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We present a novel brand valuation method based on conversion ratios. The proposed approach uses brand-related parameters, which are usually accessible, however, the established brand valuation methods have not yet used them. These key parameters include the ability to acquire new customers and retain current customers. We argue that such parameters can be reflected through the cost of reaching new customers and retaining current customers. The method proposed relies on observable inputs, hence, it specifically addresses the limitation of the brand valuation methods defined so far. The method is based on the cost savings reached by the investors who acquire the brand. It can be applied in situations in which brand users reach average to below average results not admitting the application of incomebased approaches. Furthermore, the method is a suitable analytical tool supporting financial executives, analysts, and consultants while identifying contributions made by the brand. We test the concept on a model company within a case study. The method can be also a contribution in terms of the calibration and refinement of the existing approaches and will support both researchers and practitioners to improve the understanding between the already accepted brand valuation methods and novel perspectives on the issue.

The issue of how to price options embedded in callable bonds has attracted a lot of interest over the years. The usual bond valuation methods rely on yield curves, risk premium, and other parameters to estimate interest rates used in discounted cash flow calculations. The option to retire the bond is, however, neglected in the standard pricing models, causing a systematic overvaluation of callable bonds. In the event of a decline in interest rates, investors are exposed to the risk of a lower return on investment than indicated by the yield to maturity. We propose a novel approach to valuing the risk that the issuer will use the right to buy back the bond at a specific call price. While prior models are focused on valuing marketable callable bonds, we deliver a unique approach to valuing bonds with an embedded European option (or a multiple option) that are traded solely through private transactions. These can typically be characterized by the lack of historical records on transaction prices. The modular character of calculation we propose allows us to take into account additional information, such as probable behaviour of the issuer, available opportunities for achieving alternative earnings or different estimates in terms of interest rate development.

Research background: Among academicians, a growing interest in brand valuation methods can be observed since the 1980s, when it became obvious that firms have off-balance sheet assets which have a significant effect on their value. Moreover, in a number of cases. the need to value the brand arises due to the repotting requirements or transactional and other intrafirm reasons. The existing methods used so far have commonly focused on changes in variables such as sale prices, changes in customer behaviour, or sales volumes and very often lead to different results, even when valuing the same brand. We believe that the risk factor has been neglected in these methods. although having a significant impact on the brand valuation. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to formulate an alternative brand valuation approach based on the risk difference. This is defined as the difference between the risk to which a producer with a certain brand is exposed and the risk of the producer without a brand. Methods: Firstly, a set of assumptions was defined concerning the issue what conditions are required to be applied to use the proposed methodological approach. Next, the concept itself is formulated and tested while using the case study approach. Hence, in conditions of a model company, the method was verified with specific data. The results were also compared with the reproduction cost approach. Findings & value added: This paper presents a novel brand valuation method based on the risk difference. Building on a thought experiment, we compare an incumbent with a brand rather than with an average producer, which is a commonly used approach, with a new entrant to the market. We argue that in comparison to existing methods, our methodological approach reduces the number of unobservable inputs in the brand valuation process, and thus increases the accuracy and reliability of its results. Our method supports both researchers and practitioners to establish a better understandi

Bakalářská práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování zdrojů projektu výstavby. Teoretická část obsahuje základní pojmy projektového řízení, plánování zdrojů, plánování nákladů a financování projektu. V praktické části jsem tyto metody aplikoval na výstavbu bytového domu Svitava., Bachelor thesis describes basic concepts and principles of planning of resources for contruction project. The theoretical part includes basic concepts of project management, planning of resources, cost planning and project finance. In the practical part I applied these methods to the construction of apartment house Svitava.

Diplomová práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování kvality projektu výstavby. Teoretická část popisuje obecné řízení kvality a řízení kvality ve stavebním podniku. V praktické části je navržen kontrolní a zkušební plán pro stavbu rodinného domu Skalice., Master thesis describes the basic concepts and principles of planning of the quality of the contruction project. The theoretical part describes the general quality management and quality management in the construction company. In the practical part is created an inspection and test plan for construction of the family house Skalice.

Bakalářská práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování zdrojů projektu výstavby. Teoretická část obsahuje základní pojmy projektového řízení, plánování zdrojů, plánování nákladů a financování projektu. V praktické části jsem tyto metody aplikoval na výstavbu bytového domu Svitava., Bachelor thesis describes basic concepts and principles of planning of resources for contruction project. The theoretical part includes basic concepts of project management, planning of resources, cost planning and project finance. In the practical part I applied these methods to the construction of apartment house Svitava.

Diplomová práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování kvality projektu výstavby. Teoretická část popisuje obecné řízení kvality a řízení kvality ve stavebním podniku. V praktické části je navržen kontrolní a zkušební plán pro stavbu rodinného domu Skalice., Master thesis describes the basic concepts and principles of planning of the quality of the contruction project. The theoretical part describes the general quality management and quality management in the construction company. In the practical part is created an inspection and test plan for construction of the family house Skalice.

Diplomová práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování kvality projektu výstavby. Teoretická část popisuje obecné řízení kvality a řízení kvality ve stavebním podniku. V praktické části je navržen kontrolní a zkušební plán pro stavbu rodinného domu Skalice., Master thesis describes the basic concepts and principles of planning of the quality of the contruction project. The theoretical part describes the general quality management and quality management in the construction company. In the practical part is created an inspection and test plan for construction of the family house Skalice.

Bakalářská práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování zdrojů projektu výstavby. Teoretická část obsahuje základní pojmy projektového řízení, plánování zdrojů, plánování nákladů a financování projektu. V praktické části jsem tyto metody aplikoval na výstavbu bytového domu Svitava., Bachelor thesis describes basic concepts and principles of planning of resources for contruction project. The theoretical part includes basic concepts of project management, planning of resources, cost planning and project finance. In the practical part I applied these methods to the construction of apartment house Svitava.

Bakalářská práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování zdrojů projektu výstavby. Teoretická část obsahuje základní pojmy projektového řízení, plánování zdrojů, plánování nákladů a financování projektu. V praktické části jsem tyto metody aplikoval na výstavbu bytového domu Svitava., Bachelor thesis describes basic concepts and principles of planning of resources for contruction project. The theoretical part includes basic concepts of project management, planning of resources, cost planning and project finance. In the practical part I applied these methods to the construction of apartment house Svitava.

Dvoupodlažní, nepodsklepený rodinný dům s dvojgaráží. Pro zdivo je použit systém KMB SENDWIX L. Pro stropní konstrukci je použit systém KMB MIAKO. Provětrávaná fasáda je s dřevěným obkladem nebo cihelnou předstěnou., Two-storey family house without basement, with double garage and green roof. Walling system KMB SENDWIX L is used for walls. System KMB MIAKO is used for ceiling construction. Fasades with wooden facing or brick veneer wall are ventilated.

Diplomová práce zpracovává projekt čtyřpodlažní, nepodsklepené konstrukce s plochou jednoplášťovou střechou. Pro zdivo je použit zdící systém HELUZ. Pro stropní konstrukce je použit systém SPIROLL. Část dispozice bytových jednotek je tvořena mobilními posuvnými příčkami LIKO-S pro snadnou a rychlou úpravu dispozice. V bytovém domě je devět bytových jednotek., The master's thesis containing four-storey project, basementless apartment house with single skin flat roof. Walling system HELUZ is used for walls. System SPIROLL is used for ceiling construction. Part of the disposition of residential units is formed by mobile sliding partitions Liko-S for easy and quick adjustment of the layout. The apartment house contains nine apartments.

Diplomová práce popisuje základní pojmy a principy plánování kvality projektu výstavby. Teoretická část popisuje obecné řízení kvality a řízení kvality ve stavebním podniku. V praktické části je navržen kontrolní a zkušební plán pro stavbu rodinného domu Skalice., Master thesis describes the basic concepts and principles of planning of the quality of the contruction project. The theoretical part describes the general quality management and quality management in the construction company. In the practical part is created an inspection and test plan for construction of the family house Skalice.