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Engineering the surface of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHPNCs) is crucial for optimizing their optical properties, repairing surface defects, enhancing quantum yield, and ensuring long-term stability. These enhancements make surface-engineered MHPNCs ideal for applications in light-emitting devices (LEDs), displays, lasers, and photodetectors, contributing to energy efficiency. This article delves into an introduction to MHPNCs, their structure and types, particularly the ABX3 type (where A represents monovalent organic/inorganic cations, B represents divalent metal ions mainly Pb metal, and X represents halide ions), synthesis methods, unique optical properties, surface modification techniques using various agents (particularly inorganic molecules/materials, organic molecules, polymers, and biomolecules) to tune optical properties and applications in the aforementioned light-emitting technologies, challenges and opportunities, including advantages and disadvantages of surface-modified APbX3 MHPNCs, and a summary and future outlook. This article explores surface modification strategies to improve the optical performance of MHPNCs and aims to inspire advancements in light emitting applications. Importantly, the challenges and opportunities section of this article will illuminate the path to overcoming obstacles, providing invaluable insights for researchers in this field. This in-depth review explores the surface engineering of MHPNCs for light-emitting applications, highlighting their notable advantages and addressing ongoing challenges. By delving deep into various surface modification strategies, this article aims to revolutionize MHPNC-based light-emitting applications, setting a new benchmark in the field. This paves the way for revolutionary advancements, maximizing the capabilities of surface-engineered MHPNCs and heralding a transformative era in precise light-emitting research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report that a surfactant modified quantum dot-complex (S-QDC; with λem-515 nm) nanocomposite, as a donor fluorophore, exhibits enhanced Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency to an acceptor organic dye (λem-576 nm) in comparison to only the QDC. The proposed S-QDC (consisting of a ZnS quantum dot, zinc quinolate inorganic complex and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant) provides the unique and selective ratiometric visual detection of organic dyes present as food colorants in commercial chili powder, tomato ketchup and mixed fruit jam. Notably, the S-QDC shows a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 2.2 nM in the linear range of 0.17–4.89 μM for food colorants. Furthermore, the present work will bring new possibilities to unravelling the chemistry among surfactants, inorganic complexes and quantum dots to make newer optical materials with futuristic scope of utilization ranging from optical sensors to light emitting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF THE DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF BIHAR DURING THE LOCKDOWNS OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND TO FIND WHETHER GENDER, COURSE OPTED, STREAM OF STUDY, MEDIUM OF STUDY, RESIDENTIAL AREA, FAMILY INCOME LEVEL, ONLINE CLASS ATTENDED, ACTUAL TIME SPENT ON USING INTERNET FOR EDUCATION, AND OWNERSHIP OF GADGETS USED IN ONLINE CLASSES AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN BIHAR. THE DATA USED IN THIS STUDY ARE PRIMARY IN NATURE AND COLLECTED BY USING THE QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD FROM 429 STUDENTS OF THIRTEEN DIFFERENT STATE UNIVERSITIES AND ONE OPEN UNIVERSITY. AS MANY PREDICTORS ARE CATEGORICAL IN NATURE MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION HAS BEEN USED TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON EFFICACY OF DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN BIHAR. IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT THE VARIABLES LIKE MONTHLY INCOME OF THE FAMILY, TIME ACTUALLY SPENT BY THE STUDENTS FOR EDUCATION BY USING INTERNET PER DAY, STREAM OF THE STUDY, MEDIUM OF THE STUDY, RESIDENTIAL AREA AND GENDER ARE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN BIHAR DURING THE PANDEMIC. THE STUDY COULD CONTRIBUTE IN TWO WAYS. FIRST, THE RESULTS OF EFFICACY OF DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN BIHAR OF A LOWEST EDUCATION INDEX RANKING STATE WILL DEPICT AN AUTHENTIC PICTURE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN BIHAR IN BACKWARD STATES AND THEREBY ADD UP TO THE EXISTING LITERATURE AND SECOND, THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OF THE MODEL COULD ASSIST THE POLICY MAKERS IN TAKING CORRECTIVE MEASURES WHILE TAKING ANY DECISION TO DIGITALIZE THE EDUCATION IN SUCH KIND OF STATES IN INDIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helium plasma stream is generated in a coaxial plasma accelerator by applying a high-power pulse derived from a 200-kJ pulsed power system (PPS). The present work aims at measuring the plasma temperature and density of helium plasma produced in a pulsed plasma accelerator (PPA). The plasma is characterized using a triple Langmuir probe (TLP) while translating it along axial direction precisely from 8 to 40 cm inside the plasma stream away from the electrode end. By varying experimental conditions, the plasma temperature and density are measured to be approximately 33 eV and 5 $\times $ 1020 m−3, respectively, and it is observed that the value of parameters decreases with the increase in the axial distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]