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This article explores Indigenous removal as a trans-imperial phenomenon through the writings of U.S. superintendent of Indian affairs, Thomas McKenney, and three of his British imperial counterparts—George Arthur, Charles La Trobe, and Francis Bond Head—all of whom declared themselves committed to ameliorating the condition of Indigenous people and concluded that this project necessitated Indigenous removal from proximity to British or U.S. settler populations. All four men employed stereotyped paternalistic imaginings to justify removal as the humanitarian duty of the self-proclaimed "civilized" toward Indigenous people. Yet their writing about their own proximity to actual Indigenous people—in spaces that in the 1820s and 1830s comprised the "Wests" of Anglophone expansion in North America and Australia—also reveal Indigenous bodily realities and political imperatives that instead posed dangers to these "civilized" men and their paternal schemas. Although these four Anglo-American men's rendering of such dangerous proximities do not, of course, fully explain the causes and horrors of removal policies, they suggest the need to look at the intimate spaces of Anglo-American imperial reach to reveal otherwise unacknowledged reasons why those proclaiming genuine concern for Indigenous wellbeing would support the stark subjugation and segregation of Indigenous removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines efforts by the dispossessed to challenge dispossession without claiming prior possession or demanding renewed possession as a singular remedy. It juxtaposes the author's work as a volunteer advocate for migrants detained in El Paso, Texas, with late seventeenth-century records of the trial of an enslaved Black man named Juan Patricio for assaulting a priest after helping a Maya woman named Fabiana Pech, in Yucatán, Mexico. This juxtaposition reveals a long history of dispossession and Black and Indigenous challenges to it, as well as a method for reading that history by attending to the poiesis of the archive, or the manner in which sources imaginatively remake what we know and how we act in ways that are not dependent upon the willful volition of individual actors. The article proposes a shift away from theories of dispossession that presuppose prior possession and toward a theory of ante-possession: lives lived prior to, in opposition to, or in apposition to possession as such. "We could call these social relations ante-possessive to capture the many ways they thrive before, against, or alongside racial capitalist modes of possession." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous institutions, local‐level organisations based on societal values, are receiving a positive appreciation for their acceptability and sustainability. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the roles of indigenous institutions in the social and economic lives of people, presenting evidence from the three indigenous institutions of the Awi people in Ethiopia, namely: the "Awi Equestrian Association", "Head of Cow", and "Head of Water". The research is based on an ethnographic approach and qualitative design. Informants were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected mainly through interviewing, complemented by focus group discussion, observation, and review of relevant literature, which were thematically analysed together with the primary data. The findings of the study reveal that the Awi Equestrian Association works on charity, social welfare, reconciliation, festivity, and recreation, whereas Head of Cow and Head of Water institutions are engaged in the efficient and equitable management of cattle and irrigation water resources, respectively, plus managing conflicts between people in their respective sectors. Conflict resolution and justice maintenance was found to be the common feature of all the three indigenous institutions. The research concludes that the three indigenous institutions of the Awi have remarkable roles in terms of social support, conflict resolution, resource management, and reinforcing social cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores ethnic alterity in the Bolivian Tipnis crisis, showing how claiming indigenous, Indian and colonial identities was significant in shaping government strategy and responses among 'citified Indians' of La Paz and El Alto and highland indigenous social movements. While Kuper claims indigeneity can distract attention from 'real local issues', Andean ethnicity is relational, roles assigned and reassigned in a continually shifting political theatre, where the 'rebel Indian' recurs historically, challenging colonial hegemony and reorienting the discussion towards issues of territorial autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how the Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced the stigmatisation and economic, social and cultural exclusion of indigenous groups in Argentina. Using the example of Qom/Toba in the northern province of Chaco and its capital Resistencia, the authors argue that the control of the pandemic regarding 'space' and 'movement' has considerably intensified practices of spatialised marginalisation of indigenous (non-white) persons, triggering also new strategies of self-empowerment and resistance. It shows how the 'governance of Covid-19' contributes to the perpetuation of power structures within the affective and geographical project of a 'White Argentina'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Prácticas descoloniales: El movimiento de resintencia cultural y lingüística, Tseltal Maya scholar and educator Daniel Ochoa shows how an Indigenous perspective can bring forth ideas about language and education. He combines resistencia/resistance and intención/intention into resintencia, a decolonial practice based on nurturing Indigenous culture. The focus is not just on opposing colonial forces, but also, like jaguars faced with capitalist encroachment, maintaining indigenous tradition in the face of global pressures. I consider Ochoa's ideas on Indigenous educational and cultural practices in light of Maya jaguar ontology, as well as in comparison with biological studies of jaguar behavior. I then consider how the Zapatistas incorporate similar ideas of resintencia and jaguar ontology into their political praxis. Drawing from Tsotsil Maya sholar and poet Manuel Bolom Pale's examination of Tsotsil linguistic epistemology Chanubtasel-p'ijubtasel: Reflexión filosófica de los pueblos originarios, I compare this with Zapatista concepts as described in Dylan Eldredge Fitzwater's Autonomy Is in Our Hearts: Zapatista Autonomous Government through the Lens of the Tsotsil Language. Together these works show how Maya writers and educators, and citizens on Maya autonomous lands, are living a jaguar ontology that strives to keep balance in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indigenous population of Latin America has been suffering from a sense of alienation since the arrival of Columbus in 1492 who referred to this land as "Nuevo Mundo". There is a long history of environmental exploitation in Chile which has severely strained the relationship amongst the Mapuche community, the State and private entities (hydroelectric and timber industry). Although this conflict seems to be economicproductive associated with land, wherein land attains a "tangible material good", in the Mapuche cosmovision, land (Mapu means land in Mapudungun, the language of Mapuche) acquires a connotation of "intangible material and immaterial good". There is a profound imperceptible connection between nature and Mapuche and their traditions and culture are strongly rooted in the land. The industrial expansion has promoted a series of negative externalities like habitat fragmentation, loss of native forest, biodiversity reduction, water availability, etc. These affect the "idiosyncrasy" of this community (Mapuche-Nature relationship) and loss of their land could represent an identity loss. The Chilean indigenous policy appears to be inadequate and fail to recognize the socio-cultural and territorial rights for all indigenous peoples, including Mapuche, given the multidimensionality of the land under the indigenous cosmovision. The sociopolitical measures imposed by the Chilean government until now to make their life "modern" boomeranged alienating them further from society. This paper proposes to look at the territorial rights of the Mapuche with an interdisciplinary approach and focuses on developing the conceptual framework of Mapuche cosmovision of land and territory. The study follows a brief analysis of the historical context of the territorial conflict between the Chilean State and the Mapuche people and how the implementation of national and international normative framework on indigenous rights has not been effective in resolving this territorial conflict. The study tries to synthesize and talks about integrating the Mapuche land cosmovision in the sociopolitical discourse and be considered while formulating any land policy involving Mapuche and other indigenous peoples inhabiting in Chile in future. The discussions and analysis have been carried out through a comprehensive literature review and integrate an interdisciplinary approach to look at this issue, both from the philosophical perspective and from the socio-political policy framework of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the concept of Indigenous Data Sovereignty. Topics discussed include the impact of the COVID-19 virus on health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples; the use of data on Indigenous Peoples during COVID-19 for analysing economic losses, social upheaval and discrimination; and information on CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance.

The article offers information on the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples which is one of the 56 "special procedures" of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Topics include the impact of COVID-19 on health of Indigenous Peoples; strengthened protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights; and the regional overview of social conditions of Indigenous Peoples in Asia.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of French Polynesia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; United Nations and the right to self-determination; and a series of actions against Oscar Temaru, independence leader and mayor of Fa'a'a.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Palestine. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; and pipelines and the development of fossil fuel infrastructure.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Russian Federation. Topics discussed include protecting the cultural identity of ethnic Russians abroad; protecting traditional economic activities of Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic Zone; and an account of land rights of Indigenous Peoples.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Palestine. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; information on human rights principles within the country; and an account of arms deals and demolitions within the country.

The article offers information on African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. Topics discussed include the impact of the COVID-19 virus on health of indigenous populations; monitoring of the situation of Indigenous Peoples' rights; and information on 10th Advanced Course on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Africa held from 9-13 November 2020 by the Centre for Human Rights of the University of Pretoria in South Africa.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Samoa. Topics discussed include information on health of Indigenous communities; 84th Extraordinary Session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child; and constitutional challenges and separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Papua New Guinea. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; information on Bougainville's 2020 presidential elections; and the contributions made by extractive industries within Papuan communities.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Hawai'i. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the role of COVID-19 spread in limiting the presence of Thirty Metre Telescope opponents on Mauna Kea; and the codification of rules for activities authorized on Mauna Kea.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Israel. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; mechanisms of forced displacement during the COVID-19 crisis; and the insufficient basic services and emergency response during the pandemic.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Suriname. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the impact of pandemic on food and other basic commodities due to a lack of transportation; and the participation of Indigenous traditional authorities in policymaking during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Kalaallit Nunaat, Greenland. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the history of removing Greenlandic children from their families; and the decolonisation discourse and events in 2020.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Tanzania. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; Ngorongoro Conservation Area and threats of eviction of Indigenous Peoples; and the Engaruka Soda Ash Project and threats of loss of land.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Venezuela. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; increased presence of numerous armed groups in Indigenous territories; and information on territorial rights of Indigenous Peoples.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous People in Kenya. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; ongoing human rights violations towards forest communities; and information on community land progress and new challenges related to the same.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Sápmi, Sweden. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of the Sámi people; lack of data and information in Sámi languages; and industrialization and extensive development of the wind power industry on lands used by Sámi.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Rapa Nui. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the impact of pandemic on economic, social, cultural and environmental rights; and the ongoing problems of social inequality in the country.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Peru. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the recogination of three additional Indigenous languages Munichi, Omagua and Taushiro by Ministry of Education; and latent threat of the Amazon Waterway project.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Paraguay. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; indigenous people on the street, suffering extreme violence and sexual exploitation; and the issues of human rights violations in the country.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Panama. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; progress in political and social rights in the midst of the pandemic; and medicine and intercultural awareness in a time of COVID-19.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Mexico. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; an account of social and economic inequality prevalent in Mexico; and inequalities that deeply affect Mexico's Indigenous Peoples and exacerbate their living conditions.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Nicaragua. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; attacks on the Miskitu and Mayangna Indigenous Peoples; and forced displacements of Sangni Laya from armed settlers impacting human rights violations.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Amerindians of Guyana. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the role of Indigenous women and children; and the dispute in the Amerindian village of Campbelltown in the Mahdia gold mining region.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Guatemala. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic inequality and racism; and information on the impact of COVID-19 on living conditions.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Ecuador. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; criminalisation of the October 2019 social protest against President Lenin Moreno's conspiracy theory; and oil pipeline collapse and oil spill in northern Amazon.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of French Guiana. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; Customary Grand Council of the Amerindian and Bushinenge populations; and the plans to move French Guiana towards autonomy.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Costa Rica. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; law on the Autonomous Development of Indigenous Peoples; and the ongoing problems of eviction and compensation of non-indigenous occupants.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Chile. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; policy of criminalising Mapuche social protest; and information on mining conflicts affecting Andean peoples in northern Chile.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Colombia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the ongoing problems of human rights violations in the country; and the situation of Indigenous Peoples in Colombia in the context of the armed conflict.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; dismantling of Indigenous Peoples' protection policies; and the appointment of Secretariat for Indigenous Health for Indigenous Health in the ongoing crisis of COVID-19.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; situation of the Indigenous territories; and information on progress in Native, Peasant, Indigenous Autonomy (AIOC) access procedures.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Argentina. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; territorial disputes, and eviction attempt; and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights court case Lhaka Honhat Association vs. Argentina on .violations of various Indigenous rights.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Philippines. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; comprehensive campaign to discredit and delegitimise Indigenous organisations; and the ongoing problems of human rights violations in the country.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Thailand. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; study on the problems faced by Indigenous Peoples approved by National Legislative Assembly; and progress in drafting a new law on promoting and protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Nepal. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; violations of the human rights of Indigenous Peoples for activities related to national parks; and indigenous women's collective human rights related to lands, and territories and resources.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Myanmar. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; international recognition of Indigenous and community conserved areas; and preserving ethnic literature, and culturing and fostering ethnic unity and socio-economic development.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Malaysia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the ongoing problems of incidence of child marriage; and land rights of pro-Malay disposition of the new Perikatan Negara.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Japan. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; lack of self-determination and free, prior and informed consent; and the ongoing issues of repatriation of Okinawan human remains.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Laos. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Indigenous Peoples' livelihoods, income and food security; and the ongoing problems of inequality across ethnic groups.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous People in Ethiopia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the role of flooding and a locust outbreak in creating humanitarian crisis in the country; and the impact of political turmoil and conflicts on Indigenous Peoples.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Indonesia. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; the issues of land conflicts and criminalization; and the situation of Indigenous women in Indonesia, including their occupations, participation in customary decision-making, and access to natural resources.