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Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las creencias sobre el habla y las voces femeninas y masculinas suelen estar estereotipadas en el imaginario popular al construirse sobre información que encaja con el resto de la imagen que se proyecta de mujeres y hombres. Este trabajo trata de identificar cuáles son las creencias sobre las voces femeninas y masculinas en español, con el objetivo de averiguar si están ajustadas a la realidad o son estereotipadas, cuál es su posible origen y su relación con la situación comunicativa. Se ha utilizado un método de análisis social directo con un abordaje mixto, cualitativo y cuantitativo, para indagar en la valoración que los hablantes realizan sobre las voces femeninas y masculinas y obtener opiniones abiertas y explícitas de los participantes. Para el diseño de las preguntas se ha seguido un modelo de encuesta de hábitos sociales, aplicado en investigaciones previas sobre las actitudes de los hablantes acerca de fenómenos lingüísticos, con preguntas específicas sobre la voz. Además, se incluyeron preguntas para recoger información demográfica y creencias explícitas en torno a los roles de género. El cuestionario se distribuyó online y consistió en 163 preguntas que respondieron 51 hablantes de español europeo. El análisis descubre la existencia de estereotipos vocales inconscientes asociados con el género de los hablantes. Las voces femeninas se relacionan con juventud (no las masculinas), con adjetivos socioemocionales (compasiva) o impresionistas (dulce) y las masculinas con adjetivos instrumentales o agentivos (dominante) o impresionistas (arrogante). Parece que los estereotipos están más arraigados en el caso de las voces masculinas. Se cree que las mujeres hablan rápido y chillan y que los hombres hablan demasiado fuerte y de manera monocorde. Ninguna de estas características se considera agradable. El estereotipo vocal emerge especialmente en los contextos donde la mujer adquiere poder o autoridad y así lo creen los hombres. Las mujeres son más estrictas que los hombres juzgando sus propias voces.

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo, se examinaron los estereotipos de género en la adolescencia, su influencia en la formación de identidades y la internalización de roles. Además, se contextualizó la problemática y analizó su impacto en la vida de los adolescentes. El objetivo del estudio se enfocó en identificar y analizar los estereotipos de género internalizados por una muestra de adolescentes, así como explorar los factores relacionados con su formación y manifestación. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra de 236 estudiantes, quienes oscilaban entre los 11 y 16 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de estereotipos de género para recopilar datos sobre las creencias y percepciones de género. Los resultados revelaron una alta interiorización de estereotipos de género en las dimensiones de expresión afectiva y comportamiento social, y una baja interiorización en aspectos relacionados con el cuerpo y la responsabilidad social. También, se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, con una mayor tendencia en los hombres a reproducir creencias estereotipadas en la mayoría de las dimensiones analizadas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones educativas que promuevan la igualdad de género y reduzcan los estereotipos. Estos resultados pueden guiar el diseño de programas y políticas dirigidas a disminuir los estereotipos de género y fomentar la igualdad de género en la adolescencia.

El objetivo de este artículo es investigar sobre la incidencia de la variable sexo en el léxico disponible de 184 estudiantes de 1.º de secundaria y 1.º bachillerato, y analizar si existen diferencias en el número de palabras, y en el uso que hacen varones y mujeres. Para el desarrollo del estudio se ha utilizado el índice de disponibilidad léxica (IDL), el índice de compatibilidad (IC) y el porcentaje de disponibilidad léxica retenida (PDR) en ocho centros de interés (cinco tradicionales y tres novedosos). Así, tras la recogida de información y el análisis de los resultados, se ha visto reflejada la existencia de diferencias entre ambos repertorios. La principal conclusión versa sobre la existencia, en determinadas áreas, de un uso diferenciado del vocabulario.

El proceso de hominización lleva aparejadas ventajas y desventajas en los humanos. Bipedismo y mayor encefalización causan cambios en la cadera complicando los partos. El bipedismo pudo ser el causante de nuevas posturas sexuales y de un fortalecimiento de los lazos entre las parejas. Además, las crías nacen indefensas y necesitan ser alimentadas y cuidadas de manera prolongada. El arte, la etnografía y el registro arqueológico nos ayudan a desentrañar cómo han evolucionado estas cuestiones a lo largo de nuestra historia evolutiva. ABSTRACT: The changes that occur throughout our evolution during the hominization process bring advantages and disadvantages to humans. Bipedalism and greater encephalization directly affect changes in the hip, complicating the birth of females. Bipedalism could be the cause of new sexual positions and a strengthening of the bonds between couples. Furthermore, the babies are born helpless and need to be fed and cared for a long time. Art, ethnography, and the archaeological record help us unravel how these questions have evolved throughout our evolutionary history.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the phonetic variation of syllable final /s/ in sample of work-class Santiago residents from the low sociocultural stratum and according to three sociolinguistic variables: sex, age range and educational level. In particular, the realization of the phoneme /s/ was shown before plosive, fricative, approximant and sonorant consonants; before stressed and unstressed vowels and before pause. In addition, in cases of retention, the /s/ duration was measured. The results indicate that there is a slight tendency for women to retain more of the segment in the form of aspiration and for men to elide. The contexts that showed the most variation between the sex variable were the occlusive preconsonantal and the tonic prevocalic. The duration of the segments was almost identical, except for coda [s] in men, which had a slightly longer duration. Regarding the age distinction, there was a greater preference for elision in group A of adults than in group B of young people. This shows that, at least for the allophonic phenomenon of /s/, the distinctions between men and women, as well as between young people and adults, are directly conditioned by the sociocultural strata of the speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish language is currently in an early stage of expansion in Vietnam, driven by historical ties with Cuba since the 1960s. Despite a growing interest in learning Spanish, this interest is currently confined to very limited sectors of the population and is hindered by a lack of professionals dedicated to teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE) and a scarcity of teaching materials. This study has allowed us to conduct an initial exploration of the available vocabulary of Vietnamese ELE students in Vietnam and analyze its characteristics. We have found that Vietnamese culture influences the nature of the words provided by the students, as well as the contact they maintain with Spanish and Spanish speakers outside the classroom. In the exploratory analysis conducted, no differences were observed based on the gender identity of the participants in the sample, although the study by Spanish proficiency levels yielded more complex results than expected. Pending confirmatory statistical tests, we believe that the findings offer valuable information for ELE teachers, suggesting the need to adapt teaching materials to the lexical, cultural, and contextual needs of the students and to promote an approach that aligns with their real interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomophobia is a mental health problem present in adolescents and one of the educational challenges. Research on this phenomenon is still beginning, especially regarding its predictors. On the other hand, social comparison orientation and Internet gratifications could develop this phenomenon, but it has not yet been studied. To fill this gap, the aims of this paper are to describe the variables according to sex and analyse whether these variables predict nomophobia in girls and boys in a different way. 920 adolescents participated (56.1% girls and M: 14.47 and SD: 1.47) obtaining data through self-reported questionnaires. The results reveal significant differences in the scores of the variables according to sex. Furthermore, social comparison orientation, especially comparison of opinions, as well as entertainment gratification in girls and achievement gratification in boys predict nomophobia more intensely. Educational implications of addressing this problem in the classroom are discussed, as well as possible future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aim to share the volumes of the carpal bone and the ratio of these volumes to the total volume of wrist bones from Computed Tomography (CT) images obtained from individuals of different ages and sex using 3D Slicer. Right wrist CT images of 0.625 mm slice thickness of 42 healthy individuals (21 female, 21 male) of both sexes were included in our study. Volume calculations were made by loading the images into 3D Slicer, an open-source software package. In this study, mean capitate volume was the largest in both sexes (male 3479.9±679.2; female 2207.1±272.1 mm3), while pisiform had the smallest mean volume (male 810.0±141.2; female 566.6±97.7 mm3). This order was ordered from largest to smallest as hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, lunate, triquetrum, trapezoid, and pisiform. According to this study, carpal bone volumes were larger in males than in females (p<0.001). The ratio of each carpal bone volume to the total carpal bone volume was calculated according to sex and it was found that there was no difference (p>0.05). In this study, it was seen that carpal bone volume differed according to sex. However, it was observed that the bone volumes of both sexes took up the same amount in the total bone volume. This information will be very useful in sex determination, 3D anatomical material creation, implant applications and reconstructive surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the level of stress in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at Instituto para el Desarrollo Infantil (Institute for Child Development) - ARIE, San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL) branch, 2022. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study at Instituto para el Desarrollo Infantil - ARIE, SJL branch. Lima Peru. All parents (n = 79) with children aged ≤ 8 years with ASD who were undergoing therapy in 2022 were included; therefore, sampling was not required. The PSI/SF (Parenting Stress Index, Short Form) was used to measure stress in parents. This instrument has been used in other research studies, validating it with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 to determine parental stress. The variables sex of the parent, sex of the child, age, level of education and type of family were analyzed with SPSS V.27 using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 79 parents were surveyed: average age 35.20, SD 5.217, predominantly females (68.35 %). Of the parents, 73.41 % had higher education. Parental stress perceived by mothers (83.33 %) was slightly higher than that of fathers (60 %) (p < 0.05). There is an association between the level of parental stress and the sex of the child, with males (82.1 %) causing more stress compared to females (60.9 %). Single-parent families have shown a higher level of stress, with 95.46 %, as opposed to two-parent families, with 64.42 %) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most parents with children with ASD experience clinically significant stress, with scores greater than 90, with mothers having a higher degree of stress. There is a significant association between parental stress and the sex of the child and the type of family (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cada vez es mayor el número de mujeres entrenadoras de fútbol, aunque siguen siendo pocos los estudios que analizan la influencia que el sexo del entrenador puede tener sobre sus competencias profesionales y desempeño en cuanto a rendimientos y logros obtenidos. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar y analizar las relaciones existentes entre las entrenadoras de fútbol con las competencias profesionales, las orientaciones de logro y contrastarlo mediante un modelo explicativo de relaciones causales. Además, se analizó el efecto del sexo de los entrenadores sobre el rendimiento profesional. Se utilizó una muestra de 442 técnicos formados en la Federación de Fútbol de la Comunidad Valencia (FFCV) durante el curso 2022-23. El 90.3% fueron hombres y el 9.7% mujeres. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron el ajuste correcto del modelo en relación con el sexo y la influencia en el desempeño profesional. El modelo fue capaz de explicar el 21% (R2=.21) de los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al Desempeño Profesional. En relación con la submuestra perteneciente al sexo femenino el modelo fue capaz de explicar el 59% (R2=.59) del desempeño profesional. El modelo demostró que el sexo es una variable que afecta directamente sobre muchas de las competencias profesionales de los entrenadores deportivos, así como sobre la orientación de meta y el desempeño profesional enfocado a la enseñanza y el rendimiento deportivo. Palabras clave: Competencia profesional, orientación de meta, desempeño profesional, entrenadoras deportivas, sexo. Abstract. The number of female soccer coaches is increasing, although there are still few studies that analyze the influence that the sex of the coach may have on his or her professional competencies and performance in terms of yields and achievements. The objective of this research was to determine and analyze the existing relationships between female soccer coaches with professional competencies and achievement orientations and to contrast it by means of an explanatory model of causal relationships. In addition, the effect of coaches' gender on professional performance was analyzed. A sample of 442 coaches trained in the Football Federation of the Community of Valencia (FFCV) during the 2022-23 academic year was used. A total of 90.3% were men and 9.7% were women. Statistical analyses showed the correct fit of the model in relation to sex and influence on professional performance. The model was able to explain 21% (R2=.21) of the results obtained regarding Professional Performance. In relation to the female subsample, the model was able to explain 59% (R2=.59) of the professional performance. The model showed that gender is a variable that directly affects many of the professional competencies of sport coaches, as well as goal orientation and professional performance focused on teaching and sport performance. Keywords: Professional competence, goal orientation, professional performance, female sports coaches, gender-sex.

Este artigo desenvolve uma compreensão original do amor erótico como modo de ser, experiência vivida distinta da paixão e do sexo. Através de citações literárias, explora as condições de possibilidade do amor manifesto por sua ênfase, em diálogo aberto com referências filosóficas da tradição fenomenológica, e por sua privação, à luz das patologias do amor como derivadas de paixão e sexo: o enamoramento e a perversão sexual. O amor e suas patologias são dialeticamente relacionados com os processos vividos do amadurecimento, dos pontos de vista da psicopatologia fenômeno-estrutural e da literatura. Na sequência, o orgasmo e a arte são apresentados como expressões do amor. Conjectura-se, ainda, a possibilidade de uma terapêutica às patologias do amor por meio da abertura intersubjetiva ao amor; e, por fim, assinala-se o amor vivido, enquanto experiência dual de aprofundamento intercorporal, como superação antropológica do dualismo.

Existe un interés creciente por los aspectos motivacionales en los practicantes de deportes de combate y artes marciales por la singularidad de estas modalidades deportivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las relaciones entre las variables descriptivas y el clima motivacional de los deportistas que practican deportes de combate y artes marciales. Este estudio transversal se realizó en 303 deportistas que practican deportes de combate y artes marciales en España. El clima motivacional se evaluó utilizando los cuestionarios de clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el clima motivacional y el género, el IMC, las etapas de desarrollo, el nivel de competencia y para los deportistas retirados; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para los sujetos retirados con respecto a aquellos que continuaron compitiendo y las horas semanales de práctica. Estos resultados parecen sugerir la conveniencia de utilizar estrategias diferenciadas, según sexo, edad, nivel de competición o para los deportistas que llevan un periodo de tiempo retirados a la hora de trabajar los factores protectores que podrían permitir aumentar el disfrute o el rendimiento en los DC y AM.

El artículo analiza márgenes de la traducción parafrástica de la novena sesión de Geschlecht III (2018), de Jacques Derrida. Se dedica a rastrear, primero, el pliegue y la precipitación del seminario sobre las vertientes recorridas por Heidegger en «El habla en el poema»: intenta descifrar la economía del plegamiento y del golpe de la diferencia sexual entre dos tipos de sexualidades (duplicidad y discordia). El ensayo indica, segundo, cómo Heidegger habría resuelto el carácter de la doble ambigüedad de la poesía de Trakl, reunida en la simple Duplicidad del tono fundamental. El escrito reseña, tercero, la escasa función negativa que condiciona la simplicidad tonal y la armonía del Poema. Proyecta, finalmente, resultados sobre el análisis de la nacionalidad, tratados de manera alusiva, y asocia estos con la conclusión.

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional constituye un reto a nivel mundial por la pluripatología, sobre todo de enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: caracterizar las enfermedades no transmisibles en ancianos del Consultorio Médico 12 del Policlínico Pedro Borras Astorga del municipio Pinar del Río, durante el año 2023. Método: investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal, con un universo de 269 ancianos y la muestra de 266, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se revisaron las Historias Clínicas Individuales y se aplicó una encuesta a todos los ancianos. Resultados: la mayoría de los ancianos (47,36 %) tenían entre 60 y 69 años, pertenecen al sexo femenino (56,01 %) y son de color blanco de piel (80,82 %). Las enfermedades no transmisibles de mayor incidencia fueron la Hipertensión arterial (71,80 %) y la Diabetes Mellitus en (22,55 %). Las complicaciones más frecuentes resultaron ser las retinopatías (10,52 %) y la enfermedad cardiovascular (5,26 %). Los tratamientos más utilizados por los ancianos fueron los diuréticos (35,07 %), y los hipoglucemiantes orales (70,00 %). En la muestra estudiada el 32,70 %de los ancianos presentan polifarmacia. Conclusiones: las enfermedades no transmisibles constituyen un problema sanitario para los ancianos del consultorio médico 12 del Policlínico Pedro Borras Astorga de Pinar del Río. Las de mayor incidencia fueron la Hipertensión Arterial y la Diabetes Mellitus y sus complicaciones más frecuentes, las retinopatías y la Enfermedad Cardiovascular. Los diuréticos y los hipoglucemiantes orales son los fármacos más usados por la muestra estudiada.

Introduction: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. Method: Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. Results: The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. Conclusions: The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings. Resumen: Introducción: Las Actitudes y Comportamientos Alimentarios Desordenados (DEAB, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden afectar tanto a la salud mental como física en los niños/as. Su detección temprana es crucial para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar las posibilidades de recuperación. El Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para evaluar los DEAB debido a su costo-efectividad. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del EAT-26, analizando la estructura factorial, consistencia interna, validez convergente e invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos en escolares españoles. Método: Estudio instrumental con una muestra de 718 escolares. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en dos grupos, cada uno con 359 participantes, realizando un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Posteriormente, se estimó la consistencia interna con el alfa ordinal, la validez convergente con el cuestionario SCOFF y la invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos. Resultados: Los hallazgos del AFE y AFC respaldaron una estructura multidimensional del EAT, compuesta por seis factores y 21 ítems. Estos factores subyacen en un modelo de segundo orden de las DEAB. La consistencia interna fue suficiente para la mayoría de los factores. Se mostró una validez convergente moderada con el cuestionario SCOFF para la mayoría de los factores del EAT-21. Se alcanzó una invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos. Conclusiones: La escala abreviada EAT-21, mostró unas propiedades psicométricas modestas y prometedoras, constituyendo un instrumento adecuado para la evaluación de las DEAB, en niños y niñas, en contextos docentes.

The aim of this study was to examine possible differences by sex and stage of adolescence in the use of proactive and preventive coping, its relationships with personality and emotional adjustment. A total of 934 Spanish adolescents participated. No differences were found by sex or stage of adolescence in the use of future-oriented coping or in its relationship with adjustment scores. The differences found were centered on the dispositional profile of future-oriented coping shown by the different subgroups. The dispositional profile of proactive coping was more complex in girls and in late adolescence. In contrast, the dispositional profile of preventive coping was more complex in boys, and the differences by stage of adolescence highlighted the different weight of the personality dimensions involved. These findings point to the importance of developing programs adapted according to sex and stage of adolescence to train adolescents in the use of future-oriented coping skills and to improve their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dorsal interosseous muscles (DIM) are intrinsic muscles of the hand located dorsally between metacarpal bones, which play a role in finger abduction. Anatomical variations of these muscles in terms of form and length have been well documented, but variations regarding sex and laterality are underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the DIM of the hand regarding sexual dimorphism and laterality. Twenty human cadavers belonging to the white individuals (n = 40 hands) with known sex and laterality were used for this study. DIMs were dissected and observed for morphology. Also, a digital calliper was used to measure the midpoint length of the DIM. The origin and insertion of all the DIM were normal with the left hand having no additional, supernumerary, and absent muscles in each compartment. The variations were only found on the right side and predominant in females: 2 out of 11 (18.18%) hands containing a space with a supernumerary muscle; 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a space with a double muscle; and 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a compartment with a unipennate muscle. In males, 1 out of 9 (11.11%) hands had a compartment with a supernumerary muscle. The mean midpoint length of each muscle in females and males in both hands from the first to the fourth muscle, respectively, was documented. In females on the left: 46.79 ± 3.56; 42.62 ± 3.57; 49.02 ± 4.21; 41.66 ± 2.15 and right: 47.30 ± 2.49; 39.27 ± 4.14; 45.69 ± 4.64; 38.12 ± 4.08. In males, it was on the left: 50.01 ± 3.95; 41.98 ± 3.79; 47.90 ± 4.83; 41.79 ± 4.25, and on the right: 46.65 ± 2.09; 39.01 ± 4.25; 47.47 ± 3.41; 38.31 ± 4.40. The mean midpoint length of the DIM was relatively higher on the left hand compared to the right hand in both females and males. In this study, variations regarding the supernumerary muscle, double interosseous space, and unipennate muscles were only observed on the right-hand side and predominantly in females, an insight that may guide in the treatment of fractures, stiffness of the hand, and compartment syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has alarming suicide rates among adolescents and young people. Therefore the objective of the research was to explain how depression influences the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in young people and, in addition, to know if suicides in the country vary significantly according to their sex. The CHAID classification method, simple indexes, and mean difference were used to test these assumptions. The results for Sonora, Mexico show that there is a connection between depression and the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescents (X2 Suicidal ideation >200, P-value < 0.01; X2 Suicidal attempt >77, P-value < 0.01). In addition, the number of youth suicides in the country from 1998 to 2021 on average is different between females and males (T-Student = 15.32, P-Value < 0.05; Mean number of suicides in males = 1150, Mean number of suicides in females = 357). We conclude a marked prevalence of depression in young people, is linked to the increase in suicides in Mexico, especially in women. This highlights the urgency of implementing gender-specific preventive strategies and promoting early awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research studies on sex and sexuality in Chile are few and far between. At the national level, there is only one government-sponsored study that is more than 20 years old. Most of the few sex and sexuality studies have been conducted in the capital city, and revolved around topics of public health concern (e.g., sexual debut, undesired pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, condom use, and sexual risky behaviors, etc.). This has also led to ignore or given less emphasis to other central, current and positive aspects of sexuality such as sexual pleasure, the use of social networks, the sex industry, non-normative practices, fantasies, sexual dysfunctions, to name a few. Thus, there is a need to update local knowledge at the population level, as well as to expand it to new current topics of interest not yet explored. Therefore, the objective is to explore, describe, and update the knowledge of sex and sexuality of Chilean men and women. A network of collaborators belonging to different universities collected a sample of Chilean men and women, diverse in terms of their sex, age, region of origin, etc. The study was conducted during the pandemic, only, through self-report measures. The study was evaluated and approved by the ethics committee from the University of Tarapacá. The survey tools includes the measurement of a series of variables related to various sexual aspects: sexual preferences, daily sexual practices, early and negative sexual experiences, sexual pleasure and satisfaction, use of drugs during sex, non-normative sexual practices, use of technologies and sexual social networks, adult entertainment industry, sexual education and knowledge, and the effect of the pandemic on sex. Furthermore, the study included the psychometric instrument to sexual function (male, female, and both versions for sexual minorities). Since much of the current national sex research appears to be primarily limited to public health and predominantly concerned with the potential negative impact on our general health, this project will provide new and updated knowledge in several areas. These are poised to potentiate a research area that remains poorly exploited, but also transform the clinical practice with local and updated knowledge, that better represent the individuals of nowadays in Chile and their realities. Particularly, different aspects of this project will be able to inform and directly impact sexual education programs and policy, which remains until today a controversial topic, especially in secondary and high-school education. Furthermore, the project will likely also influence social change and awareness in different topics (e.g., gender diversity), and expand the conversation in topics related to sexual health and wellbeing (e.g., sexual pleasure). Among the publications to come out of this project is the validation of the sexual function questionnaires, as well as the updating of the validation of the women's questionnaire with more sophisticated statistical techniques. On the other hand, the other publications will have a scope not only regional, national, but also international. The study uses a cross-sectional methodology with self-report measures and a non-probabilistic sample, which has an inherent methodological bias. Likewise, the sample lacks representativeness in the south of Chile, limiting the generalization of the results to that part of the population. The study did not include data collection with adolescents, a sexually active population with a high value and importance. Finally, several of the measures will have an exploratory and descriptive scope, which limits the statistical power of some of the analyzes to make reliable inferences. Nevertheless, the project will provide a series of innovative publications, supplying the need for new and updated local knowledge related to a theme poorly studied and worked on in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea is the property of Revista Psicopatologia Fenomenologica Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to offer a close look to the labour carried out by women in Costa Rica according to the 1864 and 1883 censuses and to establish their relationships with gender representations through a comparative perspective. The results reveal that there were evident quantitative changes from one census to the other and that the said changes were related not only to economic, but also to cultural factors, associated to gender representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretende-se, com o presente estudo, conhecer as tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2024. Serão ainda realizadas comparações, entre grupos, designadamente: detentores de título profissional diferente (Técnico de exercício físico, Diretor técnico ou Sem título); entre quem está a exercer funções ou não enquanto profissional de fitness (PF); entre sexos; últimos 4 anos; e confrontação dos resultados portugueses com os de Espanha, da Europa e mundiais. Este estudo seguiu a metodologia do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), tendo sido aplicado um questionário online a PF, profissionais de saúde relacionados com o exercício, e estudantes do setor do fitness/desporto/educação física (n = 422), que continha 50 tendências. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o Top 5 das principais tendências do fitness em Portugal são, por ordem decrescente: “Personal trainer (PT)”, “Empregar PF certificados”, “Exercício para a perda de peso”, “PT para pequenos grupos” e “Treino de força tradicional”. Quando comparados os grupos verificaram-se diferenças em 8 tendências entre os portadores de diferentes títulos profissionais, em 9 entre quem exerce ou não funções de PF, em 27 entre sexos e em 31 entre anos. As tendências do fitness portuguesas, para 2024, assemelham-se mais às do estudo espanhol, com 7 tendências iguais no Top 10, e do estudo europeu, com 6 tendências iguais no Top 10, do que às do estudo mundial do ACSM, com apenas 3 tendências iguais no Top 10. Palavras-chave: Portugal; Tendências; Fitness; ACSM; Profissional; Título; Sexo; Anos.

RESUMO: O ensaio Casamento e Amor, de Emma Goldman (1869-1940), originalmente publicado em Anarchism and Other Essays (1910), discute a relação do casamento e do amor como fatores de companheirismo e união numa ótica anarquista. Palavras-Chave: Amor livre; feminilidade; sexo. ABSTRACT: Emma Goldman's (1869-1940) essay Marriage and Love, originally published in Anarchism and Other Essays (1910), discusses the relationship of marriage and love as factors of fellowship and unity in an anarchist perspective. Keywords: Free love; femininity; sex.

RESUMO: Neste ensaio, simultaneamente teórico e vivencial, reflito a partir de minha prática profissional em diálogo interdisciplinar com autores do universo da adolescência. Parto do pressuposto de que a vida é feita de encruzilhadas existenciais, sendo que numa delas a adolescência assume lugar de importância. Assumo que na encruzilhada adolescente encontram-se as descobertas que promovem as principais transformações da vida humana. Por isso, darei ênfase a três delas: a descoberta do corpo, do sexo e do amor. Concluo, reconhecendo, que o bom desenlace dessa situação estabelecerá o futuro homem e a futura mulher na vida adulta. Palavras-Chaves: Adolescência. Corpo. Sexo. Amor. ABSTRACT: In this essay, theoretical and experiential at the same time, I reflect from my professional practice in interdisciplinary dialogue with authors from the universe of adolescence. I start from the assumption that human life is made of existential crossroads, and in one of them the adolescence takes place of importance. I understand that at the teenage crossroads are the discoveries that promote the most important transformations of life. Thus, I will emphasize three of them: the discovery of the body, sex and love. I conclude, recognizing, that the good outcome of this situation will establish the future man and the future woman in adult life. Keywords: Adolescence. Body. Sex. Love.

El avance de la telefonía móvil se ha convertido en el verdadero protagonista a nivel mundial en la sociedad, influyendo tanto positiva como negativamente en las personas. Para el análisis estadístico se formularon los siguientes objetivos: (1) Conocer la influencia del curso universitario (de primero a cuarto) en el uso problemático del móvil y en la salud mental (ansiedad y depresión) y (2) Detectar variables que influyen en el uso problemático del móvil en función de sexo, curso y salud mental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1216 adolescentes universitarios, 68.24 % mujeres y 31.76% hombres, de la Universidad de Extremadura (España) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 24 años (M=21.46; DT=3.83). Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres son más proclives a sufrir un uso problemático del móvil, siendo en los primeros cursos donde más se acentúa. Además, se obtiene que el aumento de la ansiedad y depresión está estrechamente relacionado con el uso problemático del móvil. Para concluir se aconseja implantar programas para prevenir y detectar situaciones de uso problemático del móvil recomendando actuar en los primeros años de universidad enfocando los riesgos de salud mental y uso de móviles en las mujeres.

Em abertura da geografia do foder, elaborou-se uma abordagem ontológica à foda geográfica. Constitui-se, para tanto, em vista fenomenológica, o sentido do sexo (o evento) e da foda (a intenção). Por mais, discute-se a Terra e o Mundo rumo aos territórios do sexo e às sexualidades do território. Dessarte, lança-se à Antiguidade com Hesíodo (séc. VII a.C.) para a cosmologia do foder geográfico: entre Gaia (Terra) e Urano (Céu), tem-se a interrupção do coito por Cronos (Tempo) irrompendo o desejo sexual – entre a transa, positiva e a trepa, negativa. Guia-se, então, à discussão filosófica, entre Sade e Sacher-Masoch (iluminismo obscuro) contra Kant (iluminismo conservador), para a constituição do território sádico (pelas dominações) e do território masoquista (pelas apropriações). Ademais, encontra-se a perversidade da globalização pelo sistema da foda global: do território (enraizador) e do mercado global (desenraizador); intensificada pelo ciberespaço. Alia-se, por fim, uma geografia foda ao geoexistencial.

En este artículo se presenta un análisis contrastivo entre la versión original y las versiones subtituladas en español peninsular y en italiano de la serie británica Sex Education (Netflix 2019). El corpus está compuesto por una selección de escenas tomadas de las primeras tres temporadas de la serie, en las que los diálogos se centran en temas relacionados con el sexo. A fin de clasificar las soluciones traductoras empleadas en las dos versiones subtituladas, se han seguido las taxonomías propuestas por Ávila-Cabrera (2023) y Molina & Hurtado Albir (2002), adaptándolas para la finalidad de nuestro estudio. El objetivo es comprobar si la representación del lenguaje de los protagonistas en los subtítulos en las lenguas comparadas consigue respetar el intento normalizador e inclusivo de la versión original inglesa, pese a los problemas de aceptabilidad planteados por la subtitulación del lenguaje tabú (Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2021) y a las restricciones propias de la modalidad traductora analizada.

Foundation: cardiac hypertrophy is macroscopically described as an increase in the thickness of the interventricular wall and/or septum and represents a significant stage prior to heart failure. Many heart conditions tend to show differences between the sexes. Objective: determine the association between cardiac hypertrophy and sex of patients in a hospital of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in December 2022 in a hospital of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute. 88 patients were analyzed distributed into two groups: male and female, each with 44 patients. The Mann-Whitney U statistical test was used to determine differences between both groups. Results: patients between 25 and 50 years of age predominated (58.7 %), both males (57.5 %) and females (60 %). In both groups, the majority of patients presented moderate cardiac hypertrophy (52.3 % of both each group and the total). The existence of differences between the degree of cardiac hypertrophy in patients according to their sex could not be demonstrated (result of the Mann-Whitney U test = 934.5; Z = -0.308; p = 0.758). Conclusions: despite the existence of differences in distributions, no relationship was found between sex and the degree of cardiac hypertrophy.

En 2003, el Comité Olímpico Internacional emitió reglas de elegibilidad para personas transgénero y, desde entonces, varios organismos deportivos han desarrollado sus propias reglas. Algunas federaciones aplican reglas basadas en la autodefinición del sexo, mientras que otras aplican reglas basadas en el sexo asignado al nacer o cuando se hizo la declaración de sexo. Este artículo profundiza el debate sobre la inclusión de las personas trans en el deporte a través de la presentación del caso de estudio del rugby, cuya federación internacional presentó, en 2020, reglas exclusivistas bajo el argumento de la competencia leal y la protección de la integridad física de las mujeres cisgénero. Se presentará un análisis crítico de los fundamentos de estas reglas y se discutirán las consecuencias de enfoques similares en la carrera deportiva de las personas trans. Como metodología se realizó un análisis documental crítico a las reglas de World Rugby y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas relacionadas con el universo deportivo en Portugal. Se observó que las reglas elaboradas crean una jerarquía entre los sexos binarios y entre las propias personas trans, se centran en medidas limitadas de comparación, como la fuerza de repetición única, y descartan factores como el aumento de la masa grasa después de la transición. Ante la ausencia de la posibilidad de seguir una carrera deportiva, existía una capacidad de agencia y compromiso en otros ámbitos que, al no ser la práctica de la competición como atletas, les permite alcanzar otras funciones importantes dentro del universo deportivo.

Un número significativo de la producción académica asocia la infidelidad con el comportamiento de los hombres, ya que ser infiel implica una forma de relacionarse sexual y/o emocionalmente con una persona distinta a la pareja, poniendo en riesgo su vínculo. Esto lleva a reflexionar diferencialmente sobre las conductas manifestadas tanto por hombres como por mujeres. La infidelidad en la actualidad se manifiesta de manera contradictoria a los estereotipos de género. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las experiencias de infidelidad en mujeres, con el fin de contrastarlas con los prejuicios existentes al respecto. Para lograrlo, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a profundidad con 16 mujeres de la ciudad de Manizales, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 40 años. Sus narraciones se estudiaron a través del análisis temático, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Max Van Manen. El estudio reveló una apertura de género en la práctica de la infidelidad, típica en la actualidad. Esta práctica es experimentada por las mujeres desde aspectos sociales, culturales y psicológicos que deben tenerse en cuenta para comprender su experiencia.

Introduction: This article analyses the presence of gender bias in clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies used to treat multiple sclerosis. Material and methods: We performed a systematic review of controlled clinical trials of 4 monoclonal antibodies used to treat multiple sclerosis (natalizumab, rituximab, alemtuzumab, and ocrelizumab). We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published in English before March 2020. The study was conducted in accordance with the relevant international recommendations. Results: The search identified 89 articles, 55 of which met the inclusion criteria. Of all patients included in these trials, 64.6% were women. The lead authors of 10 of the studies were women. Fifteen of the 55 studies included a sex-based analysis of the primary endpoint. Only 8 articles discussed the results separately for men and for women. Conclusions: The clinical trials of these 4 monoclonal antibodies present a significant gender bias. In most cases, the primary and secondary endpoints are not analyzed according to patient sex, despite the fact that international recommendations include this as a minimum requirement for ensuring scientific validity and obtaining appropriate results for extrapolation to the wider population. Resumen: Introducción: Este artículo evalúa el sesgo de género presente en los ensayos clínicos sobre anticuerpos monoclonales para el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados de 4 anticuerpos monoclonales (natalizumab, rituximab, alemtuzumab y ocrelizumab) para el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple a través de las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline, publicados hasta marzo de 2020 y los cuales fueron escritos en inglés. El estudio siguió las correspondientes recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados: Se identificaron 89 artículos, de los cuales 55 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que el 64,6% del total de pacientes eran mujeres. El sexo del primer autor era femenino en 10 ensayos clínicos. El análisis de la variable principal en función del sexo se realizó en 15 de los 55 artículos incluidos. Además, solo 8 ensayos clínicos discutieron los resultados separadamente de acuerdo al sexo. Conclusiones: Los ensayos clínicos de estos 4 anticuerpos monoclonales muestran un sesgo de género significativo. En su mayoría, la variable principal y secundarias no son analizadas en función del sexo. Esto se produce a pesar de las recomendaciones internacionales que lo establecen, como requisito mínimo, para dar validez científica y obtener unos resultados apropiados para extender su aplicación a la población global.

Resumo Fundamento As mulheres, em comparação aos homens, apresentam piores resultados após a síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). No entanto, ainda não está claro se o sexo feminino em si é um preditor independente de tais eventos adversos. Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a associação entre o sexo feminino e a mortalidade hospitalar após infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). Métodos Conduzimos um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, recrutando pacientes consecutivos com IAMCSST, internados em um hospital terciário de janeiro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Todos os pacientes foram tratados de acordo com as recomendações das diretrizes atuais. Modelos de regressão logística multivariada foram aplicados para avaliar a mortalidade hospitalar utilizando variáveis de GRACE. A precisão do modelo foi avaliada usando o índice c. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Dos 1.678 pacientes com SCA, 709 apresentaram IAMCSST. A população era composta por 36% de mulheres e a idade média era de 61 anos. As mulheres tinham maior idade (63,13 anos vs. 60,53 anos, p = 0,011); apresentavam hipertensão (75,1% vs. 62,4%, p = 0,001), diabetes (42,2% vs. 27,8%, p < 0,001) e hiperlipidemia (34,1% vs. 23,9%, p = 0,004) mais frequentemente; e apresentaram menor probabilidade de serem submetidas a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) por acesso radial (23,7% vs. 46,1%, p < 0,001). A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi significativamente maior em mulheres (13,2% vs. 5,6%, p = 0,001), e o sexo feminino permaneceu em maior risco de mortalidade hospitalar (OR 2,79, IC de 95% 1,15–6,76, p = 0,023). Um modelo multivariado incluindo idade, sexo, pressão arterial sistólica, parada cardíaca e classe de Killip atingiu 94,1% de precisão na previsão de mortalidade hospitalar, e o índice c foi de 0,85 (IC de 95% 0,77–0,93). Conclusão Após ajuste para os fatores de risco no modelo de previsão do GRACE, as mulheres continuam em maior risco de mortalidade hospitalar.

El propósito de este trabajo fue valorar la percepción de igualdad de trato y discriminación en estudiantes de secundaria y examinar la valoración sobre los distintos factores metodológicos que influyen en la igualdad de trato y discriminación en EF. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 706 estudiantes (375 chicos y 331 chicas) con una edad media de 13.05 años (DE= .93). El instrumento de recogida de datos fue el Cuestionario de Percepción de Igualdad y Discriminación en EF y el análisis se realizó utilizando la prueba de normalidad Kolmogorov-Smirnov y la prueba de comparación de medias U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados demuestran que existen diferencias significativas en la percepción de igualdad de trato con valores medios más altos en las chicas y en la percepción de discriminación con mayores puntajes en los chicos. A su vez, en los factores metodológicos relacionados con el lenguaje sexista y el feedback se presentan diferencias por sexo que corroboran la mayor percepción de discriminación en los chicos y de igualdad en las chicas. En conclusión, las formas de interacción utilizadas por el profesor tienen gran influencia sobre las percepciones del alumnado con relación a los estereotipos de género en el contexto de la EF.

Resumen El presente trabajo aborda la Sexologia con ciencia que es, estableciendo su diferencia con la Ideología, aclarando la diferencia entre el Sexo y su proceso de Desarrollo y el Género como expresión conveniente del proceso sociocultural para concluir enfrentando el error conceptual del movimiento LGBTIQ+ con la verdad científica.

El mito de origen de la matrilinealidad macua conecta las relaciones sexuales y el intercambio económico entre mujeres y hombres. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las continuidades en las concepciones sobre sexualidad y agencia por parte de las mujeres macua a través del mito. Este artículo se basa en la investigación etnográfica realizada por la primera autora durante 12 meses (2018-2019). Los resultados muestran una actualización de este mito a la realidad macua, sumergida en la economía global, que sirve como instrumento para redefinir y renegociar las relaciones de género.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto del sexo, la edad, el nivel de instrucción, la gravedad de la condición, perdidas por la enfermedad y las dificultades post-COVID-19 sobre el Bienestar Psicológico, y cómo estas variables se relacionan entre sí. Se empleó un diseño de ruta en una muestra de 419 personas con COVID-19. Se utilizó la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (1989), y la Encuesta sobre implicaciones del COVID-19. Se encontró que la edad influencia directamente a todas las dimensiones del bienestar, a excepción de Relaciones Positivas y Crecimiento Personal. El nivel educativo influye directamente de forma positiva en la mayoría de las dimensiones de bienestar. Los hombres presentan mayor bienestar en la dimensión Autonomía. Otras variables que predicen directamente el bienestar psicológico fueron el poseer algunas dificultades post-COVID. Se concluye que el modelo fue parcialmente comprobado y permitiría desarrollar algunos planes de intervención.

Copyright of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social is the property of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Criminológico is the property of Instituto Andaluz Interuniversitario de Criminologia (Seccion Malaga) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigated dominance in two groups of captive painted turtles, each over a period of 8 weeks. In each case, we began with five turtles, then added a sixth after 6 weeks. One group was run in the fall, the other in the spring, and the makeup of males and females differed in the two seasons. We measured two behaviors while they were feeding: mounting, defined as placing a claw or head above the carapace of the other turtle for at least one second, where the mounter was stationary, and biting, defined as snapping at another turtle. We hypothesized that the turtles would demonstrate a dominance hierarchy. Our results showed that painted turtles show individual differences in behavior. These differences are consistent over time and allow dominance hierarchies to be established. Both mounting and biting demonstrated consistency, but mounting was more consistent than biting. The amount of mounting and biting differed by sex and season, but turtle size did not seem to influence their activities. Finally, the introduction of a new turtle disrupted the dominance behaviors of the turtles, suggesting that turtles recognize a new turtle as unfamiliar. Understanding the complex dynamics of captive turtle populations has implications for the management and welfare of turtles in captivity and in the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]