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Copyright of Automotive Engineer (1674-6546) is the property of Auto Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern e-commerce systems are more likely focused on mechanisms of security, such as secure transactional protocols, cryptographic schemes and parameter sanitization, and it is assumed that putting these in place will guarantee a secure e-commerce application. However, vulnerabilities in the business application logic itself are often ignored which can make the effect of these security mechanisms null and void. Essentially, the weakest link can be at the server rather than client because of business logic and insecure server-side business components, its security ignoring is another factor, which is done at developer's peril. This paper focuses on the weakest link (component's logic subversion) in the e-commerce system. We outline a logical attack (subversion attack, class Design Flaw) that would not be prevented by the deployment of the mechanisms commonly used in e-commerce systems. To further investigate this problem, we propose a security assurance methodology for service component-oriented application that will be practiced through threat modeling and component fault detection model with further modeling component and its application using unified modeling language secure-design approach with a valid technique (verification, validation model for security-by-design testing) for design flaw detection to avoid the business logic problem in component-based e-commerce applications from existing application logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microservice architecture (MSA) is a mainstream architectural style due to its high maintainability and scalability. In practice, an appropriate microservice‐oriented decomposition is the foundation to make a system enjoy the benefits of MSA. In terms of decomposing monolithic systems into microservices, researchers have been exploring many optimization objectives, of which modularity is a predominantly focused quality attribute. Security is also a critical quality attribute, that measures the extent to which a system protects data from malicious access or use by attackers. Considering security in microservices‐oriented decomposition can help avoid the risk of leaking critical data and other unexpected software security issues. However, few researchers consider the security objective during microservice‐oriented decomposition, because the measurement of security and the trade‐off with other objectives are challenging in reality. To bridge this research gap, we propose a security‐optimized approach for microservice‐oriented decomposition (So4MoD). In this approach, we adapt five metrics from previous studies for the measurement of the data security of candidate microservices. A multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on NSGA‐II is designed to search for microservices with optimized security and modularity. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed So4MoD, we perform several experiments on eight open‐source projects and compare the decomposition results to other three state‐of‐the‐art approaches, that is, FoSCI, CO‐GCN, and MSExtractor. The experiment results show that our approach can achieve at least an 11.5% improvement in terms of security metrics. Moreover, the decomposition results of So4MoD outperform other approaches in four modularity metrics, demonstrating that So4MoD can optimize data security while pursuing a well‐modularized MSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The service-oriented heterogeneous cloud computing system offers paid computing services through its powerful processors. However, task execution failures caused by processors can diminish application reliability and user service quality. Replication technology can enhance application reliability, but an inappropriate number of replicas may occupy valuable computing resources. To address this, we propose FastMinRR, a fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm that rapidly minimizes the number of replicas while meeting reliability requirements. FastMinRR initially allocates all tasks to the currently available and most reliable processor without replication, utilizing a priority queue to store tasks based on increasing reliability. Subsequently, FastMinRR dequeues a task, increases its replicas, updates reliability, recalculates application reliability, and enqueues the task. This process repeats until the application reliability aligns with requirements. Experiments demonstrate that, compared to existing fault-tolerant scheduling algorithms in service-oriented heterogeneous cloud computing systems, FastMinRR efficiently increases the minimum number of task replicas and meets application reliability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolithic software architectures are no longer sufficient for the highly complex software-intensive systems, which modern society depends on. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) surpassed monolithic architecture due to its reusability, platform independency, ease of maintenance, and scalability. Recent SOA implementations made use of cloud-native architectural approaches such as microservice architecture, which has resulted in a new challenge: the discovery difficulties of services. One way to dynamically discover and route traffic to service instances is to use a service discovery tool to locate the Internet Protocol (IP) address and port number of a microservice. In the event that replicated microservice instances are found to provide the same function, it is crucial to select the right microservice that provides the best overall experience for the end-user. Parameters including success rate, efficiency, delay time, and response time play a vital role in establishing a microservice's Quality of Service (QoS). These assessments can be performed by means of a live health-check service, or, alternatively, by making a prediction of the current state of affairs with the application of machine learning-based approaches. In this research, we evaluate the performance of several classification algorithms for estimating the quality of microservices using the QWS dataset containing traffic data of 2505 microservices. Our research also analyzed the boosting algorithms, namely Gradient Boost, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost to improve the overall performance. We utilized parameter optimization techniques, namely Grid Search, Random Search, Bayes Search, Halvin Grid Search, and Halvin Random Search to fine-tune the hyperparameters of our classifier models. Experimental results demonstrated that the CatBoost algorithm achieved the highest level of accuracy (90.42%) in predicting microservice quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arising of the Cyber–Physical Systems' vision and concepts drives technological evolution toward a new architectural design for the infrastructure of an environment referred to as a Smart Environment. This perspective alters the way systems within Smart City landscapes are conceived, designed, and ultimately realized. Modular architecture, resource-sharing techniques, and precise deployment approaches (such as microservices-oriented or reliant on the FaaS paradigm) serve as the cornerstones of a Smart City cognizant of multiple Cyber–Physical Systems composing it. This paper presents a framework integrating Digital Decisioning, encompassing the automated combination of human-derived knowledge and data-derived knowledge (e.g., business rules and machine learning), to enhance decision-making processes and application definition within the Smart City context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mathematics, Mechanics & Computer Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fault prediction in service-oriented architecture-based models has been recognized as one of the essential processes to reduce computational expenses and computational complexities of software system improvement. Prediction of errors and determining their positions at an early stage facilitate maintenance mechanisms very easily and enhance resource utilities. Hence, an effective fault prediction mechanism named fractional water cycle algorithm (Fr-WCA) is established in this research. The web service description language data are converted into JAVA files, and faults are injected into it in order to create a database. Thereafter, features like object-oriented metrics and statistical features are extracted, and data augmentation is completed effectively. The process of fault prediction is executed using a deep Q network classifier, which is trained by means of Fr-WCA. The Fr-WCA is the combination of fractional calculus and water cycle algorithm. The Fr-WCA achieved the greatest precision, recall, and f-measure of 0.932, 0.956, and 0.947. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CNC system has improved greatly upon machining precision and speed over the past six decades but remains vendor-proprietary and working in a stand-alone pattern. Open CNC aims to deal with the vendor-proprietary issue and numerous open CNC prototypes have been developed in the past three decades. But they are heterogeneous, low-flexible, and remain working in a stand-alone pattern. In today's Internet era, the stand-alone working pattern tends to evolve into cloud-based control pattern (cloud-CNC). On the basis of open CNC and cloud-CNC, our team proposes a novel CNC prototype called Invisible Numerical Control (INC). This paper aims to develop the INC application within the constraints of open CNC and cloud-CNC. Service-oriented paradigm is utilised to develop INC application at three levels. First, INC application is a software-as-a-service-style application. Second, CNC modules are exposed as services and CNC functionality is determined by service-oriented architecture. Third, INC application is developed using microservices architecture. Four autonomous INC microservices are defined and their mapping relationships are determined. All INC microservices are implemented as RESTful services and two complex INC microservices are implemented based on domain-driven design. A desktop client and its corresponding API gateway have been developed to test INC application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to develop and validate an innovative leadership model for improving service delivery in urban local authorities. The prevalence of poor service delivery in urban local authorities motivated this study. The selected constructs of innovative leadership are innovative and creative thinking behaviour, risk taking and change oriented leadership, stakeholder participation, public administration core values, and service leadership. Data was collected using a survey approach from residents of Harare City Council, Zimbabwe. A structured questionnaire was used to collect 415 validated responses which were analysed using AMOS structural equation modelling (SEM) application. The innovative leadership model was confirmed and the study concluded that innovative and creative thinking behaviour, risk taking and change oriented leadership stakeholder participation, service leadership, and public administration core values, as constructs of innovative leadership, can go a long way on improving service delivery challenges in urban local authorities. As a result, the study validated and concluded the role of the constructs on service delivery challenges in urban local authorities. The study therefore recommends the adoption of the tested model as a plausible solution to service delivery challenges being faced by urban local authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are an emerging industrial technology for monitoring physiological data. These networks employ medical wearable and implanted biomedical sensors aimed at improving quality of life by providing body-oriented services through a variety of industrial sensing gadgets. The sensors collect vital data from the body and forward this information to other nodes for further services using short-range wireless communication technology. In this paper, we provide a multi-aspect review of recent advancements made in this field pertaining to cross-domain security, privacy, and trust issues. The aim is to present an overall review of WBAN research and projects based on applications, devices, and communication architecture. We examine current issues and challenges with WBAN communications and technologies, with the aim of providing insights for a future vision of remote healthcare systems. We specifically address the potential and shortcomings of various Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) architectures and communication schemes that are proposed to maintain security, privacy, and trust within digital healthcare systems. Although current solutions and schemes aim to provide some level of security, several serious challenges remain that need to be understood and addressed. Our aim is to suggest future research directions for establishing best practices in protecting healthcare data. This includes monitoring, access control, key management, and trust management. The distinguishing feature of this survey is the combination of our review with a critical perspective on the future of WBANs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many new network-oriented services have been developed in recent years, and they are expected to be virtualized in multi-access edge computing (MEC) environments, which are being standardized along with fifth generation (5 G). Because many new network-oriented services have been developed to meet various user requests, and service-oriented development, wherein service functions are divided and combined, is expected to facilitate the development of flexible services at low costs. A core/periphery structure is an information processing system in biological systems consisting of core units, that is densely connected and provide efficient process, and peripheral units that can accommodate a variety of inputs and outputs. In this paper, we introduce a core/periphery structure into the service design since the service based on this structure can adapt to various inputs and outputs with only modifying peripheral functions. We expect that development cost is reduced by designing services based on core/periphery structure, because the entire service is not modified against environmental changes. Besides, we also consider the balance between the penalty and the reduction of development costs since dividing functions and placing them in different devices creates extra communication paths and degrades service responsiveness. We designed and implemented two service scenarios for our shopping service with a remote robot based on a core/periphery structure. Using the implemented services, we show that the design using the core/periphery structure is effective in terms of implementation cost and overhead for information sharing among remote robots. Furthermore, we measured the penalty through experiments on actual devices and showed that it is tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Putting ecological protection in a more prominent position is one of the outstanding features of implementing China ' s new development concept. Therefore, the Chinese government has implemented strict environmental regulation measures to improve the ecological environment, and has achieved remarkable results. Using the relevant data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020 for empirical analysis, this study found that there was a significant U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and regional economic growth. The consumption-oriented tertiary industry and the production-oriented tertiary industry, with market forces as the main resource allocation mode, developed better in southern China than in northern China. The structural advantage of tertiary industry with market forces as the main resource allocation mode in southern China could transform the positive externalities brought by environmental improvement into economic benefits so as to weaken the negative effect of environmental regulation on economic growth. As the basic industry of the digital economy, the production-oriented tertiary industry represented by computer service and the software industry developed better in southern China than in northern China, and the digital economy advanced rapidly in the advantageous industrial categories in southern China. Threshold model analysis showed that when the development level of the digital economy was low, environmental regulation had a significant promoting effect on the economic development of southern regions, while it had an inhibiting effect on the economic development of northern regions. When the development of the digital economy was high, environmental regulation played a significant role in promoting the economic development of southern and northern China, but it was obviously more intense in southern China than in northern China, making the economic disparities between the two demonstrate an amplified trend. Therefore, to narrow these disparities, it is necessary to further optimize the industrial structure in an accelerated manner, and promote the continuous transformation of environmental dividends into economic benefits while making full use of the opportunities of the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological evolution of signaling systems has created a dependency from infrastructure managers to suppliers and industrials dominating the market. Indeed, for each deployed computer interlocking, the modification of field equipment is required to allow an adaptation with the new interlocking in terms of communication protocols and logical interface. In addition, to ensure safe traffic of trains, the communication of railway signaling data is necessary between interlockings. However, delayed deployments from one station to another make the establishment of communication channels costly and difficult, or even impossible, since each supplier keeps confidential its communication protocols and usually opts for interfacing based on wired logic. This paper presents our approach to a homogeneous architecture of interlocking meeting modularity requirements, interoperability, and logical interfacing between interlockings. This approach relies on a classification of internal functions of the computer interlocking, a distribution of the execution of those functions and making useful information available for interfaces between adjacent interlockings through the IEC 61499 standard coupled with service-oriented architecture (SOA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a development trend of cross-border integration of industries in the digital economy, service-oriented manufacturing has achieved certain research results in the construction of wide value chain. However, in the transition development stage, the collaborative efficiency problem of service-oriented manufacturing value co-creation is increasingly prominent due to the unbalanced development of digitalization level of heterogeneous subjects. Therefore, based on the perspective of various subjects in the value chain of service-oriented manufacturing, this paper analyzes the synergistic mechanism of value co-creation of core manufacturing, service enterprises and customers under the influence of digitalization level difference. Then the paper constructs a three-party digital cooperative evolution game model and uses Netlogo software to simulation analyse. The results reveal the collaborative path of service-oriented manufacturing digital transformation. According to the comparison of the paths of actual enterprises, it is found that the paths has universality, which provide strategic reference for service-oriented manufacturing digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an innovative application of distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptographic algorithm, and other computer technologies. As the underlying architecture of blockchain, consensus is the key to realizing service-oriented applications of blockchain in terms of its security, efficiency, and scalability optimization. In some high-complexity consensus, such as Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), throughput is severely reduced as the number of nodes increases. Even in low-complexity algorithms such as Raft, the load on the leader is severely affected as the network size increases, negatively affecting consensus efficiency. To solve these problems, we propose a node reliable shard model based on guarantee tree that achieves high scalability while maintaining a certain degree of decentralization and security based on consortium blockchain. Firstly, we create a guarantee mechanism to represent the trust relationship between nodes, and then, we design a reliable node selection strategy based on the guarantee mechanism to evaluate the node guarantee results and consensus behavior, determine the node trust status, and identify malicious nodes and choose a list of trusted leaders. Secondly, we propose a Dual-Leaders supervision mechanism, in which the deputy senses the heartbeat of leader while the deputy activity is detected by consensus nodes. Finally, we use a guarantee mechanism and reliable node selection strategy to design a network partitioning method to achieve high concurrent consensus for multiple partitions and significantly improve consensus efficiency. Subsequent experiments show that the throughput of the proposed algorithm improves by 48% over Raft and is significantly greater than PBFT, which has better throughput but lower consensus latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential growth of networking technology has resulted in a massively expanded computer ecosystem. With implications in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and virtual reality, mobile networks operate and provide a multi-aspect strategy for multiple resource allocation paradigms and service-oriented possibilities in the computing sectors. The Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) model combines a virtual source with edge communication among execution. Thus, this study is to develop and implement a revolutionary resource allocation technique in the IIoT by combining optimal Reinforcement Learning (RL) with a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm. The three basic levels in the proposed paradigm are "Data input layer," "Data management layer," and "Data analytics layer". The data management layer is responsible for the data collected from edge devices and external devices. The proposed model's goal at the data management layer is to provide an intelligent work allocation mechanism. The Harris Hawks-Spider Monkey Optimization (HH-SMO) method combines Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) and Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) to find the best job allocation. From the statistical analysis, the mean of HH-SMO-RL is 15.88%, 14.91%, 14.79%, and 5.99% superior to SMO-RL, HHO-RL, JA-RL, and DHOA-RL respectively, which has shown the resource allocation in IIoT using optimized RL respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides an overview of the plans and developments for the software and computing infrastructure at Diamond, a synchrotron facility in the UK. The upcoming Diamond-II project will upgrade the facility and improve the brightness and coherence of synchrotron light. The article highlights the need for a new software architecture to meet the demands of the upgraded facility, including a service-based and web-technology-based paradigm. The upgrade will also involve adopting container-based deployment using Kubernetes and updating software development environments and processes. The goal is to enhance data processing, experiment orchestration, data analysis and visualization, information management, security and access control, and user interface, ultimately enabling transformative scientific research across various disciplines. [Extracted from the article]

Compatibility is a decisive and necessary factor which impacts the successfulness and correctness of establishing connections among services. Reliable service parameter predictions on compatibility may not only provide assurance on fulfilling workflow, but also reduce the risk of unexpected wasting on time and expenses. Recent research on service's parameter prediction focus on two aspects: Collaborative Filtering and Matrix Factorization. Both of them faces challenges from data-sparse problem, lack of solid mathematical support, and weakness on tracking dynamic services. In this paper, we propose Link-ability, a parameter to reveal the compatibility of a service. Firstly, we propose an architecture called Topology-Retrievable Service Oriented Architecture (TSOA), which is capable of collecting successful invocation records from service requesters and generate the whole topology of the service pool in a specific period of time. Secondly, we bring up the Link-ability Generation Algorithm (LGA) and Markovian mathematical strategies to generate Link-ability value. The algorithm is supported by solid mathematical proof and capable of solving data-sparse problems. Both TSOA and LGA are upgraded to adapt the circumstances of services exiting the service pool (we define it as a Drop-out). Lastly, we design and conduct two series of experiment to strengthen the reliability and correctness of Link-ability. The result shows that Link-ability considers comprehensive information of the whole topology and bring 54.18% reduction in average error rate against Drop-out scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional satellite remote sensing data acquisition, processing, and application models can no longer meet the demands of populism and real-time applications. In order to meet the real-time intelligent service demand for space-based information in the era of Internet of Things, it is of strategic significance to construct a positioning, navigation, timing, remote sensing, communication (PNTRC) integrative space-based information real-time service system that is system-connected, spatio-temporally fused, and service-oriented. This system supports users of all kinds to obtain information, high-precision positioning and timing, and multimedia communication services anytime and anywhere. Wuhan University has deployed the Luojia series of scientific experimental satellites to verify the integrated intelligent remote sensing satellite technology. In order to further promote the construction of the PNTRC system in China, Wuhan University, in cooperation with the Yantai Municipal Government in Shandong Province, has proposed the Oriental Smart Eye intelligent remote sensing satellite constellation plan. This plan aims to achieve innovative service mode transitions in satellite remote sensing, spanning government, industries, and the general public, by utilizing key technologies such as integrated positioning, navigation, timing, remote sensing, communication, satellite constellation network observation, on-orbit processing, and artificial intelligence. It aims to open up the blue ocean market of commercial remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Revolution drives the digitization of society and industry, entailing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) that form ecosystems where system owners and third parties share responsibilities within and across industry domains. Such ecosystems demand smart CPSs that continuously align their architecture and governance to the concerns of various stakeholders, including developers, operators, and users. In order to satisfy short- and long-term stakeholder concerns in a continuously evolving operational context, this work proposes self-adaptive software models that promote DevOps for smart CPS. Our architectural approach extends to the embedded system layer and utilizes embedded and interconnected Digital Twins to manage change effectively. Experiments conducted on industrial embedded control units demonstrate the approach's effectiveness in achieving sub-millisecond real-time closed-loop control of CPS assets and the simultaneous high-fidelity twinning (i.e., monitoring) of asset states. In addition, the experiments show practical support for the adaptation and evolution of CPS through the dynamic reconfiguring and updating of real-time control services and communication links without downtime. The evaluation results conclude that, in particular, the embedded Digital Twins can enhance CPS smartness by providing service-oriented access to CPS data, monitoring, adaptation, and control capabilities. Furthermore, the embedded Digital Twins can facilitate the seamless integration of these capabilities into current and future industrial service ecosystems. At the same time, these capabilities contribute to implementing emerging industrial services such as remote asset monitoring, commissioning, and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid advancement of the Industrial Internet and Urban Internet, a crucial trend is emerging in the realization of unified, service-oriented, and componentized encapsulation of IT and OT heterogeneous entities underpinned by a service-oriented architecture. This is pivotal for achieving componentized construction and development of extensive industrial software systems. In addressing the diverse demands of application tasks, the efficient and precise recommendation of service components has emerged as a pivotal concern. Existing recommendation models either focus solely on low-order interactions or emphasize high-order interactions, disregarding the distinction between implicit and explicit aspects within high-order interactions as well as the integration of high-order and low-order interactions. This oversight leads to subpar accuracy in recommendations. Real-world data exhibit intricate structures and nonlinearity. In practical applications, different interaction components exhibit varying predictive capabilities. Therefore, in this paper we propose an EIAFM model that fuses explicit and implicit higher-order feature interactions and introduce an attention mechanism to identify which low-level feature interactions contribute more significantly to the prediction results. This approach leads to increased interpretability, combining both generalization and memory capabilities. Through comprehensive experiments on authentic datasets that align with the characteristics of the Service Recommendation of Industrial Software Components problem, we demonstrate that the EIAFM model excels compared to other cutting-edge models in terms of recommendation effectiveness, with the evaluation metrics for the AUC and log-loss reaching values of 0.9281 and 0.3476, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper develops a structural model for building a system for developing methodological competence. The structural model is built based on a service-oriented approach to developing large software complexes and includes six subsystems. Each subsystem is implemented as a separate microservice, which allows system scaling. The paper describes a technique that allows you to build a teacher’s competency map and evaluate its eight components: cognitive, didactic, project, informational, communication, reflective, monitoring, and personal-motivational. A four-level scale is proposed for assessing the level of competencies. A methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the methodical competence development system based on the hierarchical expert method has been developed. The system was verified and implemented. According to the results of the system implementation, the intensification of the educational process and the improvement of the training quality of students were recorded. Students’ success in studying subjects has increased significantly. Namely, the number of bad students has decreased by 15 %, the number of «excellent» students has increased by 10 %, and the number of «good» students has increased by 18 %. The paper touches upon creating information technologies adequate for improving the higher education system. The goal is the targeted development and implementation of information technologies in educational institutions and the creation and operation of integrated, flexible software to support a mixed system for organizing the educational process, as well as increasing the efficiency of implementing a mixed system for organizing the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service choreographies are a versatile approach for building service-based distributed systems. Many approaches can be found in the literature tackling different aspects of service choreographies, such as choreography realizability and conformance checking, distributed coordination, formal choreographic languages, and scalability. As of today, choreography scalability has not been specifically addressed through approaches that also consider coordination issues while still decoupling these two related aspects. Scalability is one of the most important properties to be considered when building distributed systems. It enhances the user-perceived performances and influences the overall dependability of the system. In particular, load scalability allows distributed service-oriented systems to effectively handle varying loads without suffering performance degradation. In this direction, microservice-based systems are able to scale thanks to the possibility of replicating those microservices exposed to growing loads, distributing their workload among different instances. By leveraging on our experience in coordinating service choreographies, in this paper, we propose a layered architectural style that allows to realize scalable microservice-oriented choreographies. The architecture integrates a fully-distributed coordination layer capable of ensuring the correct interactions and a load-balancing layer that allows to balance of coordinated requests. We discuss the properties of the proposed architectural style and evaluate its benefits on user-perceived performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism industry is the first of the five happiness industries, playing a crucial role in enhancing people's well-being and happiness. Its high-quality development cannot be achieved without the use of emerging technologies, and today people have greatly improved the quality and happiness of tourism through smartphones, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technologies. Building smart marine tourism also requires widespread use of smart tourism technology. The study aims to examine the implications of perceived smart tourism technologies for tourist well-being in marine tourism, as well as the mediating role memorable tourism experiences play. We collected 445 valid questionnaires through a combination of offline and online methods and developed a theoretical model based on the results. The SPSS 26 statistical software package and Amos were applied in data analysis. There is a significant positive impact of perceived smart tourism technology on both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of tourists in marine tourism, which is partially mediated by memorable tourism experiences. This paper provides certain suggestions and insights into the construction of smart marine tourism, so that managers can pay more attention to the experience and well-being of tourists and build a humanized, diversified, intelligent and innovative marine tourism. For smart tourism technology suppliers, it can provide them with new ideas for technological improvement, so that they can provide better services and attract more tourists in a market-oriented environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is a decentralized ledger that allows the development of applications without the need for a trusted third party. As service-oriented computing continues to evolve, the concept of Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) has emerged, providing a simplified approach to building blockchain-based applications. The growing demand for blockchain services has resulted in numerous options with overlapping functionalities, making it difficult to select the most reliable ones for users. Choosing the best-trusted blockchain peers is a challenging task due to the sparsity of data caused by the multitude of available options. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose a novel collaborative filtering-based matrix completion model called Graph Attention Collaborative Filtering (GATCF), which leverages both graph attention and collaborative filtering techniques to recover the missing values in the data matrix effectively. By incorporating graph attention into the matrix completion process, GATCF can effectively capture the underlying dependencies and interactions between users or peers, and thus mitigate the data sparsity scenarios. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale dataset to assess our performance. Results show that our proposed method achieves higher recovery accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Queuing models are used to assess the functionality and aesthetics ofSCADAsystems for supervisory control and data collection. Here, the main emphasis is on how the queuing theory can be used in the system's design and analysis. The analysis's findings indicate that by using queuing models, cost-performance ratios close to the ideal might be attained. This article discusses a novelmethodology for evaluating the service-oriented survivability of SCADA systems. In order to evaluate the state of service performance and the system's overall resilience, the framework applies queuing theory to an analytical model. As a result, the SCADA process is translated using the MX/G/1 queuing model, and the queueing theory is used to evaluate this design's strategy. The supplemental variable technique solves the queuing problem that comes with the subsequent results. The queue size, server idle time, utilization, and probabilistic generating factors of the distinct operating strategies are estimated. Notable examples were examined via numerical analysis using mathematical software. Because it is used frequently and uses a statistical demarcation method, this tactic is completely acceptable. The graphical representation of this perspective offers a thorough analysis of the alleged limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the cloudification of networks with a micro-services-oriented design is a well-known feature of 5G, the 6G era of networks is closely related to intelligent network orchestration and management. Consequently, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have a big part to play in the 6G paradigm that is being imagined. Future end-to-end automation of networks requires proactive threat detection, the use of clever mitigation strategies, and confirmation that 6G networks will be self-sustaining. To strengthen and consolidate the role of AI in safeguarding 6G networks, this article explores how AI may be employed in 6G security. In order to achieve this, a novel anomaly detection system for 6G networks (AD6GNs) based on ensemble learning (EL) for communication networks was redeveloped in this study. The first stage in the EL-ADCN process is pre-processing. The second stage is the feature selection approach. It applies the reimplemented hybrid approach using a comparison of the ensemble learning and feature selection random forest algorithms (CFS-RF). NB2015, CIC_IDS2017, NSL KDD, and CICDDOS2019 are the three datasets, each given a reduced dimensionality, and the top subset characteristic for each is determined separately. Hybrid EL techniques are used in the third step to find intrusions. The average voting methodology is employed as an aggregation method, and two classifiers—support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF)—are modified to be used as EL algorithms for bagging and adaboosting, respectively. Testing the concept of the last step involves employing classification forms that are binary and multi-class. The best experimental results were obtained by applying 30, 35, 40, and 40 features of the reimplemented system to the three datasets: NSL_KDD, UNSW_NB2015, CIC_IDS2017, and CICDDOS2019. For the NSL_KDD dataset, the accuracy was 99.5% with a false alarm rate of 0.0038; the accuracy was 99.9% for the UNSW_NB2015 dataset with a false alarm rate of 0.0076; and the accuracy was 99.8% for the CIC_IDS2017 dataset with a false alarm rate of 0.0009. However, the accuracy was 99.95426% for the CICDDOS2019 dataset, with a false alarm rate of 0.00113. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designed using vehicle requirements, Scalable service-Oriented MiddlewarE over IP (SOME/IP) has been adopted and used as one of the Ethernet communication standard protocols in the AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR). However, SOME/IP was designed without considering security, and its vulnerabilities have been demonstrated through research. In this paper, we propose a SOME/IP communication protection method using an authentication server (AS) and tickets to mitigate the infamous SOME/IP man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. Reliable communication between the service-providing node and the node using SOME/IP communication is possible through the ticket issued from the authentication server. This method is relatively light in operation at each node, has good scalability for changes such as node addition, guarantees freshness, and provides interoperability with the existing SOME/IP protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the architecture of general-purpose services for economic researches. The excessive popularity of service-oriented architecture implementations has led to consideration of the application of this ap- proach in the production of organizations engaged in processing statistical and economic information for analytical research. This is due to the possibility of reusing services, each of which is designed to perform specific statistical functions, and the availability of design solutions for compiling these functions into a program for implementing a statistical task solution, using orchestration as a basis for dynamic service calls. The paper proposes an approach to the development of external statistical services as a set of software products for solving analytical tasks by groups of independent researchers. Since such researchers do not have sufficient financial support, the use of external statistical services will allow them to conduct an in-depth analysis of their research results. The proposed approach assumes that such a service should have its typical data storage structure with fixed types and attributes, to which the researcher imports their own data, selects a calculation execution scheme, initializes their execution, and receives results. Taking into account this storage scheme, the authors have identified the main groups of metadata necessary to describe the implementation of the statistical process. A sta- tistical business process typically consists of a set of procedures that implement certain statistical operations and data transformations, and the provided set of metadata allows for the realization of the process goal and activity. Issues that require further in-depth research for the practical implementation of the proposed idea have been identified. The use of service-oriented architecture for building statistical processes allows for standardizing the approach by unifying the functions of individual services. The availability of possibilities for practical implemen- tation of software products in a service-oriented architecture using a cloud environment in modern IT industry serves as a guide for further research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By enabling the fusion of cyber and physical world, Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have emerged as a key technology of the fourth industrial revolution – Industry 4.0. One of the major challenges for developing manufacturing CPSs is establishing communication between physical resources and Internet/cloud-hosted applications. Recently, MTConnect has become a widely popular communication method for monitoring machine tools in cyber manufacturing. However, it does not allow remote operations of machine tools over the Internet, which is essential in many manufacturing CPSs. This paper presents an Internet-scale service-oriented communication method named Machine Tool Communication (MTComm), which provides capabilities of both monitoring and operating heterogeneous machine tools over the Internet. MTComm allows machine tools to exchange manufacturing services and associated information in XML format through RESTful web services. This paper describes design and development of MTComm components, ontology, and methodology of data acquisition and direct operation through five types of services. To reduce communication latency and improve performance, three optimization strategies were developed and used in an edge-based middleware. Experiments were conducted in a testbed with five machines at different stages of MTComm development and results demonstrated excellent feasibility for efficiently monitoring and operating heterogeneous machine tools in a scalable cyber-physical manufacturing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of new technologies, cloud manufacturing system allows users to request different services by providing a customer-oriented structure with the possibility of access to distributed manufacturing resources. By departing from literature, this study relaxes the unreasonable assumption that all tasks are available at the first moment of scheduling. In addition, two factors are considered to get the model closer to reality: (1) The time/cost of sub-tasks transfer among different services of enterprises in diverse geographical locations; and (2) Service setup time/cost to perform diverse sub-tasks on a given service consecutively. Taking into account these characteristics, a model including three objects of cost imposed on the cloud manufacturing system, task completion time and service quality is developed. The results confirm the importance of considering task arrival time, logistics time/cost and setup time/cost to get more realistic solutions. GAMS software is employed to solve the problems with small and medium scales while a solution approach method based on a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the problems on a large scale. And finally, a sensitivity analysis is undertaken to gain insight into the impact of time, cost and user's requirements on the final solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of cloud infrastructures, micro-services, frameworks, and reference architectures for every conceivable domain and quality attribute, someone might think that architectural knowledge is hardly needed anymore. But all the architect of today needs to select from the rich array of tools and infrastructure alternatives out there, instantiate, configure them, and create an architecture. Software architecture tools mean any software that helps automation and create architecture, according to requirements. The purpose of these tools is to reduce human effort, speed up software development, and increase reliability. This paper aims to perform a literature review of software architecture tools and to propose architectures for the requirements of the Organization of Small Industries and Industrial Towns of Iran (OSIITI). We surveyed more than 50 software architecture tools for use in practical situations and large-scale projects such as OSIITI's needs. The results of this survey identified five classes, namely (a) Modeling Tools to model architectures; (b) Code-Based Tools (Diagrams-As-Code) to perform syntactic and semantic consistency checking of the models; (c) Automated Tools to generate executable source code automatically that implements the models; (d) Diagramming Tools and (e) Icons-Based Tools to support for trace links between models and requirements or models and tests interfaces. For each class, several software tools are provided with their major features. These classes and tools are very helpful for organizations such as OSIITI that want to develop software, in both small and large-scale projects. A couple of architectures, based on layered and service-oriented patterns are proposed for OSIITI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing platform is a data-centric architecture, which utilize virtualization resource scheduling technology to integrate and distribute the processing power of distributed server cluster and other network devices distributed over the network, and uses service-oriented architecture to provide users with highly reliable, highly available, and efficient application data services. Although the cloud platform application based on various requirements has become a research hotspot in cloud computing technology, in some high Real-time requirements application scenarios, the research on how to guarantee the real time performance of cloud platform is few. Compared to traditional resource virtualization such as CPU and memory, Docker only provides a small portion of network resource virtualization. The four network modes provided by Docker officially have a single function, which makes it very difficult to apply to cloud platform scenarios with complex network bandwidth requirements and high real-time requirements. Based on Docker's traditional NAT communication method, this paper proposes a network virtualization solution based on SDN and Docker containers. Through comparison experiments, it is proved that the scheme can guarantee the Real-time performance of the container cloud platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horizontal and vertical scalability have been widely studied in the context of computational resources. However, with the exponential growth in the number of connected objects, functional scalability (in terms of the size of software systems) is rapidly becoming a central challenge for building efficient service-oriented Internet of Things (IoT) systems that generate huge volumes of data continuously. As systems scale up, a centralized approach for moving data between services becomes infeasible because it leads to a single performance bottleneck. A distributed approach avoids such a bottleneck, but it incurs additional network traffic as data streams pass through multiple mediators. Decentralized data exchange is the only solution for realizing totally efficient IoT systems, since it avoids a single performance bottleneck and dramatically minimizes network traffic. In this paper, we present a functionally scalable approach that separates data and control for the realization of decentralized data flows in service-oriented IoT systems. Our approach is evaluated empirically, and the results show that it scales well with the size of IoT systems by substantially reducing both the number of data flows and network traffic in comparison with distributed data flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web services have been widely used to develop complex distributed software systems in the context of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). As a standard for describing Web services, the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) provides a universal mechanism to describe the service’s functionalities for the service consumers. However, the current WSDL only provides the description of the interfaces to a Web Service without any restrictions or assumptions on how to properly invoke the service, resulting in divergent understanding of the Web service’s behavior between the service developer and service consumer. A particular challenge is how to make explicit the various behavior assumptions and restrictions of a service (for the user), and make sure that the service implementation conforms to them (for the developer). In this article, we propose a constraint-based model-driven approach to improving the behavior conformance of Web services. In our approach, constraints are introduced in an extended WSDL, called CxWSDL, to formally and explicitly express the implicit restrictions and assumptions on the behavior of a Web service, and then the predefined constraints are used to derive test cases in a model-driven manner to test the service implementation’s conformance to its behavior constraints from the user’s perspective. An empirical study involving four real-life Web services was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, and four actual inconsistencies were discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years, technology has been steadily rising and leading to rapid change in the development process. Information & Communication Technology (ICT) approaches have been moving toward new development trends with a huge elevation of comprehension. Service providers are always seeking customer satisfaction and due to multiple essentials, clients prefer to migrate from one application to another. Newer software applications are being launched, but they are constricted within a defined scope and cannot perform functions of interoperable components. Therefore, the aim of this study is to facilitate clients with multiple services over a single platform and gain knowledge about cloud computing, service computing techniques to enable flexibility and interoperability between applications. This work proposes an STA-Vision19 cloud platform and Service Integration Bridge (SIB) as solutions. To validate methods, abasic prototype for the proposedframework STA-Vision19 andtwo applications E-Learning and Blogging System were implemented. In results, software evaluation parameters, and testing results are discussed, which indicates that the proposed system can collaborate two or more applications and it is beneficial to use as compared to an isolated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Twins, as a technological pillar of Industry 4.0, correspond to the virtual representation and bi-fold a real-time communication of a digital counterpart of a process or a physical object. As the industrial and manufacturing landscape is shifting towards Industry 5.0, huge investments focusing on enhancing interactions between Operators and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) occur. Yet, Metaverse strengthens these interactions as it enables human immersion into a virtual world. Furthermore, it examines the very promising relationships between the CPS, through the digital twins of these CPS. Therefore, this short review presents the concept of the Digital Twin inception in Industrial Metaverse. Additionally, a service-oriented digital twin architecture with Metaverseenabled platforms for added value creation and interactions with CPS towards achieving Industry 5.0 challenges and beyond is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service Oriented Architecture is built on services in which web service discovery is one of the most widely explored domains. Service reputation plays a vital role in the discovery process while selecting the optimal service from a large pool of functionally equivalent services. Reputation mechanism attempts to forecast the future performance of a service based on its past behaviors generally obtained in the form of feedback ratings submitted by users of the service. These feedback ratings about a service may vary from user to user. Variations in feedback ratings could be because of different users' different subjective judgments and/or dishonest users' purposely submitted unfair ratings. This paper proposes a service reputation measurement approach counting such diversified act of rating. To realize this goal, an efficient user credibility assessment methodology has been devised by employing the measure of interrater reliability. Experiments are performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed reputation measurement approach. The experimental results depict that the proposed approach can fairly assess service reputations in the presence of various kinds of raters in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since entering the era of Industry 4.0, the concept of Healthcare 4.0 has also been put forward and explored by researchers. How to use Information Technology (IT) to better serve people's healthcare is one of the most featured emerging directions in the academic circle. An important field of Healthcare 4.0 research is the reliability engineering of healthcare service. Because healthcare systems often affect the health and even life of their users, developers must be very cautious in the design, development, and operation of these healthcare systems and services. The problems to be solved include the reliability of business process, system functions, and personal healthcare data. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has been applied in reliability engineering for safety-critical systems in available studies, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. However, the method has not been applied in the field of digital healthcare services development. Therefore, to narrow the gap, we present in this paper a semi-quantitative functional resonance analysis method to develop reliable healthcare services for diabetics. Moreover, this paper has tried to improve the reliability design of the service-oriented architecture (SOA) of traditional insulin pump therapy by system thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]