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I examine the decades of fraught Iran–U.S. relations through a conceptual feminist IR lens, and I situate the relationship within the broader MENA region beset with rivalries, conflicts and crises. The spotlight is on the 2015 Iran nuclear deal Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the unilateral U.S. withdrawal in 2018, the long sanctions regime imposed on Iran, and the gendered effects on women's welfare and security. I argue that Iran–U.S. mutual hostility has enhanced tensions in the Middle East, reinforced militarised masculinities and bolstered the patriarchal political forces in Iran – which became the target of the 2022 female-led protests. Building on feminist arguments about the connection between domestic and international affairs, the article elucidates the relationship of sanctions to 'the continuum of violence'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the work of time on a marriage, and how does it transform people as they struggle to change and leave traces on others? Through reflections of middle‐class women in Pakistan who married men who did not share their religious aspirations, I focus on how difference is negotiated and conceived in these marriages, and on the unexpected outcomes in the religious outlook of both spouses. The work of time, articulated through the concept of sabar (forbearance), emerges here as a canvas for a confluence of human and nonhuman interventions, influences, and motivations, urging us to think of individual agency neither as autonomous action, as theorized in the liberal tradition, nor as wilful submission, as elaborated in Islamic contexts. Rather, agency, the capacity to assert one's own visions and hopes, depends on the malleability and openness of persons to time, leaving those who desire change in others equally exposed to transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current discourses in Belgian politics about Moroccan Muslim women are deeply rooted in the first-generation family reunification policies of the 1960s. Today, (marriage) migrant women are still commonly described as victims of their 'backward' religious traditions and in need of protection for the sake of themselves, their children and society. Looking at the implications of these views for the women concerned, this article discusses the unique docufilm 'When Mom Left for Mars', which documents the life narrative of a first-generation Moroccan woman in The Netherlands. Based on this docufilm, we aim to (1) document how Belgian and Dutch first-generation migrant women can be compared with each other using Karl Mannheim's 'theory of generations' and (2) engage in an intergenerational conversation with first-generation mothers and their daughters, as well as with mid-generation mothers, to gain more insight into their similarities, heritage and differences. More specifically, we explore the agency of these mothers using the analytical lens of 'affective citizenship', particularly attending to how they centralise mothering and care work to negotiate gender and belonging, and counter the challenges of marriage migration, motherhood and integration. The docufilm is, thus, used as a case study from which we consider the first-generation women as 'cultural archives', and as a methodological tool in facilitating in-depth interviews and group discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to wider methodological discussions about gender and undertaking fieldwork in and around European Union institutions, by focusing on shadowing as a particular ethnographic practice and the performance of gendered roles in fieldwork. The article is based on two ethnographic research projects and 16 shadowing placements, which were conducted in and around European Union institutions (2018–2020). As co-authors, we reflect on what our respective shadowing experiences reveal about gendered roles in fieldwork and how these are performed in the 'Brussels Bubble'. We show how the fieldwork roles emerged at different stages of shadowing, how we performed them dynamically and what they reveal about gendered micropolitics in the 'Brussels Bubble'. We call on researchers to be intentionally reflexive when doing shadowing as part of their fieldwork, to avoid uncritically performing the types of gendered roles that typically emerge within institutional settings and interpersonal relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this exploratory study, I analyse women's experiences in a pre-professional business leadership setting. I adopt a perspective of structural contraints and conceptually draw on the construction of the 'ideal' female subject in late modernity and 'new' femininities. I argue that, although they are shifting, femininities persist to be a structurally rooted burden for assuming leadership roles for the women in this study. I develop my argument based on four interviews with women from an entrepreneurship programme in the United Kingdom. These women experience a double-bind in being a woman and being a leader and, importantly, anticipate further experience of such double-bind in the future. This creates a tension between their constructions of self, in which the women draw on 'post-feminist' discourses, and their experiences of inequalities. This research, hence, improves our understanding of women's experiences in busines leadership settings by looking at the early-career stage, a perspective which is currently underdeveloped in the literature. This research also links women's experiences in business leadership settings to the construction of the 'ideal' female subject and 'new' femininities by drawing on empirical data. The essay builds a starting point for further research by providing initial insights into these topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we build on feminist scholarship to narrate how the MeToo movement in Iceland was formed through collective reflexivity and resistance, ultimately connecting different groups of women in affective solidarity. In our exploration of how the movement unfolded, we draw on anonymous MeToo testimonies and media discussions. We argue that the feminist lexicon, particularly the notion of 'returning the shame', was instrumental in hailing different groups to the movement. We trace how the concepts used restructured the women's affective relations to their experiences and thus enabled the 'feminist snap' that reverberated across and connected different groups. Speaking positions on different social locations revealed the intersectional nature of sexual violations and were necessary for seeing connections between and among different groups and going beyond politics centred on middle-class pain. We conclude that painting a bigger feminist picture of sexual violence is always an incomplete and ongoing process but is necessary for allowing us to hope for a better future for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the 'performativity of disgust' as a feminist strategy that takes place in various instances of menstrual activism. The analysis is based on an ethnographic study in Spain, which focused on alternative politics and cultures of menstruation that question the negative hegemonic Western vision of menstruation. By analysing the debates around gender, feminism, and corporality that arise in this field, the article highlights alternative corporal and menstrual imaginaries. The article contributes to and extends critical menstruation studies by exploring how feminist activists who engage in menstrual politics produce an aesthetic of disgust by reappropriating the abject, and in so doing, question the politics of menstrual disgust and gender inequalities. Paying special attention to collective initiatives that take place in public space, viewed as a place of social transformation, the article sheds light on how challenging the notion that 'menstruation is disgusting' can help us question gender and social inequalities, and promote social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay identifies how the very conception of public woman is infused with the opprobrium hurled against a wanton woman – a sexualized figure who has lost claims to moral standing or social worth. Our analysis begins diachronically by using thin description to trace the historical conflation of public woman in general, and Black woman in particular, with prostitute to outline the contours of the trope of public woman that have solidified across time. We document how the public woman became equated with prostitute, and then how the label prostitute was affixed to women in public to situate them as promiscuous or prurient. Our analysis proceeds synchronically as we argue that the toxic archive of memes and hashtags that name Kamala Harris a "ho" operates as a contemporary iteration of misogynoir that conflates public woman with prostitute. The result of our analysis is an identification of the digital public woman wherein the acceleration and repetition of such tropes ensures a recalcitrant public sentiment toward public women and hides the technological and rhetorical connections that intensify such public feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Egg freezing for social reasons is a process in which women who want to preserve their ability to fertilize their own oocytes at an older age freeze their eggs. With the help of in vitro fertilization, the cryopreservation of oocytes for future use is achieved. The aim of this article is to study the reasons, the risks and the effectiveness of the method from a worldwide aspect. Methods: A literature search was conducted to evaluate pertinent studies, using data from the search engines PubMed, Google and UptoDate as well as the medical literature. Results: The reasons for delayed procreation are non-medical, with the lack of an appropriate partner for a family being first on the list. The success rate of this method differs with the age of the woman, the number of fertilized eggs and other factors. Like every medical procedure, this method carries risks that relate to the mother (being of advanced age), the embryo and the procedure of in vitro fertilization. The policies that apply in each country differ depending on respective social, economic, religious and cultural factors. Due to the high cost of the method, its selection remains a choice for only a few, reinforcing social inequality. The question of the medicalization of reproduction remains unanswered in the industry of assisted reproduction. Conclusions: In conclusion, egg freezing for social reasons is gradually becoming more widely known, with the United States of America and Israel being at the top the list. Unfortunately, there is no official data registry, and consequently, no statistical results are yet available for Greece, even though it is a method that more and more women are considering. Nevertheless, there is an imperative need for a universal legal framework for all countries with respect for the needs of every woman and different social conditions. More research and data from the literature are needed in relation to the effectiveness of the method from moral and social perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural women in Bangladesh usually have lack of access, control and ownership over their land property because of existing patriarchal norms of the rural society. The prime objective of this study was to assess the impact of rural women's access to land on their income as well as household income. A multistage, geographically clustered, probability-based sampling approach was adopted for this study. Primary data were collected from the rural women living in two selected districts of Bangladesh. The Propensity Score Matching technique was used to assess the impact of land accessibility on household income and rural women's income. The Binary Logistic Regression technique was used to assess women's opinions. The study findings revealed that land had a positive impact on household income but rural women's income did not increase significantly despite having access to land. This study also showed that income, level of education, the existence of NGO operated programs in villages, and the number of visits to NGO offices by rural women were the key factors contributing to improving their overall well-being. Findings imply that the government should design an appropriate land ownership policy that guarantees titling as well as access for women to land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early marriage is defined as a marriage that happens to a woman under 16 years. Early marriage can affect the mother's and baby's health. Free sex, education, and poverty remain the three significant factors of early marriage. West Java Province is the third-highest province with cases of early marriage with 19.23% of cases in Indonesia in the year of 2020. The number of cases of early marriage in an area certainly has different characteristics. The proximity factor between regions can influence it. This study aims to model instances of early marriage in West Java Province by considering spatial aspects using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method. The existence of spatial dependence and heterogeneity is proven by Moran's Index and Breusch-Pagan value less than alpha (0.05). The results of GWR modeling using Gaussian Kernel Weights show that the Percentage of Women Who Got Pregnant before 16 Years Old (X1), Average Years of Schooling for Women (X2), and Percentage of Poor People (X3), have significant impact of the percentage of early marriage in West Java. The Percentage of Women Who Got Pregnant before 16 Years Old (X1) variable and the Percentage of Poor People variable (X3) positively affects the percentage of early marriage in West Java Province in 2020. At the same time, Average Years of Schooling for Women (X2) has a negative effect. Based on calculations, the best model in modeling early marriage in West Java Province is the GWR model, with an adjusted R² value of 93.18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a key chapter of contemporary Black Austrian history, namely the life stories of those individuals who were born to Black US soldiers and White Austrian women between 1945 and 1956. It offers a brief overview of the social conditions in which these persons were born, discussing how the mothers met the fathers, the conditions in which the children grew up, and their often long and difficult search for a usable identity. In the concluding section the article briefly surveys the work conducted in the field to date in order to discern the lacunae that require attention in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes some of Anne Bradstreet’s “marriage” poems, in an attempt to show that the shift in her poetic voice, namely the turn to a more secular approach to poetry, makes her relevant today as the first published poet in America and the first American writer who struggled to establish a new literary paradigm in the New World. The poems “Before the Birth of One of Her Children,” “To My Dear and Loving Husband,” “A Letter to Her Husband, Absent Upon Public Employment”, “Another” I and "Another" II represent a shift from the “nostalgia” of English literature and the establishment of a new, feminine poetic voice, preoccupied with the condition of the woman writer and the fate of poetry in the patriarchal seventeenth-century American society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thinking about the dynamics of precarity challenges us to defy and avoid any essentialised and crystallised category of exploitation and of the worker in the contemporary chain of value extraction. Indeed, since the neoliberal paradigm is often described as a regime shattering any distinction between life and work, such a productive dimension involves tackling subjectivity at the intersection of class, race, gender, ability/disability. The aim of this paper is to examine the recent The Assistant (2019) by Kitty Green, which, because of its melancholic and disempowering affective patterns, embodies a fascinating critical potential in reversing mythologies and imaginative traps related to dreams of individualised self-entrepreneurship. The film allows us to discuss these same intertwined levels by observing the emotional economy entailed in cultural work and how much this ecology can be connected with more general coordinates and strategies of feminisation and extraction of care-related activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women played a range of complex roles during the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe between 1961 and 1980. However, although the Zimbabwean post-independence government made attempts to promote gender equity following the liberation struggle, women ex-combatants continue to experience unequal access to redress compared to their male counterparts. Part of the reason for this is that they were not considered as a specific social group in post-independence policies. Discussions at Lancaster House in 1979 addressed redress for ex-combatants broadly but neglected to pay attention to women and their unique experiences in the struggle and in the post-independence context. In addition to this, it is not only gender, but also issues of social class and ethnicity that have shaped the political and socio-economic position of women ex-combatants in post-independence Zimbabwe. Using an intersectional lens, this article examines the experiences of Zimbabwean women ex-combatants, taking into consideration their class, sexuality, gender and ethnicity. It argues that gender on its own is inadequate to account for unequal access to redress. Rather, other social categories such as, but not limited to, social class and ethnicity should be investigated in order to understand the struggles faced by women ex-combatants in post-conflict societies in order for all to have equal access to justice and redress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilkie Collins's Man and Wife (1870) and Jezebel's Daughter (1880) portray female business owners who run their own enterprises independently. The concept of "female entrepreneurs" went against the social ethos of Victorian domestic ideologies. This essay argues that the novels suggested not only women's place beyond domestic spheres but also the possibility of their economic participation in Victorian society. Collins's Man and Wife and Jezebel's Daughter were published when women's property and economic participation were important Victorian political agendas. This essay argues that Collins's Man and Wife and Jezebel's Daughter supported Victorian women's entitlement to be independent economic agents as well as their contribution to the British economy through their participation in public businesses, thus foreshadowing the "New Woman" discourse on women's professional and financial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacities of detecting visual regularities were tested among twenty typical (age 11.1 ±.32), and twenty poor (age 11.03 ±.28) native-Arab readers. Two stages were implemented, passive exposure to visual regularities and forced decision task. In the first stage, the participants were passively presented with four shapes; each shape was displayed with unique invariant features, which present the regularities of the shape in addition to variant features. In the second stage, the participants were presented with forced decision task and were asked to make an acceptance or rejection of presented 160 shapes according to their own preferences regarding the shapes familiarity. Eighty of the presented shapes were compatible with the visual regularities as was presented in the passive learning stage where the other shapes presented the non-compatible condition. The results indicated that typical readers showed significantly higher levels of true responses in the decision task. In addition, among the typical readers group shorter response times were significantly recorded for the compatible items compared to non-compatible items. Such differences in response times were not observed among the poor readers. The results support the assumption that poor orthographic learning among poor readers could be associated with inefficient statistical learning capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissection of work based on biological sex orientation amid non-remunerated and remunerated work reduces females frugally and socially to become extra susceptible towards remaining poor and poorer in the society. This division is engineered by family, individual, communal and financial predicaments, especially those emanating from the cultural background, partisan and racial struggle circumstances or disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic. In Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe, women are marginalised and excluded by social discrimination and poverty, hence the call for action by the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Action is required specifically from the areas, such as education and environment, among others, to empower women to improve their situations or to develop communities and the country as a whole. Actions aimed at reducing impoverishment in society are perilous; hence, the Zimbabwean government decided to give preference to women in economic empowerment strategies and to advance acts that support monetary constitutional rights. While both men and women are susceptible to poverty, gender discrimination makes women to be more vulnerable to poverty and have meagre incomes to survive impoverishment. Women are always the last to feed, they are also usually the last to sleep and the first to wake up, they are the disadvantaged to get healthcare facilities and they are stuck in laborious, voluntary household chores from time to time. Unfortunately, some are left with no option and engage in prostitution as a means to survive. Using purposive sampling and cultural feminist lens, this study problematises the feminisation of poverty in Zimbabwe, using Mutasa community, particularly villages 4 and 30, as a case study to see how women alleviate poverty through mukando/marounds. The main argument presented in this study is that poverty must not have a feminine face; hence, the labels that synonymise scarcity with femininity must be eradicated. Contribution: This study contributes to the ongoing academic studies on the feminisation of poverty, using Mutasa district in Zimbabwe as a case study. It concludes by restating that the feminisation of poverty is a product of a flawed cultural system that denies women opportunities for realising their full potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, we highlight the colonial invention of oppositional and binary categories as a dominant form of social sorting and meaning-making in our society. We understand language as a tool for the construction, maintenance, and analysis of these categories. Through language, these categorizations often render those who sit at the margins illegible. We center the Black woman as the prototypical "other," her condition being interpreted neither by conventions of race nor gender, and take Black womanhood as the point of departure for a description of the necessary intersecting and variable analyses of social life. We call for an exploration of social life that considers the raciolinguistic intersections of gender, sexuality, and social class as part and parcel of overarching social formations. In this way, we can advocate for a shift in linguistics and in all social sciences that accounts for the mutability of category. We argue that a raciolinguistic perspective allows for a more nuanced investigation of the compounding intersections of race, gender, sexuality, and social status that often function to erase Black womanhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women faced prosecution as common scolds for their unruly speech in US jurisdictions until 1972, with Pennsylvania playing an outsized role in this history. Pennsylvania's treatment of common scolds reveals how the interplay of the law and the press perpetuated a construct of women's speech as gossipy, quarrelsome and disruptive of social order. Prosecutions occurred so frequently and continued for so long in Pennsylvania because of English common law's grip on the state's jurisprudence, reinforced by popular culture representations that stigmatised women's speech. Common law furnished formal legal precedents, while the press, driven by its own imperatives, readily propagated, amplified and validated the law's characterisation of scolds. Reports about scold cases, which fit easily into journalistic and cultural frames, often appeared as humorous vignettes that served as illustrations – if not warnings – about women's transgressive speech. Judges wondering about the continued legitimacy of this gender‐specific offense could take comfort from stories about prosecutions of scolds across the state and around the nation. The ordinariness of common scold cases also sheds light on community rules that regulated women's everyday speech – evidence about a fleeting activity nearly invisible to scholars before the digitisation of newspapers and obscure legal texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acts of violence in war not only have individual effects on bodies, but they also have a social, collective impact on the social body. While recent works have recovered the participation of women in the War for Independence and the 1910 Revolution in Mexico, the role their bodies played in wartime has not been examined. Focusing on the decade of war between 1857 and 1867, which influenced the consolidation of national sovereignty and identity, this article explores how, while women's bodies can be targets themselves, they also can be transformed into weapons aimed at other targets. Consequently, their bodies were 'weaponised' and aimed at: women as individuals punished for transgressions, real or imagined, of traditional gender roles; at men, to damage or destroy their masculine honour, their failure to protect their women and the integrity of their families; and last, the survival of their vision of the nation (either Liberal or Conservative), or even the honour and survival of the nation itself in the case of a foreign intervention. However, which bodies were targeted, and how, depended on the intersection of gender, class, race, ethnicity, political identity and nationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious alarm about female masturbation first emerged during a transitional period for beliefs on female sexuality. This article examines the gender history of masturbation through the shifting constructions of femininity at work in early anti‐masturbation discourse. While the founding work of the anti‐masturbation campaign (Onania, 1716) portrayed female autoeroticism as a significant concern, existing scholarship pays limited attention to how anti‐masturbation sentiment interacted with early modern femininities. This article explores this conflicted relationship in the early years of the movement, with a comparative analysis of how Onania and one of its most vocal critics portrayed female masturbation. Onania, which stemmed from a traditional paradigm of negative femininity, regarded all women as innately lustful and likely to masturbate. Onania Examined, and Detected, a critical tract embracing the increasingly dominant paradigm of positive femininity, denounced these claims as an unacceptable slur on female virtue. Nevertheless, its characterisation of the female masturbator reveals the continuing influence of traditional misogyny, with negative femininity repurposed as a deviation from a naturalised virtuous norm. This close analysis of early anti‐masturbation discourse reveals the cultural process of navigating a transitional phase in the construction of gender, which addressed old anxieties by incorporating them into a new paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Christian pyrexia' and 'education fever' have contributed greatly to the empowerment of women in Korea and helped with the transformation of Korean society more broadly. This article begins with an overview of the Confucian gender constructs and delimiting social expectations of women in the pre-modern period. It then focuses on the changing socio-political landscape in the late nineteenth century, which set the stage for the arrival of Protestant missionaries, who would transform the educational system. Han'gŭl, the 'vulgar' script of women, was soon the evangelising tool of the Protestants who established various institutions to educate 'modern' Korean girls and women. This radically transformed their place in society, from passive bystanders in a history that had ignored them. The fever for Christianity, linked with education as a tool for equality amidst the burgeoning of nationalism, was palpable in schools set up in Korea as the dark period of Japanese rule drew near. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women athletes in professional sport are uniquely positioned to expose the limits of gender essentialist ideology and challenge its relationship with inequality, little empirical research has considered how professional women athletes understand and negotiate gender ideologies. Drawing on 19 in-depth interviews and one e-mail exchange with U.S. women's professional soccer players, this article finds that sportswomen strategically endorse constructions of gender difference while simultaneously universalizing White, middle-class women's experiences. "Privileging difference" is a narrative whereby players recognize belief in women's physical inferiority to men and argue for women's moral superiority to men as a source of value and reward for women's sport. Sportswomen's moral authority is defined from a position of racialized class privilege, as players construct an idealized woman player who sacrifices material reward for emotional satisfaction and who emphasizes future change over present conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) and its accompanying measures, such as lockdowns, business closures and social distancing, on refugee women's working and living conditions. Based on semi-structured interviews with Syrian refugee women and representatives of national and international organisations in Jordan, the research highlights the extent of structural power imbalances in gender. The research findings show that COVID-19 and its associated restrictions have severely impacted Syrian refugee women's economic security and well-being because of existing inequalities and post-migration vulnerabilities. The findings also suggest that the inequalities regard to the structural power imbalances in gender roles made Syrian women more vulnerable compared to their male counterparts in the face of the COVID-19 crisis in Jordan. Furthermore, the COVID-19 restrictions led refugees to confinement at home, with an increased risk of domestic violence. Finally, the findings suggest that a gendered analysis of the vulnerabilities is required when government agencies or humanitarian organisations plan their programmes and services during a global health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to assess whether undergraduate students would correctly follow recombined instructions after two kinds of stimulus pairing procedures with overlapping compound stimuli, and to compare these results with a matching-to-sample procedure. The investigated procedures may be analogous to situations where the listener would learn to comprehend sentences with the syntax "verb + object." Participants were assigned to three groups that differed regarding the type of training between stimuli that overlapped in a stepwise manner: matching-to-sample (MTS), stimulus pairing (SP), and cued multiple stimulus pairing (CMSP). Relations between pseudophrases (A) and videos of actions related to objects (B), and between pseudophrases (A) and compound abstract symbols (C) were trained in each group (AB and AC training). Performance was tested in selection tasks: stimulus equivalence (BC/CB) and recombined conditional discriminations (AB-r/AC-r); and execution tasks: trained (AD/CD) and recombined (AD-r/CD-r) instruction-following. In the MTS control group, participants had to choose a comparison stimulus according to the sample, in a conditional discrimination task. In the SP condition, participants were asked to observe stimuli that were analogous to the sample and correct comparison of the MTS condition, displayed in sequence in a stimulus pairing task, presented without reinforcement or required selection responses. The CMSP condition used a procedure similar to SP, except S+ were signaled by a hand icon, and S- analogues were presented in the pairing trial. MTS and SP conditions produced similar performances in BC/CB, AB-r/AC-r, AD/CD and AD-r/CD-r testing, whereas CMSP yielded worse results than both. Results indicate that recombined instruction-following may be a product of stimulus pairing procedures, which does not require or reinforce selection responses (SP), even when more than one stimulus is displayed in the pairing situation (CMSP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores women's experiences in academia through collective biography from a feminist, transdisciplinary, intersectional frame. Crosscutting disciplines, classifications, and subject positions, we use dialogue to explore the nuances of what it is to be a woman in academia, and the experiences of building and developing community as women. We draw on data from a fall 2020 focus group where we each were part of a course in designing qualitative inquiry, as well as our reflections, memos, and conversations in dialogues that followed. These dialogues are accentuated with footnotes that function as a concurrent playlist of research, art, and music reflecting women's lives and experiences. We use poetic transcription and audio poetry to offer the texture of our experiences, offering both methodological and empirical implications for studying and researching women's experiences in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Saudi 2030 vision states it is committed to empowering women through education and employment, but the literature scarcely addresses their everyday realities. This paper utilises a critical realist perspective to examine the mechanisms emerging from the interplay of structural and cultural factors that impact women's empowerment concerning local realities in Saudi Arabia. Situated within a broader study, this research explores the qualitative element of women's work and education experiences by analysing policy documents and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that structure and culture have a diverse impact on education and employment, which may ultimately lead to disempowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines entry into paid sex work in Spain, comparing those people who entered sex work by choice and those who were coerced. There is a dearth of research that focusses on documenting the circumstances and conditions in which women engage in commercial sex work in Spain and on examining their opinions about current or planned legislation to regulate sex work. The article is based on a cross-sectional study using a sociological survey of people who work in indoor commercial sex, which is the least visible form of sex work in the Spanish context and about which we have the least information due to stigmatisation, both of the activity and of the people involved. This article considers the circumstances and working conditions of sex workers, and their views and position with regard to the legal framework for this activity. This focus is important at a political juncture in which a policy of criminalisation of sex work is being considered in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roma women face multiple inequalities at the intersections of ethnicity, gender, and class. Framed by Romani feminism, studies have explored Roma women's own perspectives and experiences, drawing attention to the diversity within this group and the specificities of their social position due to the complex forms of discrimination they face. Drawing on interviews with Spanish Roma women, this article contributes to and extends this strand of research by exploring Roma women's experiences and constructions of womanhood and motherhood. We found the construction of womanhood to be focused on the effective management of responsibilities, particularly caring and household tasks. Moreover, Roma women defined motherhood as a valued experience for them and their communities. A homemaker position was associated with mattering, something, we argue, which needs to be understood in the context of racial hostility, exclusion, and precarity in which Roma women live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between trans-inclusive and trans-exclusionary radical feminists (TERFs) has recently erupted in the post-Yugoslav space, adding to the urgency of embracing trans-feminism. In order to forge the ground for such a feminist orientation, this paper interweaves two theoretical reflections: the subject of feminism, and the historical lesbian experience of becoming 'included' with/in it. Beginning with the idea that, similarly to trans, it also took time and effort for lesbianity (see discussion on this concept in the article) to be recognised as a 'legitimate' subject of feminist emancipation, I extend Wittig's negation of lesbian womanhood to trans women. With this in mind, I argue that feminist radical solidarity requires an open-ended, liminal conception of gender. I then draw upon nine interviews with predominantly cis-gender lesbian activists from the post-Yugoslav space to explore the ways in which they endeavoured to bring about feminist radical solidarity in their activist engagement. I conclude that solidarity rather than normative inclusion that we, lesbians, fought for as feminists, should eventually be put at the service of trans-feminism. Like that, trans-feminism can become an integral part of women studies, trans women can be recognised as subjects of feminism, and trans persons embraced as our political and personal allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses what is still an under-examined issue in social mobility literature: the role played by women in the transmission of social advantages and life chances. We include models that incorporate both progenitors for those who were born in Spain between 1926 and 1976. We selected this country due to the far-reaching transformations experienced there for the female population in recent decades in terms of fertility rates, labor market, and educational mobility. Our results show that joint models that consider the influence of both the mother's and father's social class more accurately predict children's social mobility than models that only considers the father's social class. Contrary to previous studies, we do not find a clear movement toward a more open society, but rather a gendered fluctuation. While the social fluidity of sons has remained constant over time, daughters have experienced an intense process of social fluidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the memory of two women, whose existences were, apparently, habitual, ordinary, everyday, paced by their personal times and spaces, by the rhythm of life. The richness of their testimonies, of their spoken words, lies in the fact that they open windows that illuminate countless small scenarios, made up of multiple voices and unique, singular, collective and universal experiences in unison that, when interwoven, make up a great social world. These oral accounts take on a surprising cultural dimension: they record and identify dimensions of women who belong to the same generation even though they lived in different symbolic spaces and geographical locations in the same country: Mexico City, in the center of the country, and Chiapas, the southernmost state of the national territory. The stories of these women were forged in these states and were also defining in their personal experiences, delimiting their cultural identity, their gender condition, their ascription and their belonging to a social group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates housing conditions of single mothers in the context of housing policies. We study single mothers' probability to experience housing deprivation, overcrowded housing, overburdening costs of housing, and neighbourhood problems across European countries. We consider the structural consequences of home ownership rates, and policies related to regulation of rental markets, housing benefits and housing prices. We apply a multi-level framework to EU-SILC data on 21,937 single mothers, from 195 country-years and covering 21 European countries from 2008 to 2017. First, we find a trade-off in the provision of free housing or housing at reduced rents, that helps to reduce housing cost overburden for single mothers, but is also associated with higher rates of housing deprivation, overcrowding and neighbourhood problems. Next, in contexts with stricter rental market regulation, single mothers' housing deprivation is lower. Higher housing benefits reduce the risk of housing deprivation as well as overcrowding, but in contexts where home ownership is common, single mothers tend to experience more overcrowding. Single mothers are more likely to report neighbourhood problems in societies where housing prices are high. Our findings suggest that factors within the control of policy makers can be beneficial to the housing conditions of single mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, knowledge about African gender reality has predominantly been through a Western canon of feminism. However, overtime, there have been alternative theorisations influenced by African feminisms and African gender scholars. This article draws from a study that aims to illustrate alternative and decolonial knowledge about Malawian gender reality with a specific focus on participants' expressions of agency. Africana Womanism is utilised in making sense of participant data as it is rooted in an emphasis of the unique socio-cultural and historical context of African women and men such as those participating in the study. The article extends knowledge on 'resisting dominant discourses' within gender education and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that in addition to a critical engagement with categories that define dominant understandings of migration, more effort should be invested in looking at how different types of mobility and immobility are connected in real life. For this purpose, the article explores Lebanon's unequal mobility structure from the perspective of upper-class women. It suggests that the upper-class women's subject position should be analyzed in relation to the immobility of Lebanon's other residents, including migrant workers and refugees. Based on ethnographic research and interviews, I show how upper classes' lifestyles depend on services provided by migrant workers. At the same time, the migrant workers are racialized, considered inferior, and their mobility is constrained by the very same upper-class. This process of distancing from the migrants on the one hand, and the upper classes' discursive rapprochement to things labelled as "Western" on the other, justifies their success and privileged positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how three generations of women in an Afghan–Turkmen family residing in Istanbul, Turkey, have experienced historical migration and legal integration. We deploy the concept of potentiality to convey these women's experiences of legal integration as a particular form of existence that is, at times, expressed by them and other families of Afghan background with the Dari metaphor of being 'birds without legs'. The metaphor conveys their constant mobility. Combining original ethnographic data with the analysis of historical works, we argue that families of Turkic ethnolinguistic backgrounds from Afghanistan residing in Turkey have been unable, and at times unwilling, to realize refuge, citizenship and settlement as the endpoint of their mobile trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Note traces the evolution of US constitutional law from Roe v. Wade (1973), which established a right to abortion, to Dobbs v. Jackson (2022), which overturned Roe along with Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) and returned the issue to the states. It examines the questions of constitutional interpretation raised by Dobbs. It considers practical challenges, including the patchwork of state laws, the prevalence of medical abortion, and the aggressive stance taken by both sides. Finally, it proposes elements for a principled compromise about law in the United States, which takes seriously the full humanity of the unborn and is attentive to other jurisprudentially relevant factors, including lack of support for women facing crisis pregnancies and the relationship between race and abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2012 and 2019 two important human rights discourses ran concurrently in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The first involved the rights of asylum seekers detained in Australia's offshore Regional Processing Centre (RPC) on Manus Island. The second related to PNG women's and girls' rights amid the epidemic levels of violence against women and girls in PNG. As the PNG province that hosted the RPC, Manus provides a lens for examining these two rights discourses during this period. In this article I make three arguments. First, the RPC had local gendered impacts. Secondly, there was a gap between these two rights discourses which involved the privileging of the human rights of asylum seekers on Manus. Thirdly, this gap led to the neglect of the RPC's lasting gendered impacts on the local community. The analytical framework used in this article activates Indigenous narratives of human mobility in order to centre a feminine Manus perspective in relation to these rights discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two studies, we find that climbing the societal ladder has positive associations with women's well‐being and relationship outcomes but can also have negative consequences when women surpass their male partners in status. In Study 1 (N = 314), we found that women who reported having higher personal status also reported several positive relationship outcomes (e.g., higher relationship quality than women with lower personal status). However, these associations reversed for women who surpassed their partners in social status. In Study 2, a diary study (N = 112), we show how women's implicit endorsement of gender stereotypes qualifies the negative associations of surpassing one's partner in status. Among women with higher status than their partner, traditional women intend to adjust their behavior to fit the gender norm (e.g., thinking about reducing work hours in favor of their time at home), whereas egalitarian women did not, but felt guilty toward their partner. We show how the relationship dynamics of women who have surpassed their partners in social status should be considered when attempting to tackle structural discrimination and advance women's careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the effects of the presence of and cooperation with others on risky betting in a laboratory-based gambling task among high-risk gamblers. Specifically, we compared risky betting under solo, parallel, and cooperation conditions using a stratified randomized, cross-over design. Stratification was conducted according to participant age and gender. The participants were 40 Japanese adults (20 women, 20 men; mean age = 46, SD = 12.80). In the experiment, each participant conducted the Game of Dice Task (GDT) individually (solo condition), in parallel with another participant (parallel condition), and working together with another participant (cooperation condition). Linear mixed modeling results showed that when we controlled for previously specified covariates, there were no significant differences among the solo, parallel, and cooperation conditions regarding risky betting (parallel: estimates = 0.10, SE = 0.79, p =.900; cooperation: estimates = 0.95, SE = 0.79, p =.232). However, post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the solo and cooperation conditions regarding the number of times participants chose the riskiest bet (parallel: estimates = 0.18, SE = 0.52, p =.739; cooperation: estimates = 1.13, SE = 0.53, p =.035). Thus, we found that neither the presence of nor cooperation with others decreased risky betting in the GDT among high-risk gamblers. However, we did observe that participants displayed the riskiest betting behavior (i.e., selecting the single choice) in the GDT during the cooperation condition, compared with the solo condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a conversation between anthropologists Shakthi Nataraj and Bob Offer-Westort, where they discuss Nataraj's background in linguistic anthropology, feminist economics, and sociolegal theory, and how these disciplines have informed her work as an ethnographer of queer communities in India. It discusses her research project and fieldwork, research problem, and how she adapted methods to understand social lives of life stories evidence sexual identity in postcolonial contexts.

The article focuses on the sacred rituals and intimate relationships between women in Pakistan. It discusses author's childhood memories of a book of miracles and how it created a sacred space for women; and explores how the sacred rituals and performances have helped the author embrace her queerness and find intimacy with other women in prayer and song.