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Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is one of the rarest types of all reported thyroid malignancies worldwide. It is very aggressive in nature and carries a poor prognosis. The surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the most recommended treatment despite its poor reported outcome. Case Report: A 74-year-old woman presented with a rapidly progressive neck swelling, with hoarseness and compressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed a multilobulated firm thyroid mass with unilateral vocal cord palsy. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of SCC while radiological investigations and panendoscopy findings ruled out the possibility of other primary tumors. A surgical intervention was performed; however, the patient eventually succumbed to death prior to undergoing an oncological treatment. Conclusion: With no standard consensus to guide the management plan, SCC of the thyroid gland presents a great challenge for the managing team to come up with the best treatment option, due to its unfavorable rate of survival.

This document is a list of references for various research articles covering topics such as managing emotions in nursing, attitudes towards peace and war, linking health systems and educational programs, and creating an optimum learning environment. The articles provide valuable insights into these subjects and can be used as sources for further research. The document also includes copyright information for the articles. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a study on the effects of motivational videos on the well-being of senior citizens. The study involved 82 participants who were surveyed before and after watching the videos. The results indicated that watching the videos led to an increase in life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of motivational videos on the emotional and psychological well-being of seniors and suggests that these videos could be a cost-effective way to improve their quality of life. However, the study acknowledges its limitations, such as language barriers and the participants' high initial self-motivation and life satisfaction scores. Overall, the study highlights the potential benefits of using motivational interventions for seniors and calls for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Malaria is still an endemic disease of public health importance in Malaysia. Populations at risk of contracting malaria includes indigenous people, traditional villagers, mobile ethnic groups and land scheme settlers, immigrants from malaria endemic countries as well as jungle workers and loggers. The predominant species are Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. An increasing number of P. knowlesi infections have also been encountered. The principal vectors in Peninsular Malaysia are Anopheles maculatus and An. cracens. This study aims to determine the changes in spatial distribution of malaria in Peninsular Malaysia from year 2000–2009. Methods Data for the study was collected from Ministry of Health, Malaysia and was analysed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Results Changes for a period of 10 years of malaria spatial distribution in 12 states of Peninsular Malaysia were documented and discussed. This is illustrated by digital mapping according to five variables; incidence rate (IR), fatality rate (FR), annual blood examination rate (ABER), annual parasite index (API) and slide positivity rate (SPR). Conclusion There is a profound change in the spatial distribution of malaria within a 10-year period. This is evident from the digital mapping of the infection in Peninsular Malaysia.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory illness with persistent symptoms and limited airflow, is commonly caused by tobacco smoking and other factors. It is the world's fourth leading cause of death, and it could reach number three. COPD patients often have co-morbidities such as coronary artery disease (CAD), which complicates treatment and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in individuals with coronary artery disease. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pulmonology and Cardiology, Timergara Teaching Hospital, Dir Lower from January 2020 to January 2021. A total of 160 participants diagnosed with CAD were included. We did not include patients who were unable to undergo spirometer testing (such as intubated, in shock, with active angina pain), nor did we consider those with a history of bronchial asthma or pulmonary edema. The COPD diagnosis was confirmed with FEV1/FVC having less than 70 percent. SPSS-15 was used for statistical purposes. We used frequencies and percentages for categorical variables such as gender, COPD. The SD for continuous variables, including age, was computed. Results: Out of 160 participants 58.1% were male and 41.8% were Female. The study population mean age was 57.97 ± 11.08 years. Out of 160 patients, 60 (37.7%) were diagnosed with COPD. Among the 60 patients of COPD, 41 (68.42%) were male and 19 (31.66%) were Female. Maximum numbers of COPD individuals were in age group between 66–80 years. Mean pre and post bronchodilator values of FEV1 in COPD subjects were 58.65 and 60.82 respectively. COPD was categorized on the foundation of GOLD standards as: eight individuals (13.3%) were in grade 1, twenty eight participants (46.6%) were in grade 2, 19 patients (31.6%) were in grade three and five patients (8.3%) were in grade four of COPD .Among male individuals with COPD, 32 (78.0%) were smokers. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the frequency of COPD is high amongst patients with CAD. To determine the exact incidence of COPD in individuals with coronary artery disease, comprehensive multi-centric prospective studies need to be conducted which will provide a thorough explanation of the coexistence between these conditions.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent vasodilator released from capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber and A[delta]-fiber sensory nerves, has been suggested to play a beneficial role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because most previous studies showing a cardioprotective role of CGRP employed pharmacological experiments, the purpose of this study was to utilize a genetic approach by using mice with a targeted deletion of the [alpha]-CGRP gene to determine whether this neuropeptide had a modulatory function on the severity of I/R injury. To accomplish this goal, isolated, perfused hearts from [alpha]-CGRP knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 5, 15, and 30 min of reperfusion. Cardiac functional parameters, including coronary flow rates, left ventricular developed pressure, maximum rates of pressure development, and left ventficular end-diastolic pressure, were measured before and after I/R injury, as were levels of creatine kinase, to assess myocardial damage, and malonaldehyde, to assess oxidative stress. Following I/R injury, cardiac performance was significantly reduced in the hearts from the [alpha]-CGRP KO mice compared with their WT counterparts. The marked reduction in myocardial function in the [alpha]-CGRP KO hearts compared with WT hearts after I/R injury was associated with a significant elevation in creatine kinase release into the perfusates and malonaldehyde production in the cardiac tissue. Therefore, these data indicate that, in this in vitro setting, deletion of [alpha]-CGRP makes the heart more vulnerable to I/R injury, possibly due, at least in part, to increased oxidative stress. genetically modified mice; cardiac; isolated perfused heart preparations; sensory nervous system

Objective: To compare the transfemoral and transradial access in term of safety and efficacy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Study Design: Observational Study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Nov 2019. Methodology: Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention fulfilling the criteria for both transradial and transfemoral accesses were included in the study. Clinical data were obtained from patient's record while procedural and outcome data were obtained by observing the procedure and patients. Results: Overall 584 patients were included. 461 patients were in radial group while 123 were in femoral group. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between two groups of patients. Procedure failure was statistically similar between two groups; 1.6 vs. 4.3; p=0.16 for femoral and radial group respectively. Mean access time, procedural and fluoroscopy time was longer in radial group compared to femoral group; 2.7 ± 0.67 min vs. 11.0 ± 7.9, p=0.001, 68.0 ± 15.9 min vs. 76.1 ± 12.7 min, p=0.001, 24.7 ± 6.4 min vs. 28.8 ± 5.4 min, p=0.001 respectively. Mean amount of contrast used was higher in radial group compared to femoral group; 237.1 ± 4.7 ml vs. 248.4 ± 9.1ml, p=0.003. Access site complications were significantly higher in the femoral group as compared to radial group; 6(4.9) Vs 7(1.5), p=0.02. Non access site complications were similar between two groups; 2(1.6) vs. 11(2.4), p=0.61 for femoral and radial groups respectively. Conclusion: In patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention Transradial routeis associated with a reduced number of in comparison to Transfemoral route. It is also linked with lesser procedural related morbidity but with longer procedure and fluoroscopy time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This preliminary report is based on the archaeological investigations conducted by the Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, at the Hayatabad site for the third field season from February to May 2019. The Department of Archaeology has already executed field explorations and excavations at the same site in 2017 and 2018, whose reports have been published in this journal (Khan et al. 2019, 2020). These excavations brought into light structural remains and numerous archaeological finds like coins, terracotta figurines, stone and terracotta beads, stone tools, pottery and iron objects. The evidences reveals that the site under discussion had been occupied from the second century BCE to the end of second century CE. Accordingly, it was founded during the time of the Indo-Greeks and remained in occupation until the rule of the Great Kushans. The characteristic features of this site are the smith workshops systematically built in a sequence at different levels of occupation. In addition, a group of workshops within proper enclosures was found in a compound area bounded by massive walls. These workshops were equipped with working platforms, furnaces, fixed crucibles, grinding stones, stone anvils and large quenching pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]