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The present study evaluated the effects of dietary yeast supplementation on the growth and blood parameters of Arapaima gigas. Fish were fed with commercial feed supplemented with NuPro® at 0, 10, 40 and 80 g / kg for days and, did not exhibit any difference in growth. Blood was analyzed at the end of the feeding trial and after handling stress. A significant reduction in albumin and triglycerides levels was observed with increased supplementation of NuPro® in the diet of A. gigas. The interactive effect of diet and stress influenced plasma glucose levels, with a modulation at all levels of supplementation after stress, while in the control group the level was significantly high. NuPro® improved the innate immune response of A. gigas at all the tested concentrations, with a significantly higher levels number of thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils than the control group. There was also an increase in the number of thrombocytes after stress. As the inclusion of NuPro® in the diet improved the innate immune response at all the concentrations tested and effectively modulated plasma glucose levels, this product can be recommended as an immunostimulant for A. gigas fingerlings with the inclusion of 40 g/kg of feed. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-09T09:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2020-Innate-immune-response-of-pirarucu.pdf: 276238 bytes, checksum: 221944425940fbbc325ab8e961ff9479 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Macrobrachium amazonicum is an indigenous prawn vastly distributed in basins of South America, widely exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil and, with great potential for aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate general aspects of population structure and reproductive characteristics (size at first maturity, fecundity and reproductive output) of M. amazonicum from two important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the mouth of the Amazon River, State of Amapá. The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called ?matapi?. A number of 5,179 prawns were captured, 2,975 females and 2,195 males resulting in 1.35:1 female to male ratio. Santana Island and Mazagão Velho showed females predominated in the population. A reproductive peak period was observed from January to April/2009 and in December/2010, coinciding with the period of higher rainfall. The recruitment peak occurred in June and July/2009. Egg-bearing females ranged in size (carapace length) from 11.10 to 29.6 mm. Fecundity increased with female size and reached up to 7,417 eggs. This amount of eggs is considered low if compared with other Macrobrachium estuarine species. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.121 to 0.24 mm3 during embryogenesis, representing 68.5% of overall increase from Stage I to Stage III. Eggs of M. amazonicum are small; this is typical for Macrobrachium species, which depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. amazonicum varied between 4.8 and 21.85% of their body weight into eggs production.

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.

The present paper is a pioneering study on the Brachyura bycatch associated with the artisan prawn fisheries at the mouth of the Amazon River. The study was conducted at four collection sites distributed along the mouth of the Amazon River between the months of January/2009 and January/2010. The animals were caught using handcrafted traps called ?matapi?, which are used by prawn fisherman in the region. Twenty matapis were used at each collection site. A total of 145 specimens were captured and six species were identified, all belonging to the Trichodactylidae family - Sylviocarcinus maldonadoensis, S. pictus, S. devillei, Valdivia serrata, Dilocarcinus septemdentatus and D. pagei. The most representative species, S. maldonadoensis, S. pictus and S. devillei were classified as regular. Regarding the composition of the capture, there were three specimens of D. pagei , only one male specimen of D. septemdentatus, forty-eight specimens of S. maldonadoensis, sixty-eight specimens of S. pictus, twenty-two specimens of S. devillei and three specimens of V. serrata. In all months, the brachyuran fauna showed a considerably lower biomass when compared to the prawns, representing only 5% of the catch, in a ratio of 1:0.06. For most species, the number of males was always higher than the number of females in almost all collection months.

No Brasil, foi marcante a ocupação de grupos humanos em áreas com potencial hídrico elevado para o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada. Neste contexto, inseri-se o rio São Francisco, que vem passando por constantes mudanças em relação à sua cobertura vegetal original. O presente estudo buscou responder as seguintes perguntas: Como fazendeiros e funcionários representam as possíveis mudanças da vegetação ciliar ao longo do tempo? Quais os eventos históricos responsáveis por essas possíveis mudanças? Como os fazendeiros e funcionários representam os aspectos relacionados às utilidades e à conservação da vegetação ciliar? Um total de 17 homens e oito mulheres, proprietários e funcionários de áreas próximas à vegetação ripária em cinco municípios dos estados da Bahia e Pernambuco, participaram da pesquisa. Entrevistas semiestruturadas e entrevista semiestruturada do tipo projetiva foram empregadas para investigar as representações sobre conservação da mata ciliar e mudanças locais da paisagem, bem como resgatar os eventos históricos que as influenciaram. Com o objetivo de registrar o conhecimento local sobre a diversidade de espécies úteis mais importantes foi utilizada a técnica de lista livre. Em relação às modificações da paisagem verificou-se que apenas um entrevistado afirmou não haver mudanças na vegetação ciliar, seis afirmaram que houve mudanças para pior e quatro para melhor. Quatro proprietários responderam que as mudanças na vegetação iniciaram há 10 anos, seis há mais de 30 anos, dois não sabiam e um não verificou mudanças. Entre os funcionários, cinco afirmaram que elas ocorreram há mais de 20 anos, quatro há mais de 10 anos e para quatro deles a vegetação não mudou. Observou-se que todos os informantes concordaram que a vegetação deve ser conservada, sendo que 64% destacaram que ela protege o rio e os outros 36% indicaram outras utilidades para a vegetação ciliar, tais como: atrair chuva, fazer sombra, usos medicinais e aumentar a quantidade de oxigênio. Sobre quem seriam os responsáveis pela conservação: 48% disseram que eram os próprios proprietários de terras, 48% afirmaram que era dever de todos conservar e 4% atribuíram a responsabilidade ao IBAMA. Eles também apontaram soluções para a conservação da vegetação ripária, como o reflorestamento (39%), não desmatar (17%), educação ambiental (13%) e cuidar bem (13%). Futuros projetos de restauração que podem vir a ocorrer nessa área devem levar em consideração essas diferentes representações, demandas e expectativas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic divergence of 25 sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the semiarid region of Paraiba. A randomized block design with three replications was used for evaluation of plant height (PH), total natural matter production (TNMP) and total dry matter production (TDMP) and the percentage of components of DM (panicle, leaf blade, stem and dead matter) of the following hybrids: 866005, 866019, 866033, 866034, 866035, 866036, 866037, 866040, 866041, 866042, 866043, 866044, 870025, 870031, 870035, 870041, 870051, 870067, 870081, 870085, 870095, 1F305, BRS 610, Volumax, and XBS60329. Hybrid 1F305, followed by hybrid 866034, presented the highest average PH. There was a range from 7.679 to 20.948 kg/ha (average of 13,799 kg/ha) for TDMP. Hybrids 1F305, BRS 610 and Volumax presented less potential, and hybrids 866,041 and 866,042 were the most productive. Based on cluster analysis and subjective cut in 50% of dissimilarity, it was possible to establish four hierarchical groups, from which two stood out concerning productive characteristics. The group formed by hybrids Volumax, BRS 610, and XBS60329 presented lower averages for yield and lower percentage of panicle. Hybrids 866041 and 866042 show a higher total dry matter production, with values around 20,000 kg/ha.