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This article analyses the legacy of Marsha P. Johnson as a heroine through the notion of labour, emphasising how heroine narratives are both a product of labour as well as a form of labour. After offering a short account of Marsha P. Johnson's role in the Stonewall riots and STAR, we explore the development of trans communities' ability to create, sustain and disseminate heroine narratives, emphasising Tourmaline's pivotal archival role in establishing Johnson's legacy. Then, we elucidate the role of heroine narratives in creating and sustaining a collective identity. We argue that community attachment to Marsha P. Johnson reclaims the place of trans communities in LGBTQ+ history but is often done in a manner that obscures the whiteness of mainstream trans advocacy. We suggest that the recent increase in interest towards the life-sustaining labour of STAR House reflects the evolution of trans collective identity in the post-visibility era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These photographs are in conversation with Katherine McKittrick's essay "Plantation Futures." The photographs are a visual essay inspired by the ideas in McKittrick's work and the ways in which the essay provides a conceptual terrain for thinking how the plantation repeats in our present time. In the photographs, I imagine and bring to visual life Black trans people and other Black people as both uncovering what plantation life might have concealed and simultaneously imagining multiple genders into the future. The photographs attempt to picture forms of Black social life often not attended to in normative ideas of the plantation, both past and present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay-review maps the central contours and critiques of what is known in US-based sexuality studies as "the antisocial thesis." This thesis, broadly construed, argues that all social life and sociality—encompassing the good life, happiness, and citizenship—is organized by heterosexuality and reproductive futurism (emblematized by the figure of the child) and constitutively excludes queerness. I argue that two recent books, Samuel Steward and the Pursuit of the Erotic: Sexuality, Literature, Archives (2017) and Prince of Tricksters: The Incredible True Story of Netley Lucas, Gentleman Crook (2016) provide new strategies to pursue or ways forward in relation to the antisocial thesis's account of the social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research of gay and lesbian content in advertising materials remains limited. Because most products are not inherently gay or lesbian in nature, this content analysis examined advertisements for gay- and lesbian-themed films from 1980 to 2013. The analysis explored whether there were variations in the portrayal of gay and lesbian content in advertisements depending on the distribution width and date of release. The study therefore explored whether marketing materials differed when films were advertised to mainstream audiences compared to niche audiences. Findings suggested that films marketed to mainstream audiences had advertisements that less frequently portrayed same-sex intimacy. Findings also showed that portrayals of gays and lesbians have generally not changed over time, suggesting that advertisements differ more based on the market segment being reached than the date an advertisement was made. This study fills a gap in the growing area of literature involving gay and lesbian content in advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on two psychologists Evelyn Hooker and June Hopkins and their views on a homosexual relationship. Particular focus is given to psychological conditions of the homosexuals. Details related to the paper published by Evelyn hooker "The Adjustment of the Male Overt Homosexual" are also presented.

The article discusses the mock debutante pageant called Corny-ation which was held in San Antonio, Texas during the city's annual urban festival at the time of the cold war in an attempt to give public access to queer culture. Topics include the signifiers of homosexuality at the time of the Cold War like drag, camp and cross-dressing, and the social conditions of gay people during the Cold War period.

Reductionist conceptions of gay nightlife and the neighbourhoods they anchor have obscured their diversity amid claims of gentrification or displacement. The divergent trajectories of San Francisco’s three gay bar districts present a natural experiment to specify the relationship between gay placemaking and urban processes. In 1999, each neighbourhood anchored distinct stylistic practices but by 2004, one had collapsed, another became stylistically mixed, while the youngest expanded and became homogenous. In that neighbourhood a particular gay style and mainstream cosmopolitanism converged, spatially institutionalising what queer theorists call ‘the new homonormativity’ comprising sexual discretion, mainstream political assimilation and boutique consumerism. Adherence to this particular gay style conferred spatial capital, allowing cosmopolitans, gay and straight, to literally ‘take place’ anywhere, while nonconformist gays lost their places. Contrary to popular and academic claims, not all gay places are associated with gentrification: homonormativity fostered gentrification from within, nonconformist gay nightlife fell victim to gentrification from without. This study thus contributes to a clearer relationship between gay men and urban revitalisation, nightlife economies, and the valuation of some forms of urban creativity and placemaking over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do overlapping social identities shape Americans’ views toward contemporary social and moral issues? Drawing upon national-level data and employing the theoretical construct of social identity complexity, we examine the link between Christian nationalism–representing a convergence of national and religious identities–and Americans’ views toward same-sex marriage and civil unions. Multivariate analyses reveal that greater adherence to Christian nationalism is strongly and negatively related to support for both same-sex marriage and civil unions, even after controlling for political ideology, religious controls, attribution of homosexuality, and other relevant correlates. We argue that Christian nationalists, who by definition internalize a high degree of overlap between political and religious identities, are more likely to see gays and lesbians as out-groups and same-sex unions as a threat to their sense of self and community. We conclude by discussing the implications of this study for future research on political and religious identities and intolerance toward socially marginalized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how queer white men become both the desiring subjects and desirable objects of the queer male gaze. By analysing the personal experiences of queer Asian men, this paper argues that queer white men claim possession of desire as capital through racialised economies of queer male desire. These economies privilege queer white men by racialising queer Asian men and other non-white queer men, and ascribes them desirability according to the queer white male gaze. By racialising non-white queer men, queer white men's whiteness is unracialised, and so, conceals their possession of desire as a white possession. I argue that it is only by exploring how queer white men claim possession of desire as capital within these racialised economies of queer male desire, that we can consider how they dominate the queer male gaze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the spatial practices of gay populations in Paris, France in terms of their relationship to social exclusion and spatial injustice. It links the development of gay neighborhoods such as Marais (in Paris) to the impact of spatial and social segregational practices on sexual minorities. The author reflects on the emergence of gay culture and what he calls the gentrification of gay neighborhoods in reference to the residential strategies of gay communities.

This paper focuses on a fundamental problem with individualisation theories - the assumption that contemporary personal lives are radically new and different from those in the past. This is a particularly important issue for individualisation theories because they essentially depend on the idea of epochal, even revolutionary, historical change. Empirically, I examine the experience of personal life in Britain in the late 1940s and early 1950s (where a number of excellent sources exist) and compare it with today. Looking first at the personal life of gay and lesbian people, and of heterosexual spouses, I find substantial, but not unambiguous, 'improvement'- in terms of equality, openness and diversity - over the period. But this improvement does not necessarily mean transformation in how people think about their personal lives and how they ought to conduct them. The paper goes on, therefore, to examine 'tradition' and 'individualisation' through the lens of ideas around extra-marital sex and divorce. Rather than some duality between 'traditional' and 'individualising' people in the two periods, I find that how people thought, and the range of their thoughts, about how to conduct personal life seem similar in 1949/50 to the present day - given the debates and issues of the time. In both periods the married, older and more religious were the more 'traditional', and the young and the more professional were more 'progressive'. But the bulk of both samples were 'pragmatists', holding practical views of what was reasonably proper and possible in adapting to, and improvising around, their circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An essay is presented on the celebration of gay love which is called gayla. It says that gayla gives gay couples the chance to write their own vows replacing the unrealistic promises with promises that cannot be broken. It mentions that in the gayla celebration, no vow is spoken and no contract. It also states that the ritual that transforms the gay couple with new responsibilities is the ritual of commitment.

In the twentieth century religion was radically transformed, as the sacred uncoupled from the institutional Churches. This enabled the sacred to be experienced through what were previously 'secular' activities, including sport, rock music, psychoanalysis and sexuality. Individualism and prosperity combined to encourage a focus on personal transformation as the primary religious process. The 1960s also saw calls for self-determination and equality for previously oppressed groups—women, blacks and gays. This paper uses the model of secular ritual and Victor Turner's concept of liminality to investigate the role that the gay bathhouses had in enabling gay men to experience the sacred and to transform themselves. This paper is grounded in empirical research on Sydney's gay bathhouses that sheds light on rites of passage, the role of pleasure and its relationship to religious ecstasy, and the development of a specifically gay askesis (way of becoming). It is also argued that the gay bathhouse is a crucial transformative space for all those men who were its initiates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past half century, many visible gay districts emerged in Western inner cities as sites of gay and lesbian residence, commerce, entertainment, culture and politics. Rather than static enclaves, these visibly gay districts are constantly changing, reflecting improved social attitudes towards homosexuality, increasing diversity of social activities and venues, and financial constraints on residential location in the inner city for many lesbians and gay men. This paper revisits Collins' evolutionary gay district model to examine recent changes around one such inner-city district, Oxford Street in Sydney, Australia. A neoclassical economic perspective, focusing on market forces, consumer preferences and incentives, is used to hypothesise whether these changes are a process of decline, integration or colonisation of gay space. For the Oxford Street district there is growing evidence that various factors have eroded the vibrancy of gay cultural expressions. The paper concludes by discussing the different possible ongoing transformations of inner-city gay districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Johnston and colleagues on reconceptualisation of the sexualised and gendered qualities and experiences of space which goes beyond right-based politics and the maintenance of GLBT binaries and another one by Berg and Kearns on geographies of gays.

Gay life on the Internet has rapidly expanded over the past decade, leaving some to lament the demise of established forms of gay social life. The Internet as a forum for dating and arranging casual sex has been a particular growth practice in Australian gay life. In this essay, the author reflects on his own experiences of Internet dating in the late 1990s in Sydney, and ponders why he is reluctant to re-enter the world of gay Internet dating. The author draws on social theories of liquid modernity to discuss his ambivalence with Internet dating and online assignations, whilst acknowledging the productive possibilities of virtuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of socialization theory in social workers' considerations of child development. The author analyses assessments of lesbians and gay men who applied to foster or adopt children, in order to demonstrate social workers' reliance upon 'gender role models'. Drawing upon feminist work, the article goes on to critique socialization theory, before outlining versions of 'gender' found in discourse theory and ethnomethodology. Using these methodologies, the author proposes that gender role theory does not describe a child development 'need', but rather constructs a particular account that is limited and conservative. The article considers the implications of this reliance upon socialization theory for lesbian and gay foster care and adoption, and instead proposes that social work should develop less restrictive accounts of gender and sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the politics of knowledge production in the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) activism. It situates the development of LGBT activist research capacity within a broader shift towards evidence-based policy-making. The paper presents case studies of LGBT organizing from the US and Canada to demonstrate how LGBT activists utilize established social science methodologies such as statistics to claim legitimacy and render queer worlds visible in the policy process. The paper argues that this development in LGBT advocacy is marked by struggles over the kinds of queer realities that may be enacted through social scientific inquiry. The paper also explores the deployment of auditing and benchmarking in LGBT activist knowledge production. It demonstrates the way in which LGBT activists are using these privileged modes of knowledge production to produce truths regarding the nature, extent and effect of homophobia and heterosexism. The relationship between such calculative technologies and the emergence of LGBT active citizenship practices is considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the decidedly mixed political implications of the increasing reliance on social science and calculative practices in queer activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships between sexual orientation and a wide range of substance use and problem variables were examined based on data from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey. Lesbians, bisexuals, and heterosexually identified women who report same-sex partners were compared to exclusively heterosexual women in relation to alcohol consumption, use of tobacco and other drugs, bar-going, alcohol-related problems, and past substance abuse treatment. Substance use patterns were complex and varied between sexual orientation groups. These differences underscore the importance of developing lesbian- and bisexual-sensitive prevention and treatment services and of including measures of sexual orientation identity and behavior in population-based surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to conduct an exploratory research investigation examining the phenomenon of barebacking among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) on the Internet. The researchers selected a case sample of 100 MSM advertisers on an Internet bareback sex site to assess HIV transmission risk as related to HIV serostatus, partner selection, and sexual risk-taking. The data suggest that while intentionally seeking to transmit or contract HIV was extremely rare, a small proportion of advertisers appeared to be relatively indifferent to HIV transmission. However, the great majority of advertisers for bareback sex appeared to practice "sero-sorting" or seroconcordant behavior by HIV status with potential sexual partners as a strategy to minimize HIV transmission risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some have raised concern that male sex workers (MSWs) serve as "vectors of transmission" of HIV into the heterosexual community. Research on MSWs, however, has found that these men report unsafe sex more often with casual partners than with clients. In the mid-1990s, two new phenomena emerged: the Internet, providing a new way for MSWs to meet clients, and barebacking or intentional anal sex without condoms. Using qualitative and quantitative methods in an effort to understand the impact of these phenomena, this study sought to explore intentions for unsafe sex among MSWs who reach clients through the Internet. Findings suggest that most MSWs do not intentionally seek out sex without condoms or engage in barebacking. This does not denote the complete absence of sexual risk behaviors, particularly with casual partners as found in previous research. Interview data suggest that these men may be employing harm reduction strategies such as partner characteristics and sex role positioning in their decision making processes. These findings can be helpful to service providers who currently or plan to provide intervention services to members of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a variety of interpersonal, intrapsychic, and communal dynamics that have an impact on gay men's safer sex practices. Therapists working with gay men who have condomless sex can have a greater influence in helping them to facilitate change and to understand the meaning of their behavior. This can be done through a non-judgmental and harm reduction approach which eschews holding preconceived ideas about how gay men should conduct their sexual lives. Depression, loneliness, intimacy, HIV status, substance abuse, and love may influence gay men's choices about sex. Using clinical case examples, therapeutic strategies for working with individual gay men and couples are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barebacking (intentional unprotected anal sex) represents a significant threat to the health of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), which is not well defined and understood. Despite a relative lack of research on this issue, most MSM have heard of barebacking, and a substantial minority has had bareback sex. Individual reasons and six community-level influences that may have contributed to the emergence of barebacking are reviewed: (1) improvements in HIV treatment, (2) more complex sexual decision-making, (3) the Internet, (4) substance use, (5) safer sex fatigue, and (6) changes in HIV prevention programs. The implications of barebacking for HIV prevention are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines conceptual understandings, definitions, and practices of barebacking in a sample of 227 gay and bisexual men recruited from four gay venues in the New York Metropolitan area. Findings demonstrated that 21% of the participants identified as HIV-negative (HIV-) and 61.7 % as HIV-positive (HIV+). While 90% of the sample was familiar with the term "barebacking," differences were noted in conceptual understandings and practices of barebacking between HIV+ and HIV- men. In particular, the findings suggest that these men were more likely to socialize and have sex with seroconcordant partners and that these patterns of socialization may shape attitudes and practices about barebacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current epidemiological trends demonstrate that Black and Latino men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) have increasingly disproportionate rates of HIV. The emergence of barebacking (intentional unprotected anal intercourse) and club drug use (cocaine, methamphetamine, GHB, ecstasy, ketamine) have posed a significant public health threat for MSM. This formative, behavioral multi-method investigation aims to examine barebacking, club drug use, and meanings of sex in Black and Latino gay and bisexual (BLGB) men. The data are drawn from the baseline assessment of a larger-scale longitudinal investigation (N=450) of club drug use in gay and bisexual men from the New York Metropolitan area recruited from mainstream gay venues, AIDS service organizations, and public/commercial sex environments. Findings demonstrated that Black and Latino men were more likely to report an HIV-positive serostatus and identify as bisexual. Significant racial/ethnic differences were demonstrated in the use of club drugs. HIV-positive men reported significantly more frequent barebacking with HIV-positive partners. Latino men of HIV unknown status perceived greater benefits of barebacking. The qualitative data suggested specific cultural and phenomenological meanings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the practice of barebacking in the gay community and the implication for the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States. The selection of partners based on seroconcordance has become a means of avoiding unsafe sex practices among gay and bisexual men. Brief statistics on the rate of HIV diagnoses and the incidence of sexually transmitted disease are given. The practice of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) has public health consequences for HIV-negative men, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men would be at risk for "superinfection." Related topics in this issue of "Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy" are the Internet, sex workers, and men who have sex with men.

At the heart of health promotion is an unproblematized assumption about a universal fear of dying. Advocates of health promotion try to tap into this fear and use it as a motivating factor to reduce risky practices. When death avoidance is not apparent--or resisted on the part of the subject--this is taken as evidence of the subject¿s irrationality or moral depravity. In this article, I draw on ethnographic research conducted on `circuit parties¿--large, all-night dance parties attended primarily by gay men--to argue that this assumption is neither analytically nor practically productive. I use the bodily pleasures associated with circuit parties to develop an alternative means of thinking about risky practices. Using the work of Axel Honneth to frame the circuit experience, it becomes possible to think about risky practice as a corporally embodied desire for social recognition rather than an expression of the mad immoral subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bases for individual acceptance and cultural integration of gays and lesbians were investigated by assessing qualities of personality among four participant groups: Heterosexual females, heterosexual males, homosexual females, and homosexual males. Personality was operationally defined as personal qualities and characteristics associated with interpersonal behavior. The assessment instrument was a widely used psychological inventory that was developed for use with typically functioning persons. No significant differences on five of the seven qualities of personality revealed greater similarity than difference among the four participant groups. Significant gender differences were revealed on the personal quality, independence, with women scoring higher than men. Also, significant differences on the personal quality, empathy, were revealed for sexual orientation, with homosexuals scoring higher than heterosexuals. Implications of the findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men were assessed in a national representative sample of 2,006 self-identified heterosexual women and men living in Germany. Replicating previous findings, younger people held more favorable attitudes than older people; women held more favorable attitudes than men; and men held more favorable attitudes toward female than male homosexuality, whereas women did not differentiate. However, women held more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals than toward bisexuals, whereas men did not differentiate. Knowing a homosexual person was an important predictor of attitudes, as was political party preference. Both same-sex and opposite-sex sexual attraction were substantially related with attitudes. Our findings support the notion that attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men are related but distinct constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the personal narratives of four gay men coming of age during the 1970s, this paper questions the relevance of the modernist ‘coming-out’ story in Ireland. This story, so prevalent in British and North American studies documenting the history of the gay and lesbian movement there has remained largely untold in Ireland. This paper reveals a uniquely Irish ‘coming-out’ experience shaped by tire schools, families and communities in which tire men lived and whose stories cannot be adequately explained within a modernisation perspective so frequently used to explain social change in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of a post-apartheid dispensation triggered the large-scale expansion of the South African tourism system and promoted greater confidence in gay leisure space development. The general popularity of Cape Town as a tourist destination has also been echoed in the gay male tourism market, this city emerging as Africa's gay tourist capital. Writing from an unfamiliar setting regarding gay tourism research, the exploratory research reported in this paper provides a brief overview of the impact of overlapping tourism and leisure space development on Cape Town's emerging gay enclave — De Waterkant. The investigation suggests that the new urban space that has subsequently emerged excludes significant sectors of the Cape Town gay community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared attitudes towards homosexuality of 164 students from two faculties at a rural Australian university. Eighty-two percent of participants were aged from 18-24 years, 65% percent of the sample were female with 58% of participants enrolled in a humanities course and 42% in a business course. A cross-sectional design using the Heterosexual Attitudes to Homosexuals (H.A.T.H.) and Fear of HIV/AIDS questionnaires found that for the total sample the major predictors of homophobia were fear of HIV/AIDS, gender, religiosity, and academic major. Business majors were significantly more homophobic than humanities majors. The findings imply that homophobia may be prevalent among university faculties and that staff and student programs need to be implemented to address homophobia, especially among business majors and lecturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the interaction of gay and lesbian communities during the 2000 World Pride event in Rome, Italy. Background on World Pride; Historical background of gay and lesbian travelers in Italy; Steps taken to promote the event globally.

Analyzes the gerbil legend among homosexuals in the United States. Nature of gerbils; Gerbil's entrance in the rectum; Linking of the legend with Hollywood celebrities; Jokes about gerbil; Legends about sex escapades of Hollywood actors; Anti-homosexual overtones of the legends; Gerbil legend as an expression of homosexual tendencies of heterosexual men.

Presents information on the effective therapeutic intervention of therapists from the phases of coming out of the stage of gay identity formation into gay socialization. How a therapist can educate the patient about the process; Information on how a therapist can help in letting the patient understand dysfunctional dating styles; Information on the dating mythology on gay and lesbian relationships.

Deals with the gay subculture in London, England. Authorities' concerns regarding homosexuality; Debates about sexuality as consumption decoupled from its reproductive focus and associated with leisure; Description of London's gay Soho district.

This essay argues that a focus on gender alone is inadequate for the development of the economics of sexuality because of important differences between "gender" and "sexuality" as analytical categories. Examples of gender-based models of the family reveal the limitations of applying those models to the families of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, since gay families face very different legal, political, and cultural constraints and opportunities. However, variations in family forms and behavior that are rooted in sexual orientation differences provide opportunities for new feminist research strategies for studying the influence of gender norms and family legal institutions on economic behavior, for instance. And finally, feminists can also learn from and contribute to the political efforts of lesbian and gay activists who are creating new forms of legally and materially recognized relationships between adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]