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1. The Effect of Pulsar Geometry on the Observed Gamma-ray Spectrum of Millisecond Pulsars

Author

Lloyd, Sheridan J., Chadwick, Paula M., and Brown, Anthony M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We analyse 13 yrs of $\textit{Fermi}$-LAT PASS 8 events from 127 gamma-ray emitting millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the energy range 0.1$-$100 GeV and significantly detect 118 MSPs. We fit the stacked emission with a log parabola (LP) spectral model which we show is preferred to two previously published models. We consider the influence of pulsar properties and observer geometric effects on spectral features by defining energy flux colours for both the individual MSPs, and our stacked model as a baseline. There is no correlation of colours with pulsar luminosity, $\dot{E}$, surface magnetic field or magnetic impact angle. We also find that pulsar geometry has little effect on the observed gamma-ray spectrum which is in tension with previous modelling of gamma-ray emission with respect to pulsar geometry. Our LP MSP model is applicable to problems where an ensemble of gamma-ray MSPs is considered, such as that of the Galactic centre excess or in the case of emission from globular clusters., Comment: This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2024
Full Text
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4. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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5. Axion Constraints from Quiescent Soft Gamma-ray Emission from Magnetars

Author

Lloyd, Sheridan J., Chadwick, Paula M., Brown, Anthony M., Guo, Huai-ke, and Sinha, Kuver

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Axion-like-particles (ALPs) emitted from the core of a magnetar can convert to photons in its magnetosphere. The resulting photon flux is sensitive to the product of $(i)$ the ALP-nucleon coupling $G_{an}$ which controls the production cross section in the core and $(ii)$ the ALP-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma \gamma}$ which controls the conversion in the magnetosphere. We study such emissions in the soft-gamma-ray range (300 keV to 1 MeV), where the ALP spectrum peaks and astrophysical backgrounds from resonant Compton upscattering are expected to be suppressed. Using published quiescent soft-gamma-ray flux upper limits in 5 magnetars obtained with $CGRO$ COMPTEL and $INTEGRAL$ SPI/IBIS/ISGRI, we put limits on the product of the ALP-nucleon and ALP-photon couplings. We also provide a detailed study of the dependence of our results on the magnetar core temperature. We further show projections of our result for future $Fermi$-GBM observations. Our results motivate a program of studying quiescent soft-gamma-ray emission from magnetars with the $Fermi$-GBM., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Version accepted in Physical Review D. More conservative benchmark core temperature assumed, details of production in the core provided, new constraints on ALP couplings based on spectral analysis presented. Extensive supplementary material added, future projections discussed, overall conclusions unchanged

Published
2020
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6. Constraining Axion Mass through Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsars

Author

Lloyd, Sheridan J., Chadwick, Paula M., and Brown, Anthony M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We analyze 9 years of PASS 8 $\textit{Fermi}$-LAT data in the 60$-$500 MeV range and determine flux upper limits (UL) for 17 gamma-ray dark pulsars as a probe of axions produced by nucleon-nucleon Bremsstrahlung in the pulsar core. Using a previously published axion decay gamma-ray photon flux model for pulsars which relies on a high core temperature of 20 MeV, we improve the determination of the UL axion mass ($m_a$), at 95 percent confidence level, to 9.6 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ eV, which is a factor of 8 improvement on previous results. We show that the axion emissivity (energy loss rate per volume) at realistic lower pulsar core temperatures of 4 MeV or less is reduced to such an extent that axion emissivity and the gamma-ray signal becomes negligible. We consider an alternative emission model based on energy loss rate per mass to allow $m_a$ to be constrained with $Fermi$-LAT observations. This model yields a plausible UL $m_a$ of 10$^{-6}$ eV for pulsar core temperature $<$ 0.1 MeV but knowledge of the extent of axion to photon conversion in the pulsar $B$ field would be required to make a precise UL axion mass determination. The peak of axion flux is likely to produce gamma-rays in the $\leq$ 1 MeV energy range and so future observations with medium energy gamma-ray missions, such as AMEGO and e-ASTROGAM, will be vital to further constrain UL $m_a$., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2019
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7. CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database.

Author

Brian P. Alcock, William Huynh, Romeo Chalil, Keaton W. Smith, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Mateusz A. Wlodarski, Arman Edalatmand, Aaron J. Petkau, Sohaib A. Syed, Kara K. Tsang, Sheridan J. C. Baker, Mugdha Dave, Madeline C. McCarthy, Karyn M. Mukiri, Jalees A. Nasir, Bahar Golbon, Hamna Imtiaz, Xingjian Jiang, Komal Kaur, Megan Kwong, Zi Cheng Liang, Keyu C. Niu, Prabakar Shan, Jasmine Y. J. Yang, Kristen L. Gray, Gemma Hoad, Baofeng Jia, Timsy Bhando, Lindsey A. Carfrae, Maya A. Farha, Shawn French, Rodion Gordzevich, Kenneth Rachwalski, Megan M. Tu, Emily Bordeleau, Damion M. Dooley, Emma J. Griffiths, Haley L. Zubyk, Eric D. Brown, Finlay Maguire, Robert G. Beiko, William W. L. Hsiao, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Gary H. Van Domselaar, and Andrew G. McArthur

Published
2023
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8. Gamma-ray emission from high Galactic latitude globular clusters

Author

Lloyd, Sheridan J., Chadwick, Paula M., and Brown, Anthony M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We analyse 8 years of PASS 8 Fermi-LAT data, in the 60 MeV - 300 GeV energy range, from 30 high Galactic latitude globular clusters. Six of these globular clusters are detected with a TS > 25, with NGC 6254 being detected as gamma-ray bright for the first time. The most significant detection is of the well-known globular cluster 47 Tuc, and we produce a refined spectral fit for this object with a log parabola model. NGC 6093, NGC 6752 and NGC 6254 are fitted with hard, flat power law models, NGC 7078 is best fitted with a soft power law and NGC 6218 is best fitted with a hard, broken power law. This variety of spectral models suggests that there is a variety of gamma-ray source types within globular clusters, in addition to the traditional millisecond pulsar interpretation. We identify a correspondence between diffuse X-ray emission in globular cluster cores and gamma-ray emission. This connection suggests that gamma-ray emission in globular clusters could also arise from unresolved X-ray sources or a relativistic electron population, perhaps generated by the millisecond pulsars. X-ray observations of further gamma-ray bright globular clusters would allow a functional relationship to be determined between diffuse X-ray and gamma-ray emission., Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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9. SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line (SIGNAL), a Snakemate workflow for rapid and bulk analysis of Illumina sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

Author

Nasir, Jalees A, Maguire, Finlay, Smith, Kendrick M, Panousis, Emily M, Baker, Sheridan J C, Aftanas, Patryk, Raphenya, Amogelang R, Alcock, Brian P, Maan, Hassaan, Knox, Natalie C, Banerjee, Arinjay, Mossman, Karen, Wang, Bo, Simpson, Jared T, Kozak, Robert A, Mubareka, Samira, and McArthur, Andrew G

Published
2024
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10. The role of microglia in 67NR mammary tumor‐induced suppression of brain responses to immune challenges in female mice.

Author

Otto‐Dobos, L. D., Santos, J. C., Strehle, L. D., Grant, C. V., Simon, L. A., Oliver, B., Godbout, J. P., Sheridan, J. F., Barrientos, R. M., Glasper, E. R., and Pyter, L. M.

Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli, HUMORAL immunity, LABORATORY mice, IMMUNE response, GENE expression
Abstract

It is poorly understood how solid peripheral tumors affect brain neuroimmune responses despite the various brain‐mediated side effects and higher rates of infection reported in cancer patients. We hypothesized that chronic low‐grade peripheral tumor‐induced inflammation conditions microglia to drive suppression of neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent peripheral immune challenge. Here, Balb/c murine mammary tumors attenuated the microglial inflammatory gene expression responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenges and the fatigue response to an E. coli infection. In contrast, the inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS or a toll‐like receptor 2 agonist of Percoll‐enriched primary microglia cultures was comparable between tumor‐bearing and ‐free mice, as were the neuroinflammatory and sickness behavioral responses to an intracerebroventricular interleukin (IL)‐1β injection. These data led to the hypothesis that Balb/c mammary tumors blunt the neuroinflammatory responses to an immune challenge via a mechanism involving tumor suppression of the peripheral humoral response. Balb/c mammary tumors modestly attenuated select circulating cytokine responses to LPS and E. coli challenges. Further, a second mammary tumor/mouse strain model (E0771 tumors in C57Bl/6 mice) displayed mildly elevated inflammatory responses to an immune challenge. Taken together, these data indicate that tumor‐induced suppression of neuroinflammation and sickness behaviors may be driven by a blunted microglial phenotype, partly because of an attenuated peripheral signal to the brain, which may contribute to infection responses and behavioral side effects reported in cancer patients. Finally, these neuroimmune effects likely vary based on tumor type and/or host immune phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. DOP15 Results of a pragmatic multicentred randomised controlled trial investigating the use of personalised golimumab dosing in Ulcerative Colitis: the GOAL-ARC study (GLM dose Optimisation to Adequate Levels to Achieve Response in Colitis)

Author

Doherty, G, primary, Coe, C, additional, Egan, L, additional, Kevans, D, additional, O'Toole, A, additional, Cullen, G, additional, Galligan, M, additional, McCarthy, J, additional, Slattery, E, additional, McShane, C, additional, O'Connell, J, additional, Mulcahy, H, additional, Leyden, J, additional, Godwin, N, additional, Keogh, A, additional, Patchett, S, additional, and Sheridan, J, additional

Published
2024
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15. P041 Assessment of Serum Biomarkers associated with Vedolizumab Therapy Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author

O'Connell, J, primary, Argue, R, additional, Dunne, M, additional, O'Connell, F, additional, Breslin, N, additional, Cullen, G, additional, Doherty, G, additional, Dunne, C, additional, Hartery, K, additional, Ismail, M S, additional, MacCarthy, F, additional, McDonagh, P, additional, McKiernan, S, additional, McNamara, D, additional, Mulcahy, H, additional, O'Connor, A, additional, Ryan, B, additional, Sheridan, J, additional, O'Sullivan, J, additional, and Kevans, D, additional

Published
2024
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17. The effect of pulsar geometry on the observed gamma-ray spectrum of millisecond pulsars.

Author

Lloyd, Sheridan J, Chadwick, Paula M, and Brown, Anthony M

Subjects
PULSARS, GLOBULAR clusters, GEOMETRY, MAGNETIC fields, GAMMA ray astronomy, BINARY pulsars, PARABOLA
Abstract

We analyse 13 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope Pass 8 events from 127 gamma-ray emitting millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the energy range 0.1–100 GeV and significantly detect 118 MSPs. We fit the stacked emission with a log parabola (LP) spectral model that we show is preferred to two previously published models. We consider the influence of pulsar properties and observed geometric effects on spectral features by defining energy flux colours for both the individual MSPs, and our stacked model as a baseline. There is no correlation of colours with pulsar luminosity, |$\dot{E}$|⁠ , surface magnetic field, or magnetic impact angle. We also find that pulsar geometry has little effect on the observed gamma-ray spectrum, which is in tension with previous modelling of gamma-ray emission with respect to pulsar geometry. Our LP MSP model is applicable to problems where an ensemble of gamma-ray MSPs is considered, such as that of the Galactic Centre excess or in the case of emission from globular clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Attitudes towards intellectual disabilities across cultures

Author

Sheridan, J. C.

Subjects
362.3
Abstract

Culture appears to be an important influence on attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities (e.g., Fatimilehin & Nadirshaw, 1994). The author aimed to identify and review all relevant studies. This review highlights the complexity of conclusions drawn from cross-cultural attitudinal research and emphasises that social inclusion is a western concept that is not necessarily applicable to non-western cultures. Suggestions for future research are made, including the importance of investigating attitudes in multicultural societies. This is particularly relevant in the UK, which is culturally diverse, whilst employing a western conceptualisation of intellectual disabilities.

Published
2007

40. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, primary, Werth, Alexandra, additional, West, Colin G., additional, Youngblood, Allison, additional, Woodraska, Donald L., additional, Peck, Courtney L., additional, Aradhya, Arvind J., additional, Cai, Yijian, additional, Chaparro, David, additional, Erikson, James W., additional, Ganesan, Koushik, additional, Geerdts, T. R., additional, Hoang, Thi D, additional, Horning, Thomas M., additional, Jin, Yan, additional, Liu, Haixin, additional, Lordi, Noah, additional, Luo, Zheng, additional, Menon, Thanmay S., additional, Meyer, Josephine C., additional, Nelson, Emma E, additional, Oliver, Kristin A., additional, Ramirez Ortiz, Jorge L, additional, Osborne, Andrew, additional, Patterson, Alyx, additional, Pellatz, Nick, additional, Pitten, John, additional, Shitara, Nanako, additional, Steckhahn, Daniel, additional, Visal, Aseem, additional, Wang, Hongda, additional, Wang, Chaoran, additional, Wickenden, Evan, additional, Wilson, John, additional, Wu, Mengyu, additional, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, additional, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, additional, Aaron, James Holland, additional, Abdullah, Jumana T., additional, Abrams, Jonathan M., additional, Abrashoff, Riley, additional, Acevedo, Andres B., additional, Acha, Iker, additional, Meza Acosta, Daniela M., additional, Adam, Megan M., additional, Adams, Dante Q., additional, Adams, Kalvyn N, additional, Adams, Elena R, additional, Akbar, Zainab A., additional, Akruwala, Ushmi H., additional, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, additional, Alabbas, Batool H., additional, Alawadhi, Areej A., additional, Alharbi, Yazeed A., additional, Alahmed, Mohammed S., additional, Albakr, Mohammed A., additional, Albalushi, Yusef J., additional, Albaum, Jonathan, additional, Aldhamen, Ahmed, additional, Ales, Nolan, additional, Alesmail, Mohammad, additional, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, additional, Alhamli, Dania, additional, Alhuseini, Isehaq, additional, Alkaabi, Suhail, additional, Alkhezzi, Tameem, additional, Alkubaisi, Mohamed, additional, Allanqawi, Nasser, additional, Allsbrook, Martin, additional, Almohsen, Yousef A., additional, Almquist, Justin Thomas, additional, Alnaji, Teeb, additional, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, additional, Alonzi, Nicholas, additional, Alosaimi, Meshal, additional, Alqabani, Emeen, additional, Alrubaie, Mohammad, additional, Alsinan, Reema A., additional, Altenbern, Ava L., additional, Altokhais, Abdullah, additional, Alyami, Saleh A., additional, Ameijenda, Federico, additional, Amer, Hamzi, additional, Amos, Meggan, additional, Anderson, Hunter J., additional, Andrew, Carter, additional, Andringa, Jesse C, additional, Angwin, Abigail, additional, Van Anne, Gabreece, additional, Aramians, Andrew, additional, Arango, Camila Villamil, additional, Archibald, Jack. W., additional, Arias-Robles, Brian A., additional, Aryan, Maryam, additional, Ash, Kevin, additional, Astalos, Justin, additional, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., additional, Augenstein, Dakota N., additional, Austin, Bryce W., additional, Avula, Abhinav, additional, Aycock, Matthew C., additional, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., additional, Balaji, Sahana, additional, Balajonda, Brian, additional, Balcer, Leo M, additional, Baldwin, James O., additional, Banda, David J, additional, Bard, Titus, additional, Barmore, Abby, additional, Barnes, Grant M., additional, Barnhart, Logan D. W., additional, Barone, Kevin M., additional, Bartman, Jessica L., additional, Bassel, Claire, additional, Bastias, Catalina S, additional, Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, additional, Batra, Jasleen, additional, Battist, Lexi, additional, Bay, Joshua, additional, Beach, Simone, additional, Beard, Sara, additional, Beato, Quinn I, additional, Beattie, Ryan, additional, Beatty, Thomas, additional, De La Beaujardiere, Tristan, additional, Beauprez, Jacob N., additional, Beck, M. G., additional, Beck, Lily, additional, Becker, Simone E., additional, Behr, Braden, additional, Behrer, Timothy A., additional, Beijer, Joshua, additional, Belei, Brennan J., additional, Belknap, Annelene L., additional, Bell, Aislyn, additional, Bence, Caden, additional, Benke, Evan, additional, Berhanu, Naomi, additional, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., additional, Bertuccio, Chrisanna, additional, Berv, Owen A., additional, Biediger, Blaine B., additional, Biehle, Samuel J, additional, Billig, Brennen, additional, Billingsley, Jacob, additional, Billman, Jayce A., additional, Biron, Connor J., additional, Bisacca, Gabrielle E., additional, Blake, Cassidy A., additional, Blandon, Guillermo, additional, Blevins, Olivia, additional, Blouin, Ethan, additional, Bodzianowski, Michal, additional, Boeyink, Taylor A., additional, Bondar, Matthew, additional, Bone, Lauren, additional, De Los Monteros Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa, additional, Borelli, William T, additional, Borgerding, Luke R., additional, Bowen, Troy, additional, Boyer, Christine, additional, Boyer, Aidan, additional, Boyle, Aidan P., additional, Boyne, Tom, additional, Branch, Donovan, additional, Brecl, Ariana E., additional, Brennan, David J., additional, Brimhall, Alexander J, additional, Brockman, Jennifer L., additional, Brookins, Sarah, additional, Brown, Gabriel T., additional, Brown, Cameron L., additional, Brown, Ryan, additional, Brownlow, Jordi, additional, Brumage-Heller, Grant, additional, Brumley, Preston J., additional, Bryan, Samuel, additional, Brzostowicz, A., additional, Buhamad, Maryam, additional, Bullard-Connor, Gigi, additional, Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, additional, Burns, Annemarie C., additional, Burritt, John J., additional, Burton, Nicholas David, additional, Burton, Taylor, additional, Busch, Celeste, additional, Butler, Dylan R., additional, Buxton, B. W., additional, C. Toups, Malena, additional, Cabbage, Carter C., additional, Cage, Breonna, additional, Cahn, Jackson R., additional, Campbell, Andrew J, additional, Canales, Braden P., additional, Cancio, Alejandro R., additional, Carey, Luke, additional, Carillion, Emma L., additional, Carpender, Michael Andrew, additional, Carpenter, Emily, additional, Chadda, Shivank, additional, Chambers, Paige, additional, Chanders, Jasey, additional, Chandler, Olivia M., additional, Chang, Ethan C., additional, Chapman, Mitchell G., additional, Chapman, Logan T., additional, Chavali, S., additional, Chavez, Luis, additional, Chen, Kevin, additional, Chen, Lily, additional, Chen, Sam, additional, Chen, Judy, additional, Chhetri, Jenisha, additional, Chiles, Bradyn, additional, Chizmar, Kayla M., additional, Christiansen, Katherine E, additional, Cisne, Nicholas A., additional, Cisneros, Alexis, additional, Clark, David B., additional, Clarke, Evelyn, additional, Clarkson, Peter C, additional, Clausi, Alexis R., additional, Cochran, Brooke, additional, Coe, Ryan W., additional, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, additional, Colleran, Jake R., additional, Colleran, Zachary, additional, Collier, Curran, additional, Collins, Nathaniel A., additional, Collins, Sarah, additional, Collins, Jack C., additional, Colozzi, Michael, additional, Colter, Aurora, additional, Cone, Rebecca A., additional, Conroy, Thomas C., additional, Conti, Reese, additional, Contizano, Charles J., additional, Cool, Destiny J., additional, Cooper, Nicholas M., additional, Corbitt, Jessica S, additional, Courtney, Jonas, additional, Courtney, Olivia, additional, Cox, Corben L., additional, Craig, Wilmsen B., additional, Creany, Joshua B., additional, Crews, Anastasia, additional, Crocker, K. A., additional, Croteau, A. J., additional, Crow, Christian J., additional, Cruse, Zoe, additional, Cruz, Avril, additional, Curnow, Tyler L., additional, Current, Hayden, additional, Curry, Riley T., additional, Cutler, Libby, additional, Cyr, Aidan St., additional, Dabberdt, Frederick M., additional, Daboub, Johnston, additional, Damgaard, Olivia, additional, Das, Swagatam, additional, Davis, Emma A. B., additional, Debarros, Elyse, additional, Deel, Sean, additional, Delasantos, Megan E., additional, Deng, Tianyue, additional, Derwin, Zachary, additional, Desai, Om, additional, Dewey, Kai, additional, Dias, John S., additional, Dice, Kenzie A., additional, Dick, R., additional, Dicken, Cyrus A., additional, Dietrick, Henry, additional, Dinser, Alexis M., additional, Dixon, Alyssa M., additional, Dixon, Thomas J., additional, Do, Helen C., additional, Doan, Chris H, additional, Doane, Connor, additional, Dodrill, Joshua, additional, Doermer, Timothy, additional, Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, additional, Dominguez, J., additional, Domke, Emerson N., additional, Doran, Caroline R., additional, Dorr, Jackson A., additional, Dorricott, Philip, additional, Dresdner, Danielle C., additional, Driscoll, Michael, additional, Driscoll, Kailer H., additional, Duncan, Sheridan J., additional, Dunlap, Christian, additional, Dunn, Gabrielle M., additional, Duong, Tien Q., additional, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, additional, Dvorak, Peter, additional, East, Andrew, additional, East, Andrew N., additional, Edwards, Bree, additional, Ehrlich, Lauren, additional, Elbashir, Sara I., additional, Engelhardt, Rasce, additional, Engelstad, Jacob, additional, England, Colin, additional, Enrich, Andrew, additional, Erickson, Abbey, additional, Erickson, Benjamin, additional, Evans, Nathan, additional, Ewing, Calvin A, additional, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., additional, Faber, Ian, additional, Fails, Avery M., additional, Fauntleroy, John T, additional, Fell, Kevin, additional, Feng, Zitian, additional, Fenwick, Logan D., additional, Feoktistov, Nikita, additional, Fife, Ryann, additional, D. Figueirinhas, John Alfred, additional, Fisch, Jean-Paul, additional, Fischer, Emmalee, additional, Fischer-White, Jules, additional, Fitton, Aidan F., additional, Fix, Alexander, additional, Flackett, Lydia, additional, Flores, Fernando, additional, Floyd, Aidan, additional, Del Foco, Leonardo, additional, Folarin, Adeduni, additional, Forbes, Aidan E., additional, Fortino, Elise, additional, Fougere, Benjamin L., additional, Fowler, Alexandra A., additional, Fox, Margaret, additional, French, James M., additional, French, Katherine V., additional, Frick, Florian G., additional, Fuchs, Calvin R., additional, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., additional, Furney, Sebastian, additional, Gabir, Moutamen, additional, Galarraga, Gabriela, additional, Gale, Skylar, additional, Gapin, Keala C., additional, Garscadden, A. J., additional, Gasser, Rachel, additional, Gayou, Lily, additional, Gearhart, Emily E., additional, Geisman, Jane, additional, Geneser, Julianne R., additional, Genne, Sl, additional, Gentile, Julia G, additional, Gentry, Eleanor, additional, George, Jacob D., additional, Georgiades, Nathaniel James, additional, Gerhardstein, Phillip, additional, Gersabeck, Clint, additional, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, additional, Ghiassi, Dorsa, additional, Giebner, B. C., additional, Gilmartin, Dalton, additional, Gilpatrick, Connor B., additional, Gjini, Michael, additional, Golden, Olivia, additional, Golding, Nathan T., additional, Goldsberry, C. A., additional, Gomez, Angel R., additional, Gomez, Angel A., additional, Gopalakrishnan, Sean, additional, Gopalani, Mariam, additional, Gotlib, Nicholas, additional, Graham, Alaina S., additional, Gray, Michael J, additional, Gregory, Alannah H., additional, Gregory, Joshua A., additional, Grell, Kristyn, additional, Griego, Justus, additional, Griffin, Nicholas F., additional, Griffin, Kyle J., additional, Guerrero, Matt, additional, Gunderson, Nicole, additional, Guo, Mutian, additional, Gustavsson, E. R., additional, Hach, Grace K., additional, Haile, L. N., additional, Haines, Jessica, additional, Mc Hale, Jack J., additional, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, additional, Haley, Mark S., additional, Hall, Jacqueline L., additional, Hamilton, Sean R., additional, Han, Soonhee, additional, Hand, Tyler, additional, Hanley, Luke C., additional, Hansen, Connor M, additional, Hansen, Joshua A., additional, Hansson, Jonathan, additional, Hao, Tony Yunfei, additional, Haratsaris, Nicholas, additional, Hardie, Isabelle, additional, Hardwick, Dillon F., additional, Hares, Cameron T., additional, Harris, Logan Swous, additional, Harris, Coyle M., additional, Hart, Omer, additional, Hashiro, Kyle, additional, Hattendorf, Elsie, additional, Haubrich, Calder, additional, Hawat, Elijah, additional, Hayrynen, Griffin A., additional, Heintz, Danielle A., additional, Hellweg, Tim, additional, Hernandez, Angel, additional, Herrera, Emanuel, additional, Herrington, Robert N., additional, Herwig, Tim, additional, Hesse, Troy M., additional, Hiatt, Quinn, additional, Hibbard, Lea Pearl, additional, Hicks, Imari R., additional, Hicks, Andrew J., additional, Highhouse, Nigel, additional, Hildebrand, Annalise K., additional, Hill, Paula, additional, Hill, Hallie, additional, Hintsa, Evan, additional, Hirschmann, Anna E., additional, Hitt, Travis, additional, Ho, Ella, additional, Hoff, Isabelle J., additional, Hoffman, Alex, additional, Hogen, Blake A., additional, Horne, Linda, additional, Houck, Timothy J, additional, Howell, Noah H., additional, Hrudka, E. M., additional, Hu, J., additional, Huang, Jianyang, additional, Huang, Chenqi, additional, Huang, Shancheng, additional, Hudson, Zachary A., additional, Hudson, Nathan C., additional, Huebsch, Tyler J., additional, Hull, Owen, additional, Hunter, Samuel C, additional, Husted, Troy, additional, Hutabarat, Abigail P., additional, Huynh, Leslie, additional, Samour Ii, Antonio E., additional, Idoine, Yolande, additional, Ingram, Julia A., additional, Iovan, Taro, additional, Isert, Samuel A., additional, Salcido-Alcontar, Antonio, additional, Jacobsen, Thomas, additional, Jaimes, Alan A, additional, Jameson, Connor, additional, Jarriel, J. R., additional, Jarvis, Sam, additional, Jenkins, Josh, additional, Jensen, Alexander V., additional, Jeong, Jacob, additional, Jeseritz, Luke A., additional, Jesse, Trevor, additional, Ji, Soo Yeun, additional, Jiang, Yufan, additional, Johnson, Owen, additional, Johnson, Matthew, additional, Johnson, Sawyer, additional, Johnston, Julia, additional, Johnston, Braedon Y., additional, Jones, Olivia M., additional, Jones, M. R., additional, Jourabchi, Tara, additional, House, Tony A., additional, Juels, Parker, additional, T. Kainz, Sabrina J. H., additional, Kaiser, Emily, additional, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, additional, Kalmus, Madison H., additional, Kalra, Etash, additional, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, additional, Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, additional, Kapla, Shaun D., additional, Karsh, Brennan J., additional, Keating, Caden J., additional, Kelley, Morgan A., additional, Kelley, Michael P., additional, Kelly, Nicholas, additional, Kelly, James, additional, Kelly, Teagan, additional, Kelly, Christopher M, additional, Kennedy, Kellen, additional, Kennedy, Cayla J., additional, Kennedy, Forrest, additional, Kennedy, Abigail, additional, Kerr-Layton, Liana, additional, Ketterer, Marilyn, additional, Khan, Ibraheem A., additional, Khan, Usman, additional, Khanal, Sapriya, additional, Kiechlin, Jack L., additional, Killian, Dominic, additional, Kim, Kevin, additional, Kim, Brian T., additional, Kim, Matthew M., additional, Kim, Jake, additional, Kimlicko, Aspen, additional, Kipp, Isabel M, additional, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., additional, Kissner, Natalie, additional, Kite, Emily R., additional, Kleinhaus, Olivia R., additional, Knott, Philip Whiting, additional, Koch, Will, additional, Koenig, Greta, additional, Koke, Emily, additional, Kokes, Thomas, additional, Kothamdi, Yash S., additional, Krajnak, Zack, additional, Kresek, Zoe M., additional, Kriegman, Dylan, additional, Kritzberg, Jake E., additional, Krueger, Davis J., additional, Kubiak, Bartlomiej, additional, Kuehl, Kirsten, additional, Kuester, Chrisanne, additional, Kuiper, Nicolas A., additional, Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, additional, Kuybus, Connor, additional, Kwiatkowski, Daniel, additional, Lafemina, Quintin Y., additional, Lacjak, Kevin, additional, Lahmers, Kyle, additional, Lam, Antonia, additional, Landrey, Kalin, additional, Lantz, Maxwell B., additional, Larter, Zachary, additional, Lau, Benjamin P., additional, Lauzon, Megan, additional, Lawlor, Rian, additional, Learned, Tyler, additional, Lee, E. C., additional, Lee, Junwon, additional, Lee, Adrianna J., additional, Lee, Justin, additional, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, additional, Lee, Christian J, additional, Lee, Nathaniel F., additional, Leiker, Linzhi, additional, Lengerich, Dylan, additional, Leoni, Cecilia, additional, Lezak, Adrienne R., additional, Li, David Y., additional, Li, Isaac, additional, Liao, Ryan Z., additional, Linders, Bridget, additional, Linger, Morgan I, additional, Linnane, Katherine B., additional, Lippincott, Sam, additional, Lister, Barrett, additional, Litton, Shelby D, additional, Liu, Nianzi, additional, Liu, Steven Y., additional, Logan, Timothy W., additional, Londres, Nathan, additional, Lonergan, Mia C., additional, Lookhoff, Emily, additional, Loomis, N. E., additional, Lopez, Christian, additional, Loring, Justin, additional, Lucca, Jeffrey, additional, Lukianow, Dax, additional, M. Cheang, Nathan, additional, Macdonald, William, additional, Madonna, Claire A., additional, Madsen, Kasey O., additional, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., additional, Mallory, Macguire, additional, Malone, Ryan A., additional, Maly, Blake, additional, Manzanares, Xander R., additional, Maravi, Aimee S., additional, Marcus, Serafima M., additional, Marikar, Nasreen, additional, Marquez, Josie A., additional, Marquez, Mathew J., additional, Marsh, Lauren, additional, Marsh, Toni, additional, Martin, Logan S., additional, Martinez, Alexa M., additional, Martinez, Jose R., additional, Martinez, Hazelia K., additional, Martyr, Cara, additional, Masri, Mirna, additional, Matessi, Giorgio, additional, Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Adam Izz, additional, Mathieson, Randi M., additional, Mathur, Kabir P., additional, Mauer, Graham, additional, Mayer, Victoria A., additional, Mazzotta, Liam, additional, Mccammon, Glen S., additional, Mcconvey, Rowan, additional, Mccormick, Tyler, additional, Mccoy, Andrew, additional, Mcentee, Kelleen, additional, Mcgarvey, Meaghan V., additional, Mcgill, Riley M., additional, Mcintyre, James K., additional, Mckemey, Finbar K., additional, Mcmorris, Zane, additional, Mcmullan, Jesse J., additional, Mcquaid, Ella, additional, Mcvey, Caden, additional, Mccurry, Kyle, additional, Medellin, Mateo M., additional, Medialdea, Melissa, additional, Mehidic, Amar, additional, Meillon, Stella, additional, Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., additional, Mellett, Sarah, additional, Menassa, Dominic, additional, Mendez, Citlali, additional, Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, additional, Menke, Riley, additional, Mesgina, Sarah, additional, Mewhirter, William J., additional, Meyer, Ethan, additional, Miften, Aya M., additional, Miles, Ethan J., additional, Miller, Andrew, additional, Miller, Joshua B., additional, Millican, Emily B., additional, Millican, Sarah J., additional, Mills, Dylan P., additional, Minimo, Josh, additional, Misener, Jay H., additional, Mitchell, Alexander J., additional, Mizzi, Alexander Z., additional, Molina-Saenz, Luis, additional, Moll, Tyler S, additional, Moll, Hayden, additional, Montano, Maximus, additional, Montoya, Michael, additional, Monyek, Eli, additional, Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, additional, Morales, Gavin, additional, Morales, Genaro, additional, Morelock, Annalise M., additional, Morency, Cora, additional, Moreno, Angel J., additional, Morgan, Remy, additional, Moss, Alexander P., additional, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., additional, Mueller, Alexander, additional, Mulcahy, Owen T., additional, Mundy, Aria T., additional, Muniz, Alexis A., additional, Murphy, Maxwell J., additional, Murphy, Madalyn C., additional, Murphy, Ryan C., additional, Murrel, Tyler, additional, Musgrave, Andrew J., additional, Myer, Michael S., additional, Nandu, Kshmya, additional, Napoletano, Elena R., additional, Naqi, Abdulaziz, additional, Narayan, Anoothi, additional, Nasser, Liebe, additional, Neeland, Brenna K, additional, Nehring, Molly, additional, Nelson, Maya Li, additional, Nguyen, Lena P., additional, Nguyen, Lena, additional, Nguyen, Leonardo, additional, Nguyen, Valerie A., additional, Nguyen, Khoa D, additional, Norden, Kelso, additional, Norris, Cooper, additional, Nunes-Valdes, Dario, additional, Nussbaum, Rosemary O., additional, O’Sullivan, Cian, additional, O’Neill, Ian, additional, Oakes, S. 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J., additional

Published
2023
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41. SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Investigation Using Contact Tracing and Whole-Genome Sequencing in an Ontario Tertiary Care Hospital

Author

Tsang, Kara K., primary, Ahmad, Shehryar, additional, Aljarbou, Alanoud, additional, Al Salem, Mohammed, additional, Baker, Sheridan J. C., additional, Panousis, Emily M., additional, Derakhshani, Hooman, additional, Rossi, Laura, additional, Nasir, Jalees A., additional, Bulir, David C., additional, Surette, Michael G., additional, Lee, Robyn S., additional, Smaill, Fiona, additional, Mertz, Dominik, additional, McArthur, Andrew G., additional, and Khan, Sarah, additional

Published
2023
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45. SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Investigation Using Contact Tracing and Whole-Genome Sequencing in an Ontario Tertiary Care Hospital

Author

Kara K. Tsang, Shehryar Ahmad, Alanoud Aljarbou, Mohammed Al Salem, Sheridan J. C. Baker, Emily M. Panousis, Hooman Derakhshani, Laura Rossi, Jalees A. Nasir, David C. Bulir, Michael G. Surette, Robyn S. Lee, Fiona Smaill, Dominik Mertz, Andrew G. McArthur, and Sarah Khan

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Cell Biology
Abstract

Our manuscript describes a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak investigation in an Ontario tertiary care hospital. We use traditional contract tracing paired with whole-genome sequencing to facilitate an understanding of the evolutionary history and transmission dynamics of this SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a clinical setting.

Published
2023
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48. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

James Paul Mason, Alexandra Werth, Colin G. West, Allison Youngblood, Donald L. Woodraska, Courtney L. Peck, Arvind J. Aradhya, Yijian Cai, David Chaparro, James W. Erikson, Koushik Ganesan, T. R. Geerdts, Thi D Hoang, Thomas M. Horning, Yan Jin, Haixin Liu, Noah Lordi, Zheng Luo, Thanmay S. Menon, Josephine C. Meyer, Emma E Nelson, Kristin A. Oliver, Jorge L Ramirez Ortiz, Andrew Osborne, Alyx Patterson, Nick Pellatz, John Pitten, Nanako Shitara, Daniel Steckhahn, Aseem Visal, Hongda Wang, Chaoran Wang, Evan Wickenden, John Wilson, Mengyu Wu, Nikolay Yegovtsev, Ingrid H Zimmermann, James Holland Aaron, Jumana T. Abdullah, Jonathan M. Abrams, Riley Abrashoff, Andres B. Acevedo, Iker Acha, Daniela M. Meza Acosta, Megan M. Adam, Dante Q. Adams, Kalvyn N Adams, Elena R Adams, Zainab A. Akbar, Ushmi H. Akruwala, Adel Al-Ghazwi, Batool H. Alabbas, Areej A. Alawadhi, Yazeed A. Alharbi, Mohammed S. Alahmed, Mohammed A. Albakr, Yusef J. Albalushi, Jonathan Albaum, Ahmed Aldhamen, Nolan Ales, Mohammad Alesmail, Abdulelah Alhabeeb, Dania Alhamli, Isehaq Alhuseini, Suhail Alkaabi, Tameem Alkhezzi, Mohamed Alkubaisi, Nasser Allanqawi, Martin Allsbrook, Yousef A. Almohsen, Justin Thomas Almquist, Teeb Alnaji, Yousef A Alnasrallah, Nicholas Alonzi, Meshal Alosaimi, Emeen Alqabani, Mohammad Alrubaie, Reema A. Alsinan, Ava L. Altenbern, Abdullah Altokhais, Saleh A. Alyami, Federico Ameijenda, Hamzi Amer, Meggan Amos, Hunter J. Anderson, Carter Andrew, Jesse C Andringa, Abigail Angwin, Gabreece Van Anne, Andrew Aramians, Camila Villamil Arango, Jack. W. Archibald, Brian A. Arias-Robles, Maryam Aryan, Kevin Ash, Justin Astalos, N. S. Atchley-Rivers, Dakota N. Augenstein, Bryce W. Austin, Abhinav Avula, Matthew C. Aycock, Abdulrahman A. Baflah, Sahana Balaji, Brian Balajonda, Leo M Balcer, James O. Baldwin, David J Banda, Titus Bard, Abby Barmore, Grant M. Barnes, Logan D. W. Barnhart, Kevin M. Barone, Jessica L. Bartman, Claire Bassel, Catalina S Bastias, Batchimeg Bat-Ulzii, Jasleen Batra, Lexi Battist, Joshua Bay, Simone Beach, Sara Beard, Quinn I Beato, Ryan Beattie, Thomas Beatty, Tristan De La Beaujardiere, Jacob N. Beauprez, M. G. Beck, Lily Beck, Simone E. Becker, Braden Behr, Timothy A. Behrer, Joshua Beijer, Brennan J. Belei, Annelene L. Belknap, Aislyn Bell, Caden Bence, Evan Benke, Naomi Berhanu, Zachary D. Berriman-Rozen, Chrisanna Bertuccio, Owen A. Berv, Blaine B. Biediger, Samuel J Biehle, Brennen Billig, Jacob Billingsley, Jayce A. Billman, Connor J. Biron, Gabrielle E. Bisacca, Cassidy A. Blake, Guillermo Blandon, Olivia Blevins, Ethan Blouin, Michal Bodzianowski, Taylor A. Boeyink, Matthew Bondar, Lauren Bone, Alberto Espinosa De Los Monteros Bonilla, William T Borelli, Luke R. Borgerding, Troy Bowen, Christine Boyer, Aidan Boyer, Aidan P. Boyle, Tom Boyne, Donovan Branch, Ariana E. Brecl, David J. Brennan, Alexander J Brimhall, Jennifer L. Brockman, Sarah Brookins, Gabriel T. Brown, Cameron L. Brown, Ryan Brown, Jordi Brownlow, Grant Brumage-Heller, Preston J. Brumley, Samuel Bryan, A. Brzostowicz, Maryam Buhamad, Gigi Bullard-Connor, J. R. Ramirez Bunsow, Annemarie C. Burns, John J. Burritt, Nicholas David Burton, Taylor Burton, Celeste Busch, Dylan R. Butler, B. W. Buxton, Malena C. Toups, Carter C. Cabbage, Breonna Cage, Jackson R. Cahn, Andrew J Campbell, Braden P. Canales, Alejandro R. Cancio, Luke Carey, Emma L. Carillion, Michael Andrew Carpender, Emily Carpenter, Shivank Chadda, Paige Chambers, Jasey Chanders, Olivia M. Chandler, Ethan C. Chang, Mitchell G. Chapman, Logan T. Chapman, S. Chavali, Luis Chavez, Kevin Chen, Lily Chen, Sam Chen, Judy Chen, Jenisha Chhetri, Bradyn Chiles, Kayla M. Chizmar, Katherine E Christiansen, Nicholas A. Cisne, Alexis Cisneros, David B. Clark, Evelyn Clarke, Peter C Clarkson, Alexis R. Clausi, Brooke Cochran, Ryan W. Coe, Aislinn Coleman-Plante, Jake R. Colleran, Zachary Colleran, Curran Collier, Nathaniel A. Collins, Sarah Collins, Jack C. Collins, Michael Colozzi, Aurora Colter, Rebecca A. Cone, Thomas C. Conroy, Reese Conti, Charles J. Contizano, Destiny J. Cool, Nicholas M. Cooper, Jessica S Corbitt, Jonas Courtney, Olivia Courtney, Corben L. Cox, Wilmsen B. Craig, Joshua B. Creany, Anastasia Crews, K. A. Crocker, A. J. Croteau, Christian J. Crow, Zoe Cruse, Avril Cruz, Tyler L. Curnow, Hayden Current, Riley T. Curry, Libby Cutler, Aidan St. Cyr, Frederick M. Dabberdt, Johnston Daboub, Olivia Damgaard, Swagatam Das, Emma A. B. Davis, Elyse Debarros, Sean Deel, Megan E. Delasantos, Tianyue Deng, Zachary Derwin, Om Desai, Kai Dewey, John S. Dias, Kenzie A. Dice, R. Dick, Cyrus A. Dicken, Henry Dietrick, Alexis M. Dinser, Alyssa M. Dixon, Thomas J. Dixon, Helen C. Do, Chris H Doan, Connor Doane, Joshua Dodrill, Timothy Doermer, Lizbeth Montoya Dominguez, J. Dominguez, Emerson N. Domke, Caroline R. Doran, Jackson A. Dorr, Philip Dorricott, Danielle C. Dresdner, Michael Driscoll, Kailer H. Driscoll, Sheridan J. Duncan, Christian Dunlap, Gabrielle M. Dunn, Tien Q. Duong, Tomi Oshima Dupeyron, Peter Dvorak, Andrew East, Andrew N. East, Bree Edwards, Lauren Ehrlich, Sara I. Elbashir, Rasce Engelhardt, Jacob Engelstad, Colin England, Andrew Enrich, Abbey Erickson, Benjamin Erickson, Nathan Evans, Calvin A Ewing, Elizabeth A. Eyeson, Ian Faber, Avery M. Fails, John T Fauntleroy, Kevin Fell, Zitian Feng, Logan D. Fenwick, Nikita Feoktistov, Ryann Fife, John Alfred D. Figueirinhas, Jean-Paul Fisch, Emmalee Fischer, Jules Fischer-White, Aidan F. Fitton, Alexander Fix, Lydia Flackett, Fernando Flores, Aidan Floyd, Leonardo Del Foco, Adeduni Folarin, Aidan E. Forbes, Elise Fortino, Benjamin L. Fougere, Alexandra A. Fowler, Margaret Fox, James M. French, Katherine V. French, Florian G. Frick, Calvin R. Fuchs, Bethany E. S. Fuhrman, Sebastian Furney, Moutamen Gabir, Gabriela Galarraga, Skylar Gale, Keala C. Gapin, A. J. Garscadden, Rachel Gasser, Lily Gayou, Emily E. Gearhart, Jane Geisman, Julianne R. Geneser, Sl Genne, Julia G Gentile, Eleanor Gentry, Jacob D. George, Nathaniel James Georgiades, Phillip Gerhardstein, Clint Gersabeck, Bandar Abu Ghaith, Dorsa Ghiassi, B. C. Giebner, Dalton Gilmartin, Connor B. Gilpatrick, Michael Gjini, Olivia Golden, Nathan T. Golding, C. A. Goldsberry, Angel R. Gomez, Angel A. Gomez, Sean Gopalakrishnan, Mariam Gopalani, Nicholas Gotlib, Alaina S. Graham, Michael J Gray, Alannah H. Gregory, Joshua A. Gregory, Kristyn Grell, Justus Griego, Nicholas F. Griffin, Kyle J. Griffin, Matt Guerrero, Nicole Gunderson, Mutian Guo, E. R. Gustavsson, Grace K. Hach, L. N. Haile, Jessica Haines, Jack J. Mc Hale, Ryder Buchanan Hales, Mark S. Haley, Jacqueline L. Hall, Sean R. Hamilton, Soonhee Han, Tyler Hand, Luke C. Hanley, Connor M Hansen, Joshua A. Hansen, Jonathan Hansson, Tony Yunfei Hao, Nicholas Haratsaris, Isabelle Hardie, Dillon F. Hardwick, Cameron T. Hares, Logan Swous Harris, Coyle M. Harris, Omer Hart, Kyle Hashiro, Elsie Hattendorf, Calder Haubrich, Elijah Hawat, Griffin A. Hayrynen, Danielle A. Heintz, Tim Hellweg, Angel Hernandez, Emanuel Herrera, Robert N. Herrington, Tim Herwig, Troy M. Hesse, Quinn Hiatt, Lea Pearl Hibbard, Imari R. Hicks, Andrew J. Hicks, Nigel Highhouse, Annalise K. Hildebrand, Paula Hill, Hallie Hill, Evan Hintsa, Anna E. Hirschmann, Travis Hitt, Ella Ho, Isabelle J. Hoff, Alex Hoffman, Blake A. Hogen, Linda Horne, Timothy J Houck, Noah H. Howell, E. M. Hrudka, J. Hu, Jianyang Huang, Chenqi Huang, Shancheng Huang, Zachary A. Hudson, Nathan C. Hudson, Tyler J. Huebsch, Owen Hull, Samuel C Hunter, Troy Husted, Abigail P. Hutabarat, Leslie Huynh, Antonio E. Samour Ii, Yolande Idoine, Julia A. Ingram, Taro Iovan, Samuel A. Isert, Antonio Salcido-Alcontar, Thomas Jacobsen, Alan A Jaimes, Connor Jameson, J. R. Jarriel, Sam Jarvis, Josh Jenkins, Alexander V. Jensen, Jacob Jeong, Luke A. Jeseritz, Trevor Jesse, Soo Yeun Ji, Yufan Jiang, Owen Johnson, Matthew Johnson, Sawyer Johnson, Julia Johnston, Braedon Y. Johnston, Olivia M. Jones, M. R. Jones, Tara Jourabchi, Tony A. House, Parker Juels, Sabrina J. H. T. Kainz, Emily Kaiser, Nicolas Ian Kallemeyn, Madison H. Kalmus, Etash Kalra, Margaret Kamenetskiy, Jeerakit Kanokthippayakun, Shaun D. Kapla, Brennan J. Karsh, Caden J. Keating, Morgan A. Kelley, Michael P. Kelley, Nicholas Kelly, James Kelly, Teagan Kelly, Christopher M Kelly, Kellen Kennedy, Cayla J. Kennedy, Forrest Kennedy, Abigail Kennedy, Liana Kerr-Layton, Marilyn Ketterer, Ibraheem A. Khan, Usman Khan, Sapriya Khanal, Jack L. Kiechlin, Dominic Killian, Kevin Kim, Brian T. Kim, Matthew M. Kim, Jake Kim, Aspen Kimlicko, Isabel M Kipp, Hunter B. Kirkpatrick, Natalie Kissner, Emily R. Kite, Olivia R. Kleinhaus, Philip Whiting Knott, Will Koch, Greta Koenig, Emily Koke, Thomas Kokes, Yash S. Kothamdi, Zack Krajnak, Zoe M. Kresek, Dylan Kriegman, Jake E. Kritzberg, Davis J. Krueger, Bartlomiej Kubiak, Kirsten Kuehl, Chrisanne Kuester, Nicolas A. Kuiper, Aman Priyadarshi Kumar, Connor Kuybus, Daniel Kwiatkowski, Quintin Y. Lafemina, Kevin Lacjak, Kyle Lahmers, Antonia Lam, Kalin Landrey, Maxwell B. Lantz, Zachary Larter, Benjamin P. Lau, Megan Lauzon, Rian Lawlor, Tyler Learned, E. C. Lee, Junwon Lee, Adrianna J. Lee, Justin Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan Lee, Christian J Lee, Nathaniel F. Lee, Linzhi Leiker, Dylan Lengerich, Cecilia Leoni, Adrienne R. Lezak, David Y. Li, Isaac Li, Ryan Z. Liao, Bridget Linders, Morgan I Linger, Katherine B. Linnane, Sam Lippincott, Barrett Lister, Shelby D Litton, Nianzi Liu, Steven Y. Liu, Timothy W. Logan, Nathan Londres, Mia C. Lonergan, Emily Lookhoff, N. E. Loomis, Christian Lopez, Justin Loring, Jeffrey Lucca, Dax Lukianow, Nathan M. Cheang, William Macdonald, Claire A. Madonna, Kasey O. Madsen, Tiffany E. Maksimuk, Macguire Mallory, Ryan A. Malone, Blake Maly, Xander R. Manzanares, Aimee S. Maravi, Serafima M. Marcus, Nasreen Marikar, Josie A. Marquez, Mathew J. Marquez, Lauren Marsh, Toni Marsh, Logan S. Martin, Alexa M. Martinez, Jose R. Martinez, Hazelia K. Martinez, Cara Martyr, Mirna Masri, Giorgio Matessi, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Randi M. Mathieson, Kabir P. Mathur, Graham Mauer, Victoria A. Mayer, Liam Mazzotta, Glen S. Mccammon, Rowan Mcconvey, Tyler Mccormick, Andrew Mccoy, Kelleen Mcentee, Meaghan V. Mcgarvey, Riley M. Mcgill, James K. Mcintyre, Finbar K. Mckemey, Zane Mcmorris, Jesse J. Mcmullan, Ella Mcquaid, Caden Mcvey, Kyle Mccurry, Mateo M. Medellin, Melissa Medialdea, Amar Mehidic, Stella Meillon, Jonah B. Meiselman-Ashen, Sarah Mellett, Dominic Menassa, Citlali Mendez, Patricia Mendoza-Anselmi, Riley Menke, Sarah Mesgina, William J. Mewhirter, Ethan Meyer, Aya M. Miften, Ethan J. Miles, Andrew Miller, Joshua B. Miller, Emily B. Millican, Sarah J. Millican, Dylan P. Mills, Josh Minimo, Jay H. Misener, Alexander J. Mitchell, Alexander Z. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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