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Surface modification is a special feature in the textile industry. The end use performance of a textile product is greatly influenced by its final properties. A new concept has been developed based on the 'lotus leaf' principle, namely, 'selfcleaning textiles', i.e. textile surfaces that can clean themselves, without any washing process. The use of superfine materials made by means of nanotechnologies has received attention in the process of finishing textiles in recent years. Nanomaterials or nanoscale nanomaterials are used to endow textiles with various properties, such as radiation resistance, antimicrobial properties, self-cleaning, amortization, and others. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were simultaneously sono-synthesized and coated onto cotton fabric. For the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, two different precursors, namely, titanium isopoxide (TTIP) and titanium butoxide (TTIB) have been used. Several analytical methods, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, were used to confirm the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and investigate the self-cleaning property of treated fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the importance of protective textiles, such as antiviral and antimicrobial textiles, for human health during pandemics. Topics include studies on bacteria, classification of viruses, features of viruses, different antibacterial and antiviral agents, and the manufacture of antibacterial and antiviral textiles and masks.

Magnetic nanoparticles have important applications in industrial textiles and can be used as filters for separating color and heavy metals from factory wastewater. One of the most important magnetic materials is iron oxide(Fe3O4). In this research, different sputtering systems were used for depositing iron oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the glass mat. Three-angle sputtering machine, DC sputtering, and DC magnetron sputtering were used for the deposition of Iron Oxide nanoparticles. Deposition of Iron oxide nanoparticles with three angel and DC sputter systems was not satisfactory, as the rate of sputtering is very low in these machines. Therefore, these two methods were discarded and the study was performed on the next method. The results related to DC magnetron sputtering were satisfactory. The glass mat was deposited by Iron Oxide with different exposure times of 2, 3, and 4 h. The thickness of the layer, structural shape, and existing elements on the surface, were investigated using different analytical instruments. The magnetic properties of deposited fabrics were studied with a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and photocatalytic properties were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Different properties of nanostructured materials such as physical, chemical and catalytic properties based on metal nanoparticles for various applications have been studied extensively on account of their attraction these days. Nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO2) can chemically break down adsorbed organic contaminants in sunlight. In this research work, a novel photocatalyst of WO2/glass mat nanocomposite has been prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method, which is used for the degradation of dyestuff from dyes wastewater. Morphology of treated mat was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amounts of tungsten oxide on glass mat were examined using the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) method. Electrical surface resistivity was also measured. It is concluded that oxidant sedimentation has been done physically without any structural changes and increasing of reaction time led to an increase in deposition of tungsten oxide and finally led to a decrease in the electrical resistance of glass mat. The photocatalytic activities of tungsten-oxide-deposited glass mat were assessed by analyzing the decrease in concentration of the methylene blue (MB) as a colorant after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The MB concentration decreases continuously, concomitant with the UV irradiation time up to 240 min. The results show that the WO2/glass mat nanocomposite exhibits high photocatalytic activity and provides a good way in the degradation field of dyes wastewater.

This study evaluates the wrinkle behaviour and wrinkle resistant properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Direct Blue 2B in the presence and absence of nano-TiO2 particles. A finishing process on samples was performed before dyeing by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) using a pad dry cure method. Such experiments as wrinkle recovery test (AATCC-128), water drop test and dye fastness determination (ISO 105-C01) were conducted to understand how current treatment impacted the cotton fabrics’ properties. Finally, samples were characterised using the X-ray diffractometery method to scrutinise how crystallinity changes and dominates the structural parameter (wrinkle behaviour) of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise the surface variations of the samples before and after dyeing process. The results showed that the wrinkle resistant of cross-linked fabrics have been improved after direct dyeing. Furthermore, levelness dyeing and good fastness properties of dyes on cross-linked fabrics were observed.

In this research work, natural dyes (Turmeric, Cinnamon, and Saffron) have been successfully used to dye cotton fabrics that are safe to the environment and health during manufacturing and usage. Also these dyes are considered to be nontoxic, nonpolluting, non-carcinogenic, and eco-friendly. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) was used as mordant in the dyeing with Turmeric, Cinnamon, Saffron dyes on cotton fabric. After dyeing, the UV protection properties and antibacterial efficiency of cotton samples were evaluated and morphological properties of samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope. Color intensities, reflection, and transmission factor of dyed fabrics were measured using a UV–VIS–NIR Reflective Spectrophotometer. The results show that Saffron dye has higher ultraviolet protection properties among the other used dyes and also according to the antibacterial analysis, it can be said that turmeric showed better antimicrobial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new kind of magnetic glass mat with nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and mixed nickel/cobalt (Ni–Co)-based oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coatings was prepared by plasma sputtering treatment. Magnetic NPs have potential applications for the wastewater treatment. In present work, DC magnetron sputtering was used for in situ deposition of the mentioned magnetic NPs. The properties of samples were evaluated by different standard testing methods in terms of both physical and chemical performances. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. A keen observation of the SEM images revealed different sizes of NPs on glass fabrics.The field-dependent magnetic properties of the prepared samples were investigated by using vibrating sample magnetometer. The photocatalytic activities of different NPs deposited upon glass mat was assessed by analyzing the decrease in concentration of the methylene blue (MB) as a colorant after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. The antibacterial efficiency was determined by counting bacteria test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, ZnO nanoparticles were produced by pulsed laser ablation method, employing the fundamental wavelength of pulsed Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm and 7 ns pulse width in deionized water. Four sizes of nanoparticles were produced using different pulse numbers of laser. Simultaneously cotton fabric samples were placed near the Zn target in the ablation container. The ZnO nano particles were in situ synthesized on cotton samples. Characteristics of produced nanoparticles were examined using excitonic absorption peak and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). X-ray diffraction pattern and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement were employed to determine the crystalline structure and size distribution of nanoparticles respectively. Morphology of nanoparticles were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Reflection and transmittance spectra of treated cotton fabrics were measured and compared using spectrophotometer. Results show that transmittance of treated cotton is less than untreated one in UVA and UVB region. Also inductively coupled plasma device were used to study the amounts of nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics before and after 20 cycles of washing. Finally, the antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles on Staphylococcus Aureus contaminated cotton fabric were tested. Results show that Staphylococcus bacteria may not survive on the treated textile even after 20 cycles of washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the structure and magnetic properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) synthesized with various precursors in acidic and basic media deposited on glass mat. These nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using two different precursors such as nickel nitrate hexahydrate and nickel chloride hexahydrate at optimal temperature with the same concentrations. Deposition on glass mat was done during the synthesis process. According to X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized nickel oxide nanopowders, it can be seen that the structure of samples is simple cubic with high crystallinity whose sizes were calculated applying Debye-Scherrer equation and it has shown that Nickel nitrate hexahydrate sample in basic medium has the smallest crystallite size (23 nm). The results of energy dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the amount of nickel elements in the nickel nitrate hexahydrate sample in basic medium was more than that in other samples. Scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy used for morphological study of nickel oxide nanoparticles indicated that NiO nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the sizes of nanoparticles ranged from 52 to 54 nm. Additionally, the images showed that the nanoparticles in each sample arranged in a specific pattern on glass mat fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the investigation of the chemical structure of the fabrics. Vibrating-sample magnetometer analysis has revealed that the obtained samples had ferromagnetic properties and only nickel nitrate sample in acidic medium reached saturation. Also, it can be seen that the magnetic properties of powder form of these nanoparticles are more powerful as compare with produced magnetic glass mat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles have good potential application in textile, environmental, and waste water treatment cause for their unique properties such as large surface areas, size and shape-dependent catalytic properties. Magnetic nanoparticles can be used alone or to be one of a mixed matrix membrane. Smaller particle size provides a higher reactivity. But toxicity, recovery, and stability of these particles are important, and surface modification of these magnetic nanoparticles can reduce these anxieties. The properties and application of these nanoparticles in the textile industry are discussed in this review paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experimental research, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric using laser ablation method in the same bath. Also the effects of the size of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and antibacterial properties of silver NP-coated cotton fabric have been investigated experimentally. A pulsed laser beam was used for synthesis of Ag NPs on cotton fabric. Pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm wavelengths at 7 ns pulse width and different fluencies was employed to irradiate the Ag target in deionized water in the presence of cotton fabric. Four samples were prepared using different laser fluencies. The amount, size, morphology, and structure of produced NPs were studied using their spectrum in the range of UV to IR, and scanning electron microscopy methods. Fabrics were polluted by gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The colony counting method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of prepared cotton samples. Results show that laser ablation for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on cotton fabric is an inexpensive fast method for producing antibacterial fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]