4 results on '"SMALL RURAL TOWNS"'
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2. Small Rural Towns and Farmhouses of the Opera for Valorizzazione of Sila in Calabria. Narrated Memory from the Past and the Present, Research for Possible Sustainable Scenarios
- Author
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Caniglia, Maria Rossana, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Calabrò, Francesco, editor, Della Spina, Lucia, editor, and Piñeira Mantiñán, María José, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. International Grain Reserves and Other Instruments to Address Volatility in Grain Markets
- Author
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Brian D. Wright
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic policy ,municipal water supply ,Food prices ,service delivery ,Monetary economics ,Development ,Relative price ,service improvements ,Buffer stock scheme ,water quality ,water services ,Price floor ,Market price ,urban water ,water supplies ,utilities ,water tariffs ,large cities ,Financial market ,Spot market ,watersheds ,water users ,municipal water ,clean water ,Price band ,irrigation systems ,service provision ,small rural towns ,water supply systems ,Business ,towns ,service providers - Abstract
In the long view, recent grain price volatility is not anomalous. Wheat, rice, and maize are highly substitutable in the global market for calories, and when aggregate stocks decline to minimal feasible levels, prices become highly sensitive to small shocks, consistent with storage models. In this decade, stocks have declined due to high income growth and biofuels mandates. Recently, shocks including the Australian drought and biofuels demand boosts due to the oil price spike were exacerbated by a sequence of trade restrictions by key exporters beginning in the thin global rice market in the fall of 2007, which turned market anxiety into panic. To protect vulnerable consumers, countries intervened in storage markets and, if they were exporters, to limit trade access. Recognizing these realities, vulnerable countries are building strategic reserves. The associated expense and negative incentive effects can be controlled if reserves have quantitative targets related to the consumption needs of the most vulnerable, with distribution to the latter only in severe emergencies. More-ambitious plans manipulate world prices via buffer stocks or naked short speculation to keep prices consistent with fundamentals. Past interventions of either kind have been expensive, ineffective, and generally short-lived. Further, there is no significant evidence that prices do not reflect fundamentals, including export market access.
- Published
- 2012
4. Building Water Utilities with Local Private Entrepreneurs : The Example of the Mirep Program in Cambodia 2000-2010
- Author
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Mahe, Jean Pierre
- Subjects
COMPETITIVE BIDDING ,LOCAL WATER ,RIVERS ,PUMPING ,WATER CONSUMPTION ,COMMUNITY WELL ,DRAINAGE ,BOREHOLES ,WATER REGULATION ,RAINWATER COLLECTION ,ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ,ABUNDANCE OF WATER ,ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER ,USE OF WATER ,PROGRAMS ,ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY ,WATER SOURCES ,PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY ,BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY ,RURAL WATER SUPPLY ,RAINFALL ,COMMUNITY WATER ,SMALL TOWN WATER SUPPLY ,CONSTRUCTION ,EFFLUENT ,SMALL RURAL TOWNS ,DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ,WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ,LOCAL PRIVATE SECTOR ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,CATCHMENTS ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,WATER TARIFF ,WATER POLICY ,WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ,WATER TREATMENT ,WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ,WATER TARIFFS ,COMMUNITY SYSTEMS ,FARMERS ,WATER POINTS ,HARDNESS ,POND WATER ,CUBIC METER ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY ,WELLS ,PUBLIC WATER ,COVERING ,PIPES ,INDIVIDUAL CONNECTIONS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,WATERS ,CONCESSION CONTRACTS ,INVESTMENT COST ,POLLUTION ,QUALITY OF WATER ,SANITATION ,PUBLIC UTILITIES ,SURFACE WATER ,POLITICS OF WATER ,SANITATION SECTOR ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,TUBE WELLS ,SANITATION UTILITIES ,PATHOGENS ,WATER COLLECTION ,WATER SERVICES ,WATER SYSTEM ,RAIN ,WATER SUPPLIES ,DRINKING WATER ,HUMAN WASTE ,MANAGEMENT OF WATER ,PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY ,WATER FEES ,RURAL VILLAGES ,POTABLE WATER SUPPLY ,PUBLIC WATER UTILITY ,COST RECOVERY ,WASHING ,TURBIDITY ,WATER SUPPLY SERVICES ,WELL WATER ,DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ,WATER SECTOR ,WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ,SEEPAGE ,TARIFF REGULATION ,PIPE ,PRIVATE PARTICIPATION ,OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS ,DOMESTIC WATER ,GROUNDWATER ,INVESTMENT PLANNING ,RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER ,ENGINEERING ,DOMESTIC WATER USE ,WATER STORAGE ,LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS ,MANGANESE ,RAINWATER ,MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES ,SHALLOW WELLS ,OPERATIONAL COSTS ,LOW INCOME CUSTOMERS ,WATER NEEDS ,IRRIGATION ,SALINITY ,DUG WELLS ,WATER SUPPLY DEMAND ,WATER SALES ,SMALL RURAL VILLAGES ,IRON ,OPERATION OF WATER SUPPLY ,PUBLIC COMPANY ,ALUMINUM ,DRINKING WATER QUALITY ,FINANCIAL VIABILITY ,MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,WATER SUPPLIERS ,ACCESS TO SERVICES ,DRILLED WELLS ,COLIFORM BACTERIA ,LARGER TOWNS ,WATER SYSTEMS ,HOUSEHOLDS ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,INVESTMENT COSTS ,POTABLE WATER ,RIVER WATER ,METERING ,LOCAL SERVICES ,SERVICE PROVISION ,OPERATIONAL ASPECTS ,URBAN WATER ,RURAL WATER ,METEOROLOGY ,HOME WATER SUPPLY ,PRESSURE ,WATER SERVICE ,WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,PIPED WATER ,PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN WATER ,SMALL TOWN WATER ,WATER PRESSURE ,URBAN WATER SUPPLY ,MARSH ,WATER LOSS ,WATER UTILITIES ,COMMUNITY WELLS ,WATER QUALITY ,WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ,WATER SUPPLY ,TARIFF SETTING ,WATER USE ,PRIVATE OPERATORS ,PROFIT MARGIN ,SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE ,PONDS ,ACCESS TO WATER ,COLLECTION SYSTEMS ,LEAK DETECTION ,POPULATION DENSITY ,SMALL TOWN ,WATER RESOURCES ,URBAN AREAS ,SMALL TOWNS ,LAUNDRY ,LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS - Abstract
The involvement of the rural private sector in water supply in Cambodia is unique to the country. The presence of this private sector allows other entities to respond to new demands from people living in the larger villages for household water supply, which the State is not yet able to address. These entrepreneurs operate on a merchant basis, lacking an institutional structure which is still being created. Their business is most often based on pushcart delivering water barrels at the house of villagers or more recently on small piped networks usually distributing raw surface water. Service is rough; the water quality is uncertain, but the users are satisfied with this service, because for them, it constitutes another alternative to the already considerable choice of water supplies available-ponds, wells, boreholes, and rivers. Their demands focus more on a practical objective (a supply in the household) than on a sanitary one, even if surveys show that villagers have a good understanding of health risks associated with water. Through the implementation of 14 small scale water supply systems, the goal was to enhance a qualitative improvement of the water service in some Cambodian small towns through the transformation of rough and informal merchant services to a basic water service supplying drinking water to an extended population under a formal institutional arrangement. The MIREP (Mini Reseaux d'Eau Potable - Small Scale Piped Water Supply System) program, launched in 2001 to transform these very basic initiatives into basic services, began as a pilot project supporting one entrepreneur in the implementation of a small piped water system. In order to move forward, the MIREP program made a choice, in particular linked to its proximity to the Ministry of rural development, to assist the nascent involvement of communes in decentralization, to strengthen provincial power through the process of decentralization, and to respect the cultural heritage of those who devised and financed the project.
- Published
- 2010
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