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The study explores to analyze the problem of peristaltic mechanism of tangent hyperbolic fluid through porous medium in an asymmetric channel. The two-dimensional peristaltic flow of hyperbolic tangent fluid in an asymmetric channel through porous medium is analyzed under the long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity of the wave. The perturbation series is used to obtain the solution for stream function, pressure gradient and pressure rise. The results were studied for different values of the physical parameters of the problem and illustrated graphically. It is observed that pressure rise diminishes for the larger values of Darcy number. Pressure gradient decreases for increment in Darcy number. Hyperbolic tangent fluid model anticipates the shear thinning phenomenon very accurately and are being used mostly in laboratory experiments and industries.

This paper discusses introduction, classification and detailed financial statement analysis and financial ratio analysis and their interpretation of food Industry company. Britannia Industries Limited is purposively selected for the study. The study is purely quantitative. Secondary data is used for the study. The liquidity, activity ratios showed a decreasing trend, whereas solvency, profitability ratios showed increasing trend for the selected period of 2017-18 to 2021-22. At last, the paper has concluded that the company’s overall financial performance and position has been improved over the past five years.

Rice is the most important human food crop in the world, directly feeding more people than any other crop. Tunga Bhadra Project (TBP) command area is called as Rice bowl of Karnataka. The study was conducted in the Shivamogga district of Karnataka, India during 2020-21 mainly for economic analysis of the cost and returns of rainfed paddy. A purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of the study area, Two taluks (Shikaripura and Soraba) of Shivamogga district were selected and from each taluk, two villages (Chikkajambur, Herejumbur, Andige and Ulavi) were selected and from each village 15 farmers were selected who were rainfed paddy growers. Thus the total sample constitutes 60 respondents. The analytical tools and techniques employed for assessing the objectives of the study are measures of central tendency and standard of cost and returns. The total cost of rainfed paddy cultivation was Rs. 26,330.65 fixed costs accounted for 19.02 per cent (Rs. 5,007.20) of the total cost and overall variable cost accounted for 79.92 per cent (Rs. 21,043.45) of the total cost of cultivation. Grain yields realized 15.23 quintals per acre and gross returns comprised of returns from both main-product (grain) and by-product returns (straw) is Rs. 34,689.78. Rainfed paddy gave a net return of Rs. 8,359.13 and returns over variable cost were Rs. 13,367.33. Returns per rupee of expenditure were 1.32. The study recommended that rainfed paddy cultivation required less cost cultivation which helps the farmer to earn a better income.

Yantras are inevitable parts of all minor and major surgical procedures. In surgeries and even in wound cleaning, we need yantras to take a sterilised gauze piece. This article throws light on the ancient yantras which have been used in the olden days. An attempt has been made to compile the Yantras mentioned in the Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. The different types of yantras, like Swastika yantra, Samdamsa yantra, Tala yantra, Nadi yantra, and Upayantra, are being told in this article in addition to those mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya.

The third sector comprises charities, social enterprises, and voluntary groups supporting the community at a local level. The study focused on the management practices of TSOs. In all, the total number of Third Sector Organizations selected for the study from the Kolar, Chikkaballapur, and Tumkur districts was 30. The sample consists of different types of TSOs which include Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Self-Help Groups (SHGs) & Primary level cooperatives, and also the primary data was collected from 30 TSOs. To achieve the specific objectives of the study, descriptive statistics including percentages were used to find out how TSOs are following management practices for their organizational development. The study found that they are good in terms of planning which includes efficiency and proper resource management, effective service delivery, responsiveness to the target community, implementation, and control of activity, among others. Strategy development indicates the extent to which certain features/aspects pertaining to the strategy development approaches characterize the strategy development practices in their organizations. Motivation plays a vital influencing factor towards managers and workers to increase effectiveness. Staff management to understand how the TSOs manage their human resources. Financial management is necessary for reporting purposes are prepared at the end of each financial year and bookkeeping is one of the key indicators to measure the performance of the organization there is a need to more focus on up-to-date records maintenance.

The study was carried out in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India during 2021-2022 to examine the consumer preferences for the products of Minor millets. Sample consumers were categorized into urban and rural consumer and data was enumerated from a total sample of 40 consumers comprising of 20 urban and 20 rural consumers. Finger millet was the most consumed among the urban consumers with 3.5 kg per month followed by foxtail millet 2.5 kg per month and little millet 2.0 kg per month, while the urban consumers were equally consuming other millets. The monthly household food expenditure among urban consumers, expenses made on groceries (38.03 percent), vegetables (13.79 percent) and millets (13.65 percent). The total food expenses made by urban consumers were Rs. 5404 of which 13.65 percent was made on millets which amounted to Rs. 745. Rural consumers were Rs. 3906 which was less than urban consumers (Rs.5404). For each respondent, part-worth were estimated using OLS regression analysis, rural consumers also found price to be the most significant attributes accounting 40.74 percent of relative importance, gaining awareness among consumers in consumption of millets for nutritional value and health benefits is improving progressively.

We have considered the peristaltic mechanism of incompressible viscous hyperbolic tangent fluid with the impact of uniform magnetic field. The tapered asymmetric channel is assumed to be designed due to a peristaltic wave train on the non uniform walls taking different amplitudes and phase. This model anticipates the shear thinning phenomenon very precisely and are being used frequently in laboratory experiments and industries. Here we consider the Reynolds number to be small enough and wavelength for simplification of two dimensional equations of a hyperbolic tangent fluid. The non-linear governing equations for the tangent hyperbolic fluid are solved by utilising Regular perturbation methodology. The exact solutions for the pressure gradient and pressure rise are determined analytically. Its behaviour is discussed computationally with reference to different physical parameters.

Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) act as an effective mechanism in addressing the constraints of small and marginal land holders. However, FPOs vary in their characteristics, operations and functioning. The present study focuses on these aspects to understand the overall characteristics, business focus areas and constraints faced by FPOs in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Majority of FPOs in the study area were registered under companies act and had governing body members ranged between 5 to 15. The member farmers of FPOs had share capital ranged between Rs. 500 to Rs. 2000. Around 80% of FPOs were performing business operations pertained to input procurement and selling, particularly dealing with fertilizers. Difficulty in carrying out market operations and fund mobilization were identified as major constraints by the FPOs.

Dhoopana means fumigation. Fumigation/dhupana is done with the help of dhupana dravyas vis-à-vis fumigants. Fumigants are the materials that fumigate the area with smoke having a characteristic odour when ignited. When Varthi is ignited with fire, the active phytochemical compounds burn to give out its essential therapeutic action based on the dravya's used. Agni-Devata (fire god) is considered the primary source or deity of Dhoopa, and the betterment of entire mankind is the main purpose of its materialization. In Ayurveda literature, we have many references to dhupana dravyas which are of both plant & animal origin. A detailed description of their mode of collection, preparation, usage of dhupana yogas, preservation, and storage is mentioned. So, exploring and understanding these fundamental concepts of dhupana and its practical utility in the day-to-day clinical practice of extracting their medicinal properties is the need of the hour.

Ayurveda is based on time tested observations and medical experiences. It has immense potential in solving many challenging and unresolved problems of the medical world. Arshas (Haemorrhoids) and Bhagandhara (Fistula in Ano) are the most common diseases occurring in the Ano-rectal region. Ayurvedic literature had mentioned Sastra Karmas (surgical procedures) and Anusastra Karma (Para surgical procedures) like Kshara Karma, Kshara Sutra & Agni Karma in the management of these diseases. In Anorectal disorders, some cases have both piles and fistula-in-ano. It is difficult to treat both diseases simultaneously, leading to a bad prognosis. In modern literature, operative techniques like hemorrhoidectomy, Fistulectomy and Fistulotomy are mentioned. After modern surgery, severe postoperative complications like recurrent sepsis, continuous serous discharge, faecal incontinence, and the high recurrence rate is a matter of great concern. Arsho-Bhagandhara is a rare case in which a patient suffers from Arshas and Bhagandhara. This case report describes the successful management of Arsho-Bhagandhara. Here we operated on the patient diagnosed with Arsho-Bhagandhara, the details of which are furnished in the below article. Ksharalepa for internal piles masses was done on OT, and Ksharasutra application in fistula was made. Ksharasutra was changed every seventh day, and simultaneous cutting and healing of the tract were observed. The piles and fistula track wound healed within two months entirely without complication. This case demonstrated the advantages of Ksharalepa and Ksharasutra in the successful management of piles and fistula at the same time.

The present physical problem has a significant number of applications in intra-uterine fluid motion with tiny particles in a nonpregnant uterus, and this situation of fluid motion is very important in examining the embryo motion in a uterus. Due to these real-life applications, in the current investigation, a perturbation-oriented numerical investigation has been performed to describe the characteristics features of velocity, pressure rise, and trapping bolus through streamlines in a tapered channel under a porous medium. The present physical model results in the governing two-dimensional coupled nonlinear flow equations under low Reynolds number and long-wavelength approximations. A suitable equation for stream function is derived and a regular perturbation scheme is employed to produce the numerical solutions in terms of pressure rise, velocity, and streamlines for various values of physical parameters. The current investigation depicts that the enhancing Darcy parameter upsurged the pressure field, and the increasing power-law index suppressed the pressure field in the flow regime. The rincreasing channel width significantly diminished the velocity field at the central portion of the channel. The size of the trapping bolus suppressed for the enhancing values of Weissenberg number. In addition, the size of the trapping bolus increased for the magnifying values of wave amplitudes. Finally, current numerical solutions reasonably agree with the previously published results in the literature, and this fact confirms the accuracy of the present problem.

Pilonidal sinus is an epithelium lined tract, containing hairs and unhealthy diseased granulation tissue. It is a very common disease encountered in clinical practice. It is often challenging owing to its higher chances of recurrence. Due to its similarity in features, the disease is being compared to Nadivrana according to the classics of Ayurveda. Despite the vast advancements in the field of medicine and surgery, the management of this disease remains agnostic. Though there are around 17 different techniques enumerated for the treatment of this condition, no gold standard method has been evolved in treating it. The classic of Ayurveda explains a set of treatment methodologies that not only provides a cure to the disease but also prevents the recurrence of the same which is the most notable complication of the disease. This article is aimed at throwing light into the disease and its various treatments adopted, both from modern and ayurvedic perspectives.

Objectives: The study intends to investigate the problem of peristalsis transport of hyperbolic tangent fluid in a tapered asymmetric channel. Methods: The two-dimensional equations of a hyperbolic tangent fluid have been simplified under the suspicions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. The reduced equations are solved by using standard perturbation technique. The numerical results obtained are presented in the graphical form for various values of physical parameters and are discussed. Findings: It is showing that for the larger values of non-uniform parameter, pressure rise diminishes and the axial velocity diminishes at the core part of the channel and increases at the right and left side of the channel for the increasing values of non-uniform parameter. Applications: Hyperbolic tangent fluid model anticipate the shear thinning phenomenon very accurately and are being used mostly in laboratory experiments and industries. Keywords Reynolds number, Hyperbolic tangent fluid, peristaltic transport, tapered asymmetric channe

Background: Electronic commerce of food products has a very important role to play in creating consistent demand for farmers’ products and linking farmers directly to final consumers. The preference of consumers toward online purchases is one of the most important drivers of the e-commerce industry. The objective of the current study is to examine the preference and constraints of online purchase of food products from consumers’ perspectives in Bangalore city of India. Methods: In this study primary cross-section data were collected using a pre-tested schedule between February and May of 2019 from different localities of Bangalore city including Mahadevapura, Sanjaynagar, Jayanagar, etc where most of the online shoppers of food products were located to have a fair demonstration of different socio-economic strata. Descriptive statistics along with principal component analysis were adopted as research methods. Result: The study revealed that home delivery, wide availability of products and the ability to compare prices of products were among the most influencing factors toward the online purchase of food products online along with convenience and saving time. On the other hand, perishability of products, problematic return policy, limited sensory information and security of information were limitations of online purchase of food products in Bangalore city.