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In this study, ‘Ak Sakı’ and ‘Kara Sakı’ apple cultivars were collected from different locations in Erzincan province, Türkiye, and genetic diversity was determined using the Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker technique. The SCoT marker technique was chosen because its gene targeting, long primer, and high annealing temperature make it more effective than other marker techniques. Using ten SCoT primers, 60 bands were obtained, and 42 of them were polymorphic. The polymorphism rate was determined to be 70%. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) dendrogram created using the PAUP 4.0b10 program consists of two clades. The genetic distance between apple cultivars varies between 0.13462 and 0.45614. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results were compatible with the UPGMA dendrogram. With the SCoT marker technique, genetic diversity among apple cultivars can be determined in a shorter time and with more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed using chloroplast rbcL sequences from Ajuga chamaepitys, Thymbra capitata, Lamium moschatum, Marrubium vulgare, Stachys cretica, Teucrium polium, and Vitex agnus-castus species distributed in Aydın province, Türkiye. After isolating DNA from the samples, PCR amplification was carried out using the rbcLaF and rbcLaR primers. Both forward and reverse sequences were edited using BioEdit 7.2.3, FinchTV 1.4.0, and Sequencher 5.4.6 software. The corrected sequences were converted to protein sequences, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using MEGA 6.0 software. The rbcL proteins have been motif analysed and their 3D structure revealed. As a result, the phylogenetic tree constructed with sequences obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) showed that Lamium and Marrubium species formed a clade, while Sideritis and Stachys species formed another one. Additionally, the species of Thymbra, Vitex, Ajuga, and Teucrium each formed distinct groups. In the analyses involving only these seven species, the genetic distance matrix revealed that the closest species were Ajuga chamaepitys and Vitex agnuscastus (0.009), while the most distantly related species were Teucrium polium and Thymbra capitata (0.043). Also, the nucleotide diversity was calculated to be π = 0.025278. Overall, the rbcL sequence results were instrumental in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the Lamiaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the morphological, pomological, biochemical contents, and molecular characterization of 11 cucumber genotypes of Egyptian origin and to reveal their molecular characterization. As a result it was determined that the highest fruit weight, the highest fruit length, and the highest fruit width were in the "Rahaf" genotype (respectively, 337.39 g, 23.25 cm, 53.97 mm). Biochemical analyses of the genotypes revealed that the highest total phenolic content was in the "Madayın" genotype (1938 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g−1), the highest total antioxidant content was in the "C.5" genotype (59.25% inhibition), and the highest total flavonoid content was in the "Gazir" genotype (752.78 mg catechin equivalent 100 g−1). The highest Chlorophyll (a) content and Chlorophyll (a+b) was in the "Madayın" genotype (respectively, 4.33 mg g−1, 20.92 mg g−1), the highest Chlorophyll (b) content was in the "Iskay" genotype (6.59 mg g−1). It was determined that there were differences between genotypes in terms of other biochemical parameters examined. Using ten Inter Simple Sequence Repeat primers, 119 bands were obtained and the polymorphism rate was determined as 90.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root‐knot nematodes, particularly, Meloidogyne incognita, are among the most destructive endoparasitic nematodes, infecting a diverse range of plant hosts. Nematode‐trapping fungi are known for their potential application as biological control agents against plant parasitic nematodes. In the present study, the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys thaumasia was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants in the West Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Two hundred and twenty‐three tomato plant rhizosphere soil samples yielded six nematode‐trapping fungal isolates, giving an occurrence frequency of 2.69%. Using morphology and molecular marker sequences (ITS and β‐tubulin loci), the species of the fungi was confirmed to be A. thaumasia. In vitro, A. thaumasia reduced second‐stage juveniles of M. incognita by 77.5% (isolate I‐Y4‐2) and 72.5% (isolate B‐G5‐1). This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of the nematode‐trapping fungus A. thaumasia from Türkiye. Two isolates of A. thaumasia (I‐Y4‐2 and B‐G5‐1) appear to be promising biological control agents that may be utilized for controlling M. incognita‐caused root‐knot diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs) are compounds that are biosynthesized autonomously by aromatic plants as their secondary metabolites. Vitex agnus-castus plant leaves, flowers and fruits are of pharmacological importance. In this study, the chemical composition determination of the essential oils of the Vitex agnus-castus flowers with different colors (white, pink, purple) growing in Aydin ecological conditions was carried out with the extraction using Clevenger hydro-distillation apparatus and then the essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). As a result of the study, 'Çakmar' pink-flowered population had the main component (-)-allospathulenol (14.59%), 'Çakmar' purple-flowered and 'Koçarli' purple-flowered populations had the main component pyrrolo (3,2,1-jk) carbazole (14.42% and 14.68%, respectively), while 'Çakmar' white flowered, 'Koçarli' white flowered and 'Koçarli' pink flowered populations had the main component caryophyllene (15.54%, 12.64%, and 19.05 respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]