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Laser-induced gauge fields in neutral atoms serve as a means of mimicking the effects of a magnetic field, providing researchers with a platform to explore behaviors analogous to those observed in condensed matter systems under real magnetic fields. Here, we propose a method to generate chiral motion in atomic excitations within the neutral atomic ground-state manifolds. This is achieved through the application of polychromatic driving fields coupled to the ground-Rydberg transition, along with unconventional Rydberg pumping. The scheme offers the advantage of arbitrary adjustment of the effective magnetic flux by setting the relative phases between different external laser fields. Additionally, the effective interaction strength between the atomic ground states can be maintained at 10 kHz, surpassing the capabilities of the previous approach utilizing Floquet modulation. Notably, the proposed method can be readily extended to implement a hexagonal neutral atom lattice, serving as the fundamental unit in realizing the Haldane model., Comment: Some typographical errors in the timeline of Fig.5(c), Eq.(14), and Eq.(A1) of the published version have been corrected

This work introduces ChemPlasKin, a freely accessible solver optimized for zero-dimensional (0D) simulations of chemical kinetics of neutral gas in non-equilibrium plasma environments. By integrating the electron Boltzmann equation solver, CppBOLOS, with the open-source combustion library, Cantera, at the source code level, ChemPlasKin computes time-resolved evolution of species concentration and gas temperature in a unified gas-plasma kinetics framework. The model allows high fidelity predictions of both chemical thermal effects and plasma-induced heating, including fast gas heating and slower vibrational-translational relaxation processes. Additionally, a new heat loss model is developed for nanosecond pulsed discharges, specifically within pin-pin electrode configurations. With its versatility, ChemPlasKin is well-suited for a wide range of applications, from plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) to fuel reforming. In this paper, the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of ChemPlasKin are validated through a number of test problems, demonstrating its utility in advancing gas-plasma kinetic studies., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures

Long baseline diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis technology by interferometry plays an important role in scientific study and practical application. In contrast to amplitude (phase) interferometry, intensity interferometry -- which exploits the quantum nature of light to measure the photon bunching effect in thermal light -- is robust against atmospheric turbulence and optical defects. However, a thermal light source typically has a significant divergence angle and a low average photon number per mode, forestalling the applicability over long ranges. Here, we propose and demonstrate active intensity interferometry for super-resolution imaging over the kilometer range. Our scheme exploits phase-independent multiple laser emitters to produce the thermal illumination and uses an elaborate computational algorithm to reconstruct the image. In outdoor environments, we image two-dimension millimeter-level targets over 1.36 kilometers at a resolution of 14 times the diffraction limit of a single telescope. High-resolution optical imaging and sensing are anticipated by applying long-baseline active intensity interferometry in general branches of physics and metrology., Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures

Dense atom ensembles with Rydberg excitations display intriguing collective effects mediated by their strong, long-range dipole-dipole interactions. These collective effects, often modeled using Rydberg superatoms, have gained significant attention across various fields due to their potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics. In this review article, we delve into the theoretical foundations of Rydberg interactions and explore experimental techniques for their manipulation and detection. We also discuss the latest advancements in harnessing Rydberg collective effects for quantum computation and optical quantum technologies. By synthesizing insights from theoretical studies and experimental demonstrations, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field and its potential impact on the future of quantum technologies., Comment: Revised according to the comments of referees

High-dimensional quantum entanglement characterizes the entanglement of quantum systems within a larger Hilbert space, introducing more intricate and complex correlations among the entangled particles' states. The high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, symbolic of this type of entanglement, is of significant importance in various quantum information processing applications. This study proposes integrating a neutral atom platform with quantum reservoir engineering to generate a high-dimensional GHZ state deterministically. Leveraging the advantages of neutral atoms in a modified unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism, combined with controlled dissipation, we achieve a three-dimensional GHZ state with a fidelity surpassing 99\% through multiple pump and dissipation cycles. This innovative approach paves the way for experimentally feasible, deterministic preparation of high-dimensional GHZ states in Rydberg atom systems, thereby advancing the capabilities of quantum information processing., Comment: Accepted by Applied Physics Letters, 7 pages, 5 figures

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant accomplishments in various exploratory tasks, even surpassing the performance of traditional reinforcement learning-based methods that have historically dominated the agent-based field. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of LLMs in executing real-time strategy war tasks within the StarCraft II gaming environment. In this paper, we introduce SwarmBrain, an embodied agent leveraging LLM for real-time strategy implementation in the StarCraft II game environment. The SwarmBrain comprises two key components: 1) a Overmind Intelligence Matrix, powered by state-of-the-art LLMs, is designed to orchestrate macro-level strategies from a high-level perspective. This matrix emulates the overarching consciousness of the Zerg intelligence brain, synthesizing strategic foresight with the aim of allocating resources, directing expansion, and coordinating multi-pronged assaults. 2) a Swarm ReflexNet, which is agile counterpart to the calculated deliberation of the Overmind Intelligence Matrix. Due to the inherent latency in LLM reasoning, the Swarm ReflexNet employs a condition-response state machine framework, enabling expedited tactical responses for fundamental Zerg unit maneuvers. In the experimental setup, SwarmBrain is in control of the Zerg race in confrontation with an Computer-controlled Terran adversary. Experimental results show the capacity of SwarmBrain to conduct economic augmentation, territorial expansion, and tactical formulation, and it shows the SwarmBrain is capable of achieving victory against Computer players set at different difficulty levels.

Automatic prostate segmentation in TRUS images has always been a challenging problem, since prostates in TRUS images have ambiguous boundaries and inhomogeneous intensity distribution. Although many prostate segmentation methods have been proposed, they still need to be improved due to the lack of sensibility to edge information. Consequently, the objective of this study is to devise a highly effective prostate segmentation method that overcomes these limitations and achieves accurate segmentation of prostates in TRUS images. A 3D edge-aware attention generative adversarial network (3D EAGAN)-based prostate segmentation method is proposed in this paper, which consists of an edge-aware segmentation network (EASNet) that performs the prostate segmentation and a discriminator network that distinguishes predicted prostates from real prostates. The proposed EASNet is composed of an encoder-decoder-based U-Net backbone network, a detail compensation module, four 3D spatial and channel attention modules, an edge enhance module, and a global feature extractor. The detail compensation module is proposed to compensate for the loss of detailed information caused by the down-sampling process of the encoder. The features of the detail compensation module are selectively enhanced by the 3D spatial and channel attention module. Furthermore, an edge enhance module is proposed to guide shallow layers in the EASNet to focus on contour and edge information in prostates. Finally, features from shallow layers and hierarchical features from the decoder module are fused through the global feature extractor to predict the segmentation prostates.

We propose a cooling scheme to prepare stationary entanglement of neutral atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime by combination of periodically collective laser pumping and dissipation. In each cycle, the controlled unitary dynamics process can selectively pump atoms away from the non-target state while maintaining the target state unchanged. The subsequent dissipative process redistributes the populations of ground states through the engineered spontaneous emission. After a number of cycles, the system will be eventually stabilized into the desired steady state independent of the initial state. This protocol does not rely on coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms or fine control of Rydberg interaction intensity, which can in principle greatly improve the feasibility of experiments in related fields., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted by optics letters

We propose a dissipative method for preparation of a maximally entangled steady state of two trapped ions in the Lamb-Dicke limit. By addressing the trapped-ion system with a monochromatic standing wave laser pulse of frequency resonant with the ionic transition and a microwave field coupled to the ground-state transitions, we obtain an effective coupling between two particles, which is independent of the phonon-number fluctuations. Meanwhile, the controlled spontaneous emission of trapped ions is implemented via pumping the metastable states upwards to the short-lived ionic states by an auxiliary laser field. Combining the unitary processes with the engineered dissipation, a deterministic Bell state can be produced irrespective of the initial states of systems. Moreover, our result shows that the CHSH inequality can be violated for a wide range of decoherence parameters, even at finite temperature., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures

The resonant dipole-dipole interaction between highly excited Rydberg levels dominates the interaction of neutral atoms at short distances scaling as $1/r^3$. Here we take advantage of the combined effects of strong dipole-dipole interaction and multifrequency driving fields to propose one type of selective Rydberg pumping mechanism. In the computational basis of two atoms $\{|00\rangle, |01\rangle,|10\rangle,|11\rangle\}$, this mechanism allows $|11\rangle$ to be resonantly pumped upwards to the single-excited Rydberg states while the transitions of the other three states are suppressed. From the perspective of mathematical form, we achieve an analogous F\"{o}ster resonance for ground states of neutral atoms. The performance of this selective Rydberg pumping is evaluated using the definition of fidelity for controlled-$Z$ gate, which manifests a characteristic of robustness to deviation of interatomic distance, fluctuation of F\"{o}ster resonance defect, and spontaneous emission of double-excited Rydberg states. As applications of this mechanism, we discuss in detail the preparation of the maximally entangled symmetric state for two atoms via ground-state blockade, and the maximally entangled antisymmetric state via engineered spontaneous emission, within the state-of-the-art experiments, respectively., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, and comments are welcome