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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a global health threat, with the oral microbiome increasingly implicated in its pathogenesis. This study leverages Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore causal links between oral microbiota and CRC using data from the China National GeneBank and Biobank Japan. By integrating multi-omics approaches, we aim to uncover mechanisms by which the microbiome influences cellular metabolism and cancer development. Methods: We analyzed microbiome profiles from 2017 tongue and 1915 saliva samples, and GWAS data for 6692 CRC cases and 27178 controls. Significant bacterial taxa were identified via MR analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and enrichment analyses elucidated underlying pathways, and drug predictions identified potential therapeutics. Results: MR identified 19 bacterial taxa significantly associated with CRC. Protective effects were observed in taxa like RUG343 and Streptococcus_umgs_2425, while HOT-345_umgs_976 and W5053_sp000467935_mgs_712 increased CRC risk. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed key pathways, including JAK-STAT signaling and tyrosine metabolism. Drug prediction highlighted potential therapeutics like Menadione Sodium Bisulfite and Raloxifene. Conclusion: This study establishes the critical role of the oral microbiome in colorectal cancer development, identifying specific microbial taxa linked to CRC risk. Single-cell RNA sequencing and drug prediction analyses further elucidate key pathways and potential therapeutics, providing novel insights and personalized treatment strategies for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Xenografts of androgen-independent human DU145 prostate metastatic carcinomas implanted in nu/nu male mice have revealed a significant survival after a prooxidant anticancer treatment consisting of a combination of menadione bisulfite and sodium ascorbate (VK3:VC). Methods: Implanted samples of diaphragm carcinomas from longest survived mice from either oral, intraperitoneal (IP), or both oral and IP treatment groups were assessed with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to analyze morphologic damages. Results: Compared with previous fine structure data of in vitro untreated carcinomas, the changes induced by oral, IP, and oral with IP VK3:VC treatment dismantled those xenografts with autoschizis, and necrotic atrophy was accomplished by cell's oxidative stress whose injuries were consequent to reactivated deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. Tumor destructions resulted from irreversible damages of nucleus components, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria there. Other alterations included those of the cytoskeleton that resulted in characteristic self-excisions named " autoschizis." All these injuries lead resilient cancer cells to necrotic cell death. Conclusion: The fine structure damages caused by VK3:VC prooxidant combination in the human DU145 prostate xenografts confirmed those shown in vitro and of other cell lines with histochemistry and biomolecular investigations. These devastations incurred without damage to normal tissues; thus, our data brought support for the above combination to assist in the treatment of prostate cancers and other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key trigger for pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and contributes greatly to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Extracellular Ca2+ influx via a store-operated Ca2+ channel, termed store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), is a crucial mechanism for [Ca2+]i increase in PASMCs. Calcium release–activated calcium modulator (Orai) proteins, consisting of three members (Orai1–3), are the main components of the store-operated Ca2+ channel. Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) is a product of the addition reaction of sodium bisulfite and houttuynin and has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and other properties. In this study, we assessed the contributions of Orai proteins to monocrotaline (MCT)–enhanced SOCE, [Ca2+]i, and cell proliferation in PASMCs and determined the effect of SH on MCT-PH and the underlying mechanism, focusing on Orai proteins, SOCE, and [Ca2+]i in PASMCs. Our results showed that: 1) Orai1 and Orai2 were selectively upregulated in the distal pulmonary arteries and the PASMCs of MCT-PH rats; 2) knockdown of Orai1 or Orai2 reduced SOCE, [Ca2+]i, and cell proliferation without affecting their expression in PASMCs in MCT-PH rats; 3) SH significantly normalized the characteristic parameters in a dose-dependent manner in the MCT-PH rat model; and 4) SH decreased MCT-enhanced SOCE, [Ca2+]i, and PASMC proliferation via Orai1 or Orai2. These results indicate that SH likely exerts its protective role in MCT-PH by inhibiting the Orai1,2–SOCE–[Ca2+]i signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the effects of different isolation methods on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. thermoplastic starch (TPS). Three isolation methods were used: extraction with sodium bisulfite (M1), with distilled water (M2) and by an acid process (M3). The research focused on studying the effect of the insulation method on the structural integrity and properties of the TPS. The study revealed that the isolation technique significantly influences the morphology and size of starch granules, as demonstrated in SEM analysis. FTIR spectra identified variations in hydrogen bond formation and molecular structure of starch. The TGA analyses showed differences in the thermal stability of the TPS, depending on the insulation method, with the M3 process providing the greatest thermal stability. Furthermore, DSC analysis showed variances in gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy between the different TPS materials. Regarding the mechanical properties, it was found that the insulation method affects the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the TPS. Mechanical test results verified that the stiffness and flexibility of the TPS are directly affected by the insulation process. This research provides information on the effect that, the starch isolation methods proposed, possesses on the properties of Melicoccus TPS bijugatus Jacq. These findings are fundamental to optimize the application of TPS in various areas, considering the specific characteristics of each isolation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA methylation is an important molecular modification that plays a key role in the expression of cancer genes. Evaluation of epigenetic changes, hypomethylation and hypermethylation, in specific genes are applied for cancer diagnosis. Numerous studies have concentrated on describing DNA methylation patterns as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis monitoring and predicting response to cancer therapy. Various techniques for detecting DNA methylation status in cancers are based on sodium bisulfite treatment. According to the application of these methods in research and clinical studies, they have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The current review highlights sodium bisulfite treatment-based techniques, as well as, the advantages, drawbacks, and applications of these methods in the evaluation of human cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oak bark is a by-product known for its richness in polyphenols, with tanning substances being particularly interesting for their application in different fields. Vegetable tannins are mostly utilized in the leather sector, but are also widely used as adhesives, in cement plasticizers and for medical and agrochemical applications owing to their natural antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to develop a green and efficient pilot-scale technique for extracting polyphenols from oak bark by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using a modified Dual-Frequency Reactor (DFR). Different parameters, such as extraction time, temperature, and solvent type (water, sodium hydroxide or sodium sulfite and bisulfite solutions) were investigated for their influence on the total phenolic content (TPC) and the quantity of dry extract. Control experiments by conventional methods were also performed. UAE at 50 °C yielded the highest TPC and dry extract (confirmed by ANOVA analysis, p < 0.05) in just 10 min, suggesting that UAE can be considered an energy- and cost-effective alternative to conventional techniques. The most suitable solvent was found to be a 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution. The molecular profile of the extracts was assessed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, revealing typical signals of tannins in all extracts. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated the complete absence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the extracts, ensuring the suitability of the product for different kinds of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporary plugging diversion fracturing in multistage horizontal well is normally used to improve stimulation efficiency and increase production in unconventional reservoirs. Temporary plugging agent plays an important role in diversion fracturing. A strongly resilient temporary plugging diversion agent can improve the effectiveness of fracturing diversion. Therefore, a novel organosilicon temporary plugging diversion agent (QBZU) was developed through micellar copolymerization method. Self-synthesized strongly resilient temporary plugging diversion agent (QBZU gel) was prepared by using acrylamide, N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide, surfactants, organosilicon, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as chemical raw materials. The micellar copolymerization is investigated to overcome the incompatibility of hydrophobic organosilicon and water-soluble monomer by adding some appropriate surfactants. The experimental results indicated that the combination of sodium dodecyl sulphonate and Tween 80 provided excellent copolymerization results. The characteristics of compressive resistance, salt resistance, shearing resistance, resilience and degradation are superior compared with traditional rigid granular temporary plugging agent widely used in oilfields (QG hydrogel). According to the experimental evaluation results of QBZU, its pressure-bearing capacity can reach 56.3MPa, shearing strength can reach 410N, elastic modulus can reach 80MPa, and Poisson ratio can reach 0.48. Meanwhile, the main synthetic factors affecting the resilient performance of QBZU were investigated, including polymer concentration, organosilicon concentration and the types of surfactant. Based on the fracturing pressure curve and microseismic monitoring results, the plugging and fracture diversion effectiveness was further confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to arsenic (As) is a public health problem associated with cancer (skin and colon) and it has been reported that epigenetic changes may be a potential mechanism of As carcinogenesis. It is pertinent to evaluate this process in genes that have been associated with cancer, such as ADAMTS9 and C18ORF8. Gestation and delivery data were obtained from the POSGRAD study. Exposure to As was measured in urine during pregnancy. Gene methylation was performed by sodium bisulfite sequencing; 26 CpG sites for the C18ORF8 gene and 21 for ADAMTS9 were analyzed. These sites are located on the CpG islands near the start of transcription. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Newborns with an As exposure above 49.4 μg g−1 showed a decrease of 0.21% on the methylation rate in the sites CpG15, CpG19, and CpG21 of the C18ORF8 gene (adjusted ß = −0.21, p-value = 0.02). No statistically significant association was found between prenatal exposure to As and methylation of the ADAMTS9 gene. Prenatal exposure to As was associated with decreased DNA methylation at the CpG15, CpG19, and CpG21 sites of the C18ORF8 gene. These sites can provide information to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms associated with prenatal exposure to As and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quenching of excess aqueous ozone (O3) residual is needed to avoid off-gassing and oxidative damage to downstream components. Eight quenching agents (QAs), calcium thiosulfate (Ca-Thio), sodium bisulfite (Na-Bi), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium thiosulfate (Na-Thio), sodium metabisulfite (Na-Metabi), potassium metabisulfite (K-Metabi), sodium sulfite (Na-S), and ascorbic acid (AscAcid) were tested at varying pHs (7.5, 7.9, and 8.5) and temperatures (4°C, 15°C, and 23°C). Temperature had significant effects on initial quenching (≤30 s), with less occurring at 4°C than 23°C; but with extended contact time this trend reversed. Quenching efficiency was not substantially affected by pH. Ca-Thio and Na-Thio were inefficient but quick, had lower mass requirements, and minimal handling concerns. Na-Metabi, Na-Bi, and Na-S were quick and efficient, but K-Metabi was the only QA that quenched (26–31%) less O3 than stoichiometry at all conditions. These sulfite-based QAs had more handling concerns and greater mass requirements. H2O2 was slower than other QAs but 2–9× quicker than predicted by rate coefficients and efficient when given longer contact time (≤5 min). H2O2 had some handling concerns but the lowest mass requirements (assuming 5 min contact time) and creates desirable AOP conditions. AscAcid consistently quenched (22–113%) more O3 than the stoichiometric ratio but had higher mass requirements, except in colder temperatures. Hydrodynamics, QA-diffuser design, and supply chain were also important considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bactericera cockerelli causes damage to nightshade crops in Mexico, causing millions of pesos in losses to producers; for its control, chemical insecticides have been used, which over time has generated resistance in the insect, causing its control to be more difficult year after year. New alternatives are sought for the control of this pest, among which the use of resistance inducers that are effective and environmentally friendly stands out; menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) is an effective alternative with low environmental impact that has proven to be an activator of plant defenses and has insecticidal effects. In the present work, tests were carried out to determine the effects of MSB on the survival and development of the insect. Cohorts with B. cockerelli eggs were established, using three tomato plants of the Río Grande variety in each of the entomological cages, to test the effect of menadione on the development and survival of the insect B. cockerelli. According to the data obtained, no significant differences were found in the days of development of the immature stages of the insect, while in the survival data the MSB treatments had the highest mortalities, of 42 to 80%, demonstrating that MSB causes the mortality of B. cockerelli nymphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, little is known about the characteristics of polyphenol oxidase from wheat bran, which is closely linked to the browning of wheat product. The wheat PPO was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange column, and Superdex G-75 chromatography column. Purified wheat PPO activity was 11.05-fold higher, its specific activity was 1365.12 U/mg, and its yield was 8.46%. SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of wheat PPO was approximately 21 kDa. Its optimal pH and temperature were 6.5 and 35 °C for catechol as substrate, respectively. Twelve phenolic substrates from wheat and green tea were used for analyzing the substrate specificity. Wheat PPO showed the highest affinity to catechol due to its maximum Vmax (517.55 U·mL−1·min−1) and low Km (6.36 mM) values. Docking analysis revealed strong affinities between catechol, gallic acid, EGCG, and EC with binding energies of −5.28 kcal/mol, −4.65 kcal/mol, −4.21 kcal/mol, and −5.62 kcal/mol, respectively, for PPO. Sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, and sodium bisulfite dramatically inhibited wheat PPO activity. Cu2+ and Ca2+ at 10 mM were considered potent activators and inhibitors for wheat PPO, respectively. This report provides a theoretical basis for controlling the enzymatic browning of wheat products fortified with green tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium bisulfite is a food additive, and its excessive intake can be harmful to human health. In this work, a new method for detecting bisulfite was developed based on the Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme with enhanced polyphenol oxidase-like (PPO-like) activity. The Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme was obtained from the ammonia erosion of the Cu-HCF nanozyme, and its PPO-like activity was enhanced by nearly 100% than that of the Cu-HCF nanozyme. It is possible that the Cu/Fe ratio of Etch-Cu-HCF increased after ammonia etching and more copper active sites were exposed. In addition, based on the PPO-like activity of the Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) can be oxidized to its corresponding quinone-like product, which can combine with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP) to obtain colorful products with UV absorption at 510 nm. However, the quinone-like product can be consumed by bisulfite via an addition reaction, which reduces the binding of the quinone-like product to 4-AP, resulting in a decrease in the UV absorbance of the system at 510 nm. Therefore, a new method for the detection of bisulfite was developed. The detecting range was 0–50 μM, and the detecting limit was 0.47 μM. The method has good selectivity and was successfully applied for the analysis of bisulfite in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approaches to forensic human identification (HID) are largely comparative in nature, relying upon the comparison of short tandem repeat profiles to known reference materials and/or database profiles. However, many profiles are generated from evidence materials that either do not have a reference material for comparison or do not produce a database hit. As an alternative to individualizing analysis for HID, researchers of forensic DNA have demonstrated that the human epigenome can provide a wealth of information. However, epigenetic analysis requires sodium b_;is_;ulfite c_;onversion (BSC), a sample preparation method that is time-consuming, labor-intensive, prone to contamination, and characterized by DNA loss and fragmentation. To provide an alternative method for BSC that is more amenable to integration with the forensic DNA workflow, we describe a rotationally-driven, microfluidic method for dynamic solid phase-BSC (dSP-BSC) that streamlines the sample preparation process in an automated format, capable of preparing up to four samples in parallel. The method permitted decreased incubation intervals by ∼36% and was assessed for relative DNA recovery and conversion efficiency and compared to gold-standard and enzymatic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CP is an amino-ester local anesthetic with a very short half-life. It was introduced and has been successfully used for spinal anesthesia since 1952. Sodium bisulfite was then added as a preservative after 1956 to the commercially available CP preparation. The drug was used as an epidural anesthetic for obstetric patients. After obtaining the approval from institutional review board and the ethical committee, 60 ASA Grade I and Grade II patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria who were undergoing short duration urology, lower limb and perianal surgeries were selected. The independent 't' test result shows that there is a significant difference in mean of return to bromage 0 (min) between the groups with Chloroprocaine with fentanyl group taking longer time to bromage 0 (<0.001*). The independent 't' test result shows that there is a significant difference in mean of time to rescue analgesia(min) between the groups with Chloroprocaine with fentanyl group requiring longer time for analgesia (<0.001*). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) play a pivotal role in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity and function in fungi under various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans mnSOD/SodB increased oxidative stress sensitivity and apoptotic cell death rates as well as affected antioxidant enzyme and sterigmatocystin productions, respiration, conidiation and the stress tolerance of conidiospores. The physiological consequences of the lack of sodB were more pronounced during carbon starvation than in the presence of glucose. Lack of SodB also affected the changes in the transcriptome, recorded by high-throughput RNA sequencing, in menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-exposed, submerged cultures supplemented with glucose. Surprisingly, the difference between the global transcriptional changes of the ΔsodB mutant and the control strain were relatively small, indicating that the SodB-dependent maintenance of mitochondrial integrity was not essential under these experimental conditions. Owing to the outstanding physiological flexibility of the Aspergilli, certain antioxidant enzymes and endogenous antioxidants together with the reduction in mitochondrial functions compensated well for the lack of SodB. The lack of sodB reduced the growth of surface cultures more than of the submerged culture, which should be considered in future development of fungal disinfection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the therapeutic potential of a pro-oxidant treatment in managing both prostate cancer and X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). Topics discussed include the inhibition of the lipid kinase Vps34 by menadione sodium bisulfite, the newly identified cell death process termed "triaptosis," and the implications of oxidative stress in cancer progression and muscle diseases.

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies have been carried out to identify the effect of sulfitation treatment of sugar-beet processing semi-products on their color when it is carried out at one or several processing stages, as well as in its complete absence. At the first stage, the influence of the process of sulfitation treatment of the extractant and thin juice on the color of the thin juice and thick juice obtained from the thin juice by evaporation was studied. It was established that the sulfitation treatment of only the extractant provided a decrease in the color of the thick juice by 9.21%, while the sulfitation treatment of only thin juice – by 55.00%, and the sulfitation treatment of extractant and thin juice – by 58.16%. In addition, an increase in the purity of the thick juice by 0.45% due to the sulfitation treatment of the extractant and thin juice reduced the sucrose content in molasses by 0.11% and, consequently, reduced the overall loss of sugar in production. At the second stage, the effect of sulfitation treatment of a B+C remelt syrups with the use of sulfur dioxide and sodium bisulfite was studied. It was established that the amount of blocked aldehyde and ketone groups when thick juice was treated with sulfur dioxide was higher than when treated with sodium bisulfite due to the divalent anion SO3 2–, and not the monovalent HSO3–. At the third stage, under production conditions, the effect of sulfitation treatment of massecuite I on the boiling time and color of white sugar was studied. It was established that the average value of the color of white sugar in the presence of sulfitation treatment of massecuite I was 0.44 ICUMSA units, while without treatment – 0.50 ICUMSA units, i.e. under production conditions, the sulfitation treatment of massecuite A made it possible to reduce the color of the finished product – white sugar by 12.0%.

The groundwater polluted by an agricultural hormone site was taken as the research object, and a total of 7 groundwater samples were collected at different locations in the plant. The main pollutants in the research area were determined to be extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40); 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,1,2-trichloroethane; carbon tetrachloride; vinyl chloride, and chloroform; the maximum content of these pollutants can reach 271 mg/L, 1.68 × 107 µg/L, 1.56 × 104 µg/L, 9.53 × 104 µg/L, 6.58 × 104 µg/L, and 4.81 × 104 µg/L, respectively. Aiming at the problems of groundwater pollution in this area, two sets of oxidation experiments have been carried out. The addition of NaHSO3 modified Fenton oxidation system was used in this contaminated water, which enhanced (2.2 ~ 46.7%) chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. The highest removal rate of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40) can reach 99%. And the degradation rate of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants can reach 99% to 100%, which almost achieved the purpose of complete removal. In the NaHSO3 modified Fenton oxidation system, the addition of NaHSO3 accelerates the cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ and ensures the continuous existence of Fe2+ in the reaction system, thereby producing more ·OH and further oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants. Our work has provided important insights for this economically important treatment of this type water body and laid the foundation for the engineering of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, various electrochemical cells were developed from carbons recovered from mechanical seal carbons, electric motor brush carbons (MBC) and AA battery carbons (BC). After the different types of carbons were conditioned, three electrooxidation devices were assembled, where the carbons were used as anode, and the cathode was stainless steel 304 SS. In each of the devices, three different separations between the anode and the cathode were considered: 1/8”, 3/16” and 1/4”. The electrical characterization of each of the cells was carried out using a sodium bisulfite solution (NaHSO3 ), with and without system agitation. The results indicated that agitation was not a factor that significantly affected the voltage conduction. The voltametric behavior revealed that the highest current density was presented by the MBC (39.2 mA/cm² ) for a separation of 1/8”, followed by the BC (17.45 mA/cm² ) for the same separation. To select the best arrangement, the premature wear of the anode was also considered. In this instance the BC did not present carbon detachment, so it was selected to carry out the degradation of 17-α-ethinyl estradiol. The degradation efficiency was 74% in 2 h. The identification of by-products by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of carboxylic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that in order to obtain crystalline sugar of a high quality category (Extra and TS1), it is necessary to ensure the production of concentrated sugar-containing intermediates with the lowest possible color, since it is these intermediates that directly determine the color of the resulting crystalline sugar. Laboratory studies have been carried out on the effect of sulfitation treatment using various reagents, namely, sulfurous anhydride and sodium bisulfite, of concentrated intermediates – thick juice and remelt syrup B+C of sugar production on the quality of beet sugar. It has been established that the sulfitation treatment of concentrated intermediates using sulfur dioxide provides a greater reduction in their color compared to sodium bisulfite – from 996,70 to 830,30 and 857,30 ICUMSA units respectively. It has been established that sulfitation treatment with using various reagents of concentrated intermediates provides a decrease in the color of sugar. So, according to the color index, sugar obtained in laboratory conditions from samples obtained using sulfitation treatment, according to the requirements of GOST 33222-2015, corresponds to category TS1, and obtained from an untreated sample, to category TS2. Thus, in a critical situation, sulfitation treatment can provide sugar with a higher quality category. It has been established that during long-term storage (up to 100 days) of concentrated sugar-containing intermediates, their color increases, however, preliminary sulfitation treatment using sulfur dioxide provides the smallest increase in color during storage, compared with treatment with sodium bisulfite. The increase in color after 100 days of storage relative to the initial values was 18,46 and 36,26%, respectively.

Objective The performances of fluorinated surfactants by introducing fluorinated segments into sutfactants were studied. Methods Maleic anhydride, dodecyl primary amine, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), perfluorobutyl ethanol and sodium bisulfite were used to synthesize wetting and emulsifying fluorinated surfactants( EFS). The structure of EFS was characterized by FTIR and ' HNMR. The wettability, emulsifying and oil displacement properties of EFS were investigated. Results The EFS can effectively improve the wettability and change the oil-wet glass surface into neutral surface, showing wetting reversal properties. Besides, the emulsification and solubilization performance indicated that 0.2% EFS has good emulsifying properties for crude oil. Moreover, the EFS presented good oil displacement performance, and more than half of crude oil in capillary can be driven out when the concentration of EFS was 0. 2% within 24 hours. Meanwhile, the larger angle between capillary and bottle bottom, the easier the crude oil is driven out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bZIP transcription factors (TFs) govern regulation of development, secondary metabolism, and various stress responses in filamentous fungi. In this work, we carried out genome-wide expression studies employing Illumina RNAseq to understand the roles of the two bZIP transcription factors AtfA and AtfB in Aspergillus nidulans. Comparative analyses of transcriptomes of control, ΔatfA, ΔatfB, and ΔatfAΔatfB mutant strains were performed. Dependence of a gene on AtfA (AtfB) was decided by its differential downregulation both between the reference and ΔatfA (ΔatfB) strains and between the ΔatfB (ΔatfA) and the ΔatfAΔatfB strains in vegetatively grown cells (mycelia) and asexual spores (conidia) of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-treated or untreated cultures. As AtfA is the primary bZIP TF governing stress-response in A. nidulans, the number of differentially expressed genes for ΔatfA was significantly higher than for ΔatfB in both mycelial and conidial samples, and most of the AtfB-dependent genes showed AtfA dependence, too. Moreover, the low number of genes depending on AtfB but not on AtfA can be a consequence of ΔatfA leading to downregulation of atfB expression. Conidial samples showed much higher abundance of atfA and atfB mRNAs and more AtfA- and AtfB-affected genes than mycelial samples. In the presence of MSB, the number of AtfB- (but not of AtfA-) affected genes decreased markedly, which was accompanied with decreased mRNA levels of atfB in MSB-treated mycelial (reference strain) and conidial (ΔatfA mutant) samples. In mycelia, the overlap between the AtfA-dependent genes in MSB-treated and in untreated samples was low, demonstrating that distinct genes can be under AtfA control under different conditions. Carbohydrate metabolism genes were enriched in the set of AtfA-dependent genes. Among them, AtfA-dependence of glycolytic genes in conidial samples was the most notable. Levels of transcripts of certain secondary metabolitic gene clusters, such as the Emericellamide cluster, also showed AtfA-dependent regulation. Genes encoding catalase and histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins showed AtfA-dependence under all experimental conditions. There were 23 AtfB-dependent genes that did not depend on AtfA under any of our experimental conditions. These included a putative α-glucosidase (agdB), a putative α-amylase, calA, which is involved in early conidial germination, and an alternative oxidase. In summary, in A. nidulans there is a complex interaction between the two bZIP transcription factors, where AtfA plays the primary regulatory role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: Matrix Engineering uses the vacuum impregnation technique [IV] to confer added value to porous food structures. Knowledge gap: Is the application of antioxidant solutions effective, using the vacuum impregnation process, to control the browning on fresh hearts of Iraca palm? Purpose: The object of the investigation was to [experimentally] optimize a formulation of antioxidants, with the technique of IV, to improve the color of hearts of Iraca palm (PI) with diameters between 10 - 12 mm and length of 4 cm. Methodology: To evaluate the formulation was used a response surface methodology, with a central compound design, [α=1], considering these independent variables [VI: citric acid [CA] [100-300 mg for each 100 g of PI], ascorbic acid [AA] [12-24 mg for each 100 g of PI), sodium bisulfite [SB] [500-1500 ppm]. The dependent variables valuated were [VD]: volumetric fraction of impregnation and volumetric deformation in the vacuum stage [X1 and g1 respectively], fraction and final volumetric strain [X and g, effective porosity of IV [Ee], and color changes in the longitudinal and radial zones [ΔELongitudinal y ΔERadial respectively] after 3 days of storage under refrigeration. In addition, the formulation contained NaCl [0,6 %] and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [75 mg for each 1000 g PI]. Besides, the IV process was effected under these conditions: PI with diameters between 10 and 12 mm and 4 cm length, vacuum pressure [4,1 kPa], atmospheric pressure [85,3 kPa], time in vacuum [4,5 minutes] and time according to the atmospheric pressure [4,0 minutes]. Results and conclusions: The formulation of the impregnation suspension, used for the optimization, was determined as follows: CA = 165,8 mg for each 100 g of PI, AA = 16,5 mg for each 100 g of PI, and SB = 1500 ppm; The IV parameters were: X1 = 17,1%, g1 = 0,131%, X = 20,0%, g = -0,645% y Ee = 23,6%, and the effect of the impregnation solution allowed the following values: ΔELongitudinal = 4,9 y ΔERadial = 9,1. PI contains a food matrix suitable for the IV process with antioxidant solutions, allowing the control of the enzymatic browning in its structure. Additionally, the VI technique used provides alternatives for the incorporation of active compounds to PI; as flavor and texture improvers, among others, that will contribute to generate a greater value in the food production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(m-phenylenediamine) has a wide range of applications in adsorption due to its high amino content; however, its nanoparticles tend to aggregate in water and are not easily separated from aqueous solutions. In this research, a soft and easily separable adsorbent material was successfully prepared by cross-linking poly(m-phenylenediamine) and chitosan through hydrogen bonding. Experimental results showed that the prepared chitosan and poly(m-phenylenediamine) hybrid membrane (CS/PmPD) could selectively reduce Au(III) from a mixture of multiple metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Au(III)). The maximum treatment capacity of Au(III) reached 410 mg g−1 under optimal adsorption conditions (pH = 3.0 and adsorption time of 120 min). The CS/PmPD membrane can be regnerated after rinsing with sodium bisulfite solution, and its performance remains stable after multiple cycles. In addition, the membrane has achieved satisfactory results in treating the actual CPU gold-containing leachate. Therefore, the CS/PmPD membrane has a promising application in gold recovery from electronic wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The two-stage sulfite steam pre-treatment (TSSP), employing sodium sulfite in the first stage and SO 2 in the second stage, has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the bioconversion efficiency of softwood biomass, yielding a high ethanol titer. Importantly, it was emphasized that in this process, achieving high ethanol production did not necessitate hydrolysate concentration or detoxification. However, challenges emerged due to unique substrates characteristics such as large particle size, a high degree of polymerization, and elevated hemicellulose content, which limited the liquefaction efficiency during high solid loading hydrolysis. To address these limitations as well as further improve liquefaction efficiency and ethanol titer, the acidity of the TSSP was fine-tuned. This involved replacing SO 2 with stronger acid H 2 SO 4 and substituting alkaline sodium sulfite with acidic sodium bisulfite. Results indicated H 2 SO 4 was more efficient than SO 2 in decreasing the second stage pH, leading to a 50 % improvement in overall slurry liquefaction efficiency (reducing liquefaction duration from 48 hours to 24 hours). Furthermore, the use of H 2 SO 4 as an acidic reagent in the TSSP resulted in a slightly higher ethanol titer of 74.6 g/L in the softwood whole slurry. In comparison to alkaline sodium sulfite, employing acidic sodium bisulfite as the sulfonation reagent in first stage of TSSP also helped to adjust the pH, resulting in a slightly higher ethanol titer of 76.6 g/L from the softwood whole slurry hydrolysate, during the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. It was evident that the pH tuning approach successfully reduced the liquefaction time while achieving higher ethanol production efficiency from softwood biomass. [Display omitted] • pH tuning for two-stage sulfite steam pretreatment (TSSP) was carried out. • Sulfuric acid and bisulfite were used to tune the pH for TSSP. • Better substrates size reduction and higher hemicellulose removal were achieved. • Whole slurry liquefaction efficiency was largely improved by pH tuning. • Higher ethanol titer was achieved by pH tuning without substrates detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Inhibitor interaction affects both cathodic and anodic processes (mixed-type), and absorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. • The local reactivity of the studied inhibitor has been evaluated using Fukui indices and natural bond orbitals analysis. • Both the anionic molecule (without sodium) and the sodium salt of the molecule have their reactivity calculated theoretically. • Quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulations are closely match the experimental results. The corrosion inhibition behavior of Menadione Sodium Bisulfite (MSB) in 1.0 M HCl medium was evaluated using weight loss, electrochemical techniques (Tafel polarisation and Electrochemical impedance spectra), surface analysis (SEM and EDX), Density Functional Theory (DFT), Noncovalent interaction- Reduced Density Gradient (NCI-RDG) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation techniques. Weight loss measurement showed that as inhibitor concentration increased, the corrosion rate decreased which means that a protective film formed on the metal surface. At 300 ppm, the inhibitor showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 89.7 %. Tafel polarisation studies indicate that the inhibitor is mixed-type in nature. The inhibitor adsorption on the mild steel is the best fit for the Langmuir isotherm model. As the weak interaction of sodium and oxygen in the inhibitor molecules, the inhibitor exhibits two distinct equilibrium behaviors. (i) inhibitor with sodium (solid-state) and inhibitor without sodium (in liquid-state). These two behaviors were theoretically investigated using DFT and MD simulation studies. The inhibitor and metal interaction is further supported using these theoretical studies. The electron population of the inhibitor was analyzed using molecular electrostatic potential, NCI-RDG, Fukui function, and natural bond orbital analysis. These studies further give an understating of the inhibitor and metal interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur dioxide–sulfites (E 220–228) were re‐evaluated in 2016, resulting in the setting of a temporary ADI of 0.7 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day. Following a European Commission call for data, the present follow‐up opinion assesses data provided by interested business operators (IBOs) and additional evidence identified in the publicly available literature. No new biological or toxicological data addressing the data gaps described in the re‐evaluation were submitted by IBOs. Taking into account data identified from the literature search, the Panel concluded that there was no substantial reduction in the uncertainties previously identified in the re‐evaluation. Therefore, the Panel considered that the available toxicity database was inadequate to derive an ADI and withdrew the current temporary group acceptable daily intake (ADI). A margin of exposure (MOE) approach was considered appropriate to assess the risk for these food additives. A lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose of 38 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day, which is lower than the previous reference point of 70 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day, was estimated based on prolonged visual evoked potential latency. An assessment factor of 80 was applied for the assessment of the MoE. At the estimated dietary exposures, when using a refined exposure scenario (Data set D), MOEs at the maximum of 95th percentile ranges were below 80 for all population groups except for adolescents. The dietary exposures estimated using the maximum permitted levels would result in MOEs below 80 in all population groups at the maximum of the ranges of the mean, and for most of the population groups at both minimum and maximum of the ranges at the 95th percentile. The Panel concluded that this raises a safety concern for both dietary exposure scenarios. The Panel also performed a risk assessment for toxic elements present in sulfur dioxide–sulfites (E 220–228), based on data submitted by IBOs, and concluded that the maximum limits in the EU specifications for arsenic, lead and mercury should be lowered and a maximum limit for cadmium should be introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (OX1-8) was synthesized in one-pot reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-napthoic hydrazide (1) and aromatic aldehydes (2) in ethanol:water system by using sodium bisulfite as a catalyst. Spectral analyses (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and LC-MS / MS) were used to characterize the structures of the newly synthesized compounds and were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic effects by using MTT assay on NCI-H 460 and Hep-G2 cell lines. Some of the tested compounds showed potential cytotoxicity activity against both the cell lines. In silico analyses were carried out using Schrodinger suite Maestro device and were docked in the groove of binding site of (6LRZ). The highest affinity, as well as the binding energy of -5.15 kcal mol-1, is shown by Compound OX6 (3-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]naphthalen-2-ol) in comparison to the other designed derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of new materials for radiation dosimetry is important to improve the present state of the art and to help in cases of accidents for retrospective dosimetry. Sulfites are compounds that contain a sulfur ion, widely used in the food industry. Due to the significant application of these compounds, sulfites are interesting candidates for accidental dosimetry, as fortuitous radiation detectors. The presence of the SO3− anion enables its detection by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The Dose–Response behavior, signal stability and other spectral features were investigated for sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and potassium metabisulfite, all in crystalline forms. The ESR spectrum of salts presented stability and proportional response with dose, presenting potential for dosimetry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactants are one of the versatile products of the chemical industry owing to their inherent nature to lower the surface and interfacial tension and interface layer stabilization but restricted due to non‐degradability issues and hazardous effects. For combating such problems, bio‐based surfactants (Biosurfactants) could be potential alternative. The biosurfactants are an integral part of life as they have been explored in pharmaceutical sectors, therapeutics, health, food products, health and beauty products, and agriculture, creating sustainable economics and promoting sustainable development goals. Therefore, researchers have been interested in producing, optimizing, and utilizing biosurfactants for various applications. In the present work, biosurfactants were prepared from three different feeds, namely Jatropha carcus, Sapium sebiferum, and used cooking oil (UCO) using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) as sulfonating reagent and alumina (Al2O3)as the heterogeneous catalyst to yield 70 %, and comparative assessment was done. The biosurfactant production involved a two‐step process viz. biodiesel production and biosurfactant production thereof. The biodiesel produced in the first step met all the BIS 15607 : 2016 specifications and both products were confirmed through analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further, the produced biosurfactants were employed to reduce the biodiesel‐glycerol layer separation time, and a significant time reduction in the biodiesel‐glycerol separation was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study examined the effect of early life stress (ELS) on the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation, the associations between NR3C1 methylation and behavior problems, and the effect of the program Parents as Teachers (PAT) on NR3C1 methylation. Participants included 132 children, 72 assigned to the PAT intervention group and 60 to the PAT control group. Children were aged 3 years, and were living in psychosocially at-risk families. We assessed NR3C1 methylation of the NGFI-A binding regions of exon 1F via sodium bisulfite sequencing from saliva DNA. Results indicated that (a) children living in families receiving PAT had decreased methylation at one single cytosine–guanine dinucleotides (CpG) site; (b) current maternal depressive symptoms and parental disagreement were predictive of increased methylation of mean NGFI-A and three single CpG sites; and (c) increased methylation of mean NGFI-A and one single CpG site was significantly associated with increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In addition, mean NGFI-A was a mediator of the association between parental disagreement and a child's affective problems. These results suggest that PAT may contribute to preventing NR3C1 methylation in preschool children living in psychosocially at-risk situations, and confirm previous findings on the associations between ELS, NR3C1 methylation, and behavior problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Novel environment‐friendly heat‐storage materials with efficient cooling capacity are in high demand by the food, pharmaceutical, and related industries and supply chains. Better control and prevention of cross‐contamination caused by meltwater from traditional ice have become critical to ensure the safety and quality of food and other commodities. Here is reported a microbial‐resistant, reusable, and compostable novel stationary cooling medium, "Jelly Ice Cubes" (JICs), based on gelatin–menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) hydrogels (Gel/MSB‐JICs) with cooling efficiency comparable with traditional ice. For the first time, the photo‐crosslinking reactions induced by MSB are proposed and validated theoretically and experimentally. Photo‐tuning is used collectively with rapid‐freeze‐slow‐thaw treatment to construct robust hydrogel frameworks against the functional and structural damages caused by the phase transition of water during repeated uses. Exceptionally stable cooling efficiency and robust mechanical strength are observed across ten application cycles, with stable antimicrobial functions against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. At the end of the lifecycle of JICs, they can be composted or used as a soil treatment to promote plant growth. The novel JICs are competent as promising, safer, and more eco‐friendly substitutes for traditional ice and ice packs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) synthesized with acrylamide (AM) and urea as raw materials, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite and 2,2' -azodiisobutylamidine dihydrochloride (V-50) as initiator. The mechanism of water absorption and expansion, temperature and salt tolerance were analyzed by infrared spectrometer, environmental scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that the optimal synthesis conditions of HPAM were as follows: 40% monomer, 3% urea (based on the total mass of monomer, the same below), 0.004% oxidizing agent, ratio of oxidizing agent 1. 4* 1 二 0. 002%, pH = 4, cross-linking agent 二 0. 1%, polymerization temperature 15 弋, degree of hydrolysis DH = 50%; the water absorption rate of HPAM gel is 40. 8 g/g at the salinity of 40 000 mg/L and 25 °C. At 90 °C, the decrease rate of water absorption of HPAM gel is close to 0 (g/g)/d, the gel has good temperature resistance and salt tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder affecting one billion people worldwide, mainly females. It is characterized by attacks of moderate to severe headache pain, with associated symptoms. Receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP1) is part of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) receptor, a pharmacological target for migraine. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, play a role in clinical presentation of various diseases. DNA methylation occurs mostly in the gene promoter and can control gene expression. We investigated the methylation state of the RAMP1 promoter in 104 female blood DNA samples: 54 migraineurs and 50 controls. We treated DNA with sodium bisulfite and performed PCR, Sanger Sequencing, and Epigenetic Sequencing Methylation (ESME) software analysis. We identified 51 CpG dinucleotides, and 5 showed methylation variability. Migraineurs had a higher number of individuals with all five CpG methylated when compared to controls (26% vs. 16%), although non-significant (p = 0.216). We also found that CpG −284 bp, related to the transcription start site (TSS), showed higher methylation levels in cases (p = 0.011). This CpG may potentially play a role in migraine, affecting RAMP1 transcription or receptor malfunctioning and/or altered CGRP binding. We hope to confirm this finding in a larger cohort and establish an epigenetic biomarker to predict female migraine risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Excessive NaHSO 3 induces imbalance of biothiols levels in the NCM460 cells and mice. • NaHSO 3 exerts proinflammatory effects by promoting ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway. • Vitamin B 6 supplementation can improve NaHSO 3 -induced colon injury in the Balb/c mice. Sulfites and other preservatives are considered food additives to prevent pathogen growth in food, and they are generally regarded as safe since the late 1950s. However, the possible effects of sulfites on potential damage to host intestinal tissue remain largely unexplored. Given that endogenous sulfite mainly comes from the metabolism of biothiol, we attempted to clarify the relationship among biothiol levels, gut and food additives sulfite, including sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3), and the possible mechanism of sulfite affecting the intestine. In the present study, the NaHSO 3 treatments markedly increased the homocysteine (Hcy) level but decreased the cysteine (Cys) level by promoting the expression of Hcy synthase and inhibiting the activities of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase in NCM460 cells. The level of methionine (Met) was not significantly changed, but NaHSO 3 promoted ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines by regulating the levels of Hcy and Cys in NCM460 cells. Vitamin B 6 (VB 6) supplementation successfully ameliorated NaHSO 3 -induced damage in NCM460 cells and the colon of Balb/c mice. Altogether, our study provided valuable insights into the safety evaluation of food preservatives. Besides, VB 6 could be used as a promising candidate in novel therapies for sodium bisulfite-induced intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overview: Processed foods make up about 70 percent of the North American diet. Sulfites and other food preservatives are added to these foods largely to limit bacterial contamination. The mouth microbiota and its associated enzymes are the first to encounter food and therefore likely to be the most affected. Methods: Eight saliva samples from ten individuals were exposed to two sulfite preservatives, sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite. One sample set was evaluated for bacteria composition utilizing 16s rRNA sequencing, and the number of viable cells in all sample sets was determined utilizing ATP assays at 10 and 40-minute exposure times. All untreated samples were analyzed for baseline lysozyme activity, and possible correlations between the number of viable cells and lysozyme activity. Results: Sequencing indicated significant increases in alpha diversity with sodium bisulfite exposure and changes in relative abundance of 3 amplicon sequence variants (ASV). Sodium sulfite treated samples showed a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a marginally significant change in alpha diversity, and a significant change in the relative abundance for Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and for 6 ASVs. Beta diversity didn't show separation between groups, however, all but one sample set was observed to be moving in the same direction under sodium sulfite treatment. ATP assays indicated a significant and consistent average decrease in activity ranging from 24–46% at both exposure times with both sulfites. Average initial rates of lysozyme activity between all individuals ranged from +/- 76% compared to individual variations of +/- 10–34%. No consistent, significant correlation was found between ATP and lysozyme activity in any sample sets. Conclusions: Sulfite preservatives, at concentrations regarded as safe by the FDA, alter the relative abundance and richness of the microbiota found in saliva, and decrease the number of viable cells, within 10 minutes of exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethyl acetate potentially contains formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as impurities. Ephedrines (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) react with these aldehydes to give oxazolidines. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of aldehydes in ethyl acetate on the analysis of ephedrines by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ephedrines dissolved in a basic solution were extracted with five lots of ethyl acetate; then, injected into a GC/MS system. Acetaldehyde in ethyl acetate was determined by headspace GC/MS. Acetaldehyde-free ethyl acetate, prepared by washing with sodium bisulfite solution, was also subjected to ephedrine extraction and acetaldehyde determination. Four of the five ethyl acetate lots produced 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyloxazolidines (formaldehyde adducts of ephedrines) and 2,3,4-trimethyl-5-phenyloxazolidines (acetaldehyde adducts of ephedrines). Acetaldehyde was detected in the range of 23–89 μL/L in four lots of ethyl acetate and not detected in one lot, and the detection of acetaldehyde was associated with oxazolidine formation. Washing with sodium bisulfite solution removed ~90% of acetaldehyde and prevented oxazolidine formation. The study indicated that ephedrines reacted with aldehydes in ethyl acetate to produce oxazolidines and washing with sodium bisulfite solution prevented it. It is necessary to exercise caution when using ethyl acetate to extract ephedrines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants have developed or adapted over time efficient defense mechanisms against insect attack. Because the mechanisms often fail to be effective enough, alternatives are needed to help counteract attacks by pests. Sodium menadione bisulfite (MBS), a compound derived from vitamin K3, possesses insecticidal properties. In this work, bioassays were done to verify insecticidal effect of MBS on Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). MBS killed more than 80 and 60% of the insects evaluated, with LC50 of 54.79 and 521.72 ppm, respectively. MBS also deformed B. cockerelli adults hatched from nymphs exposed to concentrations of MBS tested under in vitro conditions. Therefore, menadione can be considered an alternative for integrated management of B. cockerelli and B. tabaci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrations of genomic DNA methylation have been confirmed to be involved in the evolution of human cancer and have thus gained the potential to be depicted as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and prognostic predictions, which implicates an urgent need for detection of total genomic DNA methylation. In this work, we suggested an assay for the quantification of global DNA methylation, utilizing methylation specific antibody (5mC) modified magnetic beads (MBs) for immunorecognition and affinity enrichment. Subsequently, the captured DNA on the surface of MBs interacted with the glucose oxidase-conjugated DNA antibody whose catalytic reaction product was engaged in electrochemical detection of the overall level of DNA methylation on a PB-doped screen-printed electrode. With 15 pg of input DNA, which, to our best knowledge, is the lowest required amount of DNA without sodium bisulfite treatment or amplification, this test strategy was able to perceive as low as 5% methylation level within 70 min including the preparation of anti-5mC-MBs. We believe this detection technique offers a promising option to detect global DNA methylation in both academic and clinical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold has a great economic impact on several important crops. This necrotrophic fungus causes disease symptoms during vegetative growth and also into postharvest stages. The current method to combat this disease is fungicide application, with high economic costs and environmentally unsustainable impacts. Moreover, there is an increasing general public health concern about these strategies of crop protection. We studied the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea by previous root treatment with menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), a known plant defense activator. RESULTS: Root treatment 48 h before inoculation with MSB 0.6 mmol L−1 reduced leaf lesion diameter by 30% and notably cell deaths, compared to control plants 72 h after inoculation. We studied the expression level of several pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes from different defense transduction pathways, and found that MSB primes higher PR1 expression against B. cinerea. However, this stronger induced resistance was impaired in transgenic salicylic acid‐deficient NahG line. Additionally, in the absence of pathogen challenge, MSB increased tomato plant growth by 28% after 10 days. Our data provide evidence that MSB protects tomato plants against B. cinerea by priming defense responses through the salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: This work confirms the efficacy of MSB as plant defense activator against B. cinerea and presents a novel alternative to combat gray mold in important crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A massive quantity of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trunk biomass, containing a significant amount of natural starch, is available in Malaysia as biowaste because of annual replantation. The efficient extraction of this starch (carbohydrate polymer) would be worthwhile concerning the environmental sustainability and economy through conversion to bioresources. This study investigated the effectiveness of the bisulfite steeping method for starch synthesis from oil palm trunk (OPT) biowaste. The central composite design (CCD) of Design-Expert software executed an experimental model design, data analysis, evaluated the impacts of process variables and their interaction through response surface methodology to optimize the bisulfite steeping method for starch synthesis. The developed quadratic models for four factors (strength of sodium bisulfite solution, steeping hour, mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution, and ultrapure water) and one response (%Yield) demonstrated that a significant starch yield (13.54%) is achievable employing 0.74% bisulfite solution, 5.6 steeping hours, for 1.6 and 0.6 mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution and ultrapure water respectively. Experimental outcomes were consistent with the predicted model, which eventually sustains the significance of this method. Malvern Zetasizer test revealed a bimodal granular distribution for starch, with 7.15 µm of hydrodynamic size. Starch morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigation exhibits an A-type model, specifying persistent characteristics, while FTIR confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, and phenolic groups like other cereal starches.Implications: Malaysia is the 2nd largest palm oil exporter in the world. About 110 million tons of palm oil trunk (OPT) biomass is available annually during replanting activities. Modification of bio-wastes into a beneficial form (only 22% presently) like starch extraction would ensure potential reuse as a natural coagulant for wastewater and leachate treatment, food source, adhesives towards boosting the country’s economy by sustainable waste management. The current study achieved better starch yield (13.54%) than previous, from the OPT biomass through the novel bisulfite steeping method. Therefore, this method will ascertain the effective implication of numerous economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)