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The waste management and the role of waste pickers as environmental agents have been gaining prominence in recent years due to the sanction of Brazilian National Policy of Solid Waste. The objective of this paper is to verify the economic development promoted by the improvement in the income of the population of the Structural Administrative Region, in Distrito Federal, which provided a decrease in the Gini index. Besides, also this paper has as objective, to analyze the conditions of waste pickers organized in associations and cooperatives in the process of waste management. In order to reach this purpose, we used as a basis the District Search Household Sampling - PDAD held by CODEPLAN in 2004 and 2011. Based on data presented in PDAD 2004 and 2011, it was found an improvement in family income of the population, resident at Structural region. These results were represented by the decrease of the families with income until two minimum wages and the increase of the families with incomes of two to five minimum wages. However, by restricting this research to waste pickers, it was found that they have income near to one minimum wage monthly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]