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This study investigated the effect of oral and topical sodium bicarbonate (SB) on soccer-specific performance during simulated soccer exercise. In a block randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 10 collegiate male soccer players (stature: 181.7 ± 3.2 cm, body mass: 81.7 ± 10.5 kg) performed soccer-specific performance tests (countermovement jumps, Illinois agility, 8 × 25 m repeated sprints) throughout a 90-min soccer-specific aerobic field test (SAFT90) following 0.3 g/kg body mass SB in capsules (SB-ORAL), 0.9036 g/kg body mass PR Lotion (SB-LOTION), or placebo capsules and lotion (PLA). Soccer-specific performance tests were conducted pre-SAFT90, during half-time and post-SAFT90. Blood samples were analyzed for acid–base balance (pH; bicarbonate, HCO 3 − ) and strong ions (sodium, Na+; potassium, K+). Average sprint times were quicker for SB-ORAL than PLA during half-time (3.7%; p =.049; g =.57) and post-SAFT90 (4.9%; p =.041; g =.66). SB-ORAL increased pH and HCO 3 − prewarm-up and during half-time (p <.05), and lowered K+ during half-time (p =.035) compared with PLA. SB-LOTION increased pH (p =.019) and lowered K+ (p =.012) during half-time compared with PLA. SB-LOTION increased Na+ postexercise compared with PLA (p =.008). Repeated sprint times during simulated soccer exercise improved for SB-ORAL, which might have been mechanistically underpinned by elevated blood buffering capacity and greater regulation of strong ion concentration. Consuming SB in capsules is a more effective strategy than topical SB application for improving blood buffering capacity and repeated sprint performance throughout competitive soccer matches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The acute and isolated ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and caffeine (CAF) improves performance and delays fatigue in high-intensity tasks. However, it remains to be elucidated if the coingestion of both dietary supplements stimulates a summative ergogenic effect. This study aimed to examine the effect of the acute coingestion of NaHCO3 and CAF on repeated-sprint performance. Methods: Twenty-five trained participants (age: 23.3 [4.0] y; sex [female/male]: 12/13; body mass: 69.6 [12.5] kg) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA) -controlled, crossover study. Participants were assigned to 4 conditions: (1) NaHCO3 + CAF, (2) NaHCO3, (3) CAF, or (4) PLA. Thus, they ingested 0.3 g/kg of NaHCO3, 3 mg/kg of CAF, or PLA. Then, participants performed 4 Wingate tests (Wt), consisting of a 30-second all-out sprint against an individualized resisted load, interspersed by a 1.5-minute rest period between sprints. Results: Peak (Wpeak) and mean (Wmean) power output revealed a supplement and sprint interaction effect (P =.009 and P =.049, respectively). Compared with PLA, NaHCO3 + CAF and NaHCO3 increased Wpeak performance in Wt 3 (3%, P =.021) and Wt 4 (4.5%, P =.047), while NaHCO3 supplementation increased mean power performance in Wt 3 (4.2%, P =.001). In Wt 1, CAF increased Wpeak (3.2%, P =.054) and reduced time to Wpeak (−8.5%; P =.008). Plasma lactate showed a supplement plus sprint interaction (P <.001) when NaHCO3 was compared with CAF (13%, P =.031) and PLA (23%, P =.021). Conclusion: To summarize, although the isolated ingestion of CAF and NaHCO3 improved repeated-sprint performance, the coingestion of both supplements did not stimulate a synergic ergogenic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel technique for effervescent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction is reported. Rapid and continuous effervescence, driven by hydrogen bubbles, was utilized to transfer the analyte from the aqueous to the organic phase. The reactivity of magnesium metal with water was exploited to generate a stream of hydrogen bubbles. In this method, an aqueous sample solution, contained in a microcentrifuge tube, was treated with 1 mg of magnesium and 100 µl of 1-undecanol. Microextraction was initiated by the addition of 100 µl of 1 M sodium bicarbonate to induce a rapid stream of hydrogen bubbles. The microcentrifuge tube was cooled to allow the solidification of 1-undecanol which was carefully separated and analyzed. Factors potentially affecting extraction efficiency were optimized, including the magnesium mass, concentration of sodium bicarbonate, extraction time, pH, open/closed system, sample volume, temperature, and analyte concentrations. These studies revealed the required speed and minimum concentration of sodium bicarbonate, as well as the possibility of efficient microextraction without sodium bicarbonate but in acidic conditions or at elevated temperatures (45–50 °C). The analytical performance was assessed and demonstrated to be promising. In the case of the model drug quercetin, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.051 µg/ml, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.154 µg/ml, and the extraction efficiency was 100%. The applicability of this method was also evaluated on samples with variable physicochemical properties, demonstrating an automated, fast, and efficient liquid–liquid microextraction protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Impella microaxial ventricular assist devices require a dextrose-based purge solution in combination with heparin or sodium bicarbonate to prevent device dysfunction and stoppage, but the dextrose in these solutions can interfere with positron emission tomography (PET) scans, necessitating an alternative approach. Summary We describe the short-term use in 2 cases of an alternative purge solution for patients with an Impella 5.5 ventricular assist device undergoing PET scans to rule out infection and malignancy. Sodium chloride solutions cannot be used with Impella ventricular assist devices even for short periods of time due to the potential for motor corrosion. We therefore selected a sterile water–based sodium bicarbonate purge solution, incorporating a short dextrose-free period before and during the PET scan. Imaging was successfully performed with this alternative solution, with monitoring of Impella performance levels and purge parameters throughout the procedure indicating no adverse effects on pump function. Conclusion Our sterile water–based bicarbonate purge solution coupled with a short-term restriction of dextrose is a practical option for PET imaging in patients with an Impella ventricular assist device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: del Nido cardioplegia was developed for immature myocardium to prevent myocardial damage by Ca+2 in traditional blood cardioplegia. But due to increased hemodilution and decreased colloid oncotic pressure it may cause myocardial edema and increased cardiac morbidity. Microplegia may have better cardioprotection in comparison to del Nido as there is less hemodilution. Material and methods: 60 patients from the age group of 1 to 14 years were divided into two groups i.e. del Nido based microplegia group and conventional del Nido group for studying two different cardioplegia technique. Data were collected and compared for intraoperative Hb, CPK-MB and Trop-I levels changes and requirement for defibrillation in intraoperative period. Demographic data, CPB time and ACC time were also collected. Results: Marked elevation in CPK-MB and Trop-I levels were seen in both groups. Statistically significant difference was seen in CPK-MB levels after 6 h of surgery where del Nido group has higher value in comparison to microplegia group. No statistical difference was seen in Trop-I levels in both groups. Strength of correlation (r) was also stronger for CPK-MB rise in association with CPB time and ACC time, in del Nido group but not for Trop-I. Significantly higher hemodilution was also seen in del Nido group after delivering cardioplegia. None of the patients required defibrillation in any group. Conclusion: Lesser hemodilution was seen in microplegia group. Significant cardioprotection is associated with use of microplegia solution in pediatric age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to produce COCUCYNNE Fettuccine Pasta and analyze its physicochemical contents, acceptability, and marketability level during the school year of 2023-2024 at Barangay Tumana, Marikina City. Experimental method of research was used, utilizing survey questionnaire as the data gathering instrument which involved 30 pasta lovers, 30 pasta sellers, and 30 pasta makers as respondents. This study also used the 9 - point Hedonic rating scale for the acceptability and 5-point Likert scale for the marketability of the product. The data revealed that Hundredgram of produced COCUCYNNE Fettuccine Pasta with 50% of taro root, turmeric, and lemongrass powder contain 4.07 milligrams of iron, 65.7 grams of total carbohydrates, a pH level of 6.05, and a moisture content of 14.6 grams. In addition, the three groups of respondents. The pasta lovers, pasta sellers, and pasta makers respondents evaluated the acceptability of the produced COCUCYNNE Fettuccine Pasta with 25%, 50%, and 75% proportions in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, and texture as Very Acceptable Level as evidence by grand weighted means of 8.25, 7.81, and 8.30, respectively. Comments and suggestions were given by the three groups of respondents for further improvement of the product which led to no significant difference on their evaluations. The respondents rated the marketability of product in different proportion proportions of taro root, turmeric, and lemongrass powder as Very High Level as manifested by their overall weighted mean of 4.77, 4.67 and 4.88, respectively resulting to were no significant differences in the evaluations of the groups of respondents on the level of marketability of the product. The respondents suggested that adding cornstarch and baking soda will improve the produced COCUCYNNE Fettuccine Pasta to make its texture more elastic when boiled. They also commented that improving its color will make it more palatable by using natural coloring from dried pigmented plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Environmentally sustainable and eco‐friendly natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites have become the materials of interest in replacing synthetic fibers. However, weak interfacial interaction between hydrophilic natural fibers and hydrophobic polymer matrix limits their commercial applicability. Improving the interfacial interaction using environmentally friendly chemical treatments would be beneficial for both industries and the environment. In this study, vinyl ester‐based composites were made by incorporating Phoenix sp. fibers in different content (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) and lengths (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm). To improve the interfacial interactions, the fibers were treated with eco‐friendly sodium bicarbonate solution at different durations (24, 120, and 240 h) prior to reinforcing. The fabricated composites were characterized by mechanical, free vibration, electrical resistance, and water uptake properties. The results reveal that both fiber content and fiber length have a significant effect on the above properties. Specifically, the composites incorporated with 20 wt% of 15 mm length fibers offered better properties. Further, the composites added with 120 h treated fibers have the maximum tensile strength (61.35 MPa) and modulus (4.13 GPa), flexural strength (152.63 MPa) and modulus (10.24 GPa), impact strength (24.67 kJ/m2), and natural frequency (56.72 Hz). This improvement is mainly due to the improved interfacial bonding, which was evidenced in morphological analysis. Based on the findings, the eco‐friendly treated sustainable Phoenix sp. fibers could be used as a promising reinforcement material for fabricating light weight polymer composites for various industrial applications. Various properties of Phoenix sp. fiber/epoxy composites were investigated. Interfacial bonding is enhanced through eco‐friendly chemical treatments. Vibration behavior of composites improved due to high stiffness of treated fibers. Composites with treated fibers have excellent electrical and water resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of the study is to determine the safety and efficacy of using sodium bicarbonate catheter lock solution (SBCLS) as a means of preventing HD catheter loss due to catheter related thrombosis (CRT) and catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). Methods Patients aged > 18 years of age who needed HD treatment through central venous catheters (CVC) were included in the study. Total of 120 patients were given either Sodium bicarbonate or Heparin, post-dialysis in a 1:1 randomisation as a catheter lock solution. Catheter loss due to CRT or CRBSI was evaluated. Methods Patients aged > 18 years of age who needed HD treatment through central venous catheters (CVC) were included in the study. Total of 120 patients were given either Sodium bicarbonate or Heparin, post-dialysis in a 1:1 randomisation as a catheter lock solution. Catheter loss due to CRT or CRBSI was evaluated. Conclusion The incidence of CRBSI in Sodium bicarbonate group was similar to Heparin group, its efficacy in preventing thrombosis is notably lower than that of heparin, making it a less favourable option for catheter maintenance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) patients who are already at a higher risk for thrombotic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alkalization of local anesthetics may have an impact on alleviating the injection pain by buffering these solutions with sodium bicarbonate. The present study aimed to evaluate the pain during local anesthetic buccal infiltration for the maxillary canines after adding sodium bicarbonate 8.4% during local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate 8.4% was used for one site, and an unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for the other site at the same appointment. Two groups of volunteers (15 male and 15 female) participated. Each participant received 0.6 mL of the anesthetic solution. Injection discomfort was assessed using a visual analog scale. Results: 73% and 93% of patients in group 1 experienced pain in sites A and B, respectively, during the injection, whereas 80% and 100% of patients in group 2 experienced pain in sites A and B, respectively, during the injection. Both groups showed a significant difference in pain scores between the two injected sites (P ˂ 0.01). Conclusion: Upper canine infiltration anesthesia with buffered lidocaine and epinephrine with sodium bicarbonate has less pain during injection than when unbuffered lidocaine with epinephrine is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperthermia stimulates ventilation in humans. This hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation may be mediated by the activation of peripheral chemoreceptors implicated in the regulation of respiration in reaction to various chemical stimuli, including reductions in arterial pH. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that during passive heating at rest, the increases in arterial pH achieved with sodium bicarbonate ingestion, which could attenuate peripheral chemoreceptor activity, mitigate hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation. We also assessed the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on cerebral blood flow responses, which are associated with hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation. Twelve healthy men ingested sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body weight) or sodium chloride (0.208 g/kg). One hundred minutes after the ingestion, the participants were passively heated using hot-water immersion (42°C) combined with a water-perfused suit. Increases in esophageal temperature (an index of core temperature) and minute ventilation (V̇E) during the heating were similar in the two trials. Moreover, when V̇E is expressed as a function of esophageal temperature, there were no between-trial differences in the core temperature threshold for hyperventilation (38.0 ± 0.3 vs. 38.0 ± 0.4°C, P = 0.469) and sensitivity of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation as assessed by the slope of the core temperature-V̇E relation (13.5 ± 14.2 vs. 15.8 ± 15.5 L/min/°C, P = 0.831). Furthermore, middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (an index of cerebral blood flow) decreased similarly with heating duration in both trials. These results suggest that sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not mitigate hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation and the reductions in cerebral blood flow index in resting heated humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Hyperthermia leads to hyperventilation and associated cerebral hypoperfusion, both of which may impair heat tolerance. This hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation may be mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors, which can be activated by reductions in arterial pH. However, our results suggest that sodium bicarbonate ingestion, which can increase arterial pH, is not an effective intervention in alleviating hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation and cerebral hypoperfusion in resting heated humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parenteral artesunate is the first-line therapy for severe malaria. Artesunate, in its current formulation, must be prepared immediately before administration by first dissolving in sodium bicarbonate solution and then diluting in saline. A novel solvent for rapid and stable single step reconstitution of artesunate was recently developed showing improved solubility and stability. This study aimed to compare the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of the currently available and newly developed parenteral formulation of artesunate in healthy Thai volunteers. Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, 4 periods, 4-treatments, 24-sequence, single-dose, cross-over study in 72 male and female healthy Thai volunteers. Frequent pharmacokinetic samples were collected in all volunteers at each dose occasion. Observed concentration–time profiles were analysed with a non-compartmental approach followed by a bioequivalence evaluation. Results: Both intramuscular and intravenous administrations of the new parenteral formulation of artesunate were safe and well-tolerated, with no additional safety signals compared to the currently used formulation. The pharmacokinetic properties of artesunate and its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin, were well-characterized, and showed rapid conversion of artesunate into dihydroartemisinin. Intramuscular administration of the newly formulated artesunate resulted in almost complete bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin. The pharmacokinetic properties were similar between the old and new formulation. Conclusions: The new and more easily prepared formulation of artesunate was safe and well-tolerated, with similar pharmacokinetic properties compared to the currently used formulation. Dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite responsible for the majority of the anti-malarial effect, showed equivalent exposure after both intravenous and intramuscular administration of artesunate, suggesting that both routes of administration should generate comparable therapeutic effects. Trial registration: The study was registered to clinicaltrials.gov (#TCTR20170907002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface roughness is a critical factor in restorative dentistry, as it influences both the esthetic and functional outcomes of dental materials. The choice of abrasive powders used during the air polishing of dental restorations can significantly impact the surface roughness, potentially affecting the longevity and performance of the restoration. This study aimed to compare the effects of three different air-polishing powders—sodium bicarbonate, erythritol, and glycine—on the surface roughness of a 3M Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000) United States composite resin and a Fuji™ IX glass ionomer cement. This study also examined how different application times (5 and 10 s) influenced these outcomes. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted using standardized blocks of 3M Filtek™ Supreme XTE composite resin and Fuji™ IX glass ionomer cement. Each material was treated with sodium bicarbonate, erythritol, and glycine at two different exposure times (5 s and 10 s) using a professional air-polishing device. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured before and after the treatments using a contact profilometer. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test to compare the mean roughness values among the different groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed significant differences in surface roughness between the materials, powders, and application times. The composite resin exhibited lower roughness and variability compared with the Fuji™ IX, indicating a more uniform and predictable surface. Sodium bicarbonate produced the highest roughness values, particularly after 10 s of application, while glycine resulted in the lowest roughness with greater variability. Erythritol produced intermediate roughness with moderate variability. For the Fuji™ IX, sodium bicarbonate caused the greatest variability in roughness, while glycine produced the smoothest surfaces. The ANOVA results confirmed significant differences in mean roughness among the abrasive groups, with Tukey's post hoc test showing that glycine had significantly lower roughness than sodium bicarbonate, and erythritol had higher roughness than glycine but was lower than sodium bicarbonate. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the choice of air-polishing powder and application time significantly affected the surface roughness of both 3M Filtek™ Supreme XTE composite resin and Fuji™ IX glass ionomer cement. Glycine consistently produced the smoothest surfaces, making it a preferable option for clinical scenarios where minimal surface roughness is desired. Sodium bicarbonate, while effective in cleaning, resulted in rougher surfaces, particularly after longer exposure times. These findings suggest that careful selection of polishing powders can enhance the esthetic and functional outcomes of dental restorations, contributing to their longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the backbone of curative therapy for CNS lymphoma. Because of toxicity, MTX is administered in the inpatient setting along with hyperhydration and monitoring until MTX clearance is documented (3-5 days). Frequent hospitalizations result in patient time away from work, home, and exposure to potential iatrogenic/nosocomial complications. Here, we aim to demonstrate feasibility of HD-MTX administration in the outpatient setting with low-dose glucarpidase facilitating clearance. METHODS: This is a prospective nonrandomized study of outpatient HD-MTX followed by glucarpidase 2000u (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03684980). Eligible patients had CNS lymphoma, creatinine <1.3 mg/dL, and previously tolerated HD-MTX. Patients were enrolled between May 2020 December 2021 for one HD-MTX treatment. Patients could re-enroll for subsequent doses of HD-MTX as eligibility and slots permitted. MTX 3.5 g/m2 was administered once over 2 hours, preceded by standard hydration and followed by an additional 2 hours of dextrose 5% in water with NaHCO3 75 mEq at 150 cc/h. Glucarpidase 2000u was administered once in the clinic 24 hours later. The primary end point was MTX level 48 hours after HD-MTX. RESULTS: Twenty doses of outpatient HD-MTX with glucarpidase were administered to seven patients. After 20 of 20 (100%) treatments, serum MTX levels were reduced to <100 nmol/L. Treatments were well-tolerated, and no admissions were required. One patient received additional outpatient hydration for elevated creatinine. Development of antiglucarpidase antibody was rare and did not affect treatment. CONCLUSION: Outpatient HD-MTX with glucarpidase is safe and well-tolerated and has the potential to alter standard treatment for CNS lymphoma. CNS lymphoma patients received glucarpidase to avoid hospitalization for MTX therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the efficacy and onset of local anesthesia using buffered versus non-buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline in dental extraction. Methodology: A prospective, clinical study was carried out in oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Twenty-eight patients were considered in the study and were divided into 4 groups. Each group randomly received either buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline, non-buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline, buffered 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline or non-buffered 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline. The outcome variable was onset of anesthesia and effectiveness of anesthesia in buffered and non-buffered group. Results: Results showed that the mean onset of time and efficacy of local anesthesia was significantly better in buffered when compared with non-buffered local anesthetic solution with adrenaline. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent decreases time of onset and increases the effectiveness of local anesthetics, thus providing comfort to the patient. The mean onset of time for first symptom as well as lip numbness was more for non-buffered lidocaine followed by non-buffered articaine, buffered lidocaine and buffered articaine. The mean onset of time for subjective and objective symptoms was more for non-buffered anesthetic solution as compared to buffered anesthetic solution. VAS readings were not statistically significant among the four groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of ultrasound using papain and sodium bicarbonate (SC) on meat tenderness to achieve the desired texture for elderly individuals. Meats were immersed in distilled water (DW) or papain (PI), ultrasonically treated with papain (UPI), or ultrasonically treated with papain and SC (UPIS). Response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing conditions with the lowest hardness, and the optimal conditions were determined as follows: 400 U/mL papain, ultrasonic for 30 min, and 4% SC. Hardness, color, and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) were investigated. The hardness followed the order of DW (22.50 N), PI (18.62 N), UPI (12.08 N), and UPIS (7.16 N), and UPIS showed the highest MFI. Papain and SC affected the color of the meat. Overall, ultrasound-assisted treatment using papain and SC resulted in hardness levels of less than 7.8 N, which can be easily compressed by low tongue pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: We investigated the efficacy and safety of oral sodium bicarbonate in kidney-transplant recipients and non-transplant patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which are currently unclear. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of sodium bicarbonate versus placebo or standard treatment in kidney-transplant and non-transplant patients with CKD. Results: Sixteen studies of kidney-transplant recipients (two studies, 280 patients) and non-transplant patients with CKD (14 studies, 1,380 patients) were included. With non-transplant patients, sodium bicarbonate slowed kidney-function declines (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.85, p = 0.006) within =12 months (SMD: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.12-1.38], p = 0.02), baseline-serum bicarbonate <22 mmol/L (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI: 0.19-0.64], p = 0.0004) and increased serum-bicarbonate levels (mean difference [MD]: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.40-3.30], p < 0.00001). In kidney-transplant recipients, sodium bicarbonate did not preserve graft function (SMD: -0.07 [95% CI: -0.30-0.16], p = 0.56) but increased blood pH levels (MD: 0.02 [95% CI: 0.00-0.04], p = 0.02). No significant adverse events occurred in the kidney-transplant or non-transplant patients (risk ratio [RR]: 0.89, [95% CI: 0.47-1.67], p = 0.72; and RR 1.30 [95% CI: 0.84-2.00], p = 0.24, respectively). However, oral sodium bicarbonate correlated with increased diastolic pressure and worsened hypertension and edema (MD: 2.21 [95% CI: 0.67-3.75], p = 0.005; RR: 1.44 [95% CI: 1.11-1.88], p = 0.007; and RR: 1.28 [95% CI: 1.00-1.63], p = 0.05, respectively). Discussion: Oral sodium bicarbonate may slow kidney-function decline in nontransplant patients with CKD taking sodium bicarbonate supplementation for =12 months or a baseline serum bicarbonate level of <22 mmol/L, without preserving graft function in kidney-transplant recipients. Sodium bicarbonate may increase diastolic pressure, and elevate a higher incidence of worsening hypertension and edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A differential thermal analysis study was carried out on the formation and decomposition of hydrates in systems containing natural gas, sand, and 5 mass % aqueous NaHCO3 as well as natural gas, sand, and 5 mass % aqueous NaCl with initial gas pressures from 3 to 9 MPa. Equilibrium conditions, enthalpy of dissociation, and the kinetic parameters of hydrate formation were determined. Hydrate formation in the system containing aqueous sodium bicarbonate proceeds at higher temperatures and lower pressures and has higher kinetic parameters than in the system with aqueous sodium chloride of the same concentration. Composition of the solutions is one of the factors affecting hydrate formation in the studied systems. The HCO3– ion is found to have a greater structure-making effect than the Cl– ion, which leads to differences in the thermodynamic conditions and kinetic parameters of natural gas hydrate formation in a porous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign, self-limiting, and nonneoplastic lesion involving the skeletal muscle or soft tissue, rarely occurring in the head and neck. It is relatively rare in clinical practice, and it is difficult to distinguish specific cases from musculoskeletal conditions, which poses unique challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We reported that a 9-year-old boy suffered from local and nontraumatic MO of the trapezius muscle. Given the rarity of this case, the present article detailed the diagnosis and treatment of this rare case and reviewed the relevant literature on MO, focusing on the clinical, pathological, and radiographic characteristics of MO. Notably, these investigations aimed to enhance clinicians' understanding of the disease and improve diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Clinical suspicion, clinical presentation, and electrocardiogram can help clinicians diagnose flecainide toxicity. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of patients with flecainide toxicity. Sodium bicarbonate, lipid emulsion therapy, and extracorporeal life support have been used in this setting. Amiodarone and lidocaine can be used for the management of wide QRS complex tachycardias in hemodynamically stable patients with flecainide toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetics of a combination of rabeprazole sodium and sodium bicarbonate were investigated in dogs by daily oral administration for 13 consecutive weeks with a 4-week recovery period. The dose groups consisted of control (vehicles), (5 + 200), (10 + 400), and (20 + 800) mg/kg of rabeprazole sodium + sodium bicarbonate, 20 mg/kg of rabeprazole sodium only, and 800 mg/kg of sodium bicarbonate only. Esophageal ulceration accompanied by inflammation was observed in only one animal in the male (20 + 800) mg/kg rabeprazole sodium + sodium bicarbonate group. However, the severity of the ulceration was moderate, and the site of occurrence was focally extensive; thus, it was assumed to be a treatment-related effect of rabeprazole sodium + sodium bicarbonate. In the toxicokinetics component of this study, systemic exposure to rabeprazole sodium (AUClast and Cmax at Day 91) was greater in males than females, suggesting sex differences. AUClast and Cmax at Day 91 were increased compared to those on Day 1 in a dose-dependent manner. A delayed Tmax and no drug accumulation were observed after repeated dosage. In conclusion, we suggest under the conditions of this study that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the combination of rabeprazole sodium + sodium bicarbonate in male and female dogs is (10 + 400) and (20 + 800) mg/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a rare systemic disease caused by mutations in the SLC4A4 gene that encodes the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCe1. The major NBCe1 protein variants are designated NBCe1-A, NBCe1-B, and NBCe1-C. NBCe1-A expression is kidney-specific, NBCe1-B is broadly expressed and is the only NBCe1 variant expressed in the heart, and NBCe1-C is a splice variant of NBCe1-B that is expressed in the brain. No cardiac manifestations have been reported from patients with pRTA, but studies in adult rats with virally induced reduction in cardiac NBCe1-B expression indicate that NBCe1-B loss leads to cardiac hypertrophy and prolonged QT intervals in rodents. NBCe1-null mice die shortly after weaning, so the consequence of congenital, global NBCe1 loss on the heart is unknown. To circumvent this issue, we characterized the cardiac function of NBCe1-B/C-null (KOb/c) mice that survive up to 2 months of age and which, due to the uninterrupted expression of NBCe1-A, do not exhibit the confounding acidemia of the globally null mice. In contrast to the viral knockdown model, cardiac hypertrophy was not present in KOb/c mice as assessed by heart-weight-to-body-weight ratios and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. However, echocardiographic analysis revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and intraventricular pressure–volume measurements demonstrated reduced load-independent contractility. We also observed increased QT length variation in KOb/c mice. Finally, using the calcium indicator Fura-2 AM, we observed a significant reduction in the amplitude of Ca2+ transients in paced KOb/c cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that congenital, global absence of NBCe1-B/C leads to impaired cardiac contractility and increased QT length variation in juvenile mice. It remains to be determined whether the cardiac phenotype in KOb/c mice is influenced by the absence of NBCe1-B/C from neuronal and endocrine tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1A (PHA1A) is caused by haploinsufficiency of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Heterozygous small insertions/deletions, transitions, and/or transversions within NR3C2 comprise the majority (85%-90%) of pathogenic copy number variants. Structural chromosomal abnormalities, contiguous gene deletion syndromes, and microdeletions are infrequent. We describe a neonate with PHA1A due to a novel NR3C2 microdeletion involving exons 1-2. Methods Literature review identified 39 individuals with PHA1A due to NR3C2 microdeletions. Transmission modality, variant description(s), testing method(s), exon(s) deleted, and affected functional domain(s) were characterized. Results In total, 40 individuals with NR3C2 microdeletions were described: 19 involved contiguous exons encoding a single MR domain; 21 involved contiguous exons encoding multiple MR domains. Transmission modality frequency was familial (65%), de novo (20%), or unknown (15%). Sequencing (Sanger or short-read next-generation) failed to detect microdeletions in 100% of tested individuals (n = 38). All were detected using deletion/duplication testing modalities. In 2 individuals, only microarray-based testing was performed; microdeletions were detected in both cases. Conclusion Initial testing for PHA1A should rely on sequencing to detect the most common genetic alterations. Deletion/duplication analysis should be performed when initial testing is nondiagnostic. Most NR3C2 microdeletions are parentally transmitted, thus highlighting the importance of familial genetic testing and counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetic solid-phase extraction method with the dispersion of magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (MHCPS) by carbon dioxide is proposed for the extraction and preconcentration of amphenicols (chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol) from honey and milk before their determination by HPLC–MS/MS. Effervescent tablets, consisting of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and MHCPS in the case of honey and sodium bicarbonate and MHCPS in the case of milk, were used. The conditions for obtaining tablets were selected (the amount and ratio of the acid, base, and MHCPS in the composition of a tablet and its mass), ensuring the quantitative release of amphenicols. Procedures for the determination of amphenicols in honey and milk with the dispersion of the sorbent by carbon dioxide and the subsequent determination of the compounds by HPLC–MS/MS are developed. The limits of detection are 0.3–1 and 0.02–0.05 μg/kg for honey and milk, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Complex phosphates (CP) can improve the physicochemical properties and gelation properties of myofibrillar fibrous protein (MP) in mixed meat products, but an excessive intake of phosphates over a long period of time is harmful to health. The present study investigated the effects of partial or complete substitution of CP with sodium bicarbonate (SB) on the physicochemical properties and gel properties of beef‐pork‐chicken mixed myofibrillar protein (BPC‐MP), aiming to evaluate the feasibility of this method in reducing the amount of phosphate in mixed meat products. RESULTS: Under the optimal substitution conditions, the turbidity of BPC‐MP was reduced by 37.8%, the net negative potential was increased by 28.9% and the modulus of elasticity (G') was increased. The tertiary structure indexes of protein (including fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity and active thiol content) were significantly changed, whereas the α‐helix and β‐turn angle contents in the secondary structure of protein were significantly increased. In addition, the water retention ability and strength of gel were also improved, which were increased by 20.7% and 42.6%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the SB substitution group had a more compact and ordered microstructure. CONCLUSION: The results showed that partial substitution of CP with SB reduced the amount of phosphate added to BPC‐MP and had a positive effect on the physicochemical and gel properties of BPC‐MP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Two earthquakes on 6 February 2023 destroyed 10 cities in Türkiye. We report our experience with pediatric victims during these catastrophes, with a focus on crush syndrome related–acute kidney injury (Crush-AKI) and death. Method Web-based software was prepared. Patient demographics, time under rubble (TUR), admission laboratory data, dialysis, and kidney and overall outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 903 injured children (median age 11.62 years) were evaluated. Mean TUR was 13 h (interquartile range 32.5, max 240 h). Thirty-one of 32 patients with a TUR of >120 h survived. The patient who was rescued after 10 days survived. Two-thirds of the patients were given 50 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate in 0.45% sodium chloride solution on admission day. Fifty-eight percent of patients were given intravenous fluid (IVF) at a volume of 2000–3000 mL/m2 body surface area (BSA), 40% at 3000–4000 mL/m2 BSA and only 2% at >4000 mL/m2 BSA. A total of 425 patients had surgeries, and 48 suffered from major bleeding. Amputations were recorded in 96 patients. Eighty-two and 66 patients required ventilator and inotropic support, respectively. Crush-AKI developed in 314 patients (36% of all patients). In all, 189 patients were dialyzed. Age >15 years, creatine phosphokinase (CK) ≥20 950 U/L, TUR ≥10 h and the first-day IVF volume <3000–4000 mL/m2 BSA were associated with Crush-AKI development. Twenty-two deaths were recorded, 20 of 22 occurring in patients with Crush-AKI and within the first 4 days of admission. All patients admitted after 7 days survived. Conclusions These are the most extensive pediatric kidney disaster data obtained after an earthquake. Serum CK level was significantly associated with Crush-AKI at the levels of >20 950 U/L, but not with death. Adolescent age and initial IVF of less than 3000–4000 mL/m2 BSA were also associated with Crush-AKI. Given that mildly injured victims can survive longer periods in the disaster field, we suggest uninterrupted rescue activity for at least 10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmortem human subject (PMHS) studies are essential to brain injury research in motor vehicle safety. However, postmortem deterioration reduces the similarity between postmortem test results and in vivo response in material testing of brain tissue and in biomechanical testing of the whole head. This pilot study explores the effect of potential preservatives on brain tissue breakdown to identify promising preservatives that warrant further investigation. To identify preservatives with potential to slow postmortem degradation, samples from an initial PMHS were refrigerated at 10°C to qualitatively compare tissue breakdown from 58 to 152 h postmortem after storage in candidate solutions. On brain tissue samples from a second PMHS, compressive stiffness was measured on six samples immediately after harvest for comparison to the stiffness of 23 samples that were stored at 10°C in candidate solutions for 24 h after harvest. The candidate solutions were artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) without preservatives; ACSF with a combination of antibiotics and antifungal agents; ACSF with added sodium bicarbonate; and ACSF with both the antibiotic/antifungal combination and sodium bicarbonate. Results were analyzed using multiple linear regression of specimen stiffness on harvest lobe and storage solution to investigate potential differences in tissue stiffness. Qualitative evaluation suggested that samples stored in a solution that contained both the antibiotic/antifungal combination and sodium bicarbonate exhibited less evidence of tissue breakdown than the samples stored without preservatives or with only one of those preservatives. In compression testing, samples tested immediately after harvest were significantly stiffer than samples tested after 24 h of storage at 10°C in ACSF (difference: −0.27 N/mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.50, −0.05) or ACSF with antibiotics/antifungal agents (difference: −0.32 N/mm, 95% CI: −0.59, −0.04), controlling for harvest lobe. In contrast, the stiffness of samples tested after storage in either solution containing sodium bicarbonate was not significantly different from the stiffness of samples tested at harvest. There was no significant overall difference in the mean tissue stiffness between samples from the frontal and parietal lobes, controlling for storage solution. Given the importance of PMHS studies to brain injury research, any strategy that shows promise for helping to maintain in vivo brain material properties has the potential to improve understanding of brain injury mechanisms and tolerance to head injury and warrants further investigation. These pilot study results suggest that sodium bicarbonate has the potential to reduce the deterioration of brain tissue in biomechanical testing. The results motivate further evaluation of sodium bicarbonate as a preservative for biomechanical testing using additional test subjects, more comprehensive material testing, and evaluation under a broader set of test conditions including in whole‐head testing. The effect of antibiotics and antifungal agents on brain tissue stiffness was minimal but may have been limited by the cold storage conditions in this study. Further exploration of the potential for microbial agents to preserve tissue postmortem would benefit from evaluation of the effects of storage temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Conventional injection technique with adrenaline during removal of impacted third molar of mandible had proportionally increased pain during administration with slow onset of action and shorter duration of anesthesia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effective nature of 8.4% and 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride during surgical removal of mandibular impacted third molar. Materials and Method: This prospective crossover study included 50 patients requiring bilateral removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Group I included 50 impacted mandibular third molars that were administered with 8.4% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride and group II included 50 impacted mandibular third molars were administered with 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. The outcome variables were pain on injection, time of onset of anesthesia, and duration of action of anesthesia. The above parameters were recorded by the investigator and statistically analyzed through Chi-square test using SPSS software. Results: Patients in group I had mild pain (1.02) and patients in group II (5.74) had moderate pain with a statistical significance of p< 0.05 for group I respectively. The mean onset of action of anesthesia in group I was 0.08 seconds and 0.59 seconds in group II (p< 0.05). The duration of anesthesia was 342.51 minutes from group I and 122.06 minutes in group II (p< 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: Lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 8.4 % sodium bicarbonate was found to be more effective in reduction of pain during injection, also had a faster onset of action and longer duration of the action of anesthesia when compared to 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroretentive bilayer tablets were designed to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration and to achieve immediate release of lansoprazole and controlled release floating layer of clarithromycin to treat gastric ulcers. Instant release layer has a combination of super disintegrating agents. A combination of effervescent mechanism is used. HPMC K5 was used as swelling polymer and citric acid, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent to reduce the floating lag time. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared with varying proportions of instant layer and sustained release floating approaches. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various tablet and floating parameters. Tablet properties were found to be within the limits according to procedures prescribed in USP. They had a floating lag time around 3-7 seconds and floating time more than 24 hours. The cumulative % drug release in simulated gastric fluids after 10 hours was 70% - 95%. The mechanism of drug release was analyzed by fitting the release data into various kinetic models. It was found that all the formulations best fit the Higuchi's model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to create a reduced‐salt version of Chaozhou beef meatballs (CBMs) by employing ultrasound treatment (0 and 30 min) combined with sodium bicarbonate (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%). The ultrasound‐assisted sodium bicarbonate treatment significantly enhanced pH, salt‐soluble protein solubility (SSP), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and storage modulus (G′) of the CBMs (p < 0.05). Specifically, after treatment, the increase in pH value promoted the solubilization of SSP, with the content increasing from 28.23% to 56.53%. Moreover, the initial relaxation times (T21 and T22) were shortened, indicating a decrease in water mobility, as evidenced by an increase in WHC from 85% to 87%. Furthermore, the ultrasound treatment effectively facilitated protein unfolding, increased β‐sheet secondary structure content, augmented hydrogen and disulfide bond proportions, and resulted in a denser and more uniform gel structure. Consequently, the hardness of the CBMs was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that the treated reduced‐salt CBMs were comparable to those produced by conventional methods. Therefore, combining sodium bicarbonate with ultrasound treatment is a viable approach to mitigate the negative effects of reduced salt content and produce high‐quality reduced‐salt CBMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of supplementing sodium bicarbonate or a commercial blend of buffering agents (BBA) comprising calcareous calcitic, magnesium oxide, calcareous algae, and sodium bicarbonate on the productive, behavioral and metabolic parameters of Holstein cows fed starchy diets. Over a 60-day trial period, thirty-six multiparous cows with an average milk yield of 38.84 ± 9.24 kg/day and 63.74 ± 18.63 days in milk (DIM), were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 18) received a supplementation of 1.1% dry matter (DM) of sodium bicarbonate (Raudi®, Totalmix, Brazil), while the BBA group (n = 18) was administered with 0.5% DM of a blend of buffering agents (Equalizer®, Nutron/Cargill, Brazil). The mean values of ruminal pH (control 6.80 ± 0.06 and BBA 6.77 ± 0.06; P > 0.05) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (control: acetate 62.63 ± 1.29%, propionate 22.99 ± 1.07%, butyrate 14.30 ± 0.52%; BBA: acetate 63.07 ± 1.32%, propionate 23.47 ± 1.10%, butyrate 13.70 ± 0.57%), were similar (P > 0,05) between the two groups. The value of faecal pH was higher (P < 0.05) in the BBA group (6.25 ± 0.02) than the control group (6.12 ± 0.02). Animals treated with BBA exhibited lower (P < 0,05) dry matter intake (DMI) (24.75 ± 0.64 kg/day), higher feed efficiency (FE) (1.64 ± 0.03), and reduced feeding frequency (52.89 ± 3.73 n°/day) than the control group (DMI, 26.75 ± 0.62 kg/day; FE, 1.50 ± 0.03; feeding frequency, 66.07 ± 3.64 n°/day). Milk production remained similar across both groups (control, 39.11 ± 0.92 kg/day and BBA, 39.87 ± 0.92 kg/day; P > 0.05). Notably, the control group displayed a higher (P < 0,05) concentration of milk protein (1.21 ± 0.05 kg/day) than the BBA (1.18 ± 0.05 kg/day) group. The study concluded that both treatments effectively buffered the rumen and mitigated the risk of ruminal acidosis. Moreover, the higher faecal pH in the BBA-treated group suggests potential intestinal action attributable to the synergistic effects of diverse additives with buffering properties. Despite a reduced DMI, BBA-treated animals exhibited improved FE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presented research, oleosomes were obtained from unroasted hazelnuts in an aqueous environment with a pH of 9.5, adjusted using sodium bicarbonate. Model emulsions were then prepared to contain oleosomes in proportions of 15, 25, and 35%. Rheological and viscosity analyses were conducted on these model emulsions, focusing on elastic and viscous modulus values. The results of the analyses, which revealed that an increase in the oleosome content in the model emulsions correlated with a concurrent increase in emulsion viscosity as well as in the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli, demonstrate the significant impact of oleosome concentration on the rheological properties of the emulsions. All samples exhibited a G′ > G″ relationship, indicating their semi-solid nature. Moreover, an increase in the oleosome content was found to result in a higher consistency index for the product, while the flow index remained largely unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third-generation snacks were developed from a triad of flours made up of chestnut, spelt, and chickpea flour. Optimal snack formulations and processing parameters have been established to ensure acceptable workability of the raw dough while protecting the bioactive components of the raw materials. The parameters examined were mixing time, speed, and temperature. The properties of the snack were evaluated by analyzing the expansion ratio, hardness, moisture content, and phenolic and volatile compounds. The optimal mixing conditions that ensure maximum expansion were a temperature of 30 °C, a speed of 30 rpm, and a time of 6 min. The results showed that the proper percentage of water and sodium bicarbonate was 35% and 2%, respectively, and that the developed snacks had an alveolar and homogeneous structure. The proposed approach brings several advantages, including the preservation of bioactive compounds during the production process. Furthermore, the mild operating conditions prevented the development of unwanted or unpleasant compounds, as confirmed by the analysis of volatile compounds. Therefore, this study opens new perspectives in the food industry, satisfying the growing demand for functional products and healthy snacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract continue to be a major worldwide cause of human morbidity and mortality. Among various enteric pathogens, Shigella spp. are some of the most common and deadly bacterial pathogens. They are responsible for ~125 million worldwide cases of shigellosis, and ~14,000 deaths annually, the majority in children under the age of 5 and occurring in developing countries. Preventing and treating shigellosis with conventional drugs (e.g., vaccines and antibiotics) has proven to be very difficult. Here, we assessed the safety and tolerability of ShigActive™, a lytic bacteriophage preparation targeting Shigella spp., in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 1 clinical trial. Ten participants randomized 4:1 received ShigActive™ or placebo co-administered with sodium bicarbonate orally three times daily for 7 days. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were observed for 29 days. Fifty percent of the subjects receiving ShigActive™ reported mild GI-related symptoms, while one participant experienced moderate fatigue. No serious or medically attended AEs occurred through day 90. Additionally, no significant differences in GI-associated inflammatory mediators or fecal microbiome changes were observed between placebo- and ShigActive™-treated subjects, or from a participants' baseline value. The results of this first-in-human (FIH) randomized, controlled Phase 1 trial of ShigActive™ demonstrate that it is safe and well tolerated when orally administered with no significant differences compared to placebo controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental context: This manuscript focuses on the introduction of the conventional and modified Solvay processes. The Solvay process is used to produce sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, while also providing brine management and CO2 capture. Optimal values must be used for reactant contents, temperature, salinity of the brine and stirring rate to enhance efficiency. The Solvay process is used to produce sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Simultaneous brine management and CO2 capture occur by the Solvay process. In this review, the Solvay process based on different solutions (i.e. NH3, KOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2 and alcohol amines) is reviewed. The most efficient processes considering CO2 uptake and Na+/Cl− removal are introduced. The Solvay process benefits from increasing NH3 content, salinity, stirring rate, decreasing temperature and using inert mixing particles in the reactor. Adding NH4HCO3, extra KOH in subsequent stages and brine pretreatment are recommended. The results show that a Ca(OH)2-based Solvay process, an NH3-based process running in contactor and reactor, and a 2-amino-2-methylpropanol-based Solvay process obtain the highest CO2 capture efficiencies of 99, 98 and 80% respectively. Environmental context. This manuscript focuses on the introduction of the conventional and modified Solvay processes. The Solvay process is used to produce sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, while also providing brine management and CO2 capture. Optimal values must be used for reactant contents, temperature, salinity of the brine and stirring rate to enhance efficiency. (Image of the schematic diagram reproduced from with permission.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency and improve the quality of frozen prepared Monopterus albus, the effect of variable temperature liquid nitrogen quick-freezing combined with composite cryoprotectant treatment on the quality of prepared M. albus was investigated. Deep-fried cured M. albus was treated with a novel composite cryoprotectant consisting of 4% xylooligosaccharides, 4% sorbitol and 0.3% sodium bicarbonate before precooling followed by liquid nitrogen freezing at variable temperatures (from -80 to -50 ℃). Internal temperature, moisture content, thawing loss, centrifugal loss, moisture state, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) value, acid value (AV), fluorescent compound content, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content were measured, and ice crystal morphology and microstructure were observed. The results indicated significantly lower thawing loss (3.80%), centrifugal loss (11.6%) and free water percentage (24.4%) under variable temperature liquid nitrogen quick-freezing compared with freezer freezing (P 0.05). These findings suggested that pre-cooling followed by variable temperature liquid nitrogen quick-freezing combined with the novel composite cryoprotectant could enhance the quality of prepared M. albus during frozen storage, which will offer theoretical support for the development of highly efficient freezing and preservation technology for prepared M. albus products.

Abstract This study aimed to create a reduced‐salt version of Chaozhou beef meatballs (CBMs) by employing ultrasound treatment (0 and 30 min) combined with sodium bicarbonate (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%). The ultrasound‐assisted sodium bicarbonate treatment significantly enhanced pH, salt‐soluble protein solubility (SSP), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and storage modulus (G′) of the CBMs (p

Alkalization has been used in aquaculture to improve water quality and increase production. With its intensification, there is a demand for new alkalizing agents or the same agents but with different purities and particle sizes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkalizing on the cultivation of juvenile jundiá Rhamdia quelen in a recirculation system. The juveniles were cultured to four alkalization procedures: water without alkalization, water with sodium silicate, water with sodium bicarbonate, and water with calcium carbonate. At the end of the experiment, the biomass and biomass gain of the fish grown in sodium bicarbonate water were higher than those in the environment without alkalizing. There were no differences in other performance parameters such as weight, total length, head length, weight gain, length gain, survival, Fulton, or specific growth rate. The alkalinization doubled the alkalinity and increased the water pH, with the pH of calcium carbonate having the highest value and higher stability over time. The ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations demonstrated greater nitrification efficiency in waters that received alkalinization, mainly with calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Calcium carbonate water resulted in the highest hardness due to calcium, which provided the lowest phosphate concentration. The results, associated with the ease of obtaining and the price, suggest that sodium silicate has potential to alkalize and should be further studied. Sodium bicarbonate should be utilized as an alkalizing agent in the intensive cultivation of R. quelen juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Uric acid stones are the second most common type of kidney stones worldwide. Despite being cost-effective and widely available, pharmacological management for these stones is less utilized compared to surgical approaches. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the efficacy and shortcomings of oral dissolution therapy for uric acid stones. Methods: Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane library databases were searched for English language studies on adults who were diagnosed with uric acid kidney stones and treated with oral dissolution therapy. Results: Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. Potassium citrate was the primary agent used for dissolution in 10 of the studies and demonstrated a 50% or higher success rate for complete dissolution of uric acid stones. Treatment time for successful dissolution varied, with an average of 3 months minimum and an average of 2.78 years maximum. Overall, 11 of the studies recommended that oral dissolution therapy should be used for either treatment or prevention of uric acid stones. Conclusions: The available evidence demonstrates benefit of oral dissolution therapy for patients with uric acid stones. However, future rigorous studies are required to determine the optimal treatment regimen.

Background: Cassava leaves are one part of the cassava plant, which can be consumed. Cassava leaves used as vegetable ingredients are weak as the presence of toxic cyanogenic glycosides. The pre-processing method of cassava leaves is performed to reduce the cyanide content. The method was modified using Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) substance, capable of binding cyanide acid, with stirring intervention from the stirrer chamber. This method is believed to contribute in lowering Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) levels in a shorter period of time. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using NaHCO3 and a stirring chamber in decreasing the cyanide content of cassava leaves. Methods: A total of 48 samples were examined, all collected in June 2023. The assessment was based on comparing the NaHCO3 mass and the stirring time. The NaHCO3 mass was adjusted to 0, 10, 20, or 30 g with stirring times of 0, 15, 30, or 45 min. Cassava leaves are separated from the stalk and thoroughly washed then sliced 2 mm thick. Identification of cassava leaf HCN levels was measured using a spectrophotometer, wavelength 500 nm. The statistical variance analysis technique (ANOVA) was employed to detect the disparity in cyanide content among the cassava leaves of the various experimental groups. Results: The results indicated the highest cassava leaf HCN levels in the 0 g NaHCO3 group and the length of stirring time was 0 min, which was 217 ppm. The lowest cassava leaf HCN content in the group with the addition of 30 g NaHCO3 treatment with 150 rpm stirring is 56 ppm, with a percentage decrease of 32.5%. Conclusion: The finding of adding NaHCO3 and stirring cassava leaves in water is regarded as an effort to reduce HCN levels to prevent the risk of food poisoning. DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.11.2.15651

Traditionally, biological methods are used to leaven dough semi-finished products in the production of bakery products. However, today consumers are increasingly including yeast-free bakery products in their diet. Given the growing demand for yeastfree bakery products, it is advisable to expand the range of products in this category. To ensure the formation of a developed crumb in yeast-free bakery products, chemical leavening agents are used in their production. Yeast-free bakery products were made using various fermented dairy products: ayran (2,0% fat), kefir (2,5% fat), bifidoyogurt (1,5% fat), and ryazhenka (4,0% fat). To determine the most effective fermented dairy product for the production of high-quality yeast-free bakery products, trial baking was conducted. Experimental dough samples were kneaded using two types of chemical leavening agents - sodium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. The dough was prepared using the straight dough method. The duration of dough resting after kneading was 20-30 minutes. The dough pieces were shaped into "okrayets" (small loaves): the dough was rolled to a thickness of 1,5 cm and the dough pieces were cut out with a cutter, placed on a sheet, and baked in a rack oven at 200-240°C for 16-18 minutes. The research results established that it is advisable to use ryazhenka in the production of yeast-free bakery products using fermented dairy products. At the same time, sodium bicarbonate should be included in the recipe to leaven the crumb. Such a product had the highest comprehensive quality index. Based on organoleptic and microbiological indicators, the product was found to have a shelf life of no more than 48 hours. To improve the taste and aromatic properties of the product, 3% malted barley extract and 4% white crystalline sugar were included in its composition. The developed yeast-free okrayets with ryazhenka was characterized by a higher content of bisulfitebinding substances, indicating an improved aroma of the product and a darker color of the crust and crumb. The developed product meets the body's needs for proteins by 31,5%, fats by 10,5%, carbohydrates by 49,0%, and dietary fiber by 18,3%.

The postharvest rot fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, poses a significant threat to the avocado trade in Ghana as it discounts both the quality and shelf life of freshly harvested avocado fruits. This study evaluated the biological effect of three bioagents, garlic, baking soda, and black pepper, on mitigating posthar-vest rots of avocado fruits caused by L. theobromae. Isolates of L. theobromae obtained from spoiled fruits were identified using morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity procedures. Eight isolates of L. theobromae were similar in morphology and pathogenicity and genetic markers (ITS). The three bioagents, garlic and pepper seed powder, and baking soda, were evaluated in vitro using the food poison technique at two concentrations, 10 g and 20 g per 100 ml of water. Garlic at 20 g/100 ml of water completely inhibited mycelium growth, followed with 10 g/l (7.8%), and baking soda at 20 g/l (32.6%). Further studies of these bioagents on fruit are recommended.

Background: Flecainide is an anti-arrhythmic medication with a narrow therapeutic index and a high mortality rate, when overdosed. Few cases of flecainide toxicity in neonates and children due to medication error have been reported in the literature. A case of an accidental flecainide overdose in a neonate in Oman was presented. Case Presentation: A 19-day-old newborn girl developed persistent supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT) after receiving nebulized albuterol for acute bronchitis. After unsuccessful treatment with adenosine, she was given flecainide 5.6 mg orally every 24 hours for resolution of the SVT. On day four of admission, the child inadvertently received 100 mg of flecainide orally due to a dose calculation error. The child developed wide complex tachyarrhythmia followed by pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Sodium bicarbonate IV bolus followed by an infusion was administered. The patient developed two additional episodes of pulseless VT that coincided temporally with two interruptions of the sodium bicarbonate infusion, and required high dose of inotropic support. The patient developed convulsions but her brain ultrasound was normal. Her condition stabilized on day three after the toxicity occurred. Repeated echo showed a normal EF. The patient was discharged on propranolol and levetiracetam and was doing well on outpatient follow up. Conclusion: Flecainide is a potentially lethal medication in overdose due to its sodium channel blocking properties. Sodium bicarbonate remains an essential component of treatment. [SJEMed 2024; 5(1.000): 049-054]

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Aim Methods Results Conclusion To assess the prevalence and determinants of failure to thrive (FTT) among patients with vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR) and evaluating the effects of supplementation on growth in patients with urinary solute losses.We retrospectively enrolled 1277 patients with VUR (mean age at diagnosis = 6.5 months). Patients with FTT were screened for renal tubular function impairment (TFI). If fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) >2% or blood bicarbonate <20 mmol/L, supplementation was provided.Among 1277 patients, 56 (4.4%) had FTT. Of these, 42 (75%) presented extrarenal causes of FTT, 3 (5.4%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 9 (16.1%) had TFI, and 2 (3.5%) had CKD and TFI. FTT occurred in 8/208 patients (3.8%) with and in 48/1069 patients (4.5%) without (p = 0.68) recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). At multiple logistic regression, birthweight <10th percentile, preterm birth, TFI, identified or suspected syndromes and other diseases were predictors of FTT. Eleven (19.6%) patients with FTT had TFI; five with increased FENa and/or acidosis received supplementation and showed catch‐up growth. The remaining six patients exhibited spontaneous catch‐up growth.FTT was found in <5% of children with VUR. It was not determined by recurrent UTIs and was mainly associated with extrarenal causes. Supplementation with sodium and bicarbonates could be useful in selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]