Search

Social support is a critical determinant of military service members' mental and behavioral health outcomes, but few studies have investigated social support types and sources in the mixed family and military social networks in which service members are embedded. We applied multilevel logistic regression modeling to investigate links between active-duty Army Soldiers' individual demographic and military characteristics, relational characteristics, and social support outcomes, in sample of 241 active-duty U.S. Army personnel. Results showed that participants who rated unit cohesion higher were more likely to report receiving informational, emotional, and mental health help-seeking support. Participants were more likely to receive informational, emotional, and help-seeking support from a romantic partner or deployment buddy than a relative and less likely to receive help-seeking support from males than females. Findings highlight the critical importance of both unit level and external relationships in meeting Soldiers' social support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship usually committed in a domestic setting by one partner against the other. The current study investigates this type of violence as exhibited in cartoon discourse. The study tries to approach image cartoons of the domestic violence type to examine how meaning is made within different modes and which mode is the most dominant. Moreover, it attempts to check who is the most powerful member in the family, who is exercising violence, and on whom. Martin and Rose's (2007) model has been implemented to be used as a tool to examine both the visual and verbal components in each cartoon. The researcher randomly selected six cartoons from several domestic violence types to constitute the sample of the current study. It is found that different kinds of violence, mainly of the social and physical types, have been exercised by the male figure (the patriarch, i.e., the father, or the husband) in the family. Moreover, domestic violence cartoons make their meaning and express their messages through the visual mode more than the verbal one. This, in turn, may be ascribed to the fact that visual modes can provide their own affordances through which they can be interpreted globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares Weber's notion of Verstehende Soziologie with Znaniecki's concepts of humanistic coefficient and cultural sociology. While both authors follow an interpretive perspective and agree that the specific object of sociological inquiry is social action, they diverge in their conceptions of social action and in their definition of sociology and its methods and aims. For, in contrast to Znaniecki, Weber holds that sociology aims not only to understand social action, but also to explain it. Social action, moreover, is differently defined according to whether it is oriented to the conduct of others, as with Weber, or aims to exert influence on others, as with Znaniecki. As for their respective methods of inquiry, Znaniecki proposes to reconstruct the actor's experiences and viewpoints, while Weber advocates the formulation of generic ideal types for the purposes of describing and explaining social and historical courses of events. Finally, the study of the social order belongs to the cultural sciences, according to Znaniecki. For Weber, the social order is sociological, and follows from the prevalence of consensual action in particular communities such as the market or language communities. Otherwise, its prevalence should not be taken for granted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important issues in social networks is the social communities which are formed by interactions between its members. Three types of community including overlapping, non-overlapping, and hidden are detected by different approaches. Regarding the importance of community detection in social networks, this paper provides a systematic mapping of machine learning-based community detection approaches. The study aimed to show the type of communities in social networks along with the algorithms of machine learning that have been used for community detection. After carrying out the steps of mapping and removing useless references, 246 papers were selected to answer the questions of this research. The results of the research indicated that unsupervised machine learning-based algorithms with 41.46% (such as k means) are the most used categories to detect communities in social networks due to their low processing overheads. On the other hand, there has been a significant increase in the use of deep learning since 2020 which has sufficient performance for community detection in large-volume data. With regard to the ability of NMI to measure the correlation or similarity between communities, with 53.25%, it is the most frequently used metric to evaluate the performance of community identifications. Furthermore, considering availability, low in size, and lack of multiple edge and loops, dataset Zachary's Karate Club with 26.42% is the most used dataset for community detection research in social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on sound production behaviours in fish in the wild is quite sparse. In several taxa, associations between different sound types and given behaviours have been reported. In the Holocentridae, past nomenclature of the different sound types (knocks, growls, grunts, staccatos and thumps) has been confusing because it relies on the use of several terms that are not always based on fine descriptions. Our study aims to ascertain whether holocentrids can produce a variety of sounds in the wild and if these sounds are associated with specific behaviours. Additionally, we aim to determine whether sounds produced by hand-held specimens, a common methodology to record sounds in standardised conditions in fishes, could correspond to some sounds produced by free-swimming individuals in natural conditions. Our study shows that all holocentrid species are able to produce sounds in 6 behavioural contexts of both agonistic (conspecific and heterospecific chases, competition) and social signalling types (acceleration, broadcasting, body quivering), in addition to previously described mobbing towards moray eels and symbiotic interactions with cleaner wrasses. In holocentrids, acoustic communication is not only based on single calls but can also involve series of sounds of different types that are arranged randomly. The large amount of combinations within acoustical events for each behaviour, resulting from both the quantity of sounds and their diversity, supports the absence of stereotypy. This suggests that sounds are produced to reinforce visual communication during the day in this family. Our results also suggest that sounds recorded by hand-held fishes are produced naturally in the wild. Our study challenges past nomenclatures and demonstrates sound critical function in augmenting visual communication, advancing our comprehension of acoustic ecology in teleost species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, scholars have constructed various ways to measure Taiwanese public opinion on the nation's future, the independence–unification (Tondu) question. While existing surveys find that Taiwanese people become more likely to support independence, the majority still favors the "status quo" option. Existing measurements have a number of weaknesses. For instance, most do not inform citizens what the "status quo" means, nor do they specify when and how independence and unification will manifest in reality. We propose a new approach to measuring citizens' preferences of the nation's future by specifying five mutually exclusive options on the independence–unification spectrum and field a nationwide survey to illustrate the validity of the new typology. Compared with traditional measurements, our method has more substantial explanatory power for several key political issues in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining disease progression and associated risk and protective factors over time is essential for epidemiology. "Over time" can be understood as discrete events in people's lives that affect their health outcomes, including exposures and behaviors. For social epidemiology, this is of interest because time spent in social situations is required to benefit from those interactions. A wide range of social relationship types has been linked to health outcomes. Social relationships take time to develop and include spending time with others. Spending time with others has been shown to lead people to adopt beliefs, priorities, and behaviors from the group. Therefore time with others influences decisions about how to spend time and, potentially, health trajectory. More research is needed on how time affects the relationships between social influence and health. This commentary explores gaps in the social epidemiology field related to time use and suggests ways to address these gaps through data collection and analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrorist attacks, as a particular type of negative social event, are a potential threat to the establishment of a "Socialist Harmonious Society" advocated by the Chinese government. To shed light on how Chinese journalists construct reports on terrorist attacks and, more broadly, how non-Western countries report on negative social issues, we compared newspaper coverage of one domestic attack with four international incidents. Starting from Bednarek and Caple's framework, we further developed the computer-assisted Discursive News Values Analysis (DNVA) they proposed by adapting individual definitions of news values and dividing them into 15 subcategories to suit the Chinese context, the topic of terrorism, and the automatic processing of large-scale datasets. Based on our understanding, we developed an open-source list of Chinese lexical indicators by Part of Speech tagging, sentiment, collocation, and concordance analysis, with a view to providing resources to support future quantitative DNVA. Following this approach, we found that while market factors enabled Chinese newspapers to cover domestic terrorist attacks, media adopted specific media strategies to meet political needs, which differed from those used to cover international attacks. These different media strategies can be explained by the Chinese developmentalist ideology and harmonious cultural traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the influence of different social media platforms' characteristics for use intensity (i.e., time spent and emotional connectedness), which in turn partially affects the development of consumers' online brand-related activities (COBRAs). Using a U.S.-based sample of 939 adult social media users, we tested three serial mediation models using partial least squares structural equation modeling. We find that different social media characteristics lead to different levels of time spent, emotional connectedness, and, ultimately, COBRAs. We show the superiority of using profile-based (vs. content-based) platforms in fostering COBRAs, despite its negative effect on use intensity. Also, using customized (vs. broadcast) messages boosts users' time spent on social media, thus enhancing emotional connectedness to the platform. Notably, the time spent on a platform significantly affects COBRAs via the mediation effect of emotional connectedness. We contribute by exploring the role of platforms' characteristics in developing COBRAs while unraveling how the two dimensions of use intensity influence brand-related activities on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying the two-step flow theory, this research examines if the level of brand equity impacts consumers' attitudes toward social media influencers and consumers' visit intention, and if influencers' recommendation type plays a moderating role in the process. This research employs a scenario-based experimental design. Study 1 examines the main effect of brand equity on consumers' attitudes toward the influencer and consumers' visit intention. Results demonstrated that high brand equity enhances consumers' positive attitudes toward the influencer and visit intention. Study 2 examines the moderating effect of recommendation type on consumers' attitudes and visit intention. Findings revealed that while explicit recommendations of high-equity brands yield higher visit intention and attitudes towards the influencer, explicit recommendations of low-equity brands backfire, resulting in lower attitudes toward the influencer. Additionally, trust emerges as a significant mediator when recommendations are explicit rather than implicit. When the recommendation is implicit, there is no (indirect) effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between career adaptability and developmental tasks among young adults concerning life orientation. Additionally, it sought to ascertain whether self-regulation functions as a mediator in the relationship between life orientation and career adaptability. The study included a total of 435 young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. The research employed the Polish versions of three questionnaires: the Social Participation Questionnaire, the Self-Regulation Scale, and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-5. The conducted research demonstrated that the assimilation and integrative social participation types predominated, and young adults were more likely to display a transitive life orientation than a moratorium orientation. The results also showed, as expected, a positive relationship between the promotional strategy and all components of the career adaptability. Mediation analysis revealed that the promotion regulatory focus acted as a mediator in the relationship between transitive life orientation and all five categories of career adaptability within the transitive orientation dependence model and, similarly to preventive regulatory focus, between moratorium orientation and the dimensions of concern and control. Preventive regulatory focus turned out to be a mediator between transitive orientation and career adaptability variables only in the case of three out of five variables—concern, control and curiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While sharing positive content about a brand's products can bring huge benefits, when and what motivates consumers to post on social media is still an underexplored area, especially in a conspicuous consumption context. Therefore, this study tries to explain customers' journey when engaging in conspicuous consumption and consumption-sharing behavior on social media by applying fear of missing out (FOMO), self-presentation, and social network types. This research was conducted with 400 respondents in the US, and the data were analyzed using PROCESS models. Results reveal that FOMO positively affects conspicuous consumption and consumption-sharing behavior. Moreover, conspicuous consumption and consumption-sharing behavior differ under the influence of self-presentation desire and the type of social network they have. The study contributes to the current literature by investigating the factors encouraging customers to share their conspicuous consumption on social media. It also offers significant insights and recommendations for marketers to increase brand awareness. Plain language summary: This study delves into why consumers share posts about products they've bought, particularly in cases of conspicuous consumption, where purchases are made to show off wealth or status. The research focused on three key concepts: fear of missing out (FOMO), how we want others to see us (self-presentation), and our social network types. The study involved 400 participants from the US and used advanced analysis methods. The findings showed that FOMO does drive conspicuous consumption and the act of sharing these purchases on social media. Additionally, the desire to present oneself in a certain way and the nature of one's social network also influence these behaviors. But, the effects differ depending on these factors. This research helps us understand what motivates people to show off their purchases on social media, offering valuable insights for marketers looking to boost their brand awareness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the outbreak of COVID-19, people have lacked offline social opportunities and had to focus their energy on online social activities. While some researchers have proposed that both anxiety and depression have increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have provided evidence that people have mitigated negative emotions during the health crisis by using online services. In this manner, the pandemic-induced increase in online activity has significantly boosted global demand for online video services (Over-the-Top, OTT). OTT social viewing refers to the act of interacting with other users while simultaneously watching content through the social viewing service provided by OTT service providers. Drawing on the social compensation hypothesis and social capital theory, we surveyed people who experienced COVID-19-related depression and used Watch party, a key OTT social viewing service in Korea. The study reveals that while social media alone did not directly alleviate COVID-19-related depression, emotional stability was regained through building social connectedness via online activities. Furthermore, the study highlights that in OTT social viewing, the quality of interactions, rather than the quantity, was more crucial for forming social connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified network types based on multiple indicators reflecting the structure, function, and quality of social relationships, and investigated their associations with mental health in two age-groups. Using 620 South Korean middle-aged and older adults, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted for both the total sample and for each age-group separately. LPA derived four network types: diverse-supported, family-focused, friend-focused, and restricted. However, for each age group, the prevalence and composition of the network types differed. While controlling for individuals' demographic information and self-rated health, there were significant differences in terms of mental health among four network types, and an individual's network type membership was found to be significantly associated with their mental health. Although the associations of network types with mental health were overall similar in both groups, the effect sizes of network type impact on mental health were much greater in older adults than they were in middle-aged adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a new approach for residential segregation analysis contributing to the methodological debate relating to the measurement of the phenomenon and its comparability between different urban contexts. The strategy of analysis involves the use of areal interpolation methods to create high-resolution population grids, a compositional data approach, and the implementation of factorial analysis to define a socio-economic class composition index based on categorical data, which is a common data type in social research. The latter, in combination with spatial autocorrelation tools and the adoption of a criterion based on temporal distances to define spatial relations between grid cells, enables the identification and mapping of segregated areas. To test our method, we rely on the latest UK census data (2021) for the metropolitan areas of Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle upon Tyne, employing social groups defined according to the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification provided by the Office for National Statistics as population data. Finally, the validity of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through case studies, and the results are interpreted within the broader theoretical framework on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three studies were conducted to examine the influence of moral identity on sense of humor, employing the benign violation theory (BVT) as a theoretical framework. Study 1 (n = 350), a questionnaire‐based survey, aimed to establish a preliminary exploration of the relationship between moral identity and sense of humor. Studies 2 (n = 172) and 3 (n = 172) jointly examined the impact of activated moral identity on sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) through the recollection and writing task. The results of these studies indicated that the effects of (activated) moral identity on the sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) were moderated by the type of humor and social distance of the target. On the one hand, high levels of (or activated) moral identity can significantly and positively predict sense of humor (humor appreciation, sharing); on the other hand, when there is a moral violation in the humor, and the target involved is at a close social distance, activated moral identity decreases the humor appreciation and humor sharing, where benign judgment plays a mediating role. These findings enrich the understanding of the complex relationship between moral identity and sense of humor, and have significant theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health challenges are encountered by frail older adults as the population ages. The extant literature is scant regarding the correlation between depressive symptoms and social participation among frail older adults. Methods: This study is based on an analysis of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) participants aged 60 and older who are frail. A frailty index (FI) was developed for the purpose of assessing the frailty level of the participants. Additionally, latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to classify the participants' social engagement patterns in 2015 and 2018. The study used ordered logistic regression to examine the relationship between social participation type and depressive symptoms. We also used Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) methods to explore the impact of changes in social activity types on depressive symptoms after three years of follow-up in 2018. In addition, the response surface analysis (RSM) investigation explored the relationship among FI, depression, and social participation. Results: A total of 4,384 participants completed the baseline survey; three years later, 3,483 were included in the follow-up cohort. The baseline survey indicates that female older adults in rural areas who are single, have lower incomes, shorter sleep durations, and lighter weights exhibited more severe depressive symptoms. Social participation patterns were categorized into five subgroups by LCA. The findings indicate that individuals classified as "board game enthusiasts" (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.82) and those as "extensive social interaction" (OR,0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90) have a significantly lower likelihood of developing depressive symptoms compared to the "socially isolated" group. We also discovered that "socially isolated" baseline participants who transitioned to the "helpful individual" group after three years had significantly greater depressed symptoms (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.00-2.44). More social activity types and less FI are linked to lower depression in our study. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize the importance of social participation patterns and the number of social participation types in relation to the severity of depression among frail older adults individuals. This study's findings may provide important insights for addressing depressive symptoms in frail older adults person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe pervasive reach of the Internet has revolutionized information access and transmission, which has contributed to the widespread dissemination of rumors on social media. This study explored the impact of real-world integrated counter-rumor features, specifically community notes (which provide context and additional information from the online community) and related articles (which link to verified news sources that address the rumor), on online users’ intentions to believe and spread rumor tweets on social media. Additionally, we investigated how these features mitigate online users’ intentions to believe and spread different types of rumor messages, including wish and dread rumors. After conducting an experimental study with 201 online users on social media, we found that the presence of integrated counter-rumor features in rumor tweets can reduce online users’ intentions to believe and spread rumors, regardless of the specific feature used. While we observed no significant differences between the effects of community notes and related articles on overall online users’ intentions, a nuanced pattern emerged when we considered wish and dread rumors. Specifically, community notes proved more effective at reducing online users’ intentions to believe and spread wish-related rumors due to the diverse perspectives and opinions within the online community. By contrast, related articles were found to have greater efficacy at mitigating online users’ intentions to believe and spread dread rumors, as they can provide more concrete information to alleviate any associated fear or anxiety. Our findings contribute theoretical and practical insights for effectively countering the spread of rumor tweets on social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how three types of emotions (anger, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy) mediate the relationship between crisis type and corporate social responsibility (CSR) fit and organizational outcomes such as purchase intentions, negative word‐of‐mouth (nwom), organizational reputation, as well as forgiveness. An online 2 (crisis type: product‐harm vs. moral‐harm) x 2 (CSR fit: high fit vs. low fit) between‐subjects design (N = 412) was conducted with the participants recruited via CloudResearch, a crowdsourcing platform. The findings indicate that anger significantly mediates the relationship between crisis type and crisis outcomes, with product‐harm crises increasing anger and leading to more negative outcomes. Conversely, high CSR fit reduces anger and enhances positive organizational outcomes. Affective empathy also mediates these relationships, with product‐harm crises lowering affective empathy and CSR fit improving it, subsequently influencing purchase intentions, reputation, forgiveness, and negative word‐of‐mouth. Cognitive empathy partially mediates these effects, particularly affecting negative word‐of‐mouth, reputation, and forgiveness. These results suggest that managing stakeholder emotions through CSR alignment can effectively mitigate negative impacts during crises. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to suggest visual strategies for social media response in corporate crisis communication. Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Associative Network Theory of Memory (ANT) are applied to investigate the types of visuals (photos) that companies may utilize in Facebook messages. A 3 (message: excuse vs. attack accuser vs. apology) × 4 (photo: no‐image vs. product vs. stereotypical CEO vs. CEO reflecting corporate character) between‐subject design online experiment was conducted in the United States (N = 296). The results confirmed the effect of message strategies on crisis communication outcomes such as perceived responsibility, anger, and reputation. Preliminary interaction effects showed that the stereotypical CEO image (e.g., wearing a suit at a podium in a conference setting) was effective on reputation in two message strategies: an excuse in an accidental cluster crisis and an apology in a preventable cluster crisis. Based on these findings, the current study offers theoretical and practical implications for corporate crisis communication. Details are discussed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 'vestigial social practice' is a norm, convention, or social behavior that persists even when few endorse it or its original justifying rationale. Begby (2021) explores social explanations for the persistence of prejudice, arguing that even if we all privately disavow a stereotype, we might nevertheless continue acting as if it is true because we believe that others expect us to. Meanwhile the persistence of the practice provides something like implicit testimonial evidence for the prejudice that would justify it, making it rational for members of the next generation to acquire the corresponding prejudiced beliefs. This paper distinguishes between three different types of vestigial social practice in terms of the underlying explanatory mechanisms, and argues that the persistence of prejudicial social stereotypes is most tightly linked not to others' beliefs or expectations, but to the ways that material infrastructure constrains options shapes social outcomes. Given that, the persistence of a practice only provides grounds to infer that most people endorse the corresponding prejudiced belief only if we are in a position to dismiss relevant alternative explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foucault's philosophical theories and sociological boundaries are not mutually exclusive, and his idea of "micro-power" breaks through the traditional sociological perspective of power studies to reveal a set of hidden mechanisms of power operation and networks of power relations, as well as an anthropological examination of how to regulate the human physical and mental spheres. In modern society, as sexual minorities, addicts, AIDS patients and criminal ex-convicts are typical marginalized figures under different social types and community governance. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze how individuals become marginalized and excluded in the social order of functioning through the transformative mechanism from punishment to regulation in Foucault's micro-power, and to reveal how abnormal people, behaviors and phenomena are regulated and implicitly dismembered by the rapidly constructed new social order in China's transition period through the documentary the two lives of Li Ermao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pós Ciências Sociais (REPOCS) is the property of Revista Pos Ciencias Sociais (REPOCS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a hybrid undesirable network data envelopment analysis model is developed for assessing the efficiency of social care systems. Studies investigating the performance of social care activities have mostly focused on a single social care type. To date, no study has proposed an integrated framework for assessing social care performance. To address this gap in the literature, the developed model incorporates four divisions for a comprehensive performance measurement: disability care, child and youth care, women care, and elderly care. In the model, the government's expenditure on social care is the initial input, and the efficiency of social care activities in the aforementioned four divisions is evaluated in the second stage. Social care facilities and social care workers serve as the nonradial input and radial input, respectively. Care recipients and those affected by violence serve as the desirable output and undesirable output, respectively, in the second stage. The empirical results have several practical implications for Taiwan's social care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Social support is considered an important factor in prevention of mental illness. However, little is known about the association between ambulance personnel's use of multiple types of social support and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study aims to assess if number of used social support types predicts PTSS for ambulance personnel. Apart fromassessing the main effect of social support utilization, we were interested in investigating if social support utilization moderated the effect of frequency of critical events on PTSS. Materials and methods: A total of 383 ambulance personnel completed a survey consisting of validated questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between frequency of traumatic exposure and utilization of social support and PTSS as outcome variable. Results: Higher number of utilized social support types was associated with higher levels of PTSS (b = 0.15, p <.001). When serving as a moderator of the association between frequency of exposure to critical incidents and PTSS, social support utilization had a significant and positive interaction effect (b = 0.26, p = .049). 307 participants had used 2 or 3 types of informal support during the past year, whereas 81 had used 2 or 3 types of formal support. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between utilization of multiple, concurrent social support types and PTSS. This study suggests that to understand the effects of social support among ambulance personnel, it is necessary to assess the utilization of multiple concurrent support types, contributing factors to social support use, and different patterns of social support utilization that constitutes professional life in ambulance work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last 20 years, Putnam's conceptualisations of bonding and bridging social capital have become a common reference for policies and programmes that seek to promote integration in and through sports. However, few researchers have looked beyond face-to-face interactions to how sports may develop migrants' relations to formal associations, institutions, and agencies in civil society. In this article, we aim to explore how young refugees accumulate diverse forms of social capital through participation in sports clubs and informal sports. Drawing on Lewandowski's conceptualisations of horizontal and vertical social capital, we analyse 10 young refugees' experiences with sports participation in Norway. The results show that informants found it challenging to participate in sports clubs due to conflicting views on how to 'do sports' as well as processes of 'othering'. As a result, their opportunities for accumulating vertical social capital (social connections and resources across vertical power differentials) were limited and only identified for the most highly skilled informants. Consequently, the informants dropped out of sports clubs and instead joined informal sports to experience a sense of community and belonging with peers similar to themselves. By doing so, the informants were able to accumulate horizontal social capital (resources within a specific socioeconomic or cultural stratum) as well as negotiating specific types of vertical social capital. Overall, our findings illustrate some of the challenges and limitations of Norwegian sports policy and clubs in facilitating social capital and, thus, social mobility for young refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis scoping review synthesizes research on the affordances of Online Mental Health Resources (OMHRs) utilizing the PRISMA-ScR framework. Aimed at understanding how different affordances are investigated in research focused on OMHRs, the review searched four databases, identifying 14 relevant studies from an initial pool of 453 records. Results highlight a variety of affordances, such as social sharing, accessibility, anonymity, and personalization, and how they differ across OMHR types like social media, online support groups, and web-based therapies. These findings also identify opportunities and suggestions for future research in the field to better understand the role of specific affordances in enhancing the utility and user experience of OMHRs. Recommendations for areas of future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine research on academic libraries and the social web published from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2023. Design/methodology/approach: The article search and filtering procedures mirrored those of Choi and Harper (2020) and Carlsson (2015), resulting in a total sample size of 93 articles. These articles underwent examination based on the same eight variables (i.e. journal outlet, research theme, publication year, social web type, method, keyword, study participant type and study country) as employed by Choi and Harper (2020) and Carlsson (2015), with the addition of two new variables (i.e. research purpose and the impact of COVID-19). Findings: The research article volume has consistently maintained a stable trend. A notable difference from Choi and Harper (2020) and Carlsson (2015) is the rise of "user perspectives" as the second most prevalent theme. Unlike Choi and Harper (2020), the "survey" method is predominant. Many research purposes, excluding "marketing and promotion," lack attention. Additionally, there's a dearth of studies on the impact of COVID-19. Research limitations/implications: The findings from the study not only offer a snapshot of the current research landscape on academic libraries and their engagement with the social web but also offer insights for future scholarly endeavors. Originality/value: There is a limited effort in exploring the recent literature regarding the role of the social web in academic libraries. This study serves as a valuable guide for contributing to this dynamic research stream and provides various up-to-date implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in legal avenues of gambling in the United States has led to growing concern over gambling-related harms and criminal consequences associated with Gambling Disorder. Data for the current study is drawn from a survey of Gambler's Anonymous members. Prevalence of social, economic, and criminal/legal gambling-related harms is considered. Additional analysis includes whether gambling-related harms differ based on gender. Findings include substantial similarities between men and women concerning the types and prevalence of social, economic, and criminal/legal harms. Results offer increased knowledge to better understand the progression of Gambling Disorder which may help explain and potentially prevent gambling-motivated crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the values of the founders of social business through a case analysis of five social businesses in Hong Kong. The study probes the dynamics of the formation and implementation of values of the founders. Value conflicts or dissonance are unavoidable challenges for social business due to their ethical nature. Value conflicts or dissonance and how they are handled are examined. This study has found that the founders hold values of universal types including social justice, equality, autonomy, empowerment as well as local Chinese values. The issues of founders and their values have received less attention in Hong Kong and elsewhere. This study attempts to fill this gap by shedding light on this unexplored area, which can help provide a fuller picture of the nature of social business in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The purpose of this study is to analyze community participation in Sasak Ende Tourism Village in managing and designing sustainable tourism development strategies based on the results of typological analysis of community participation. Method — This study employs qualitative methods utilizing primary and secondary data sources. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. We interviewed informants from the Central Lombok Tourism Office, the Managing Secretary of Sasak Ende Tourism Village, and Pujut Regency. Furthermore, triangulation analysis techniques were utilized in this study to assess the validity of the data. Result — Based on the analysis, three levels of community participation were identified in Sasak Ende Tourism Village: material incentive participation, interactive participation, and independent mobilization. Community participation activities in Sasak Ende Tourism Village adhere to sociocultural, economic, and environmentally sustainable tourism principles. The strategy employed focuses on developing human resources (HR) and preserving Sasak traditional houses. The analysis results in a sustainable tourism development strategy for Sasak Ende Tourism Village based on the typology of participation and the principles of sustainable tourism. Practical implications — This study suggests that fostering various levels of community participation and aligning tourism development strategies with socio-cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability principles can lead to the preservation of cultural heritage and sustainable growth in destinations like Sasak Ende Tourism Village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objectives were to (1) evaluate cows' preferences for visiting feed bins limited to either same- versus mixed-parity social interactions, depending on their parity; (2) examine the effect of parity and bin social dynamic type on competition behavior and feeding patterns, and (3) investigate cow-level relationships between feed bunk competition behavior, feeding patterns, and feed efficiency. Twenty-eight primiparous and 28 multiparous (2.4 ± 0.6 lactations) lactating Holstein cows (127.8 ± 30.1 and 145.3. ± 10.4 DIM, respectively) were housed in a freestall pen with 28 roughage intake control bins (2:1 stocking density). Each cow was assigned to 2 bins, including 1 shared with 3 other cows of the same parity (SM) and 1 with 3 cows of mixed parities (MX, 50% primiparous and 50% multiparous). Feed bunk competition was recorded via video in the first hour after morning feed delivery for 2 d, and feeding patterns were recorded from 24-h roughage intake control data. Residual feed intake was calculated as the difference between predicted and observed dry matter intake after accounting for known energy sinks. Based on the first visit to the feed bunk after fresh feed delivery, multiparous cows tended to prefer the MX bin compared with the SM one; cows showed no other overall preference for bin type based on number of visits. Over time, multiparous cows remained consistent in their magnitude of preference for visiting each bin type, but involvement in competition was not consistent over time. Primiparous cows tended to be involved in more total competitive contacts and ate faster at the SM bin compared with the MX one. Those primiparous cows who visited the SM bin more often within the first hour after morning feed delivery tended to be less feed efficient. Multiparous cows initiated more successful replacements after a displacement at the MX versus SM bin, with no difference in feeding patterns between bin types. Regardless of parity or bin type, visiting the bunk sooner after feed delivery was correlated with involvement in more competitive interactions and more time eating within the first 30 min. Consuming more feed during a longer first visit to the bunk after fresh feed delivery was correlated with being less feed efficient. Overall, when given the choice of feeding from bins shared with cows of the same or mixed parities at a 2:1 stocking density, primiparous cows showed differences in behavior between those bin types, with implications for feed efficiency; these effects are perhaps an unintended consequence of compensatory strategies to avoid direct competition with multiparous cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation is the property of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the complex psychological and social struggles of characters in Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude, J.M. Synge's The Well of the Saints, and William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying. By applying Jungian, Kristevan, and Williams' cultural and psychoanalytic concepts, the study explores how these characters' inner lives are shaped and constrained by dominant cultural norms, often leading to tragic outcomes. Ultimately, it argues that the characters' attempts to assert their autonomy and challenge societal values result in their psychological and social downfall.

This article offers a cultural cognitive theory of sexual violence: a Zerubavelian reading of its classificatory, attentional, perceptual, semiotic, mnemonic, and temporal dimensions. It maps the asymmetric syntactic contrasts between the cultural trifecta of "Victim‐Survivors," "Victimizers," and the hitherto unnamed, taken‐for‐granted "Unvictims," arguing that those who experience sexual violence are marked in contrast to both those who victimize and those who have never been victimized. Suggesting that one need not be the actor of a marked act to be marked by it, a victimizing person's marked act crystallizes as a marked identity for the person they victimize, a process I call "semiotic ricochet." Extending critiques of the victimhood‐survivorship frame, this article argues that the "rigid‐minded," binary classificatory scheme of "Victim" or "Survivor" reifies, universalizes, derivatizes, and temporally displaces its attributed. It proposes hyphenating, encasing in scare quotes, and capitalizing the identity category of "Victim‐Survivor," as well as referring to individuals as "those who experience sexual violence." Using the Zerubavelian theoretico‐methodological practice of "concept‐driven" sociology, it identifies the "Victim‐Survivor" as merely one specific instantiation of the generic social type the "Damaged Good," alongside other identities derived from marked non‐acts such as placement in foster care or undergoing a mastectomy for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: How to evaluate the social impact of social innovation has emerged as an important question posed by academics, organizations, and policymakers in recent years. One reason for this is the increasing concern with the social impact of different types of organizations and social practices, particularly in response to a recognition of the urgency of developing more inclusive economies and societies. To find an answer to this question, this research seeks to investigate the state-of-the-art in terms of social innovation impact measurement, drawing on both scientific literature and practitioner literature. Originality/value: This research discusses the challenges posed by measuring the impact of social innovation initiatives and how these measurements may change the assessment process. The analysis finds that methodologies for measuring social innovation have mainly been undertaken in Europe, where these initiatives are largely addressed. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopted a qualitative research approach based on the scoping review method. This method is widely used to identify emergent topics in scientific literature, aiming to identify implications for research and decision-making. The research was developed based on different steps to obtain information about the social impact measurement indicators and their overall contribution to the advancement of social innovation. Findings: The results also confirmed the lack of social innovation frameworks, methodologies, and tools capable of measuring the social impact of social innovations. Furthermore, a set of barriers in this field was identified, which can be used to channel better upcoming academic research on developing social impact indicators for social innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Article, we define and interrogate a new typology for patentability rules. In our typology, some rules are predominantly relative inquiries--meaning that they entail the use of discrete comparators--whereas others are predominantly absolute in that they lack this core comparative methodology. Selected patentability rules blend the characteristics of both relative and absolute inquiries in complex ways. We leverage our relative/absolute typology in this Article to make two sets of contributions to the literature. First, we use our typology to craft a new descriptive account of the patentability doctrines. We show that the requirements of novelty and nonobviousness are almost exclusively relative measures of patentability, while the requirements of eligible subject matter and utility are almost exclusively absolute measures of patentability. Other requirements--namely the enablement and written description requirements, both inquiries into the adequacy of the patent disclosure--are blended, with the enablement requirement tipping towards the relative and the written description requirement largely absolute. In light of these observations, we argue that the typology is an attractive pedagogical tool for explaining the patentability rules in a new way in judicial, administrative, academic, and other settings where such explanations are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies has suggested that receiving social support improves the professional identity of health professional students. According to the two-way social support theory, social support includes receiving social support and giving social support. However, the effect of the two-way social support on health professional students' professional identity has not been clarified yet. Methods: To explore the mechanism of how two-way social support affects health professional students' professional identity, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience and cluster sample of 1449 health professional students from two medical schools in western China. Measures included a short version of the two-way social support scale, a health professional students' professional identity questionnaire, an achievement motivation scale, and a meaning in life scale. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS26.0 software and PROCESSv4.0 plug-in. Results: Receiving social support, giving social support, achievement motivation, meaning in life, and professional identity were positively correlated with each other. Receiving and giving social support not only directly predicted health professional students' professional identity, but also indirectly predicted health professional students' professional identity through the mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, and the chain mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, respectively. The effectiveness of predicting health professional students' professional identity varied among different types of two-way social support, which could be depicted as two-way social support > mainly giving social support > mainly receiving social support > low two-way social support. Conclusion: In the medical education, the awareness and ability of health professional students to receive and give social support should be strengthened. More attention should be drawn on the chain mediating effect of achievement motivation and meaning in life between two-way social support and professional identity. The current results shed new light on exploring effective ways of improving health professional students' professional identity, which suggested that more attention should be paid to the positive effects of mainly giving social support and two-way social support rather than only on the effects of receiving social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes form a demographic characterized by an increased susceptibility to psychological distress arising from societal stigmatization and comparative evaluations with others. This study seeks to examine the impact of stigma in predicting psychological distress among type 2 diabetes patients, while also delving into the potential moderating effect of social comparison on this relationship. Employing a purposive sampling approach, data were gathered from a cohort of 100 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, aged between 30 and 55 years. The relevant variables stigma, social comparison, and psychological distress were assessed using the Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DASS-2), Iowa Netherland Comparison Orientation scale (INCOM), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), respectively. Various statistical analyses, including the Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient, Linear Regression, and moderation analysis, were executed. The results unveiled a statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stigma, social comparison, and psychological distress (r = .693-.793, p < .001). Notably, an increased perception of stigma was linked to elevated levels of psychological distress. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the psychological well-being of individuals grappling with type 2 diabetes, elucidating the additional challenges they confront in their daily lives which should be given consideration while developing treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Social support is positively correlated with physical activity (PA), especially amongst girls, but is underexplored in male‐dominated action sports (e.g., mountain biking, skateboarding and surfing). This study explored family level social support needs and experiences of girls and boys in three action sports. Method: Aspiring, current or former Australian adolescent (12–18 years; girls n = 25; boys n = 17) mountain bikers, skateboarders and/or surfers were individually interviewed (telephone/Skype) in 2018/2020. A socio‐ecological framework guided the semi‐structured interview schedule. Audio‐recordings were transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically using a constant comparative approach. Results: Family level social support was highly influential in young people's participation in action sports, with its absence a common reason for no or discontinued engagement amongst girls. Parents and siblings were the main social support providers with extended family (e.g., grandparents, aunts/uncles, cousins) also notable. Participation (current/past/co‐) was the main social support type followed by emotional (e.g., encouragement), instrumental (e.g., transport, equipment/funding) and informational (e.g., coaching) support. Girls were inspired/encouraged by brothers but boys were not inspired/encouraged by sisters; boys and girls co‐participated with both parents but co‐participating and being inspired by fathers was most common, especially amongst girls; fathers were more commonly the main transport provider if they co‐participated with their child; fathers mostly provided initial coaching; only boys were taught equipment maintenance by parents. Conclusions and So What: Sport‐related organisations/groups have numerous opportunities to improve girls' representation in action sports by fostering family level social support through various means. Intervention strategies should be tailored to account for gendered participation differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mere inability, which refers to what persons are naturally unable to do, is traditionally thought to be distinct from unfreedom, which is a social type of constraint. The advent of biomedical enhancement, however, challenges the idea that there is a clear division between mere inability and unfreedom. This is because bioenhancement makes it possible for some people's mere inabilities to become matters of unfreedom. In this paper, I discuss several ways that this might occur: first, bioenhancement can exacerbate social pressures to enhance one's abilities; second, people may face discrimination for not enhancing; third, the new abilities made possible due to bioenhancement may be accompanied by new inabilities for the enhanced and unenhanced; and finally, shifting values around abilities and inabilities due to bioenhancement may reinforce a pre-existing ableism about human abilities. As such, we must give careful consideration to these potential unfreedom-generating outcomes when it comes to our moral evaluations of bioenhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on lay conceptions of happiness is essential to determine what is investigated in happiness studies. Whereas psychological investigation has traditionally emphasized the importance of studying people's everyday conceptions and their relation to cultural and social factors to advance psychological theory, this line of research is still largely overlooked in the field. The Spanish context has also received very limited attention in the area. To fill these gaps, this paper examined 547 lay definitions of happiness in a sample of Spanish participants. The aims of the study were threefold. First, to map and classify the definitions elicited through an open-ended question using a bottom-up approach. Second, to analyze the relationship of happiness definitions with different sociodemographic factors. Third, to explore the relationship between happiness conceptualizations and two different happiness measures. The final classification yielded 39 codes, 15 categories, and 3 overarching types of definitions. Three main findings resulted from the study. First, happiness emerged as a highly heterogeneous concept characterized by diverse social, psychological, and theoretical descriptions. Social types of definitions stood out in the sample. Second, most definitions varied significantly with sociodemographic factors. Third, happiness scores tended to show no significant association with happiness definitions. Implications derived from these results were discussed. Altogether, the paper highlights the value of exploring lay conceptions of happiness to advance toward a more comprehensive and fine-grained understanding of what happiness means for —and, to a certain extent, of how it is experienced by— people of different cultural backgrounds and social settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyses the Living Cultures Indigenous Fellowship, a participatory video (PV) project by the organisation InsightShare. The aims of this study are to determine how the notion of impact evaluation is conceived, what role the participants play in this process, and the initiative's results. The study of the project allows us to identify some elements that provide alternatives to overcome some of the limitations described in relation to PV and impact evaluation. These alternatives include the relationship between InsightShare and the participants by creating a network of Indigenous organisations; participation as the axis of the initiative; and a multidimensional notion of impact. As project results, we identified three ways used to achieve the sustainability of the activities and to increase the autonomy of the Indigenous organisations, which are key aspects for fulfilling the social objectives of this type of initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the social sciences and behavioral literature, social support has been noted as one of the most widely studied contextual factors affecting human attitude and behavior. Researchers have presented different types of social support such as emotional, instrumental, informational, appraisal and companion support, and have examined the differential impact of social support types on patient recovery and other health-related outcomes in the healthcare and nursing literature. However, there is a paucity of scale to measure the social support types in the job search context. Despite the significant impact of social support on job seekers' behavior and careerrelated outcomes, social support has been popularly measured as a holistic construct. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop and validate a social support scale in the job search context. The scale development guidelines prescribed by eminent researchers and experts were followed to derive the multidimensional nature of social support construct amongst active job seekers in India. From this exercise, three social support dimensions, namely, emotional, informational and financial support, emerged in the job search context of India. Scale reliability and validity were established using suitable techniques prescribed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meyer's minority stress model posits that sexual minority communities can act as protective factors for individuals within the sexual minority. Given that existing evidence on this proposition is inconclusive, a social network approach was employed to capture diversity in the social environment of individuals involved in chemsex that might account for variations in social resources and sexual health. This study examined the social networks of men who have sex with men (MSM) involved in sexualised drug use, using data from a cross-sectional online survey. Utilising cluster analysis, four distinct social network types were identified based on network composition: MSM-diverse, partner-focused, family-diverse, and chemsex-restricted. In terms of social resources, the four network types did not exhibit significant differences in social support. However, individuals with a chemsex-restricted social network reported stronger social influence related to chemsex and less social engagement outside of chemsex. Contrary to initial expectations, the four network types did not differ in chemsex-related consequences or sexual satisfaction. MSM engaged in chemsex for over 5 years reported more chemsex-related consequences and lower sexual satisfaction, particularly those with a family-diverse social network. Additionally, indicators of network quality, such as perceived emotional closeness, reciprocity with network members, and overall satisfaction with the network, were more influential in predicting sexual health outcomes than social resources. The findings of the study suggest that the social environment of MSM engaged in chemsex plays a role in shaping their experiences. Insufficient inclusion in a sexual minority community is potentially associated with an elevated risk of poor sexual health. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring interventions to address the diverse needs of individuals exposed to different social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using electroencephalogram (EEG), we tested the hypothesis that the association of a neutral stimulus with the self would elicit ultra-fast neural responses from early top-down feedback modulation to late feedforward periods for cognitive processing, resulting in self-prioritization in information processing. In two experiments, participants first learned three associations between personal labels (self, friend, stranger) and geometric shapes (Experiment 1) and three colors (Experiment 2), and then they judged whether the shape/color–label pairings matched. Stimuli in Experiment 2 were shown in a social communicative setting with two avatars facing each other, one aligned with the participant's view (first-person perspective) and the other with a third-person perspective. The color was present on the t-shirt of one avatar. This setup allowed for an examination of how social contexts (i.e., perspective taking) affect neural connectivity mediating self-related processing. Functional connectivity analyses in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) revealed that self–other discrimination was mediated by two distinct phases of neural couplings between frontal and occipital regions, involving an early phase of top-down feedback modulation from frontal to occipital areas followed by a later phase of feedforward signaling from occipital to frontal regions. Moreover, while social communicative settings influenced the later feedforward connectivity phase, they did not alter the early feedback coupling. The results indicate that regardless of stimulus type and social context, the early phase of neural connectivity represents an enhanced state of awareness towards self-related stimuli, whereas the later phase of neural connectivity may be associated with cognitive processing of socially meaningful stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)