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Purpose To investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and disease severity as well as complications in children diagnosed with Henöch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), shedding light on the potential influence of dietary factors on HSP. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling children aged 2–14 years diagnosed with HSP. Participants were divided into low and Pro-inflammatory dietary groups based on their DII scores. Biomarkers, nutrient intake, blood lipid profiles and disease complications were compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between DII and complications. Results A total of 115 patients, including 56 patients with anti-inflammatory dietary and 59 with pro-inflammatory dietary, were included. The pro-inflammatory dietary group demonstrated significantly elevated of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, eosinophils, IgE, consumption of total calories, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, fat intake, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, complications of renal, skin, gastrointestinal, coagulation and respiratory in comparison to the anti-inflammatory dietary group. DII was positively correlated with renal, skin, gastrointestinal, coagulation and respiratory complications. Conclusion The study highlights the potential influence of dietary inflammatory potential, as quantified by the DII, on disease severity and complications in children with HSP. Understanding the interplay between dietary patterns and inflammatory responses in pediatric vasculitis has implications for the management of HSP, emphasizing the relevance of considering dietary interventions to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the overall well-being of affected children.

Abstract In recent years, efficient and porous carbon‐layer‐modified magnetic metal oxides demonstrate potentials for the significant improvement of catalytic and adsorption performance. In this study, a novel magnetic coreshell Fe3O4@mesoporous carbon (Fe3O4@MPC) nanochain electrochemical sensor is constructed by using resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin and magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres as the carbon shell precursor and core, respectively, with a simple emulsion self‐assembly strategy. Microstructural characterizations revealed that the carbon shell exhibited a mesopore distribution of ≈40 nm and the diameter of Fe3O4 nanospheres embedded into carbon is ≈280 nm. The introduction of mesoporous carbon layer increased the electrical conductivity of the active material and maintained the adsorption properties of magnetic Fe3O4. The synergistic effect of the mesoporous carbon layer and Fe3O4 nanochain is beneficial to electrochemically detect heavy metal ions (HMIs). Under optimal conditions, the typical Fe3O4@MPC‐2/GCE exhibited excellent electrochemical sensing for detecting Hg(II) and Pb(II), with limits of detection (LOD) of 7.8 nm and 12.1 nm (S/N = 3), respectively. These good results are attributed to the Fe3O4@MPC nanochain structure and a relatively high specific surface area. This study provides a novel method to prepare magnetic mesoporous carbon nanochain composites for constructing sensitive electrochemical sensors to monitor water quality.