,125 levobupivacaine and2 ¡Ag mL' fentanyl mixture. In the PCEA group,parturients self-administered 4 mL boluses, with a lock-out interval of 20 min and a 4 h maximum dose of 48 mL, in the CEI group on 12 mLlh continuous infusion was delivered. Results: Quality of analgesia measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and maternal satisfaction were comparable in the two groups. The drug consumption was lower in the PCEA group compared to the CEI group (p=0,005). Haemodynamic parameters, side effects and complications were equally distributed in the two groups. Conclusion: Regarding similar analgesic efficacy, PCEA with levobupivacaine and fentanyl allows a decrease in local anesthetic consumption, so it is a good alternative to the CEI method.

Prostate cancer is one of the most significant cancers of men all over the world. The microRNAs (miRNAs) possess crucial functions in pathogenesis of the disease and its gain of androgen independency. The miRNAs are small, approximately 18-24 nucleotides, non-coding, endogenously synthesized RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are found in viruses, plants, and animal cells. The miRNAs have critical functions in gene expression and their dysregulation may cause tumor formation and progression of several diseases. Here, we have reviewed the most current literature to elucidate the function of miRNAs in human prostate cancer. We believe that this will help investigators not only working in prostate cancer, but also studying the miRNAs in other diseases to delineate the functions of miRNAs implicated in human prostate cancer development and progression. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik AraÅ?tirma Kurumu This work is supported by a grant (108S051) from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

In this study CyathipodiaBoud., a member of the Helvellaceae family (Pezizales, Ascomycetes)was recorded for the first time from Turkey.

Mantar örnekleri 1998 ve 2004 yıllarında İstanbul ve Balıkesir illerinden toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin makroskobik ve mikroskobik özelliklerinden yararlanarak teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Bu makrofunguslar arasından 2 tür Türkiye de ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Bunlar Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.: Fr.) Bat. ve Russula carminea (Schaeff.) Kühner & Romagn.'dır. Bu türler tanımlanmış ve resmedilmiştir.

WOS: 000264830500039 Marasmius castaneophilus, a new agaric (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) growing oil sweet chestnut husks in Turkey, is described and illustrated. Its taxonomic position within the genus is discussed.

Bu çalışma ile Aydın yörsinde farklı lokalitelerden 2002-2005 yılları arasında özellikle ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında 2037 makrofungus örneği toplanmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda teşhis edilen 212 türün değerlendirmesi ile bunlardan 74 türün yenilebilir olduğu belirlenmiştir., In this study, totally 2037 macrofungi specimens have been collected from different localities in Aydın province, between 2002 and 2005 particularly during the months of autumn and spring seasons. As a result of the field and laboratory studies, it was determined that 74 of the total species were edible.

Aim. The aim of the paper was to investigate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) together with general anaesthesia (GA) play a role on apoptosis in humans before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) before aortic cross clamp (ACC) and at 15 min after ACC release (after ischemia and reperfusion). Methods. Eighty patients scheduled for elective CABG were randomized to receive either GA group (n: 40) or TEA+GA group (n: 40). The right atrial biopsy samples were taken before CPB before ACC and at 15 min after ACC release from all patients. Human heart tissues were obtained from patients of TEA+GA group and GA group. The number of Bcl-2 positive cardiomyocytes was counted in multiple tissue sections of biopsies of 80 patients using fight microscopy (magnification X 40) with an ocular micrometer system (Olympus). Results. In the TEA+GA group the Bcl-2 positive cardiomyocytes were distinctly statistically increased compared to the GA group (P0.05) (2.6 +/- 0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 3.1 +/- 1.1 L/Min/m(2) P>0.05). The number of patients showing ventricular fibrillation (VF) atrial fibrillation or heart block after release of the ACC was 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the TEA+GA group versus 25 of 40 (62.5%) in the GA group. The number of patients showing VF after release of ACC was 9 out of 20 patients (22.5%) in the TEA+GA group which was significantly lower than in the GA group (21 of 40 patients 52.5%) (P

Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) is a rare condition with a number of characteristic congenital abnormalities. The syndrome is characterized by peculiar facial appearance (resembling the make-up of actors in Kabuki, the traditional Japanese theater), skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, postnatal growth deficiency, and mental retardation. These are rare reports of central nervous system dysfunctions, other than mental retardation, and no previously described congenital talipes calcaneo-valeus in this syndrome. We report the case of a 22-month-old girl having Kabuki make-up. At presentation, she had an adenoid hypertrophy and a history of recurrent otitis media. She had also delay in motor development, and a postnatal growth deficiency. The variable phenotypic expression is a well-known characteristic of the syndrome. For that reason, we should perform careful morphologic examination in every patient and their parents, and use flexotype laryngoscope (Heine, Germany) to visualize vocal cord in case of difficult intubation. At preoperative examination, as clinicians, we must be careful regarding patient morphology. Congenital heart defects and epilepsy are important for anesthesia management in KMS.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) in patients with poor ventricular function undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) during the intraoperative and the postoperative period. Methods. Eighty patients (n=80) undergoing elective CABG surgery with cardiopulmobary bypass (CPB) were divided into 4 groups: 1) General anesthesia (GA) plus poor ventricular (PV) function patients (Group GA plus PV) (n=20) ejection fraction (EF) 40% 3) Thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA)+GA poor ventricular function patients (Group TEA+GA plus PV) (n=20) EF less than or equal to 40% 4) TEA+GA good ventricular function patients (Group TEA+GA plus GV) (n=20) EF > 40%. Results. Within groups at 4 h after the end of CPB in the Group TEA+GA plus PV and Group TEA+GA plus GV the cardiac index values were significantly higher than baseline values P < 0.05 whereas no difference was found in the Group GA plus PV and Group GA plus GV. According to Tukey test using repeated measures between trend of groups the cardiac index values were significantly different P < 0.05. In the Group TEA+GA plus PV cardiac index values were significantly higher than the Group GA plus PV P < 0.05. But in the Group GA plus GV cardiac index values were not significantly different than the Group TEA+GA plus GV. The incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) after release of aortic cross-clamp in the Group TEA+GA plus PV (4 of 20 patients: 20%) was significantly lower than in the Group GA plus PV (11 of 20 patients: 55%) P < 0.05. The incidence of reperfusion VF after release of aortic cross-clamp in the Group TEA+GA plus GV (5 of 20 patients: 25%) was not significantly different than in the Group GA plus GV (10 of 20 patients: 50%) NS. Conclusion. TEA seems to be effective in patients with poor left ventricular function. Our results (improved cardiac index reduced arrhythmias after release of aortic clamp and decreased inotropic requirement) are better with TEA particularly in patients with poor left ventricular function.