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Previous research has focused on thematic and semantic descriptions of slang expressions in the Nigerian educational context. Morphological and semantic analyses of slang expressions have received little attention. This study addresses this gap by identifying different slang expressions used by students of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, accounting for the morphological processes involved in their formation, and exploring how the meanings of these slang expressions are derived. The microethnography research design was adopted, and data were drawn from participant observation and semi-structured interviews involving 50 students. Data are analysed descriptively following linguistic analytical procedures. The analysis indicates that slang expressions used by students in the study population are formed using these morphological processes: abbreviation/acronym, clipping, borrowing, calquing, reduplication, compounding, back-formation, and blending. The study shows that the meaning of slang words is manipulated through generalisation, particularisation, and pejoration. This study contributes to the literature on slang usage by establishing that calquing and reduplication are also morphological processes involved in slang formation. This article contributes to the understanding that slang expressions can also be borrowed from languages within a country and not necessarily from outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well‐established within linguistics that slang serves a group‐identifying function. In this paper, a new understanding of the notion of lexical metadata is developed to provide a philosophical treatment of said function. The proposed account explains the group‐identifying function of slang in terms of certain inferences about a speaker's group affiliations that people competent with a slang word will be disposed to make given the lexical metadata related to the word in question. The resulting view is theoretically simple and may extend to a whole range of linguistic phenomena that speakers utilize to position themselves in social space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Slang or neologism can be considered as playful words that are being construed as something that defines the current generation's set-up, culture, or background. It may also be considered the language of the current times but may differ depending on the projected culture to where it will be used. The study is about how, from a regular expression, a possible slang/neologism may be formed/constructed. The way that slang/neologism is being idealized as something new reflects how words are so dynamic and how, through their coinage, a word can signify a new meaning, a new perspective, and a new appreciation of culture and standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Slang is a form of language that is modified or shortened to make concepts shorter and easier to understand by certain groups. Although slang is informal, it can increase friendliness and enjoyment of everyday communication. Therefore, this research seeks to provide a analysis of the types of slang commonly used on social media X. This research uses qualitative research. The qualitative research used is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher chose the purposive sampling method for this research. Data collection techniques were carried out by taking screenshots and reading and writing techniques. As part of this research, social media data revealed that slang can be categorized into word types and structures. Results based on Allan & Burridge (2006) show that the forms of slang found on social media are very diverse, creative and active, including fresh and creative, flippant, imitative, acronyms and clipping. The results of the research show that, there are 3 social media accounts X that the researcher chose as samples for this research, namely Taylor Swift, Ed Sheeran, and Lady Gaga. The researchers examined 5 types of slang words, namely fresh and creative of 17%, flippant of 17%, imitative of 23%, acronym of 20% and clipping of 23%. The slang words most frequently used by the 3 samples that researchers took on social media X were Clipping and imitative with a percentage of 23%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the common language used for texting between first- and second-year English language studies majors at a state university in the northern Philippines, as well as their writing skills. The methodology of total enumeration sampling was utilized to ascertain the study participants. The findings demonstrated that "Shortenings and Abbreviations" is the most often used texting language among the seven commonly used texting languages among the respondents. The results also revealed that the respondents' written performance had a relatively low level of writing competence, "Developing," which can be linked to their usage of acronyms and shorthands. These imply that the idea that textese, or texting language, is destroying language and influencing the language performance of the students has been proven and confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Louchébem, the ancient trade argot of the Paris butchers, is based on a word formation (or rather deformation) process used to disguise French words according to a rule. The butchers did not invent the process but borrowed it from Largonji  (a deformation of jargon). Words from this source are attested in the argot of the so-called 'dangerous classes', who used it to produce language opaque to the authorities. Louchébem combines a means of secrecy, an opportunity for language play and a tool for constructing craft identity. In this article, I present the linguistic and sociolinguistic details of Louchébem based on primary data collected from 233 traditional butchers. I further investigate secrecy in the modern context, when the key to Louchébem is available on the internet over 150 years after the emergence of the butchers' argot. My research shows that both internal and external factors influence how secret Louchébem really is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violent metaphors are common in the description of stand-up comedy. If a comedian is successful, she "kills"—vaudeville slang that hardened in the twentieth century into an aggressive, hierarchical ethos this article refers to as the dominance model that is problematic because it reproduces systems of oppression that disadvantage comedians of marginalized identities, especially women and LGBTQIA+ performers. While pervasive in the stand-up industry, the dominance model is not inherent to the art form itself but is rather a by-product of the white, heteropatriarchal culture in which stand-up was forged. A more inclusive model frames stand-up comedy as an erotic art as defined by Audre Lorde in "Uses of the Erotic." Lorde argues that erotic knowledge is deeply felt in the body, joyful, and shared, a description that neatly encapsulates the experience of stand-up comedy for both performer and audience and offers a fresh, feminist approach to understanding stand-up comedy performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricate tapestry of English pronunciation across the Southern and Northern regions of India, with a particular emphasis on the idiosyncrasies of slang usage among speakers of Dravidian and Indo-Aryan languages. The research endeavours to shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving these phonetic variations, considering the linguistic, sociocultural, and technological factors at play. Through analysis of key languages from both language families, this research elucidates the factors driving variations in pronunciation. Central to this investigation is the recognition of slang as a potent force shaping pronunciation dynamics. Slang, characterised by its informal and often playful nature, serves as a vehicle for linguistic innovation, facilitating the spread of novel pronunciations among speakers. Through a meticulous analysis of primary languages from both language families, this research elucidates the intricate interplay between linguistic diversity and pronunciation evolution. Employing a multifaceted methodology encompassing observation, comparison, elicitation, and analysis, this study navigates the complex terrain of multilingual accents in India. It advocates for the preservation of linguistic plurality, cautioning against the imposition of a standardised Indian accent that could homogenise the rich tapestry of regional variations. Key findings highlight the multifarious factors contributing to pronunciation shifts among North and South Indian speakers. Assimilation and dissimilation processes, phonological mergers, as well as the pervasive influence of language and social contacts, emerge as pivotal forces driving linguistic change. Furthermore, the burgeoning impact of technology and media on language usage underscores the dynamic nature of pronunciation evolution in contemporary Indian society. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of understanding and preserving linguistic diversity in India. By acknowledging the significance of regional accents and the role of slang in pronunciation dynamics, this study advocates for a nuanced approach to language preservation and standardisation. By embracing the inherent plurality of Indian English, we can foster a linguistic landscape that celebrates diversity while ensuring the continued vitality of English as a global medium of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores some euphemistic expressions in common usage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It evaluates the degree to which Saudis are familiar with these expressions and how frequently they use them. The KSA covers a large area with a variety of dialects: thus, any socio-linguistic research which deals with slang should be meticulous. One enabling factor for this study is that Saudis are comparatively religious and avoidant of linguistic taboos, and consequently employ euphemisms often. Several research papers have tackled taboos in the KSA, but most of these have been contrastive to or comparative with British English or American English, while others have explored standard euphemistic expressions in classical Arabic. This study is unique in dealing with selective euphemisms used in Saudi slang through a survey devised to measure peoples' degree of knowledge as well as their usage of such expressions. After analyzing the results of the questionnaires, it is possible to derive several attitudinal results, the most important of which include the findings that present-day Saudis are generally well-acquainted with euphemism in their language and that they are inclined to employ it in everyday situations wherever appropriate. The population selected for this study is resident within the Al Riyadh region, or what can be called "Najid". As the heart of the KSA, this region has Saudis from various regions and with a range of linguistic differences. However, it is recommended that similar studies be taken up in different parts of the KSA so as to pinpoint regional variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Сленг как лингвистическое явление вызывает интерес по сей день. Статья посвящена вопросу игрового сленга. Авторами приведено оптимальное определение «игрового сленга», а также его разновидностей. Целью данной статьи является анализ игрового сленга малого толкового онлайн словаря-справочника русскоязычного сообщества “World of Warcraft” – массовой многопользовательской ролевой онлайн-игры, существующей с 2004 года. Объектом исследования выступили языковые единицы, представленные в «WOW словаре», размещённом в открытом доступе в сети «Интернет». В статье также уделяется внимание англицизмам, которые составляют значительный пласт лексики в данном словаре. Авторы сделали акцент на лексикографическом и лексикологическом аспектах в своём исследовании, что позволило не только провести лексикографический анализ словаря, но также проанализировать способы словообразования, представленные в этом словаре. Выводы исследования подчеркивают уникальность и значимость игрового сленга для дальнейших лингвистических исследований.

Slang or neologism can be considered as playful words that are being construed as something that defines the current generation’s set-up, culture, or background. It may also be considered the language of the current times but may differ depending on the projected culture to where it will be used. The study is about how, from a regular expression, a possible slang/neologism may be formed/constructed. The way that slang/neologism is being idealized as something new reflects how words are so dynamic and how, through their coinage, a word can signify a new meaning, a new perspective, and a new appreciation of culture and standards.

Цель данной статьи – анализ особенностей коммуникации в дискурсе киберспорта, обусловленных новыми реалиями киберпространства. Материалом исследования для данной статьи послужили записи стримов турнирных и публичных матчей англоговорящих и русских контент-мейкеров. Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена высокой популярностью киберспорта как социального явления, позволяющего смотреть, болеть, участвовать и соревноваться не в реальном, а в виртуальном пространстве. Практическая значимость данного исследования позволяет изучать классифицировать и разбирать особенности игрового и киберспортивного сленга, изучать способы передачи и перевода терминов в данной сфере, а также подробно изучать стратегии выстраивания коммуникации в данной интернациональной среде. Данное исследование позволило показать, как пользователи и игроки находят способы передачи и/или обозначения различных терминов и к каким переводческим трансформациям и решениям они прибегают. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что игроки нередко прибегают к различным переводческим приёмам, среди которых можно выделить транслитерацию, транскрипцию, использование заимствований и сокращений для обозначений игровых явлений, механик, ролей, мест.Методами изучения послужили: наблюдение, анализ, классификация и описание.

The article examines the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the substandard based on the material of artistic works of the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries. Substandard linguistic units, such as, for example, jargon and slang are an integral part of the artistic space when it comes to a realistic recreation of a certain period of time, describing the inner experiences of characters, verbalizing the worldview of the characters of the works. The use of a linguistic substandard allows you to recreate the linguistic and conceptual picture of the world not only of the characters of the work, the system of their norms and values, but also to rise to generalization and understanding of reality. The main functions of substandard units are ideological and emotional-evaluative, as well as cognitive, less often nominative.

Due to hierarchical power relations and the difficulty of confronting others or expressing disdain explicitly in small rural communities, nicknames and spoiled names can be an overt avenue for venting displeasure, ridiculing, expressing social inequality, asserting superiority, conveying judgment, or warning against improper behaviour. The study focuses on how native Punjabi speakers in rural Punjab, Pakistan, distort names to express disdain, rage, affection, or frankness towards people in their presence or absence. Distorted names used both overtly (in the person’s presence) or secretly have been collected through a questionnaire filled in by 22 participants belonging to 22 villages in Punjab, Pakistan. Socio-cultural implications of those names have also been investigated and discussed. The author shows that the boundary between distorted names and nicknames is indistinct. This applies to both their formal features, semantic and pragmatic properties. Speakers not only morphologically distort the formal names but also use the names of castes, animals, physical attributes, and professional titles as address forms or referential expressions. Although distorted names generally offend the referent, they, like nicknames, can be used in both positive and negative contexts. The article describes the main motivational patterns of distorted names, similar to those usually pointed out for nicknames, and focuses mainly on their pragmatic features as noted in the metalinguistic comments of the respondents. Though the use of such naming labels may display quite universal regularities, the socio-cultural situation of the caste-based traditional rural communities of Punjab brings its own specifics to the way distorted names and nicknames are used in the area under study.

This study examined the translation strategies used in subtitling Arabic dialogues in Netflix’s The Crown into English with specific reference to idioms, slang expressions, and offensive language and taboos. The data, which included Arabic examples of the specified categories along with their English subtitles, were collected and qualitatively analyzed according to different typologies of equivalence proposed by previous studies, including those by Vinay and Darbelnet (2004), Baker (1992) and Díaz Cintas and Remael (2021). The findings revealed that in translating idioms, paraphrasing was the most utilized strategy that successfully delivered the literal meaning but fell short of capturing the negative connotations of the expressions. For slang expressions, the subtitler opted for omission and using equivalents with less expressive meanings. When translating offensive language and taboos, the expressions were either softened or omitted to minimize their negative impact on the audience, especially those concerning British royalty. Expressions related to non-royals, however, were translated literally. This study can help subtitlers and translation students enhance their skills in rendering culture-specific expressions, including idiomatic, slang, and offensive expressions. It is recommended that translators strike a balance between adapting expressions to resonate with the target audience while maintaining the authenticity of the original dialogue.

The Arabic-derived French slang word wesh has fascinated linguists and bilingual French speakers seeking equivalents of the word in other languages. Because it appears in a variety of discourse contexts, its use and translation into English can be difficult to immediately discern. This study analyzes 84 occurrences of the word in natural language use in social media posts and during conversations from November 2022 to January 2023. We identify five distinct uses of wesh as a discourse marker in French, along with one substantive use. Finally, we propose an updated dictionary entry and provide pedagogical suggestions for instructors. Le mot argot français d'origine arabe, wesh , fascine les linguistes et les locuteurs bilingues du français qui y cherchent un équivalent dans d'autres langues. En raison de sa présence dans divers contextes discursifs, l'utiliser et le traduire en anglais peuvent être difficiles. Cette étude analyse 84 occurrences du mot produites en langue naturelle sur les réseaux sociaux et lors de conversations pendant la période de novembre 2022 à janvier 2023. Nous identifions cinq utilisations distinctes de wesh en tant que marqueur de discours en français, ainsi qu'une utilisation comme substantif. Pour conclure, nous proposons une entrée de dictionnaire plus complète et fournissons des suggestions pédagogiques pour les instructeurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In underground industries, practitioners frequently employ argots to communicate discreetly and evade surveillance by investigative agencies. Proposing an innovative approach using word vectors and large language models, we aim to decipher and understand the myriad of argots in these industries, providing crucial technical support for law enforcement to detect and combat illicit activities. Specifically, positional differences in semantic space distinguish argots, and pre-trained language models' corpora are crucial for interpreting them. Expanding on these concepts, the article assesses the semantic coherence of word vectors in the semantic space based on the concept of information entropy. Simultaneously, we devised a labeled argot dataset, MNGG, and developed an argot recognition framework named CSRMECT, along with an argot interpretation framework called LLMResolve. These frameworks leverage the MECT model, the large language model, prompt engineering, and the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the CSRMECT framework outperforms the current optimal model by 10% in terms of the F1 value for argot recognition on the MNGG dataset, while the LLMResolve framework achieves a 4% higher accuracy in interpretation compared to the current optimal model.The related experiments undertaken also indicate a potential correlation between vector information entropy and model performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze Saudi Arabic slang expressions and examine their subtitling into English. The data utilized in this research consists of slang terms identified in the film titled "The Book of the Sun", available on the streaming platform Netflix, along with their corresponding English translations. This study primarily examines three key dimensions of slang expressions: originality, conciseness, and humor. It also explores the subtitling strategies used to render these slangs and the effectiveness of such strategies. The study's findings indicate that all identified slangs (100%) are created by assigning new meanings to pre-existing established words in a creative way. Some of them are made concise by mapping them into faʕʕala verb template. Additionally, the subtitler has employed specific strategies to convey the intended meaning of these slangs, namely generalization, paraphrase, official equivalent, direct translation, and cultural substitution. However, the study posits that the strategies employed are ineffective in conveying the intended meaning of slang expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on interviews with British passport holders who moved to the United Kingdom to start University, this paper explores slang and accent as sonic spatial identities. The paper analyses the inclusions and exclusions in belonging as articulated by British mobile young people through their sonic spatial identities. In doing so, the paper extends wider conceptual debates on embodied belonging by arguing for a need to further explore the sonic as a register of belonging. It argues that research on sonic spatial identities needs to be more attuned to mobility in order to explore and challenge wider discourses of exclusion. The article concludes by offering suggestions as to how to develop research in belonging and identity on an everyday sonic register. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During adolescence, social relationships become increasingly important. The words teens use with each other become important to identity and group belonging. Teens who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) often have smaller social circles than typically-developing teens and may have limited access to the vocabulary used by their peers. This study aimed to understand more about the types of words used in peer interactions by typically-developing teens and explore their perceptions of how and why word use is important in peer interactions. Direct observation and focus group interviews were undertaken with a sample of 25 teens aged 12–15 years in Perth, Western Australia. Observation data identified frequently used word types, according to Tagliamonte's markers of teen language. Focus group interviews described three key reasons participants viewed word choices as important, highlighting the role of vocabulary in everyday peer interactions. It is vital for speech pathologists and others working with teens who use AAC to understand how teen-specific language is used within each individual's peer group, and the value of this vocabulary in supporting peer relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As stated in the title, the article is devoted to the sociolect of youth, examined in the context of teaching Polish as a foreign, second, and heritage language. In response to the rapidly increasing number of foreign students in Poland's schools and universities, the authors investigated to what extent the indicated variety of Polish language is present in course books intended for this group of learners. The authors discuss the significant features of youth language with references to current research findings. They stress the challenges involved in incorporating such content into glotiodidactic practice. Nevertheless, they deem it necessary due to the socialising function of youth slang and its significance in shaping young people's identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana is the property of Program Studi Magister Linguistik Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[rec. di] F. PERLINI, L’Albertazzi. Dizionario, grammatica storie di slang bolognese in una variante di ballotta, Pendragon, Bologna 2023-2024

The inventiveness of teenagers—including those in West Sumatra—is what leads to the diversity in language usage. Abbreviations and acronyms have a role in the creation of slang. The purpose of this study is to characterize the different types of slang, their definitions, and the variables that affect their usage or emergence. The research employs a descriptive qualitative methodology that involves the use of skilled listening and engagement strategies to collect data, as well as recording and note-taking tools. data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing are the steps in the data analysis process. The results of data analysis show that the use of slang by Gen Z in Padang City has two forms of slang, namely abbreviations and acronyms, slang with a positive meaning is 14 data, in general the slang is an abbreviation of several regional names, while slang with a negative meaning is 15. In general, slang is an abbreviation of the words sarcasm, insults, insults and ridicule. Factors in the use of slang by Gen Z in West Sumatra are social factors, and developments in the times that are increasingly developing, including being considered modern slang, and keeping up with current developments.

The article discusses various approaches to defining the terminological base, the ambiguity of definitions, the lack of clear boundaries and signs of the concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. The notions under study are characterized by way of their reference to communication process circumstances and participants, who are contrasted in their social status, cultural experience, ideological ideas and worldview to other social groups. The article analyzes slang neoformations with the concern for stylistically reduced register of communication as objectifying categories of social exclusion and social inclusion within the framework of youth discourse, which determine the developing vector of both society structure on the whole and social subsystems of the language. The novelty and relevance of the study lie in the use of linguocognitive analysis of authentic material, on the basis of which the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of slang lexical units are differentiated. The regularity in actualization of social exclusion or inclusion is understood in connection with the mechanisms and possibilities of using communicative practices in order to include social groups in social processes. These phenomena are reflected at the lexical level of the language and might contribute to various transformations of social consciousness, increasing language efficiency and its ability to respond to current challenges. It is concluded that modern youth slang is a specific language model that acts as an instrument of social exclusion or inclusion; in communicative practices, it is embodied through pejorative slang nominations thus strategically and tactically forming a negative image and antisocial behavior. The results of the research contribute to further study of the communicative nature of sociolinguistic phenomena, to comparative studies of the discursive construction of socially significant fragments of social reality, and the communicative manifestation of multidirectional social processes that determine the social structure and stratification of society.

Personal worldview can be subjected to linguistic modeling even if the person in question is a fictional character. This research featured the vocabulary invented by the contemporary American writer Dave Eggers for his dystopic dilogy, as well as the role of this fictional language in creating satirical mode. The study involved such methods of cognitive linguistics as component, transformational, and stylistic analyses, analytical description, and semantic fields. The article opens with a review of domestic and foreign publications on the connection between language, social processes, and thinking. The Circle (2013) and The Every (2021) were analyzed for satirical and stylistic devices. The dilogy turned out to be a new type of satire, which combines the postmodern irony and deconstruction with the metamodern openness and optimism. The vocabulary of the future as seen by the author was analyzed for its functions in creating the worldview. Its key features include: neologisms and occasionalisms coined in line with actual word-formation models; contrasting high and low-style vocabulary; euphemisms and modified set phrases. D. Eggers also satirized some real linguistic trends, which, in his opinion, deform the language and affect people’s mind and behavior.

This article examines the pragmatic meaning of the slang lexeme chuvak [dude], primar­ily when used as an address. The study aims to identify the components of this pragmatic meaning that contributed to the resurgence of the lexical unit in the 21st century after a peri­od of usage decline and oblivion. Currently, the word chuvak is an integral part of youth vernacular. The pragmatics of the word chuvak was analysed by methods of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey. It was concluded that within the slang of the 1950s' stilyaga subcul­ture, the term chuvak developed strong associations with American music, particularly jazz, and American culture overall. These associations, alongside other features of the pragmatic component, such as designation as slang, contributed to the re-emergence the word at the end of the 20th century. At the time, the word was extensively used in the Russian dubbing of American films to render the English word 'dude', thus becoming familiar to younger genera­tions.

In the context of the rapidly expanding technological landscape, social media platforms have become arenas for innovative communication. This study focuses on the linguistic strategies employed by Jordanian Twitter users within the framework of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), considering the concept of linguistic economy. The data for this study were derived from 300 tweets, employing digital ethnography for virtual fieldwork. There were a number of 15 users randomly selected for interviews to further understand their language use on Twitter. Employing the descriptive qualitative content analysis, the following linguistic strategies were found in this study, they are Romanized Jordanian Arabic, code-switching, linguistic economy (shortening, contractions, clipping, and acronyms), and slang (repetition, onomatopoeia, cacography, and capitalization). The prevalence of Jordanian Romanized Arabic and strategic code-switching demonstrated users’ adaptability in navigating Twitter’s language. The study highlighted the dominant role of linguistic economy within the 160-character limit, with users employing strategies such as shortening, contractions, clipping, and acronyms. Expressive techniques like repetition, onomatopoeia, cacography, and capitalization were identified as creative ways to convey emotions and attitudinal meanings. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the developing language dynamics on social media, offering insight into the intricate ways users shape communication in the digital age.

This study examines the use of the Sundanese language on the Tiktok account @dikingo69. The interesting thing to study is that there is the use of slang in every conversation. This study aims to examine the form of code mix and its type. The research method used is qualitative by describing the data obtained. The results show that there are two forms of code mix, namely words in the form of acronyms, abbreviations, basic words, forms of morphological interference, non-standard words, contractions, lexeme blends, forms that undergo morphophonemic, and code mix at the phrase level. The types of code mix are inward code mix, between Sundanese, Indonesian, and Javanese, and outward code mix, between Sundanese, English, and Mandarin.

The "osea" generation label censures the abuse of this particle in youth speech and identifies some urban styles: pijos, fresas, sifrinos. In this research, modal and interactive uses are studied in a microdiachrony (1977–2006), to confirm its expansion in the speech of university students in Caracas. In addition, the idiolect with the greatest number of cases is studied positionally and prosodically. The results reveal an increase in modal uses in the 1970s and the maintenance of appellative and epistemic instructions in the 21st century. Finally, the affected pronunciation of o sea operates as a salient index of generational group slang of youth people from Caracas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the diffusion of linguistic change from a case study: the adoption of Spanish tío/tía as a counter-cultural vocatives spreading to youth language over the 70's and 80's (Llopis y Pons 2020). The study is based on a comprehensive corpus, which is interpreted in the light of socio-cultural movements and historical events. To explain this process, it is started from the proposal of diffusion of innovations by Rogers (1962 [2003]) adapted to linguistic change (Labov 1994; Croft 2000; Moreno 1998 [2009]; Blythe y Croft 2012; Nevalainen 2015). It is shown that innovations integrated in cheli slang are part of a complex mosaic of factors, which bring to light certain theoretical issues, such as the cultural factor. It is meant to integrate both sociolinguistic and philological approaches as a strong method to research linguistic change with greater depth and scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to explore the diffusion, and its underlying factors, of the most emblematic vocatives of the Spanish countercultural cheli slang in the decades after the countercultural boom. By adopting an empirical approach, we examine how the leading vocatives from the cheli paradigm (i.e. tío/-a 'dude/girl') have spread in colloquial Spanish over the last fifty years, in contrast with a selection of vocatives marked by a more general meaning and usage (e.g. chico/-a 'boy/girl'). Special attention will be paid to changes in productivity of the analyzed forms. To this end, we analyze data from different corpora of spoken Spanish, namely CORLEC (90s), COLAm (2000s), and CORMA (2016–2019), which represent data from different decades. These corpus data are combined with documentary materials. Results suggest that the semantic features, as well as the expressive power of the vocatives under scrutiny, play a crucial role in their trajectory until recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary contact languages used by Indigenous people in Australia share many words and grammatical features and structures. I trace the development of contact varieties in Australia between 1788 to 1848, arguing that their similarities arise from the dominance of English-speakers among the invaders, their ways of talking to people who did not speak English fluently, the transfer of people between penal settlements, and the fact that sea traffic was the fastest form of travel between colonies. Evidence for zones of influence in which particular features appear is drawn from geographic distribution and time of first attestation. I use four types of reports for locating features: outsiders' reports of direct speech by Aborigines and of outsiders' speech to Aborigines, imitations by outsiders of Aboriginal speech, and outsiders' comments on Aboriginal speech. Another kind of evidence comes from the adoption of contact variety words into Aboriginal languages. This is illustrated with a case study of words for 'white woman' in Aboriginal languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport is considered as a phenomenon of sociocultural space and a sphere of public life, within the framework of which many human qualities are formed and manifested, the formation of a person as a spiritual and physical integrity occurs, and the peculiarities of the linguistic culture of the individual are revealed. Linguistic and cultural research corresponds to the general trend towards the transition from "immanent", structural linguistics to anthropological linguistics, which considers the phenomena of language in close connection with man, his thinking, spiritual and practical activity. The model of the linguoculturological field is presented as a dialectical unity of linguistic and extra-linguistic content (the objective and spiritual world of culture), which constitutes the theoretical basis of sports slang, in which elements of language and culture are correlated and focused. The vocabulary and phrasemics of modern sports slang are characterized by increased expressiveness, the desire to name realities and concepts that are relevant today. The fragility and rapid variability of slang vocabulary lead to an increase in quasi-synonymous relations, when the old unit, although not so actively, is still used, but it has already been replaced by a new one, which reflects the temporary renewal of slang, a change in its lexical composition. The most productive ways of replenishing modern sports slang are affixation, borrowing foreign words with their subsequent grammaticalization and metaphorical transfer. Vocabulary is more susceptible to the influence of extra-linguistic factors, and the development and functioning of the lexical system reflects social changes in society and the characteristics of the subculture. This gives grounds to consider common slang as a cultural and linguistic phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article explores the lexico-stylistic functions of argotisms in the English language. Argotisms, also known as slang or jargon, are informal and specialized vocabularies used within specific social groups or subcultures. The study investigates the ways in which argotisms contribute to the lexical richness, stylistic versatility, and sociolinguistic significance of English. Through a comprehensive analysis of argotisms, the research reveals their role in expanding vocabulary, providing nuanced meanings, and facilitating domain-specific communication. Additionally, the study explores how argotisms enhance expressiveness, contribute to authenticity and realism, and serve as markers of social identity. Furthermore, the research highlights the influence of argotisms on language variation and change, including their impact on grammar, syntax, and semantic shifts within specific social groups. By understanding the lexico-stylistic functions of argotisms, we gain insights into the dynamic nature of language and its relationship with social dynamics and cultural expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The language of literary texts is a complex and multiform phenomenon. One of the problems connected with it is the employment of non-standard linguistic varieties. This paper focuses on the especial situation in Czech culture in the 1950s. In that decade, literary critics and linguists strictly required the use of Standard Czech and the restriction of non-standard varieties in literary texts. On the other hand, various inedited works were written the language of which was based on the so-called Common Czech, colloquialisms and slangs. The main part of the paper describes the language of stories by Jan Zábrana (from the years 1954 to 1957) in relation to the official requirements. Zábrana's stories (published posthumously in the 1990s) represent a radical denying of these requirements. Zábrana depicts spontaneous and informal spoken communication that differs from the idea of cultivated standard expression. Both the figures and the narrator consistently use nonstandard linguistic means and colloquial lexicon (including vulgarisms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "milky puppy" (xiao naigou) gained popularity as a slang term in Chinese cyberspace since 2017, symbolizing a young, endearing, and adorable male figure, much like the perception of a puppy. This phenomenon, influenced by Hallyu 4.0 and the toshishita romantic motif prevalent in Japanese and Korean popular cultures, has led to the emergence of an "older woman-younger man" relationship pattern as a new trend in Chinese digital entertainment, particularly TV dramas. In this context, the younger, "pet" boyfriend is commonly referred to as a "milky puppy." This article investigates the transnational flow and cultural translation of the Pet Man imaginary in East Asia, arguing that the bodily rhetoric of "milky puppy" signifies a Chinese variant of moe culture and represents the commodification of the male body. The article presents critical analyses of two recent Chinese TV dramas within this romantic subgenre, Find Yourself and The Rational Life, and compares them to the South Korean drama Something in the Rain. Through this comparative study, the article aims to identify distinctive Chinese characteristics in the portrayal of pet man masculinity in these dramas. By engaging with feminist and governmentality theories, the study explores how gender dynamics in these dramas negotiate between neoliberal subjectivity and the resilience of patriarchal gender norms in postsocialist China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-method era for English teachers developed as a necessity of the time, as a contra-indicator to the “one-size-fits-all” theory. Consequently, this era is seen as the opposite of the approach and method and requires different parameters in the whole language learning process. Under such circumstances, flexibility and practicality are key issues. This new era would therefore develop new theories of teaching, or a combination of approaches and methods, which would resolve the issues of incompetent language users and linguistic performance i.e. all that the audio-lingual method, for example, failed toaccomplish through drills and repetition. What was actually missing the whole time was the practical usage of the language, in different situations and contexts, outside of the classroom (and a combination of different approaches and methods). Having surrpassed the issue of communicative ability, competence and performance, however, the new era brought with it an even greater challenge: that of communication according to Gen Z and the different varieties that were taught by teachers all over the world. Namely, not only is the English variety an issue- it now includes slang and social media English i.e. a whole new language, which is discovered and used by Gen Z. This paper aims at presenting different factors, different settings and examples which provide evidence that communication nowadys and teaching English is a huge challenge for teachers. A small-case survey with learners of Gen Z is conducted, at two stages and with two different groups, with the aim of comparing not only learner knowledge, but also, the degree to which the words are still present, used and comprehended by them. Namely, the case study ran for two semesters, with different groups of learners, but on the same course. Different words were presented and students were asked to define them and use them in context. Results and the discussion of the findings reveal what is actually the status of learners of English in North Macedonia, the impact of globalization through social media, and a language that is known for the learners more than the actual, formal English that is taught in schools and institutions. The case as soexamines a different challenge, that of slang communication as a new trend in the post-communicative era, with current examples and general knowledge of the issue. The results provide evidence for teachers who have been teaching English their whole lives and who, of course, do not belong to the Gen Z category. Accordingly, effective communication strategies are in conflict with that of what is regarded as trend. The gap of knowledge is greater than one can even imagine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the popularity and frequency of the use it is impossible to make clear and unambiguous definitions to linguistic fashion and a buzzword. The criteria of the buzzword have not been established with sufficient arguments, the reasons for the drift of some words into the category of buzzwords, and others to the loss of this status are not fully understood. Based on the material of modern media discourse the article, to a certain extent, fills in these lacunae and attempts to trace the functional dynamics of words that can be attributed to the fashionable language units of the Russian language of the XXI century. Changes related to the fashion category in many areas of communication, in functional styles and speech genres have been noted. Borrowings (mainly anglicisms) and substandard (jargon and vernacular) are among the sources of buzzwords. There are few cases of transformation of rearchaic elements into buzzwords. The functional dynamics of buzzwords is due to both linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The modern language material presented by media is studied in the article using a descriptive method with elements of linguoculturological and linguopragmatic analysis. A sociolinguistic technique revealing the conditionality of linguistic fashion by social parameters was also used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]