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The prevalence of self-harm, specifically among emerging adults, has been on the rise. However, most studies focus on suicide and less on NSSI, especially that of senior high school and college students. Moreover, developing countries have minimal studies on NSSI (Costa et al., 2021). Cognizant of the dangers NSSI can pose to students' well-being, this study sought to discover the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and disengagement coping among 364 students from recollect Universities. The survey instruments used were the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT) and the Coping Strategies Inventory to measure NSSI and disengagement coping, respectively. The study employed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test to determine necessary data measures and assess the normality of the variables, wherein weighted means were used to determine the level of non-suicidal selfinjury and disengagement coping. On the other hand, Spearman's rank correlation assessed their relationship. Results show low NSSI behavior among the participants across sex, ordinal position, and family structure. Disengagement coping is moderate across demographics except for students in a family structure with a single parent. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a positive moderate correlation between NSSI and disengagement coping. The reasons why students living with a single-parent family structure have high levels of disengagement coping were also discussed. Thus, improved student services using a multi-pronged approach is recommended, which may include the administration's increased awareness initiatives as well as preventive policies and strengthening teachers' and counselors' involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health issues in adulthood often start in childhood, so it's important to identify these issues early and find ways to manage them. To our knowledge, no study was found that evaluated the long-term effects of language nursing intervention on mental health in children with poor language skills. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of a language nursing intervention on the mental health of children with poor language skills. Methods: We estimated poor language skills prevalence in 3-4-year-old children who were planning to enter kindergartens in Hunan, China. After selecting these children, we divided them into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a nursing intervention related to language skills for eight months. After eight months, the language skills of both groups were re-evaluated. Then, in the follow-up evaluation, the mental health of these children was evaluated at the ages of 9–10 years. Univariate and multivariate regression models adjusted with sampling weights were used to estimate the correlation of mental health and risk factors. Results: The language skills of the experimental group increased significantly compared to before the protocol (from 87.4±10.87 to 98.08±7.13; p = 0.001). At the end of the eight-month nursing intervention, the language skills of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (98.08±7.13 in experimental group and 87.51±9.59 in control group; p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, single-parent family and not participating in the nursing protocol related to language skills at the age of 3–4 years were related to high symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (single-parent family: for depression symptoms, OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.88–1.42; for stress symptoms, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.79–2.74 and for anxiety symptoms, OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.97–2.44; not participating in the nursing protocol related to language skills at the age of 3–4 years: for depression symptoms, OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.80–5.19; for stress symptoms, OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.23–2.01 and for anxiety symptoms, OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.51–3.77; p<0.05). Conclusion: The current study showed the effectiveness of this intervention on both language skills and mental health of children with poor language skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the Thai family has shifted from the traditional family to families of various forms, such as single-parent families, same-sex families, skipped-generation families, and one-person households, which affects not only mental health, but future relationships of the children. This research aimed to analyze the factors that contribute to family strengths in the context of Generation Alpha and develop a measurement model tailored to a Thai context. The sample consisted of parents and caregivers of Generation Alpha, divided into two sections, with 521 participants for exploratory factor analysis and 508 participants for confirmatory factor analysis. Using stratified random sampling, data were collected via questionnaires distributed across four regions of Thailand. The discrimination index ranged from 0.280–0.896, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.952. The results revealed a measurement model consisting of five key factors contributing to family strengths. The factor with the highest score was positive relationships, with a factor loading of 0.92. Additional factors included technology and media literacy, parental roles, good attributes, and mental immunity, with a factor loading of 0.80, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.44, respectively. The measurement model of family strengths for Generation Alpha in the Thai context was found to be consistent with the empirical data. These findings suggest that understanding these family strengths can significantly enhance the well-being of both Generation Alpha and their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous studies have established the association between parental marital status and mental health problems in adolescents, however, the adverse effects of incomplete family settings and childhood maltreatment on adolescent anxiety symptoms have not been fully investigated. Moreover, whether childhood maltreatment can mediate the relationship between parental marital status and anxiety symptoms remains unclear. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed among 35,573 adolescents in elementary schools across 17 provinces in China. And childhood maltreatment, resilience, and anxiety symptoms were assessed among adolescents, respectively. The parental marital status was self-reported as having two married biological parents, divorced parents, stepparents, and single-parent. We found that the rates of anxiety symptoms among adolescents were 35.1% in intact families, 48.8% in divorced families, 49% in stepparent families, and 48% in single-parent families. Divorced parents (aOR = 1.191, 95% CI [1.060–1.337]) was an independent risk factor for adolescents' anxiety symptom while having stepparents and single-parent were not. In addition, emotional abuse (aOR = 1.300, 95% CI [1.285–1.316]), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.088, 95% CI [1.063–1.114]), and physical neglect (aOR = 1.019, 95% CI [1.007–1.031]) were all independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms in adolescents, while physical abuse and emotional neglect were not. The negative impacts of divorced and remarried parents on adolescent anxiety symptoms were mediated by childhood maltreatment partially (64.9% and 72.2%), while childhood maltreatment completely mediated the adverse impacts of single-parent on adolescent anxiety symptoms. Childhood maltreatment intervention strategies could be necessary for anxiety symptoms of adolescents in divorced/stepparent/single-parent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the predictive ability of individual Caries Risk Assessments (CRA) regarding oral factors supplemented with social factors in relation to caries outcome in preschool children. Furthermore, to assess various models of CRA with oral and social factors included, aiming to identify the most suitable models for different age groups. Methods: The design is a retrospective registry-based cohort study. Children visiting the dentists at ages 3 and 6 years were included. Data on oral and social factors were obtained from dental records, the Swedish Quality register for caries and periodontitis (SKaPa), and Statistics Sweden (SCB). Various models of CRA were designed, combining oral and social factors. Models were analyzed with univariable associations using simple logistic regression, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs). In addition, models were analyzed with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons were conducted by DeLong's test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Result: Oral factors were the most significant for caries outcome (OR 9.6), followed by social factors: foreign background (OR 4.6), low income (OR 2.83), low education of the mother (OR 2.77), single-parent family (OR 2.11), and having ≥ 3 siblings (OR 1.71), (p < 0.01). The predictive ability of CRA improved when models combining oral and social factors were used, compaired to CRA based solely on oral factors (p < 0.05). An increase of up to 15% was seen when CRA was conducted closer to the outcome. Conclusion: Models for Caries Risk Assessment including oral and social factors increase the predictive ability. Caries Risk Assessment has limited durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to develop a psycho-emotional empowerment training package based on the lived experiences of single-parent adolescent boys and to examine its effectiveness on parent-child interaction. Methods and Materials: The research method was qualitative, phenomenological-descriptive, and the method for the quantitative part was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included single-parent adolescent boys studying in the first secondary school level in Abadeh city during the 2023-2022 academic year. The qualitative sample consisted of 15 single-parent adolescent boys selected through purposive sampling and subjected to in-depth interviews. The quantitative sample included 35 single-parent adolescent boys selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 adolescents in the experimental group and 17 adolescents in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received the psycho-emotional empowerment training package over 10 weeks in 10 90-minute sessions. The pre-test was conducted before the intervention, the post-test was conducted after the intervention, and the follow-up phase was conducted two months later. The questionnaire used in this study was the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (Fine, Moreland, & Schwebel, 1983). Data obtained from the study were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that the psycho-emotional empowerment training package had sufficient content validity according to experts. Additionally, this training package had an impact on parent-child interaction (P<0.001; Eta=0.64; F=56.98) among single-parent adolescent boys. Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the psychoemotional empowerment training package, by creating emotional competencies, gaining competence, autonomy, effectiveness, and establishing connections with others, empathy, and kind behavior towards others, can be used as an effective method to improve parent-child interaction in single-parent adolescent boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion This study examined trends in child support receipt and regularity in the U.S. from 1996 to 2018, as well as whether inequality in these child support outcomes has grown by mothers' education, marital status, and race.Child support from noncustodial fathers is an important income source for custodial mothers. Yet, many custodial mothers do not receive any child support or receive irregular payments. Demographic, economic, and policy changes over the past 20 years suggest custodial mothers' child support receipt, and especially regular receipt, may be declining, particularly among socioeconomically‐disadvantaged mothers.Using nationally‐representative data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study describes trends in child support receipt and regularity among custodial mothers (N = 11,456). Regression models were used to examine maternal and household characteristics associated with child support receipt and regularity and to examine how gaps in child support receipt and regularity by maternal characteristics have changed over time.Child support receipt and regularity declined by nearly 30% between 1996 and 2018. Any receipt, and especially regular receipt, declined by a larger margin for less‐educated and never married mothers relative to higher‐educated and married mothers, respectively.Growing gaps in child support receipt and regularity by mothers' education and marital status likely contribute to economic inequality, highlighting the need for reforms in child support policy and the social safety net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firearm injuries (FIs) are the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. In this study, we aim to define evolving trends and avenues for prevention. Following institutional review board approval, medical records of patients presenting to our two State-Designated Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centers for treatment of FIs from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data was analyzed with Chi-Squared and Student's t -test; P -value <0.05 was significant. 1037 FI encounters from 1005 unique patients aged 0-21 y were included. 70.4% (n = 730) were determined to be assaults, 26.1% (n = 271) unintentional, and 1.7% (n = 18) self-inflicted injuries. Overall mortality was 4.5% (n = 45). FI victims were most commonly African American (n = 836, 80.6%), male (n = 869, 83.8%), aged 13-17 (n = 753, 72.6%), and from single-parent families (n = 647, 62.4%). The incidence of FIs increased significantly over the last 5 y of the study (2010-2014, 6.8 FIs/month), compared to 2015-2019 (averaging 10.6 FIs/month, P < 0.0001). Concurrently, FI related fatality increased from an average of 2.6 deaths/year (2010-2014) to 6.4 deaths/year (2015-2019, P = 0.064). Results were subanalyzed for pediatric patients aged 0-14 y. For the entire cohort, 12.1% (n = 116) recidivists were identified. Geographic patterns of injury were identified, with 75% of all FIs clustered in a single urban region. Incidence of pediatric FIs is increasing in recent years, with high mortality rates. Violence and recidivism are geographically concentrated, offering an opportunity for targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of family, school, and community (FSC) engagement in teacher education and its impact on student outcomes. It highlights the lack of focus on preparing educators for family engagement and the limited opportunities for educators to practice and learn about family engagement throughout their careers. The article presents a special issue that explores innovative practices and challenges in FSC engagement, including competency-based frameworks, community-based teacher education, and the role of indigenous communities. It emphasizes the need for systemic support and the integration of family engagement strategies in teacher education programs to achieve equity, social justice, and improved student outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Changes in family structure (e.g., parental separation or stepfamily formation) are associated with a deterioration in children's well-being. Most researchers have focused on the impact of such changes on children's educational and psychosocial outcomes, whereas the effects on children's biological processes have been studied less often. We analyze the effects of changes in family structure on children's stress levels using data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents study (2003–2006 and 2014–2017). Our outcome variable is the biomarker c-reactive protein (CRP), which correlates with psychological distress and is collected from blood samples. Calculating first-difference estimators, we analyze whether children have higher CRP levels after changing to (1) single-parent families (n = 117) or (2) stepfamilies (n = 80). Our findings suggest that changing to a single-parent family significantly increases children's stress, whereas changing to a stepfamily does not. These observations are important because increased stress in childhood can negatively affect well-being later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Are donor-conceived adults in Belgium interested in obtaining donor information, and do these interests vary based on their family backgrounds? SUMMARY ANSWER Donor-conceived adults express a significant interest in obtaining donor-related information, with the highest interest reported by offspring from heterosexual couples compared to those from lesbian couple-parented or single-parent families. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In Belgium, sperm donation is mainly anonymous, but the rise of direct-to-consumer genetic testing challenges this anonymity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a cross-sectional study involving an online nationwide survey conducted from July 2022 to October 2023. Participants, aged 18 years and older and being aware of their anonymous sperm donor-conceived status, were recruited through various channels. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 203 participants were included: 62.6% grew up in heterosexual families with infertile fathers, 26.1% with lesbian couples, 8.4% with single parents, and 3.0% in various or diverse family structures. The survey was available in both French and Dutch and consisted of 43 questions, including a mix of yes/no questions and multiple-choice items. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The average age of disclosure was 16.5 years, with notably later disclosure in heterosexual couple-parented households. A substantial 82.8% of donor-conceived individuals expressed a keen interest in obtaining non-personally identifiable donor information, while 69% were curious about personally identifiable donor data. Furthermore, 61.6% conveyed a desire for personal contact with their donors, and 26.6% advocated for the inclusion of the donor's name on their birth certificates. Participants raised in lesbian two-parent families exhibited the lowest level of interest in donor-related information compared with those raised in other family structures. An overwhelming 90.1% wondered about the possibility of having half-siblings from the same sperm donor. Analysis of survey responses on DNA database registration revealed that 55.2% of donor-conceived offspring were already registered, with 68.8% discovering the same donor offspring and 30.4% successfully locating their donors. Compared to individuals from other family structures, those raised in heterosexual couple-parented households exhibit a less positive attitude toward their conception through anonymous sperm donation. About 61.6% of donor-conceived individuals reported experiencing distinct emotions compared to their peers, while 44.1% encountered psychological difficulties related to anonymous sperm donation, primarily attributed to late disclosure. The majority supported the idea of informing the donor about the number of children he facilitated to conceive. Lastly, the study highlighted that 21.2% of donor-conceived adults considered becoming donors themselves, and 31.3% expressed willingness to use an anonymous donor whenever faced with fertility challenges. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our sample size may not fully represent all adults conceived through anonymous sperm donation in Belgium. Participation bias may have influenced the results, especially due to the overrepresentation of participants from heterosexual couples. Additionally, an association exists between individuals raised by heterosexual couples and late disclosure, complicating the analysis by introducing a confounding factor. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the needs and preferences of donor-conceived adults, with significant potential impact on patient education and healthcare policy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Study funding was not obtained for this research. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Single-parent households have been the interest of policy since the 1990s in the Taiwanese context. As the impacts of the existing support to single-parent households remains unclear, this research is aimed at empirically comparing the distributional effects of policies on two-parent families and single-parent families with children, with the factors of gender, employment status and co-residence of the head of household being taken into account. Using data from Survey of Family Income and Expenditure for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019, the findings show that the economic gap between two-parent and single-parent families is growing. There have been clear signs of poverty mitigation for two-parent and single-parent families, showing that a general redistributive policy in Taiwan has been pursued to address poverty reduction for all families, but favour single-parent families. Based on the findings, policy suggestions are made regarding how to address single-parent families' financial wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of social-economic and other aspects of the life of single-parent families and of the influence of family structure on the success of children socialization remains relevant. The article aims at the analysis of the scientific discourse on single-parent families and social practices of single motherhood and fatherhood based on the Russian PhD theses defended from 2003 to 2023. The authors also used their PhD research data for a ten-year period (since 2012). The source of data was the Dissertation Fund of the Russian State Library (RSL). A total of 12 PhD theses in sociology, with the object and/or issues directly related to singleparent families, were identified and analyzed. Theses were classified according to the following parameters: specialty code (according to the Higher Attestation Commission List), year, city and organization of defense, methods and directions of research. The authors note that the issues under study turned out to be quite peripheral for sociology, since the number of defenses has decreased after 2013, and no doctoral theses have been defended for twenty years. Most theses were prepared in the specialty “Social structure, social institutions and processes” and defended in universities (not scientific organizations). As a rule, theses are based on traditional sociological methods to collect and analyze data and rarely use the capabilities of digital platforms and technologies. Most theses emphasize social risks and vulnerabilities of singleparent families. The authors believe that special longitudinal studies are needed to study the life chances, social mobility and economic success of children from families of different structural types and to analyze the lives of single mothers and fathers. Moreover, Russian theses do not sufficiently study the issues of mental and physical health of single mothers and fathers, parentchild relationships and economic status of single-parent families.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 2010s, new family benefits were introduced in Hungary, focusing on large families to halt population decline. However, poverty reduction became sidelined, as these schemes benefited higher‐income earners. Based on poverty statistics, the article investigates how two family types associated with a higher risk of poverty—large families and single‐parent families—fare under this new selective pronatalist system. Furthermore, based on new representative national survey data, the article explores public support for the reforms. Although the income poverty rate for large families significantly decreased during the 2010s, it remained persistently high for single‐parent families, especially large single‐parent families. The findings indicate strong public support for state assistance to large, single‐parent and poor families and state pronatalism. However, the public prioritises support for poor, single‐parent families. This underscores a partial mismatch between public attitudes and government policy. Nonetheless, this policy probably secured public legitimacy, chiefly due to the general support for state pronatalism and large families, which were vigorously implemented in family policies, albeit selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the political conditions in Ireland as of July 2024. Topics mentioned include the inclusion of same-sex marriage in the constitution in 2015, the elimination of the right to life of the unborn from the constitution in 2018, the main reason of abortion under the law passed in January 2019 and the recognition of durable relationships in the constitution to acknowledge the family diversity.

Although gender ideologies influence many outcomes, research shows they often fluctuate across the life course. Family structure transitions are one mechanism through which gender ideologies change. Divorced and single adults report more egalitarian ideologies than stably married adults. Little research has examined whether children in these families experience similar gender ideologies. Based on parental role modeling, we would expect children in non-traditional families to exhibit more egalitarian gender ideologies. We examine family structure and youth gender ideologies in two contexts, essentially two case studies: Germany and South Korea. Using Starting Cohort 3—Grade 5 (N = 4,021) and Starting Cohort 4—Grade 9 (N = 9,913) of the Germany National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and Cohorts 1 (N = 2,844) and 2 (N = 3,449) of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS), we uncover counterintuitive findings that youth gender ideologies do not vary across family structures. Child gender is the most salient predictor of gender ideologies across contexts. Plain Language Summary: Little research has examined whether children experience more egalitarian or less egalitarian gender based beliefs across various family structures, including step-families, single parent families, and two parent families. Based on parental role modeling, we would expect children in non-traditional families to exhibit more egalitarian gender beliefs. We examine family structure and youth gender ideologies in two contexts: Germany (NEPS) and South Korea (KYPS). Using Starting Cohort 3—Grade 5 (N = 4,021) and Starting Cohort 4—Grade 9 (N = 9,913) of the Germany National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and Cohorts 1 (N = 2,844) and 2 (N = 3,449) of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS), we uncover counterintuitive findings that youth gender ideologies do not vary across family structures, but that it is the youth's gender that is the most important predictor of a youth's gender beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a psychological-emotional empowerment educational package based on the lived experiences of single-parent male adolescents and subsequently test its effectiveness on their cognitive fusion. Methods: The research method was qualitative, employing a phenomenological-descriptive approach, while the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design, a control group, and a twomonth follow-up period. The statistical population included male teenagers from single-parent families in the first period of secondary school in Abadeh city in 2022-2023. In the qualitative part, 15 single-parent male adolescents were purposefully selected and subjected to in-depth interviews. In the quantitative part, 35 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental and 17 in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received the psychological-emotional empowerment training package over ten weeks in ten 90-minute sessions. A pre-test was performed before the intervention, a post-test after the intervention, and a follow-up phase two months later. The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders et al., 2014) was used in this study. The data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni test via SPSS23 software. Results: According to experts, the results showed that the psychologicalemotional empowerment training package has sufficient content validity. Additionally, this training package impacted the cognitive fusion (P<0.0001; Eta=0.66; F=63.41) of single-parent male adolescents. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that a training package of psychological-emotional empowerment, by fostering emotional competencies, gaining competence, autonomy, effectiveness, communication with others, empathy, and kind behavior towards others, can be an effective method to decrease cognitive fusion in single-parent male adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high prevalence and addictive features of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents have been documented, but the role of addictive features in the process from NSSI functions to behaviour remains unclear. The major aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addictive features on NSSI functions and the severity of repeated NSSI. A total of 10,781 students from primary and middle schools in Chengdu and Karamay were invited to participate in the online cross-sectional survey, and 10,501 completed the survey. Two self-report questionnaires, the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) and the Adolescent Self-Harm Scale (ASHS), were used to collect data from all participants. Among the students, 23.45% and 6.64% reported having engaged in NSSI at least once or at least five times in the past year. Being a girl, being an only child, and being in a single-parent family were significantly associated with more severe NSSI. Addictive features have high value for predicting repeated NSSI. In addition to their significant independent/direct additive effects, addictive features mediated and moderated the relationship between NSSI functions and increased severity of NSSI in adolescents. The findings suggest that addictive features play a critical role in the development of repeated NSSI in adolescents, which indicates that addiction models may partially explain the mechanism underlying increased severity of NSSI. This may enhance understanding of the reasons for repeated NSSI and inform interventions for repeated NSSI among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family structures are diverse, with single-parent families being special. Single-parent families have garnered interest regarding their impact on their children's development in relation to gender roles and social adaptation. This study investigated 532 children from single-parent families (mean age = 14.81, SD = 1.62) and their parents. We collected data on the parental child-rearing gender role attitudes (PCGAs) of grandparents and parents, as well as the gender role and social adaptation of the children. The results revealed four intergenerational trends in PCGAs: progression between generations, undesirability in both generations, desirability in both generations, and retrogression between generations. An ANOVA showed that families with intergenerational desirability tended to have children with the highest gender role and social adaptation scores among the four intergenerational trends, while families with intergenerational undesirability had the lowest. A relative mediation analysis showed that compared to intergenerational undesirable PCGAs, intergenerational progress and intergenerational desirable PCGAs are beneficial for children's gender traits, and their social adaptation development is also better. The results confirm the positive effect of children's gender roles on their social adaptation, which suggests that parents should pay attention to children's gender role education, transform their PCGAs, and create a nurturing environment for children's gender role development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents living with single parents are prone to behavioral and psychological difficulties and experience a poor sense of well-being. Also, the period of adolescence is critical for the development of an individual in multiple aspects; it is important to focus on their well-being and associated factors for a better transition into adulthood. Aim: This study aims to find the mediating role of social competence and emotion regulation on the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being among single-parent adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study sample was 385 adolescents residing in Kerala (179 boys and 206 girls, mean age = 15.03, SD = 1.45). A total of 185 participants (48.1%) were from families that lost either of their parents to death, and the other 200 participants (51.9%) were from divorced or separated families. Self-reported measures for resilience, social competence, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being were used for data collection. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS and AMOS version 24. Results: The results showed that resilience, the prosocial behavior dimension of social competence, and the cognitive reappraisal dimension of emotion regulation indicate significant positive associations with the psychological well-being of adolescents living in single-parent families. The expressive suppression dimension of emotion regulation and the antisocial behavior dimension of social competence have a substantial negative connection with the psychological well-being of adolescents raised by single parents. The findings suggest that resilience directly predicts psychological well-being; prosocial behavior and cognitive reappraisal partially mediate the association of resilience and psychological well-being. Conclusion: According to our findings in this study, developing social competence skills and adaptive emotion regulation strategies can improve the psychological well-being of adolescents living with single parents. The results have multiple clinical, educational, and community implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social welfare scholarship has not paid adequate attention to the phenomenon of single-parent women in Asia, especially in terms of their economic and social vulnerabilities. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by women who are single parents to secure their families from socioeconomic issues. It also delves into the experiences and viewpoints of families regarding the social institutions they turn to for assistance during times of hardship – whether it be the state, market, or informal networks. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected through 33 semi-structured interviews, with informants selected using the purposive sampling technique in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from February 2023 to July 2023. This number was obtained based on informants who were included in the criteria the researchers determined, which included "being a female single parent" and "being over the age of 17," which is the minimum age for Indonesians to marry. Others included "having dependents to support, be they children and/or the respondent's family" and occupying the main role as "household head" – all of which defined whether someone belongs to the "vulnerable group." Findings: The study highlights the significance of informal support for single mothers facing economic hardship. Still, overreliance on it can lead to concerns about the sustainability of the everyday social safety net they receive. Social exclusion is also problematic due to societal assumptions about divorce and widowhood. The last highlight is how 'deskilling' among single parents has complicated the challenges women face to re-enter the workforce. Originality/value: This study's outcomes provide crucial insights into analyzing the patterns of single-parent families in Indonesia and serve as a framework for further research on the resilience of single parents in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of universal scales for tracking ADHD symptoms in the home for children/adolescents in the Sudanese context. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the ADHD Rating Scale--5 for Children and Adolescents, Home Version for use by parents in Sudan to assess their children for ADHD. This scale is widely used by parents to assess their children aged 5-17 years for ADHD in the home environment. The current study involved 3,742 Sudanese parents of school-aged children and adolescents, each asked to complete the instrument for one child in their family; only one parent per family participated in the study. The authors then examined the psychometric properties of the scale from the completed assessments. The results indicated acceptable to high reliability for the total scale and both the symptom and impairment items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated high external and construct validity when applying the scale to the Sudanese sample. the factor structure resembled that of the normative U.S. sample in terms of the number of extractable factors and the strength of factor loadings. Based on the results, this adaptation of the home version of the ADHD Scale--5 for Children and Adolescents is both valid and reliable for use by Sudanese parents in the home environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is the second in a series of State of Families (SoF) project data reports to be published throughout Volume 60 (2024) of Marriage and Family Review (MFR). MFR partnered with the Statistical Consulting Center at Miami University to systematically analyze the conditional state of U.S. families and family life across diverse contexts. This inaugural report focuses on U.S. White alone (non-Hispanic) families (with and without children under 18 years of age) in the United States, examining changes in family structure and poverty levels over time (1967–2022). Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we explore trends in married-couple families, single-parent families, cohabiting households, and other family types within the demographic category of White alone (non-Hispanic) population. Additionally, we investigate the dynamics of poverty among different family structures within this group. The report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of White alone (non-Hispanic) families in the context of broader societal shifts and economic realities in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root shock is a predictable consequence of several sets of social policies in Ireland. This paper will look at how root shock is used to discipline one-parent families and people seeking asylum in Ireland. Changes to benefits and housing systems since the global economic crisis of 2008 has seen one-parent families suffer the most intense root shock through deprivation and homelessness. People seeking asylum have already suffered the most awful root shock while experiencing racism and suspicion from the Irish state, limiting their integration and overall safety. While the Irish state continues to fail to support either group, divisions deepen. The consequences of root shock have created the space for a politics of hate, which pits people seeking refuge against homeless one-parent families and allowed the far right in Ireland to weaponize the housing crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information about May Incledon, the aunt of J.R.R. Tolkien, and her significant role in his life. May and her sister Mabel converted to Catholicism, which influenced Tolkien's upbringing. May acted as a substitute mother for Tolkien and supported him financially. The document explores the social and financial standing of the Incledon family and their possible contribution to Tolkien's works. It also discusses the dynamics and beliefs of the Incledon family and their influence on Tolkien. The text highlights the connections between Tolkien's personal life and his writings, including his cousin Mary Incledon's influence on his work. The document suggests that further research into May Incledon and her family will reveal new insights into Tolkien's life and work. [Extracted from the article]

The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) system is important in providing resources to children who live apart from one of their parents, particularly in poor households. The current system reduces child poverty, promotes parental responsibility, and is a convenience for many families. However, there are ongoing debates and areas of disagreement regarding the system. Some key issues include determining child support order amounts, especially for low-income nonresident parents, and addressing challenges in cases where nonresident parents are marginally employed. There is also debate about whether child support should be used for cost recovery or solely to benefit children, as well as whether cooperation with the CSE system should be mandatory or voluntary. It is important for policymakers to consider these issues and make reforms that are feasible and beneficial for families. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract This study examines the relationship between growing up in single-parent families and school absence in Andalusia (Spain), considering differences according to adolescents’ social background. Empirical analyses of data from the Social Survey 2010: Education and Housing show that adolescents growing up in single-parent families have, on average, a higher number of school absences than their peers in two-parent families. These disadvantages are greater for adolescents with low social backgrounds, regardless of whether this is measured by parental education or housing tenure. Both economic resources (lower household income) and social resources (poor relationship with absent parent) partially explain the differences in school absence rates amongst adolescents growing up in single-parent families. School environment (teacher–student relationship, atmosphere amongst students, experiences of school violence or ownership of educational institution) are not influential in explaining educational disadvantage amongst adolescents from different family structures, although they are strong predictors of school absence.

Background: The left-behind children (LBC), children and adolescents aged 0–18 whose parents have migrated for economic purposes for extended periods exceeding three months, present a unique social concern. These children remain in their place of household registration, often under the guardianship of relatives, while receiving compulsory education. LBC with growing Internet addiction (IA) have made it urgent to take a close look at the mechanisms and effective interventions for them. Anxiety has been proven to be correlated with IA in adolescents; however, the mechanisms of addiction in this population are less well-fully grasped. Based on the current theories and empirical results, the study examined whether and how social support (SS) and family types moderated the associations between anxiety and IA among left-behind secondary students. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling survey. A questionnaire was administered to 5290 secondary school children (2553 classified as left-behind) to explore the relationships between anxiety, IA, left-behind types, family types, and social support. This cross-sectional study employed a stratified cluster sampling survey of students in the ethnic areas of southeast Chongqing. The study sought to appraise the relationships between anxiety and IA in different types of left-behind children and to assess the potential moderating effect of SS on the relationship among the population and its family types differences. Results: The relationship between anxiety and IA was moderated significantly by social support and family types. Notably, the impact of social support on the moderating effect between IA and anxiety varied among students from both family types. For students from families where both parents had migrated, social support weakened the association between IA and anxiety. Conversely, for students from single-parent families where the parent had migrated, social support seemed to strengthen the relationships between these two issues. Conclusions: The moderating effects of SS on the relationship between anxiety and IA differs based on family type among various groups of left-behind secondary students. Gaining insights into the IA mechanisms can guide the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at minimizing IA among diverse groups of left-behind students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between growing up in single-parent families and school absence in Andalusia (Spain), considering differences according to adolescents' social background. Empirical analyses of data from the Social Survey 2010: Education and Housing show that adolescents growing up in single-parent families have, on average, a higher number of school absences than their peers in two-parent families. These disadvantages are greater for adolescents with low social backgrounds, regardless of whether this is measured by parental education or housing tenure. Both economic resources (lower household income) and social resources (poor relationship with absent parent) partially explain the differences in school absence rates amongst adolescents growing up in single-parent families. School environment (teacher–student relationship, atmosphere amongst students, experiences of school violence or ownership of educational institution) are not influential in explaining educational disadvantage amongst adolescents from different family structures, although they are strong predictors of school absence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the prevalence and annual change trend of Internet addiction among students aged 11 and 22 in Inner Mongolia in 2019 and 2021, and to explore the influencing factors of Internet addiction behavior, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention of Internet addiction among students. Methods Students were selected from 12 cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by stratified cluster random sampling. Internet addiction disorder was determined according to the items of "surveillance and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students in China". Logistic regression method was used to analyze the relationship between Internet addiction and behavioral factors. Results The prevalence of Internet addiction among students aged 11 to 22 years in Inner Mongolia in 2019 was 1.92%, 2.50%, and 2.21%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that vocational high school (OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.083-1.675), single parent family (OR=1.279, 95% CI: 1.090-1.500), reconstituted family (OR=1326, 95% CI: 1.041-1.690), bullying (OR=1.755, 95% CI: 1.443-2.135), depression (OR=3.557, 95% CI: 3.146-4.021), fighting (OR=3.374, 95% CI: 2.512-4.531), sugary drinks (OR=2.182. 95% CI:1.753-2.716), and eating fried food (OR=2.398, 95% CI: 1.908-3.014) were the risk factor of Internet addiction. Outdoor activities for 2 hours (OR= 0.620, 95% CI: 0.530-0.726), non-smoking (OR=0.553, 95% CI: 0.476-0.643), and non-drinking (OR=0.581, 95% CI: 0.507-0.666) were the protective factors of Internet addiction. Conclusion The current situation of Internet addiction among students in Inner Mongolia is not optimistic. Attention should be paid to bullying, depression, reconstituted families, fighting students, and vocational high school students. Outdoor activities for 1 to 2 hours a day, reducing the intake of sugary drinks and fried foods, and no smoking and drinking can effectively reduce the incidence of Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multilingual families and their use of heritage languages. It discusses how lockdowns provided opportunities for increased exposure to family languages and the challenges faced in maintaining language learning outside of the home. The article also highlights the role of parents in facilitating online language instruction and the fears and guilt they experienced regarding their children's language development. It emphasizes the importance of considering children's age and parent proficiency in heritage language use and acknowledges the need for more research on diverse household structures and lower socioeconomic status families. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of sustainable multilingualism and supporting families in their language learning efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The development of children's gender roles in single-parent families is worthy of attention. It may be affected by family members' gender roles and parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (PCGA). PCGA will form a consistent or inconsistent intergenerational relationship between parents and children. Objective: This study examined the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA. Also, the intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (ITPCGA) in single-parent families, and the impact of various family factors on children's gender roles were comprehensively considered. Method: Participants were 550 single-parent parent-adolescent dyads. The Gender-role Scale and the Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitude Scale were used to evaluate participants' gender-role and PCGA. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA, and the influencing family factors of ITPCGA and children's gender roles. Results: The intergenerational similarities of gender role types and PCGA types existed. Both parents' gender roles and family gender pairs affected ITPCGA, father-daughter families and parents' undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted undesirable ITPCGA. Family gender pair, parent's gender roles and ITPCGA types affected children's gender roles. Undesirable ITPCGA significantly predicted children's undifferentiated gender roles; father-daughter families and mother-son families, parents' undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted children's sex-typed gender roles, and mother-son families and parents' reversed gender roles significantly predicted children's reversed gender role. Conclusions: This study highlights the effects of single-parent family gender pairs and parents' gender roles on ITPCGA, which influences the development of children's gender roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a public health issue and a main cause of mortality among adolescents and the youth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: The present research is a systematic review aiming to investigate the spatial, geographical, and demographic factors related to suicide among adolescents and the youth. Methods: In this systematic review, two researchers examined PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases on December 7th, 2022 with no time limits from the beginning of publication until 2022 to identify the primary studies on spatial and geographic analysis on adolescent and youth suicides. Once duplicate studies were identified and removed, the titles and abstracts of studies were examined and irrelevant studies were also removed. Finally, 22 studies were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Our findings show that suicide rates are generally higher among men, residents of rural and less densely populated regions, coastal and mountainous regions, natives, 15-29 age group, less privileged populations with social fragmentation, unemployed, divorced or lonely people, those who live in single parent families, people with mental health issues, and those with low levels of education. Conclusions: Stronger evidence supports the effects of geographic and demographic variables on youth and adolescent suicide rates as compared with spatial variables. These findings suggest that policy makers take spatial and demographic factors into consideration when health systems allocate resources for suicide prevention, and that national policymakers integrate demographic and geographic variables into health service programs. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023430994. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In legal cannabis markets, the distribution of retail stores has the potential to influence transitions from illegal to legal sources as well as consumer patterns of use. The current study examined the distribution of legal cannabis stores in Canada according to level of neighbourhood deprivation. Methods: Postal code data for all legal cannabis stores in Canada were collected from government websites from October 2018 to September 2021. This data was linked to the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec measures for material and social neighbourhood deprivation. Descriptive data are reported, including differences across provinces with different retail systems. Results: At the national level, there were approximately 8.0 retail cannabis stores per 100,000 individuals age 15+ in September 2021. The distribution of stores was closely aligned with the expected distribution across levels of material deprivation: for example, 19.5% of stores were located in neighbourhoods with the lowest level of material deprivation versus 19.1% in the highest level. More cannabis stores were located in the 'most socially deprived' or 'socially deprived' neighbourhoods (37.2% and 22.1%, respectively), characterized by a higher proportion of residents who live alone, are unmarried, or in single-parent families. The distribution of stores in provinces and territories were generally consistent with national patterns with a few exceptions. Conclusion: In the first 3 years following cannabis legalization in Canada, retail cannabis stores were evenly distributed across materially deprived neighbourhoods but were more common in socially deprived neighbourhoods. Future monitoring of retail store locations is required as the legal retail market evolves in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early childhood abuse is associated with adverse effects among young adults, especially social anxiety disorder (SAD). This study investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD among youth exposed to childhood abuse and examined different regression models among male and female youth in three childhood abuse groups, i.e. emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA,) and sexual abuse (SA). Methods: A total of 117,769 young adults from 63 colleges in Jilin Province, China, participated in this cross-sectional study (from October to November 2021). Childhood abuse and SAD were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the social anxiety subscale of the self-consciousness scale (SASS-CS). Analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between childhood abuse and SAD, as well as the demographic correlates of SAD among male and female youth exposed to three forms of childhood abuse. Results: First, significant and positive relations were found between different forms of childhood abuse (EA, PA, SA) and SAD (p <.001). Second, subjective socioeconomic status and relationship with father/mother were associated with SAD in three childhood abuse groups (p <.001). When dividing these participants by gender, apart from the above factors, male participants from single-parent families, living in rural areas and with a lower father's educational level were associated with higher SAD (p <.05). In contrast, female participants from left-behind and reconstituted families were also associated with higher SAD (p <.05). Conclusions: Several demographic correlates are vital for developing prevention efforts and reducing the incidence of SAD among college students exposed to childhood abuse. Existing policies, programs, and practices should be strengthened and new evidence-based ones should be developed for the primary prevention of SAD among these youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enhancing the academic performance (AP) of college students can contribute to the overall scientific literacy among this population, thereby fostering societal progress. Objective: The study investigates the correlation between college students' AP and the socio-educational environment (SEE, including family, roommates, and teachers), study motivation (SM, including self-efficacy and study behaviors). Based on the research findings, recommendations are offered to students, educators, and school administrators. Settings: Utilizing a stratified sampling approach, data was collected by selecting a sample of 330 first-year computer science students from a specific local university in Hebei Province, China. Methods: Data will be collected through a hierarchical sampling method. Using correlation analysis, difference analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) as data analysis methods. The data passed reliability and validity analysis (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.88, KMO = 0.88, χ2/df = 1.49, RMSEA = 0.04). Results: The independent sample T-test results showed that female students had higher academic performance than male students (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in academic performance between students from single parent or orphan families and students from normal families (p = 0.14), from non urban areas and from urban areas (p = 0.67). The results of the mediating effect analysis indicate that SM exerts complete mediation in the association between SEE and AP, with a mediating effect value of 0.18. Conclusion: The educational disparity between urban and rural areas in China is gradually narrowing. Support policies for students from impoverished families in higher education institutions are showing initial effectiveness. The conducive learning environment and educational atmosphere for students can indirectly influence their psychological state, thus impacting their academic performance during their university years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential impact of paternal absence on women during their childhood by examining literature and contemporary theories. Paternal absence refers to children lacking paternal love and care due to factors such as illegitimate birth, divorce, or death. In today's society, diverse marriage concepts have led to an increase in single-parent families, resulting in a growing prevalence of paternal absence. This paper comprehensively examines the influence of paternal absence on female selfesteem using theoretical frameworks from psychoanalysis, social learning, social comparison, cognitive development, and attachment. Additionally, it highlights the significance of fathers' presence during childhood in establishing women's sense of competence through Bandura's concept of self-efficacy. The results of the study revealed that the absence of a father figure may exert detrimental effects on women's self-perception, interpersonal bonding, and development of emotional and creative competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is the first in a series of State of Families (SoF) project data reports to be published throughout Volume 60 (2024) of Marriage and Family Review (MFR). MFR partnered with the Statistical Consulting Center at Miami University to systematically analyze the conditional state of U.S. families and family life across diverse contexts. This inaugural report focuses on Black families (with and without children under 18 years of age) in the United States, examining changes in family structure and poverty levels over time (1967-2022). Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we explore trends in married-couple families, single-parent families, cohabiting households, and other family types within the Black population. Additionally, we investigate the dynamics of poverty among different family structures within this group. The report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of Black families in the context of broader societal shifts and economic realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this brief report is to provide an overview of the current state of families in Arkansas, with a particular focus on the conditional state of households. The report will draw on a variety of data sources, including census data, surveys, and research reports, to paint a picture of the challenges and opportunities facing families in Arkansas today. Key findings of the report include: Arkansas families are facing a number of challenges, including poverty, low educational attainment, and lack of access to affordable healthcare. Despite these challenges, there are also a number of positive trends in the state, such as an increase in the number of married-couple families and a decrease in the number of single-parent families. The state of families in Arkansas is conditional, meaning that it is influenced by a number of factors, including the economy, social policies, and individual choices. The report concludes with a call for policymakers to focus on supporting families in Arkansas by investing in early childhood education, expanding access to affordable healthcare, and promoting family-friendly policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the stressors and coping strategies of divorced women in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The high divorce rate in Indonesia has resulted in stigmatization and distorted perceptions of divorced women in the community. Divorced women face numerous stressors, including negative stigma, raising children without a husband, economic factors, fear of the future, and relationships with ex-husbands and their families. However, these women employ coping mechanisms such as self-management, finding enjoyment in the process, diverting their attention from problems, seeking support, strengthening their spirituality, and engaging in self-reflection to overcome the stress they experience. The study emphasizes the importance of promoting positive coping mechanisms and addressing stigmas and biases towards divorced women in society. [Extracted from the article]

In Spain there is a high incidence of in-work poverty, which has not changed much after the so-called Great Recession, despite its strong impact on the economy and the labour market. The first objective of this article is to analyse the evolution of poverty during the economic cycle between the previous crisis and the period immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, using indicators with a poverty line anchored at the beginning of that period. This addresses the relative nature of the official indicator, which is calculated for each year, preventing it from capturing changes in the incidence of poverty over time. A second objective is to determine which dimensions are most relevant for in-work poverty and its evolution. Thus, in-work poverty is conceptualised as a phenomenon composed of an individual and a household reality, distinguishing between individual poverty (low-pay situations), household poverty (coming from in-work poverty statistics), and severe poverty (the conjunction of family poverty and low pay). In addition, the last purpose is to analyse the influence of economic cycles, both on the weight of each of the types of in-work poverty and on the factors that explain them, exploring which groups suffered most from the Great Recession and whether this was a temporary situation. Our findings were mainly threefold. First, in 2019, just before the COVID crisis, in-work poverty rates had not recovered from the previous crisis, especially in the case of severe poverty. Second, individual in-work poverty declines during the crisis, associated with an increase in the overall unemployment rate and a parallel increase in severe poverty, but partially recovers in 2019. Third, the most severe type of in-work poverty, where the individual and household dimension converge, has similar characteristics to household in-work poverty, mainly influence by the presence of children and single-parent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses a legal case in Spain regarding additional leave and social security benefits for childbirth and childcare in single-parent families. The Supreme Court ruled against extending the benefits to the sole parent in a single-parent family, citing the need for legislative intervention rather than judicial creation of new rights. The dissenting opinion highlighted the importance of the best interests of the child and the gender perspective in interpreting the law, advocating for an integrated interpretation to provide additional benefits to single-parent families. The case also involved a question referred to the CJEU for a preliminary ruling, which was declared inadmissible due to the timing of the application and the differences between parental leave and maternity leave. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the deterioration of the two-parent family and the rise in single parenthood in the U.S. Topics discussed include the link between family structure and children's educational achievement and aspirations, economist Melissa S. Kearney's embrace of the marriageable men hypothesis which points that single motherhood rises because men have become unattractive as husbands due to their poor economic performance, and the role of culture in family decline.