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The effects of putrescine on improving rice growth under aluminum (Al) toxicity conditions have been previously demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, treatment with 50 μmol/L Al significantly decreased rice root growth and whole rice dry weight, inhibited Ca2+ uptake, decreased ATP synthesis, and increased Al, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, whereas the application of putrescine mitigated these negative effects. Putrescine increased root growth and total dry weight of rice, reduced total Al content, decreased H2O2 and MDA contents by increasing antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) activities, increased Ca2+ uptake and energy production. Proteomic analyses using data-independent acquisition successfully identified 7 934 proteins, and 59 representative proteins exhibiting fold-change values higher than 1.5 were randomly selected. From the results of the proteomic and biochemical analyses, we found that putrescine significantly inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and phosphorus uptake in rice roots, increased pectin methylation, decreased pectin content and apoplastic Al deposition in rice roots. Putrescine also alleviated Al toxicity by repairing damaged DNA and increasing the proteins involved in maintaining plasma membrane integrity and normal cell proliferation. These findings improve our understanding of how putrescine affects the rice response to Al toxicity, which will facilitate further studies on environmental protection, crop safety, innovations in rice performance and real-world production. more...

In this research, the mulberry wine was prepared using mulberry as raw material, and then mulberry spirit was obtained by mulberry wine distillation. The fermentation process of original wine of mulberry spirit was optimized by single factor and response surface experiments and the physicochemical indexes were determined by conventional methods. The volatile flavor components contents in mulberry spirit were determined by gas chromatograph (GC). The key aroma components were screened by aroma activity values (OAV). The results showed that the optimal fermentation process conditions of original wine of mulberry spirit were obtained as follows: fermentation temperature 32 ℃, initial sugar content 24%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae addition 2%, and fermentation time 50 d. Under these optimized conditions, the ethyl lactate contents, alcohol content, total acid, total ester and soluble solids contents in original wine of mulberry spirit were 0.2 mg/L, 12%vol, 5.3 g/L, 5.9 g/L and 4.8 g/L, respectively. A total of 33 volatile flavor components were detected in mulberry spirit, including 9 alcohols, 7 acids, 15 esters, 1 aldehyde, and 1 ketone. There are 15 key aroma components (OVA>1), of which benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate and ethyl lactate contributed more to the flavor of mulberry spirit. more...

The oil derived from Psidium guajava seeds (TKSO) exhibits an abundance of diverse unsaturated fatty acids, notably oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, conferring substantial health advantages in addressing metabolic irregularities and human diseases. This research endeavor focused on elucidating the impacts of TKSO on colonic inflammatory responses and intestinal microbiota alterations in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), demonstrated that substantial supplementation with TKSO reduces the severity of colitis induced by DSS. Furthermore, TKSO effectively attenuated the abundance and expression of proinflammatory mediators while augmenting the expression of tight junction proteins in DSS-challenged mice. Beyond this, TKSO intervention modulated the intestinal microbial composition in DSS-induced colitis mice, specifically by enhancing the relative presence of Lactobacillus, Norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, while concurrently diminishing the abundance of Turicibacter. Additionally, an analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) revealed noteworthy elevations in acetic, propionic, isobutyric, and butyric acids, and total SCFAs levels in TKSO-treated mice. In summary, these findings underscore the potential of TKSO to reduce the severity of colitis induced by DSS in mice through intricate modulation of the intestinal microbiota, metabolite profiles, and intestinal barrier repair, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies against intestinal inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Obesity has become one of the most serious chronic diseases threatening human health. Its onset and progression are closely related to the intestinal microbiota, as disruption of the intestinal flora promotes the production of endotoxins and induces an inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the physicochemical properties of various refined tea seed oils and their impact on intestinal microbiota disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) through dietary intervention. In the present study, C57BL/6J mice on a HFD were randomly divided into three groups: HFD, T-TSO, and N-TSO. T-TSO and N-TSO mice were given traditionally refined and optimized tea seed oil for 12 weeks. The data revealed that tea seed oil obtained through degumming at 70 °C, deacidification at 50 °C, decolorization at 90 °C, and deodorization at 180 °C (at 0.06 MPa for 1 h) effectively removed impurities while minimizing the loss of active ingredients. Additionally, the optimized tea seed oil mitigated fat accumulation and inflammatory responses resulting from HFD, and reduced liver tissue damage in comparison to traditional refining methods. More importantly, N-TSO can serve as a dietary supplement to enhance the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota, increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria (norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides) while reducing pathogenic bacteria (Alistipes and Mucispirillum). Therefore, in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, N-TSO can better ameliorate obesity compared with a T-TSO diet, which is promising in alleviating HFD-induced intestinal microbiota disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is a frequently used chemotherapeutic drug, but long‐term Cy treatment can cause immunosuppression and intestinal mucosal damage. The intestinal mucosal barrier and gut flora play important roles in regulating host metabolism, maintaining physiological functions and protecting immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora affects the development of the intestinal microenvironment, as well as the development of various external systemic diseases and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The present study investigated the influence of sciadonic acid (SA) on Cy‐induced immunosuppression in mice. The results showed that SA gavage significantly alleviated Cy‐induced immune damage by improving the immune system organ index, immune response and oxidative stress. Moreover, SA restored intestinal morphology, improved villus integrity and activated the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, stimulated cytokine production, and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicated that SA increased t beneficial bacteria (Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Rikenella and Odoribacter) and decreased pathogenic bacteria (norank‐f‐Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Desulfovibrio) to maintain intestinal homeostasis. CONCLUSION: The present study provided new insights into the SA regulation of intestinal flora to enhance immune responses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: To investigate the potential beneficial effects of sciadonic acid (SA) on improving obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Methods: Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were adaptively fed for one week and then randomly divided into the following groups: Control group (C), positive control group (S), model group (M), low-dose sciadonic acid group (LSA), medium-dose sciadonic acid group (MSA), and high-dose sciadonic acid group (HSA). The modeling process lasted for 16 weeks, and the low and high-dose groups were orally administered different doses of SA solution at a fixed time each day. After the modeling period, potential mechanisms of SA in regulating lipid metabolism in obese mice were explored, including aspects such as blood lipid metabolism, hepatic fat metabolism, hepatic oxidative stress, hepatic lipid synthesis, and expression of metabolism-related genes. Results: The high-dose SA intervention in obese mice significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05). It inhibited weight gain, reduced epididymal fat accumulation, and improved liver tissue damage. Additionally, SA significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the production of oxidative end products MDA (P<0.05), alleviated oxidative stress in vivo, and inhibited lipid synthesis by regulating the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism to improve lipid metabolism. Conclusion: SA could improve lipid metabolism disorders in obese mice by suppressing fat accumulation, alleviate oxidative stress, regulate lipid synthesis and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...