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In northern China’s cold regions, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) exceeds 50%, significantly higher than the national and global rates. MASLD is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and tumors, with no specific therapeutic drugs currently available. The ethanol extract of cassia seed (CSEE) has shown promise in lowering blood lipids and improving hepatic steatosis, but its mechanism in treating MASLD remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of CSEE.

ObjectiveTo investigate the internal exposure levels of urinary five food additives among primary and secondary school students in Beijing.MethodsIn September 2016， 900 urine samples were collected from children and adolescents in primary and secondary schools in two districts of Beijing. The concentrations of five food additives were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy， including benzoic acid， acesulfame， cyclamate， saccharin， and 4-hexylresorcinol. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values were calculated to assess the health risks according to age groups.ResultsCyclamate and saccharin were detected in all urine samples and the detection frequency of acesulfame was 96.3%. The median concentration （4 788.5 ng/mL） of cyclamate was significantly higher than that of the other four food additives （84.1 ng/mL for saccharin， 92.6 ng/mL for acesulfame， 235.9 ng/mL for benzoic acid， and 7.6 ng/mL for 4-hexylresorcinol）. Urinary concentration of benzoic acid was higher in students aged from 7 to 12 than in the students aged from 13 to 17 （P

ObjectiveTo develop an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） analytical method for the determination of cyanuric acid in the outer packaging of imported cold-chain food.MethodsA 50% aqueous acetonitrile solution was used as an extraction solvent. The extraction was performed by shaking the samples. The sample was centrifuged， and the supernatant was transferred for injection. Cyanuric acid was separated using a Waters ACQUITY BEH HILIC （2.1×100 mm， 1.7 μm）. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and a 10 mmol/L aqueous ammonium acetate solution. An isocratic elution was also performed. Cyanuric acid was detected using UHPLC-MS/MS.ResultsGood linearity was achieved， with a correlation coefficient above 0.999 0. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method were 5.0-20.0 and 20.0-50.0 μg/kg， respectively. The mean recoveries at low， middle， and high spiked levels were 80.0%-96.6%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were

ObjectiveA method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine novel brominated fire retardants （NBFRs） in milk by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography­tandem mass spectrometry （APGC­MS/MS）， and the extraction solvent and clean­up method were optimized.MethodsThe freeze­dried milk samples were extracted by hexane/dichloromethane （1∶1， V/V）， cleaned up by GPC and further degreased by sulfuric acid， and then analyzed by Multi­selected reaction monitoring（MRM） mode.ResultsThe result showed that there were good linear relationships for the target compounds in a certain concentration range， with their correlation coefficients （R2） no less than 0.99. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification （LOQs） were 0.000 2-0.098 4 μg/L （fw） and 0.000 5-0.295 2 μg/L （fw）， respectively. The spiked recoveries were 73.94%-116.98% with RSD not more than 19.30% using blank milk. The method has been successfully applied to 22 milk samples. Among them， PBT， PBEB， EH­TBB， BTBPE and DBDPE were the major contaminants with the detection rates of 86.36%， 100.00%， 54.55%， 50.00% and 54.55%， respectively. The concentrations were 0.001-0.20 μg/L （fw）， < LOQ-0.06 μg/L （fw）， < LOQ-0.11 μg/L （fw） and < LOQ-0.85 μg/L （fw）， respectively.ConclusionThe method was sensitive， precise and accurate， and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 9 NBFRs in milk.

Food contamination of pathogenic bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. Accurate and rapid detections of pathogenic bacteria in food stuff are of great concerns， which are necessary to reduce outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Although traditional culture­based detection of pathogen are reliable and classical， they suffer from cumbersome and time­consuming. Recently， various detection strategies based on electrochemistry and optical spectroscopy using advanced nanomaterials and micro­analytical systems have emerged as portable and ultrasensitive sensing platform. This review focuses on several typical rapid detection method for foodborne pathogens， and emphasizes the negative effect of interference to these detection systems. Some sample processing method for achieving accurate detection are listed. Finally， taking typical food­borne pathogens as examples， the development status and future research directions of rapid detection technology are briefly described.

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination characteristic， antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli （E.coli） in raw chicken and raw pork in Beijing.MethodsA total of 259 meat samples （91 pork and 168 chicken） were randomly collected from large and small supermarkets and farmer’s markets in various regions of Beijing. E.coli was isolated after enrichment. The isolated strains were identified by MALDI­TOF/MS and 16 s rRNA sequencing. The Gram­negative bacteria drug sensitivity plate was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolated strains， and the whole genome was sequenced to analyze the antibiotic­resistant genotypes.Results169 strains of E.coli were isolated from 259 samples， with a detection rate was 65.25%， among which the detection rates of E.coli in chicken and pork were 77.38% and 42.86% respectively. The result of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that E.coli was highly resistant to trimethoprim­sulfamethoxazole （83.33% in chicken and 91.67% in pork）， followed by doxycycline （32.35% in chicken and 38.89% in pork）. Meanwhile， they also showed different degrees of antibiotic resistance against gentamicin， tobramycin， cefotaxime and colistin. Genotyping analysis found that β­lactam genes ampC1 and ampC2 had the highest carrying rate of 93.10% and 98.28%， respectively. In addition， multidrug resistance genotypes such as ESBL， NDM­1 and mcr­1 were also detected， among which blaTEM­1D and blaCTX­M-9 were the main ESBL resistance genes.ConclusionAt present， there is a serious E.coli contamination in raw meat in Beijing， especially in chicken. The isolated strains not only showed complex antibiotic­resistance phenotypes， but also carried a variety of antibiotic­resistance genotypes. The control of microbial contamination and bacterial drug resistance in fresh meat samples should be strengthened， especially ESBL­producing Escherichia coli， which provided a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.

ObjectiveScreening bio-samples from a food poisoning event based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS), and to provide strategies and references for patient treatment as well as the event response.MethodsVomits, gastric lavage and food samples were extracted by acidic acetonitrile and purified by C18 sorbent and analyzed using UPLC-QTOF MS under data independent acquisition mode. Peak identification and spectrum library retrieval were carried out by the Unifi software.ResultsHyoscyamine was detected in 5 human samples and the concentration was below 1 mg/kg. Azithromycin was also screened in one gastric lavage sample. No metabolites of hyoscyamine was found, which was consistent with the result of rat exposure experiment.ConclusionAccording to the screened result, it was inferred that this event was a family food poisoning caused by hyoscyamine. The UPLC-QTOF MS screening is of great significance in dealing with food poisoning emergencies.

IntroductionPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction. No therapeutic strategy is sufficient on its own for the management of dry mouth and therapeutic innovations are required.MethodsThis Predelfi study was a single-center, prospective, comparative, randomized, double-blind, cross-over controlled study with the primary objective of assessing the tolerance to and effectiveness of two adhesive biofilms (containing prebiotics and, sodium alginate, respectively) in patients with pSS and hyposialia (#NCT04206826 in ClinicalTrials.gov). Secondary objectives were to obtain initial data regarding the clinical effectiveness of such biofilms in the improvement of signs and symptoms related to dry mouth and potential changes in the oral microbiota. Ten pSS patients with pSS were included (9 females and 1 male) with a mean age of 58.1 ± 14.0 years.Results and discussionTolerance to the prebiotic and sodium alginate biofilms was assessed by the patients (visual analog scale [VAS] score 66.7 and 87.6, respectively) and the practitioner (90 and 100, respectively). The absolute changes in the VAS scores at the start and end of each treatment period highlighted an improvement in mouth dryness for the sodium alginate versus the prebiotic biofilm. The VAS scores for other parameters (mouth burning sensation; taste alteration; chewing; swallowing and speech difficulties) remained globally comparable between the two groups. Unstimulated salivary flow showed no changes regardless of the biofilm used. Regarding the oral microbiota, the sodium alginate biofilm increased the abundance of the Treponema genus, whereas the use of the prebiotic biofilm as the first treatment increased the abundance of the genera Veillonella and Prevotella. Nevertheless, the prebiotic biofilm appeared to stimulate “milder” genera with regard to periodontal infections. Furthermore, pre-treatment with the prebiotic biofilm prevented the emergence of the Treponema genus induced by subsequent treatment with the sodium alginate biofilm, suggesting a potential protective effect.

In order to solve the problem of low abnormal diagnosis rate of self-powered power supply system, an improved grey wolf optimization-support vector machine (GWO-SVM) algorithm combined with maximal information coefficient (MIC) are proposed. First, the feature sets of 11 kinds of monitoring data are optimized and selected based on MIC for self-powered power supply system. By eliminating redundant variables and insensitive variables, feature variable sets with great influence on abnormal diagnosis are selected. Second, by upgrading the selection method of control parameter σ from linear to nonlinear, an improved GWO-SVM algorithm that can take into account both global and local search capabilities is proposed. Furthermore, the optimal feature set which has great influence on abnormal diagnosis is selected as the input of the proposed algorithm, and then the abnormal diagnosis method combining the improved GWO-SVM with MIC is constructed for self-powered power supply system. The specific algorithm flow and step are given. Finally, compared with other algorithm, the simulation experiments show that the GWO-SVM method has a higher accuracy and a higher recall rate for the abnormal diagnosis in the self-powered power supply system.

ObjectiveTo develop an analytical method for determination bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S in fruit (apple), vegetable (spinach), cereal (rice flour) and infant cereal supplement (infant formula rice flour) by compound immunoaffinity column coupled with high performance liquid chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.MethodsThe samples were extracted with acetonitrile or 80% methanol solution, purified by a compound immunoaffinity column, separated by ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column, and detected by HPLC-MS/MS.ResultsThe linearity of the three bisphenol compounds in the corresponding concentration range was good with relative coefficient of R2 greater than 0.999. The recoveries of the three kinds of bisphenol were in the range of 94.81%-111.12%, the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.25%-11.50%, and the matrix effect was in the range of -10.23%-5.46% at low, medium and high spiked concentrations. The limits of detection were 0.015-0.15 μg/kg and the limits of quantification were 0.05-0.5 μg/kg.ConclusionThis method is based on antigen and antibody specific binding immunoaffinity column to purify the samples, with good reproducibility and high sensitivity, and can effectively separate and detect bisphenol substances in apple, spinach, rice flour and infant formula rice flour. It could be applied to the qualitative and quantitative detection of bisphenol substances in these four kinds of food.

ObjectiveReference material candidates of bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F and bisphenol AF in infant formula milk powders were prepared, in order to provide technical basis and methodology for the further formation of certified reference materials, and fill the research gap in this field.MethodsThe commercial infant formula milk powders were selected to prepare the reference material candidates by the processes of water dissolution, standard addition, homogenization, drying, crushing, screening and packaging. The concentrations of the target compounds were determined by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. 25 bottles of samples were randomly selected for homogeneity study, and F test was used for statistical analysis. The long-term and short-term stability were studied by the quantitative analysis of samples stored at 25 ℃ for 12 months and at 60 ℃ for 7 d, respectively, and evaluated by univariate linear simulation equation.ResultsThe homogeneity and stability result of the prepared reference material candidates were satisfactory, which met the expected requirements.ConclusionThis work was expected to fill the gap in preparation of matrix reference materials for bisphenol A analogues, and provid material basis and technical support for the monitoring of bisphenol A analogues in food.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of chlorate and perchlorate in seasoning samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandems mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).MethodsSeasoning sample was ultrasonically extracted with acidic acetonitrile solution, and then purified with a graphitized carbon black (GCB) cartridge and an Ag/H cartridge. UPLC-MS/MS analysis was conducted under multi-reaction monitoring mode with isotope-labelled internal standard calibration for quantification.ResultsChlorate and perchlorate showed a good linearity (R2≥0.99) in the range of 1-1 000 μg/L and 0.1-100 μg/L, respectively. The limits of detection for chlorate and perchlorate were 3.0 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg, as well as the limits of quantification were 10 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of two compounds in seasoning samples at three spiked levels were 86.5%-113.7% and the relative standard deviations were 1.8%-15.3%. The detection rates of chlorate and perchlorate from 122 seasoning samples were 76.2% and 93.4%, with the maximum concentration of 30.4 mg/kg and 12.3 mg/kg, respectively.ConclusionThe method is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorate and perchlorate in seasoning. Further study should be focused on the perchlorate in seasoning products since its relative prevalence contamination.

Fentanyl analogues are laboratory-synthesized strong opioids with high addictive properties, simple preparation and easy derivatization. Their introduction to the drug market has shown increasing smuggling and illicit abuse worldwide. In addition, the toxic dose of fentanyl analogues is small, which can cause high mortality and pose a serious threat to public health in various countries. In this regard, 21 fentanyl-related substances were controlled by the United Nations cumulative regulations in 2018, and the Chinese government implemented the whole class control of fentanyl-related substances in 2019 in order to deal with the risk and harm caused by the problem of eating and injecting drugs, and protect people’s physical and mental health. Based on the social harmfulness of fentanyl analogues, we reviewed their properties, abuse method, laboratory detection and on-site rapid detection method. The development of detection technology and method is also briefly prospected in order to provide technical reference for drug inspection research.

Background: We aimed to: (1) analyze differences in both general (in terms of psychological well-being/discomfort, social functioning and coping, and psychological distress) and specific (depression, trait-anxiety, negative alcohol-related consequences, and suicidal risk) mental health state (MHS) in college students, residing in four different Argentinean regions (center, north, south, and the most populated) exposed to different spread-rates of the COVID-19; (2) analyze between-group differences in both general and specific MHS indicators at four quarantine sub-periods (twice prior, and twice following the first quarantine extension).Methods: We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample including 2,687 college students. Data was collected online during the Argentinean quarantine. We calculated one-way between-groups ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.Results: Regionally, the center and the most populated area differed in psychological well-being/discomfort and negative alcohol-related consequences, but not in the remaining MHS indicators. According to the quarantine sub-periods, there were differences in psychological well-being/discomfort, social functioning and coping, psychological distress, and negative alcohol-related consequences. Negative alcohol-related consequences were the only MHS indicator improving over time. For all of the remaining MHS indicators, we found a similar deterioration pattern in the course of time, with mean scores decreasing from the first to the 2nd week of the quarantine pre-extensions, then increasing toward the 1st week of the quarantine post-extension (with some MHS indicators reaching mean scores worse than the start), and then continued to increase.Conclusion: A worsened mean MHS during quarantine suggests that quarantine and its extensions contribute to negative mental health impacts.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace element that can enter the environment with industrial waste and accumulate in the body but the health effects of Cd on ternary pigs are still lacking in research. In order to explore the effect of Cd on the apoptosis of pig spleen and its mechanism, this study chose ternary pig as the research object to detect relevant indicators in pig spleen under Cd exposure. The results of this study showed that Cd exposure can induce apoptosis by promoting the absorption of various toxic trace elements in the spleen and inducing oxidative stress. We also found that the mechanism of Cd-induced apoptosis is closely related to the VDR/CREB1 pathway. On the one hand, Cd exposure can activate VDR, and indirectly regulate the CYP family, affecting the normal function of the spleen. On the other hand, VDR and its downstream genes antagonize the toxicity of Cd by maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial-related endoplasmic reticulum membrane structure. Our research will help researchers to further understand the physiological toxicity of Cd.

The aims of this research were threefold: 1) to analyze mental health state both general (GMHS, i.e., self-perceived health and psychological distress) and specific (SMHS; i.e., depression, trait-anxiety, negative alcohol-related consequences, and suicidal risk), and impulsivity-related traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, [lack of] perseverance, [lack of] premeditation, and sensation seeking) in a sample of Argentinean adolescent college students, in function of sex (women, men) and three different altitude-latitude regions (high-north, middle-center, low-south), for identifying common and specific features; 2) to analyze relationships between impulsivity-related traits and indicators of GMHS and SMHS, in the entire sample and in each altitude-latitude region, for understanding the importance of impulsivity-related traits in these forms of mental disorders; and 3) to analyze bivariate relationships between depression, trait-anxiety, negative alcohol-related consequences, and suicidal risk, in the entire sample and considering the three altitude-latitude regions, for testing two-disorder comorbidities. Scores on impulsivity-related traits differed by sex and by altitude-latitude region. GMHS and SMHS differed by sex but not by altitude-latitude region. Several relationships were found between impulsivity-related traits, GMHS, and SMHS as well as between indicators of SMHS. Some of these relationships were dependent on altitude-latitude regions, and implications of these findings were discussed.

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83, one of the most widely investigated, is considered virulent in the context of periodontitis. The recently isolated P. gingivalis TDC60 has been reported to be highly pathogenic, although it has not yet been investigated in a mouse periodontitis model by oral gavage. Aim: Our aim was to compare the virulence of both strains by evaluating their impact on alveolar bone loss and the composition of oral microbiota. Methods: We inoculated by oral gavage C57BL/6 mice with either one of the two P. gingivalis strains and compared to a sham-treated group, without antibiotics pre-treatment. The mandibular alveolar bone of treated mice and controls were assessed, one month after the final inoculation, by microCT measurements. Moreover, at this time, we characterized their oral microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: While P. gingivalis W83 successfully initiated periodontitis, TDC60-treated mice only experienced moderate lesions. Furthermore, only W83-treated mice exhibited a specific distinct microbiota, with significantly lower richness and evenness than other samples, and decreased proportions of taxa usually found in healthy individuals. Conclusion: This association between alveolar bone loss and a major persistent shift of the oral microbiota gives insights into virulence discrepancies among these bacterial strains.

Adjoint transformations and adjoint operators of Lie groups and Lie algebra are discussed in this paper to study the recursive dynamics of complex systems. The dynamics based on Lie groups and Lie algebra of tree topology systems is then developed. Efficient dynamics algorithms for closed-loop systems and flexible systems can be developed. Simulation results show that the dynamic problems can be solved quickly and efficiently using the method. This study provides a foundation for real-time control based on dynamics.

Lie groups and Lie algebras are used to study the recursive dynamics of flexible multi-body systems. First the adjoint transformations and adjoint operators of Lie groups and Lie algebras are discussed. Then the generalized mass matrix of flexible mechanical systems is built on the basis of modal vector. And then the inverse and forward dynamics of flexible mechanical systems are constructed. These two recursive formulas are of high efficient. Finally a four-bar model with flexible body is simulated with above method. The simulation results show that with the method can be solved quickly and efficiently.