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Context. Dairy calf-rearing practises have the potential to influence profitability through milk requirements at rearing, and affect lifetime productivity and market access from an animal-welfare perspective. Aims. The aim of this research was to compare calf growth and milk requirements by using conventional artificial rearing (AR) and restricted milk allocation with AR and high milk allocation or suckled calves. Methods. Forty-five Friesian × Jersey calves were allocated to be either AR on 6 L/calf.day, (ARC) or 12 L/calf.day, (ARH), or suckled with dams in a cow-calf contact system using partial contact (15 h/day, CCC). AR calves were fed, and intake measured, using an automatic feeder, whereas CCC calves had access to their dams between 1500 hours and 0600 hours. Calves were transitioned off milk, once they reached at least 75 kg liveweight (LW), by gradually reducing their milk allocation (AR) or reducing access to their dam (CCC). Key results. Milk consumption for ARH was greater than for ARC calves (382 vs 450 L/calf, P < 0.05), whereas for CCC calves milk-yield difference between dams for the control and suckling groups during the suckling period and over the full season was 706 and 1048 L/cow respectively. There was no difference in weaning weight of calves (87 ± 1.7 kg LW), but, owing to differences in pre-weaning growth rate, age to weaning was youngest (P < 0.05) for CCC (55 days), followed by ARH (62 days) and ARC (73 days). Respective growth rates between birth and weaning (P < 0.001) for CCC, ARH and ARC calves were 0.955, 0.873 and 0.755 ± 0.028 kg/day. Although there was a growth check among CCC calves during the weaning period, there were no post-weaning differences in growth rate among the groups. Conclusions. Increasing milk allowance had the benefit of improving calf pre-weaning growth rate, giving the option of weaning calves either earlier or when heavier. However, milk yield losses under suckling systems may be too high to warrant the elevated pre-weaning growth of calves. Implications. The costs-benefits of high milk allocation or suckling systems need to be ascertained over the lifetime of the animals to assess long-term survival and productivity outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silica-supported copolymer loaded with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was prepared and first investigated for the separation of trace radium from natural 232Th. Results showed that the adsorbent was prepared successfully with ultrahigh selectivity and ultrafast adsorption kinetics towards thorium, making the separation easy and convenient. The chemical recovery rate to radium reached 96.7%, and the decontamination factor to thorium exceeded 105. Generally, this work demonstrated the feasibility of using this material and method to directly separate 228Ra and 224Ra from 232Th, rendering it significant in the future preparation and application of 212Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of actinides and rare earth elements is only possible by separating these metals with high purity. The materials used in separation must have thermal, chemical, mechanical, and radiation resistance. In the present study, separation experiments of actinides and rare earth elements (REEs) were carried out using purified H2SO4 leach liquor. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-supported Ti, Zr, and Si oxide nanocomposites were tested for the selective separation of Th, U, Gd, Eu, Sm, Pr, Nd, La, Ce, and Y. The effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent/solution ratio, and temperature on distribution coefficient (KD) and adsorption capacity (Q) were investigated. The synthesized nanocomposites tend to separate the elements into two main groups: Th, U, Gd, Eu and Sm, Pr, Nd, La, Ce. Notably, it was observed that the separation of Th and U from the remaining elements is promising at 15 °C. Additionally, the separation can be further improved depending on the differences in desorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grandparental support may protect mothers from depression, particularly mothers who separate and enter single parenthood. Using longitudinal Finnish register data on 116,917 separating and 371,703 non-separating mothers with young children, we examined differences in mothers' antidepressant purchases by grandparental characteristics related to provision of support. Grandparents' younger age (<70 years), employment, and lack of severe health problems predicted a lower probability of maternal depression. Depression was also less common if grandparents lived close to the mother and if the maternal grandparents' union was intact. Differences in maternal depression by grandparental characteristics were larger among separating than among non-separating mothers, particularly during the years before separation. Overall, maternal grandmothers' characteristics appeared to matter most, while the role of paternal grandparents was smaller. The findings suggest that grandparental characteristics associated with increased potential for providing support and decreased need of receiving support predict a lower likelihood of maternal depression, particularly among separating mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unhealthy alcohol use has been considered a coping strategy related to stressful and traumatic life events such as relationship loss. Yet, the effects of marital status on health behaviors are generally studied cross-sectionally or over one transition. We explored associations between the frequency and quantity of alcohol use with the number of episodes and duration of separation/divorce events across adulthood among English adults in mid to later life. Methods: This study used life history data from wave 3 (2006/07) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging to compute marital sequences based on marital status at each year of age from 18 years of 6,355 adults aged 50–80 years. These sequences were used to compute the portion of adulthood spent separated/divorced and the number of episodes of divorce. These variables were used as predictors in logistic regressions predicting unhealthy alcohol use, while also controlling for current marital status. Results: We found that the number of episodes of separation/divorce increased the odds of drinking ≥5 days/week and binge drinking (≥6 drinks/occasion for women; ≥8 drinks/occasion for men), whereas the portion of adulthood spent divorced was not associated with drinking frequency or binge drinking. Some nuances by gender were also noted. Conclusions: Recurrent transitions into separation/divorce over adulthood appears to increase risk of unhealthy alcohol use in mid to later life beyond the risks associated with current marital status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of porous ceramic materials based on fine SiC with sintering silicon oxide and magnesia binders at T = 800–1300 °C is considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of the shape and morphology of the initial powder particles on structural parameters and characteristics of porous ceramic materials. The SiC membranes sintered at 1000–1300 °C had average pore sizes of 0.5–1 μm, open porosity - up to 50 %, bending strength - up to 48.5 MPa and high water permeance - up to 7890 l⋅m−2⋅h−1⋅bar−1. The established filtration efficiency was ∼99 % in the case of screening out model particles of D 50 = 0.5 μm in size with maintaining stable permeance and physico-mechanical characteristics after multiple filtration-regeneration cycles. Comprehension of the initial powders morphology impact on the synthesized porous ceramics parameters makes it possible to forecast and ensure the preset structural, dimensional and physico-mechanical parameters of the materials under study properly. This work can be used for practical low-cost production of highly efficient SiC membranes for micro- and ultrafiltration processes, as well as base for catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study is based on the synthesis and characterisation of MgSiO3 nanoparticles (MgSiO3 NPs) and its application for ultrasound-assisted solid-phase extraction (UASPE) of methylene blue (MB) dye from water samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The prepared MgSiO3 NPs were fully identified and characterised by different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared nano sorbent had spherical shape with size diameter of 20 nm. Central composite design (CCD) optimisation approach as versatile tool was used for investigation and optimisation of the effective parameters. Using CCD method, the optimised conditions were achieved to be pH of 7.0, sorbent dosage of 29.80 mg, ultrasonic time of 10.34 min, and temperature of 25°C at 500 µl of dimethylformamide eluent using Triton X-100 surfactant. Under the optimised conditions, the proposed method is applicable for wide linear range with detection limit of 0.084 mg L−1, limit of quantification of 0.28 mg L−1. The prepared MgSiO3 NPs have exceptional properties in terms of porous and sheets structure and also high adsorption capacity. In addition, the applied method showed satisfactory figure of merits in terms of pre-concentration factor of 10, which make candidate the applied method and nano sorbent as an operative and ideal candidate for pre-concentration and determination trace level of MB from water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas dehydration plays a critical role in gas refining processes due to the potential problems caused by the presence of water vapor. The inclusion of water vapor can lead to issues such as hydrate formation, pressure drop, and pipeline corrosion. In this research, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) absorbent was employed to absorb water vapor and subsequently, its absorption performance was compared with the absorption of tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) and lithium chloride, the most commonly used absorbents in water vapor separation processes. To do so, the influence of several effective parameters, including the inlet air flow rate, different ratios of choline chloride to urea (ChCl:Urea), the weight percentage of liquid water in the absorbent, and the viscosity of DES were investigated. The results demonstrated that DES is highly efficient for water vapor separation, outperforming both TEG and aqueous lithium chloride solutions. Moreover, increasing the inlet air flow rate was found to decrease absorption recovery due to reduced residence time. Additionally, a ChCl ratio of 1:2 yielded the highest absorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide expansion of the meat industry generated tremendous amounts of animal-based waste. Discarded beef tallow (DBT) is one of those prevalent lipid-rich wastes disposed of by slaughterhouses, meat processing units, and tanneries. The current study utilized the advanced technology of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) to extract lipid content from DBT for biodiesel production through transesterification. The effects of SC-CO2 parameters on the extraction rate were investigated over ranges of (32–80°C) for temperature, (10–50 MPa) for pressure, and (15–150 min) for treatment time. Using response surface methodology (RSM), both processes of SC-CO2 and transesterification were optimized. The highest extraction rate was 86.10%, obtained at the experimental conditions of 60°C for temperature, 30 MPa for pressure, and 120 min for treatment time. For the transesterification, the maximum yield of biodiesel was 95.15%, obtained at the reaction conditions of 1:7.5, 1.16 wt%, 58°C, and 72 min for lipid to methanol molar ratio, catalyst ratio, temperature, and time, respectively. The outcomes of the kinetic and thermodynamic analyses showed that the SC-CO2 extraction was an endothermal, unspontaneous, and temperature-dependent process. The characteristics of the synthesized biodiesel largely comply with the ASTM D6751 and EN 14,214 standards. The findings of the current study confirm the viability of SC-CO2 to extract lipids from DBT as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. HIGHLIGHTS: Lipids were extracted from discarded beef tallow using supercritical CO2. Kinetics & thermodynamics analyses were conducted for the lipid extraction. Dependent and independent variables were optimized by RSM. Biodiesel fuel was synthesized from the separated lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current industry is based on materials derived from petroleum; however, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, it has been necessary to look for more sustainable alternatives. For that reason, different methods for the production of high-value-added molecules from carbohydrates have been developed. The focus of this review is to introduce the reader to the main catalytic routes for the production of platform molecules of great importance, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, while exploring other related products. It emphasizes the use of agro-food wastes as starting material and gives an overview of pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass, as this is still a challenge in the current research. This review also opens a new perspective to refocus the research towards the development of separation and purification methods as part of the integrated process, as this is a key point for future scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of radionuclides is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. It is urgent to design and prepare functionalized materials for efficient radionuclides separation. Porous materials are considered excellent candidates for the separation of radionuclides under complex conditions due to their high specific surface areas, tunable pore structures and controllable functionalities. In this review, we summarized the design, preparation and functionalization of porous materials and their application for separation of radionuclides in the past five years, discussed the separation performance and analyzed the structure-activity relationship between various radionuclides and porous materials, and systematically clarified their characterization and mechanism of different type porous materials. We also introduced the detection, irradiation and chemical toxicity of different reflective radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective adsorption of paraffins over olefins (mostly C2 and C3) by porous solids could offer tremendous advantages for the purification of olefins, which is, however, challenging as it has stringent requirements on the pore dimensions and pore surface chemistry of the adsorbent. We report here a metal-organic framework (MOF) with novel topology, Y3(μ3-OH)(TCMPB)2 (denoted as HIAM-316, TCMPB4− = 1,2,4,5-tetra(4-carboxy-3-methylphenyl)benzene), which shows reversed separation of C2H6/C2H4 and C3H8/C3H6 simultaneously. The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivities for equimolar binary mixtures of C2H6/C2H4 and C3H8/C3H6 were calculated to be 1.67 and 1.23 at 1 bar and 298 K for HIAM-316. Its capability of removing paraffines from paraffin/olefin mixtures is validated by breakthrough measurements. Molecular simulations reveal that the preferential adsorption of paraffins over olefins by HIAM-316 may be attributed to the abundant carboxylate oxygen atoms along its channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) method to calculate the monomeric and competitive absorption behavior of six nuclear-industrial elemental gases: H2, N2, I2, Ar, Kr, Xe in the lanthanide-based MOF (Nd-MOF: {[Ln2(IDA)3]⋅(H2O)2}n (Ln = Nd; H2IDA = iminodiacetic acid). Subsequently, the density functional theory (DFT) is employed to calculate the electronic density difference of MOF systems for different gases and adsorption sites. Furthermore, the thermodynamic stability of MOF materials is analyzed by integrating DFT combined MD. The result shows that the MOF system has a higher absorptive selectivity to the inert elemental gases, while the absorptions of I2 are very weak, due to molecular sieve effect. The channel structure of Nd-MOF exhibits different characteristics depending on the composition of the adsorption sites, and both types of channels have deeper adsorption potential wells for inert gases. Moreover, we note that the lattice remains stable under working conditions (250–400 K), and is prone to thermal decomposition at 700 K with the saturation of heat capacity. The Nd-MOF system is expected for the adsorption and separation of mixed-elemental gases and the purification of I2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This longitudinal study is based on family systems theory and aims to explore the association between the quality of the separated parents' relationship and the frequency of father–child contact up to five years after parental separation. Using data collected from 408 families from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), multilevel analyses and latent growth curve model were carried out. The results highlight a positive association between the separated parents' relationship and father–child contact and demonstrate the impact of the initial contact frequency on the evolution over time of the separated parents' relationship. They also highlight the contribution of custody tension, the child's age, the length of time the couple lived together, and the socio-economic status on the initial levels of the studied trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Partnership is an important resource in dealing with endometriosis related chronic pain. Hence, our objective was to assess partnership in the context of endometriosis and its symptoms, considering the perspectives of both individuals involved. Methods: The study was designed as a multi-center matched case-control study in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Altogether 381 women with surgically/histologically confirmed endometriosis and 381 control women, 250 male partners of endometriosis-affected women and 229 of control women were evaluated. Partnership quality, partnership happiness, separation thoughts, and areas of conflict were evaluated through the Partnership Questionnaire and a validated list of conflict areas. Results: Quality of partnership was rated as high by 60.1% of the women with endometriosis and 66.7% of the control women, as well as by 45.8 and 50.2% of their respective partners. Women with endometriosis mentioned separation thoughts, mostly related to sexual satisfaction, more often (34.9%/28.3%) and experienced more partnership-related conflicts than control women. Chronic pain, dyspareunia, dissatisfaction with sexuality, fatigue, and infertility were significantly associated with partnership conflicts. Fatigue and infertility but not pain experiences were related to lower partnership quality. Male partners in both groups reported separation thoughts equally often. In men, a high intensity of pain experienced by their partner was associated with reduced partnership happiness. Conclusion: Given the significance of partnership in dealing with chronic diseases and the connection between symptoms of endometriosis and a decrease in partnership quality, it is essential to incorporate strategies that alleviate the negative impacts on relationships for both partners into medical support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the association between the level of similarity in the "Big Five" personality traits of the partners in different-sex couples and their risk of union dissolution. Prior research has mainly focused on homogamy in socio-economic, demographic, and cultural characteristics, such as age, education, employment, and religion. The few studies on the effects of homogamy in the personalities of the partners on separation find mixed results. We extend on this by analysing the moderating effect of education. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the 2005–2019 period, we follow 3958 coresidential couples and observe 534 separations. Personality is measured via the "Big Five" personality traits. We estimate discrete-time event history models for union dissolution. In addition to reporting the main effects, we calculate interactions between personality and the level of education of the partners. Our results indicate that greater dissimilarity with regard to the personality trait "openness" is associated with a higher probability to separate. However, analysing interaction effects reveals that this is relevant mainly among medium educated men. Moreover, persons with high education seem to be less likely to separate if they are dissimilar from their partner in their level of "extraversion". These findings suggest that relationship dynamics differ across educational groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) capable of atmospheric water harvesting in arid conditions. The isothermal water uptake profile of the framework was studied, and the network displayed steep water sorption at low relative humidity (RH) in temperatures of up to 45 °C, reaching a water uptake of 0.12 g g−1 at 10 % RH and even 0.08 g g−1 at just 5 % RH, representing some of the most extreme conditions on the planet. We found that the inclusion of sulfonate moieties shifted uptake in the water isotherm profiles to lower RH compared to non‐sulfonated equivalents, demonstrating well the benefits of including these hydrophilic sites for water uptake in hot, arid locations. Repeated uptake and desorption cycles were performed on the material without significant detriment to its adsorption performance, demonstrating the potential of the sulfonated COF for real‐world implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of used engine oil (UEO) with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane made of commercial copolymer of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AN-co-MA)) has been investigated. The P(AN-co-MA) sample was characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and XRD. The UF membrane with a mean pore size of 23 nm was fabricated by using of non-solvent-induced phase separation method—the casting solution of 13 wt.% P(AN-co-MA) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was precipitated in the water bath. Before the experiment, the used engine oil was diluted with toluene, and the resulting UEO solution in toluene (100 g/L) was filtered through the UF membrane in the dead-end filtration mode. Special attention was given to the evaluation of membrane fouling; for instance, the permeability of UEO solution was dropped from its initial value of 2.90 L/(m2·h·bar) and then leveled off at 0.75 L/(m2·h·bar). However, the membrane cleaning (washing with toluene) allowed a recovery of 79% of the initial pure toluene flux (flux recovery ratio), indicating quite attractive membrane resistance toward irreversible fouling with engine oil components. The analysis of the feed, retentate, and permeate by various analytical methods showed that the filtration through the UF membrane made of P(AN-co-MA) provided the removal of major contaminants of used engine oil including polymerization products and metals (rejection—96.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental objective of this paper is to use Machine Learning (ML) methods for building models on temperature (T) prediction using input features r and z for a membrane separation process. A hybrid model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the separation process and integrate the results into machine learning models. The CFD simulations were performed to estimate temperature distribution in a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process for separation of liquid mixtures. The evaluated ML models include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Elastic Net Regression (ENR), Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT), and Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR). Performance was improved using Differential Evolution (DE) for hyper-parameter tuning, and model validation was performed using Monte Carlo Cross-Validation. The results clearly indicated the models’ effectiveness in temperature prediction, with SVM outperforming other models in terms of accuracy. The SVM model had a mean R2 value of 0.9969 and a standard deviation of 0.0001, indicating a strong and consistent fit to the membrane data. Furthermore, it exhibited the lowest mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error, signifying superior predictive accuracy and reliability. These outcomes highlight the importance of selecting a suitable model and optimizing hyperparameters to guarantee accurate predictions in ML tasks. It demonstrates that using SVM, optimized with DE improves accuracy and consistency for this specific predictive task in membrane separation context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced during the high‐temperature combustion process of fossil fuels, which are considered as an atmospheric pollutant that can lead to significant environmental issues such as acid rain and photochemical smog. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the concentration of NOx in the atmosphere in order to protect the ecological environment upon which human beings depends. The integrated utilization of NOx removal technology results in environmentally harmless compounds, such as N2 and H2O, through the processes like adsorption, separation, catalytic reduction and other methods. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are seen as ideal candidates for addressing NOx pollution issues in the atmosphere due to their high specific surface area, ultrahigh porosity and unlimited modifiability. Herein, the latest research progress in MOFs and MOFs‐derived materials related to NOx adsorption, separation and catalytic reduction is presented and summarized. Besides, some opportunities and problems need to be solved in this field are proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The room temperature ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium decanoate ([P66614][Dec]) was employed in the liquid-liquid extraction of Co(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions in the presence of Ni(II). The extraction performance in liquid-liquid separations showed a strong dependence on the acid content of the feed aqueous solution. The best performance in terms of extracted cobalt and selectivity was obtained when the feed contained a HCl concentration above 6 M On the contrary, when the experiment was performed in absence of HCl, a lower extraction and Co/Ni selectivity were obtained. This behavior has been rationalized by considering the protonation of the [Dec]− anion and the different Co(II)/Ni(II) speciation in HCl media. Moreover, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were prepared using PVC and [P66614][Dec] at different weight rations. Only the PIM formulated with a 30:70/PVC:[P66614][Dec] weight ratio demonstrated effective extraction of Co(II) from the HCl solution. The extraction efficiency and selectivity of the PIM was comparable to that from biphasic liquid experiments at 8 M HCl. The results of this study constitute a promising background for further practical developments of carboxylate-based ILs applied in Co/Ni separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of Cs(I), Sr(II) and Y(III) from aqueous solutions using silica polystyrene (SPS) impregnated with Aliquat-336 (A-336) and Theonyl triflouroacetone (HTTA) was investigated. The synthesized materials; SPS, A-336@SPS and HTTA@SPS were characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM. The order of adsorption capacity is Cs(I)>Sr(II)>Y(III). The adsorption capacity (qe) for Cs(I), Sr(II) and Y(III) was found to be 2.3, 0.75 and 0.55 mg/g, respectively. The maximum separation factor of SF(Cs/Sr), SF(Cs/Y) and SF(Sr/Y) was 16.01, 29.32, and 1.83, respectively. The selective adsorption of Cs(I) by A-336@SPS is attributed to the formation of strong complex between nitrogen atom of A-336@SPS and Cs(I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately describe the operational risks of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) in air and determine safety separations, a collision risk model was established that considers both collision probability and collision rate. Based on the characteristics of multi rotor UAVs operating in unstructured airspace, firstly, for unmanned aerial vehicles that cannot obtain dynamic and have no collision avoidance measures in the airspace, a collision probability model was established that combines the uncertainty of heading and position error, and different collision probabilities were used as safety target levels to determine safety separations. Then, for other UAVs in the airspace that can obtain dynamics and take collision avoidance measures, based on their maneuverability, position error, and system error, determine the safety separation and calculate the collision probability. Then, the safety separation was used as the conflict distance to calculate the conflict frequency in the airspace, and finally, the collision risk in the airspace was obtained by combining the collision probability. Taking the logistics UAV as an example, the collision risk and safety separation were calculated using the above method, and two different modes were compared and analyzed. The results show that when it is impossible to obtain dynamic information of other drones in the airspace and there are no collision avoidance measures, the safety separation corresponding to a 5% collision probability is the best option. When dynamic information can be obtained and collision avoidance measures can be taken, the collision risk decreases as the collision probability under conflict conditions decreases. Both models are feasible and effective, and can provide reference for the safety separation of unmanned aerial vehicles operating under these two conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eddy‐current technique has been used in several industrial applications, such as non‐destructive testing and characterization, transmission systems, and separation processes. The main advantage of other separation techniques for eddy current separation is the absence of direct contact and do not use other liquid and water. This paper presents a novel configuration for a single‐disk vertical eddy current separator, covered by alternating permanent magnets. Unlike several other works, which employ a horizontal orientation for magnetic disks. The advantage is that it contains one driving motor, few strong permanent magnets, and a small size and simpler construction than the usual eddy‐current separators. In this work, the analysis of an eddy current separator with magnetic single disk using a numerical model based on finite element method, the obtained partial differential equation is done into the numeric solver. The experimental device was realized to separate two kinds of non‐ferrous waste: aluminium and copper. The experiment results show the effect of speed variation, metals size, and kind of metal on ejection distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides an overview of the current trends and prospects of the extraction and separation analysis techniques for phenolic compounds in honey in 2012–2022 years. The classification, chemical structures, physicochemical, and bioactive properties of phenolic compounds in honey were comprehensively analyzed. The recent sample preparation techniques for extracting and separating the phenolic compounds from honey were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and separation analyses were also analyzed and compared. According to recent literatures, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, two traditional sample preparation techniques, are still widely used for extracting phenolic compounds from honey samples. Various improved microscale extraction methods, such as solid phase microextraction and liquid-liquid microextraction, and sub-technologies can be applied considering the recovery rates, costs, solvent consumption, and environmental impacts. This review will provide insights into the extraction and separation analysis of phenolic compounds, and foster the development and utilization of active components in honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of a relationship is a likely outcome when a critical event occurs. Conviction for child sexual abuse is such a type of an event for any couple. This study examines women's reactions to child sexual abuse by the man with whom they were still in an intimate relationship. Determinants of separation were examined through analysis of forensic and psychosocial reports. The sample included 85 heterosexual couples in which the male partner had been convicted of child sexual abuse. Slightly more than half of the women involved in the relationship (n = 46; 54.1%) decided to leave the perpetrator. Separation rates were higher when the victim was known, especially the woman's own child, when the women believed the allegations, and when they cooperated with authorities. In addition, separation was more likely when other forms of abuse were present and when the women themselves were victims of intimate partner violence. The results also showed that the likelihood of separation was higher in short-term relationships. We discuss these findings in light of the importance of also considering the experiences and needs of partners involved in an abusive family as part of a public health approach to the prevention of child sexual abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of Sr(II) and/or Rb(I) onto synthesised silico antimonate (SiSb) nanocomposite was investigated in this work, using batch equilibrium and column techniques. SiSb was fabricated by precipitation technique and characterised by various analytical tools. The adsorption of Sr(II) and/or Rb(I) includes the influence of shaking time, distribution coefficient, kinetics, capacity, and column separation. The data prove that SiSb has a quick equilibrium time (40 min), the distribution coefficients (Kd) as a function of pH have maximum separation factors $$(\alpha _{Rb}^{Sr})$$ (α R b S r) equal to 162.1 at pH 6, reaction kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order model, sorption capacity for Sr(II) and Rb(I) is 48.5 and 13.8 mg/g, respectively. Column data reveal that Sr(II) can be loaded and separated from Sr(II)-Rb(I) as a simulation model for Sr(II) recovery from its Sr(II)-Rb(I) system using different concentrations of HNO3 as eluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce can be detrimental to the psychological (Amato [2000], Journal of Marriage and Family , 62 (4), 1269–1287; [2010], Journal of Marriage and Family , 72 (3), 650–666) and physical health of many but not all (Sbarra & Coan [2017], Current Opinion in Psychology , 13 , 91–95). This review of 21 longitudinal studies is divided into two parts: individuals followed postdivorce/separation where there was no intimate partner violence (IPV) and where there was IPV. Given the past reviews of individuals followed postdivorce where IPV was not reported, this review focuses on individuals where there was IPV but also provides an update on the former results. Measures evaluating the impact of divorce or separation were dependent upon measures in the longitudinal studies, including evaluations of well-being, depression, and anxiety. When there was no IPV, variability in postdivorce well-being differed according to prior marital quality, with individuals in low-quality marriages experiencing relief postseparation/divorce. Lower income levels were associated with poorer well-being following divorce. For physically abused women, separation is often associated with continued abuse, but on average, the well-being of abused women increases across time, as abuse often declines. However, the worse the abuse prior to separation, the more likely the abuse continues, and in extreme cases, separation results in the homicide of abused individuals. Since IPV and intimate partner homicide are perpetrated disproportionately by Black men, there is a clear need for longitudinal research on intimate relationships with populations of color. A model predicting the mental health of individuals in preseparation IPV relationships is presented, which includes internalizing characteristics of the victim, preseparation abuse, contact with ex-partner, support variables, and beliefs in accord with separation being the right thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4-Nitroaniline (PNA) is a toxic organic compound commonly found in wastewater, posing significant environmental concerns due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. In this study, the recovery of PNA from aqueous solutions was investigated using a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The membrane, which consists of polypropylene Celgard 2500 (PP-Celg), was embedded with the extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP). Various factors influencing the efficiency of PNA transportation were studied, including the concentration of PNA in the source phase, pH of the source phase, NaOH concentration in the receiving phase, and choice of stripping agents. Optimal conditions for the experiment were determined to be a source phase PNA concentration of 20 ppm at pH 7, distilled water as the receiving phase, TBP as the carrier in the organic phase, and a transport time of 8 h. The extraction process was conducted under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, yielding results indicative of a first-order linearized reaction. Additionally, membrane stability and liquid membrane loss were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolites have been used as a separation membrane material by taking advantages of their unique adsorption properties and molecular sieving properties based on the micropores. Zeolite membranes are widely used in practical applications, mainly for dehydration of organic solvents. Furthermore, the research and development continue toward large-scale implementation in the energy and carbon neutral field. The high heat and chemical resistance of zeolite membranes are also expected to be utilized as membrane reactors. Zeolite membrane and membrane separation will contribute to the fulfillment of a carbon-neutral society through energy saving in separation, reaction, and CO2 recovery. In this review, the basic structure, the synthesis methods and the applications of zeolite membranes are introduced. The recent research trends of zeolite membrane in the research and applications are also explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To solve the problem that the control of shock wave elimination is weakened under off-design conditions, the design concept of a variable-geometry inlet scheme that combines the variable-geometry cowl (translating and diagonalizing) with regulating shock wave elimination is introduced in this paper. The variable-geometry inlet is designed by the theories of oblique shock wave and isentropic wave as well as the Oswatitsch theory. Regulatory law of the variable-geometry cowl based on shock wave elimination is obtained by the geometric relationships between cowl compression angle, cowl shock wave angle, and optimal control point or range. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate flow field characteristics, control mechanism, and working performance of the inlet. Results reveal that expansion waves have a significant impact on the cowl shock wave and boundary layer interaction, and flow separation. Furthermore, variable-geometry inlet with translating and diagonalizing cowl based on the regulation of shock wave elimination effectively controls and even completely eliminates the flow separation. In terms of inlet performance, the total pressure loss of the variable-geometry inlet decreases such that the total pressure recovery coefficients of the translating cowl and diagonalizing cowl inlets are increased by maximum values of 3.39 % and 9.97 %, respectively. However, the mass flow coefficient of translating cowl inlet decreases, whereas that of the diagonalizing cowl inlet is equivalent to that of the fixed-geometry inlet. The working range can be widened by changing the internal contract ratio of the inlet through translating or diagonalizing the cowl. The results confirm that the scheme of variable geometry inlet with diagonalizing cowl is practicable and reliable and has important guiding significance and value for inlet design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,4-Phenylene-bis(di-p-tolylmethanol) (H), a host compound with the wheel-and-axle design, formed complexes with organic guest solvents pyridine (PYR) and 2-, 3- and 4-methylpyridine (2MP, 3MP and 4MP). The host: guest (H: G) ratios were 1:3, 1:2, 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. Host crystallization experiments from mixed guests demonstrated H to prefer both PYR and 4MP; however, it was established that these difficult-to-separate (by fractional distillations) guest mixtures cannot be purified/separated by means of H through supramolecular chemistry strategies owing to these selectivities for PYR and 4MP being less than optimal. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that each guest compound was held in its complex by means of a classical hydrogen bond with H, and that one of the preferred guests, PYR, experienced a significantly shorter contact of this type than the other guests. Hirshfeld surface analyses demonstrated that PYR was also involved in a greater percentage of (guest)N···H(host) interactions compared with the other guest molecules. Thermal analyses, on the other hand, revealed that 4MP (also a favoured guest species) formed the most stable complex of the four in this investigation. These results with H were compared to those obtained when employing a closely related host compound from a previous report, 1,4-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)benzene: while both host species preferred the same guests (PYR and 4MP), the extent of the selectivity of that host compound compared with H in the present work was significantly more enhanced. Thus, minor modifications may deleteriously affect the selectivity behaviour of closely related host compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the countercurrent leaching process of neutral leaching and acid leaching in traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process, a small part of copper and most of germanium in the acid leaching solution will precipitate into the leaching residue when the acid leaching solution returns to the neutral leaching process, resulting in low recovery of copper and failure of direct separation and enrichment of germanium. Focusing on the separation and enrichment of copper and germanium in acid leaching solution of zinc calcine, the separation behavior of copper and germanium in the process of directly copper replacement and germanium neutralization precipitation of acid leaching solution was studied. The experimental results show that higher amount of iron powder and lower pH value will cause coprecipitation of copper and germanium in the acid leaching solution. Under the conditions of the temperature of 70 °C, iron powder stoichiometric addition of 1.2, time of two hours, pH value of 1.5-2.0, and reaction time of 20 minutes, the precipitation rate of germanium and copper is 2.51% and 96.53% respectively, which realizes effective separation of copper and germanium in solution. The arsenic in solution is co-precipitate wth copper. The main phases in the cementation products are Cu3As and Cu2O, and the mass fraction of copper in replacement precipitate is 58.02%. Under the condition of H2O2 dosage of 5 mL/L, temperature of 70 °C, time of 2.5 hours, and end point pH value of 5.0-5.2, the content of copper, iron and germanium in the neutralization solution is 16.52, 1.39 and 0.43 mg/L, respectively, which meets the requirements of subsequent purification. The neutralization residue is enriched with 2 501.40 g/t of germanium, which can be used as raw material for recovery of germanium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Ethyl acetate is at present exclusively produced from fossil resources. Microbial synthesis of this ester from sugar‐rich waste as an alternative is an aerobic process. Ethyl acetate is highly volatile and therefore stripped with the exhaust gas from the bioreactor which enables in situ product recovery. Previous research on microbial formation of ethyl acetate has focused on the kinetics of ester synthesis and in part on the ester stripping, while the separation of the ester from the exhaust gas has hardly been investigated. A mixed matrix membrane was developed consisting of Silikalite‐1 embedded in polydimethylsiloxane which was installed in a radial–symmetrical membrane module. Evaluation of the separation of ethyl acetate was based on the analysis of the composition of the feed and retentate gas by mass spectrometry. The separation efficiency of the membrane was first tested with varied flows of artificial exhaust gas, containing defined amounts of ethyl acetate. A model for describing the separation process was parametrized by the measured data and used to design a real separation experiment. Ethyl acetate produced from delactosed whey permeate by Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422 in a stirred bioreactor gassed with 0.5 vvm air was successfully separated from the exhaust gas by membranes; 93.6% of the stripped ester was separated. Liquid ethyl acetate was recovered by cooling the permeate gas to ‒78°C, whereby 99.75% of the condensed organic compounds were ethyl acetate. This study demonstrates for the first time that microbially produced and stripped ethyl acetate can be effectively separated from the exhaust gas of bioreactors by membrane technology to obtain the ester in high yield and purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐efficiency production of near‐zigzag single‐chirality single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is of great importance for their property study and applications. The key to separate near‐zigzag single‐chirality SWCNTs by gel chromatography is to selectively adsorb them in the gel medium. In this study, by using a high surfactant ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium cholate (≥4:1) to modulate the selective adsorption of distinct (n, m) SWCNTs in a gel column, a high enrichment of near‐zigzag SWCNTs adsorbed in the gel column is achieved, which usually have a low abundance in raw materials due to their low growth efficiency. Afterward, (7, 3), (8, 3), (8, 4), (9, 1), and (9, 2) single‐chirality SWCNTs are separated with small chiral angles less than 17° by following a stepwise elution for their selective desorption. This simple and efficient separation technique will promote the research and application of near‐zigzag SWCNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual separation of Y(III) and Sr(II) from their waste solution has been an emerging research domain due to their various industrial applications. In this investigation, we emphasize the feasibility of selective separation of Y(III) from Sr(II) present in nitric acid medium using undiluted cyphos nitrate ionic liquid (IL): trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate ([P66614][NO3]) as the ligating phase. The set experimental parameters were the feed phase acidity, initial nitrate ion concentration, initial feed metal ion concentration, equilibration time and temperature to unveil the efficacy of the proposed system. Efficient extraction of Y(III) selectively in presence of Sr(II) using only a salting agent in aqueous phase without additional extractant in IL phase was highlighted. A remarkable separation factor (SF) obtained for Y(III) over Sr(II) explored the efficacy of the proposed IL system. Y(III) loading in IL phase both in unirradiated and irradiated conditions was compared to evaluate the coordination behavior of irradiated moieties. In addition, a most important advantage of the proposed system is that it employs Milli‐Q water for the back extraction (stripping) of the loaded Y(III) from IL phase and does not demand any complexing agent (water soluble). This undoubtedly corroborates the economic and environmental benefits of the proposed IL system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, driven by global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, necessitates advancing efficient hydrogen production technologies. Membrane reactors, at the forefront of these technologies, offer a promising avenue for enhancing hydrogen production through integrating novel catalysts, innovative membrane designs, and utilizing renewable energy sources. This review explores the latest developments in membrane reactor technology, highlighting the synergistic application of advanced catalysts and membrane designs to improve hydrogen yield and efficiency. Integrating renewable energy sources is especially emphasized to achieve sustainable hydrogen production, alongside exploring nanotechnology to introduce new materials and configurations that elevate hydrogen generation. This review further explores the advancements in high-temperature membrane reactors, unlocking significant improvements in operational efficiency and the purity of the produced hydrogen. Moreover, it explores the up-and-coming potential of green chemistry for developing eco-friendly hydrogen production methods and optimizing these membrane reactors through advanced control strategies. A particular focus is given to the bio-hydrogen production and the application of mixed ionic-electronic conductors to elevate the reactor performance further. • Increasing demand for hydrogen drives advancements in efficient production technologies. • Membrane reactors enhance hydrogen yield and efficiency using novel catalysts and innovative designs. • Integrating renewable energy sources into membrane reactors achieves sustainable hydrogen production. • Nanotechnology introduces new materials and configurations for improved hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiparametric probabilistic index models allow for the comparison of two groups of observations, whilst adjusting for covariates, thereby fitting nicely within the framework of generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC). As with most regression approaches in this setting, the limited amount of data results in invalid inference as the asymptotic normality assumption is not met. In addition, separation issues might arise when considering small samples. In this article, we show that the parameters of the probabilistic index model can be estimated using generalized estimating equations, for which adjustments exist that lead to estimators of the sandwich variance‐covariance matrix with improved finite sample properties and that can deal with bias due to separation. In this way, appropriate inference can be performed as is shown through extensive simulation studies. The known relationships between the probabilistic index and other GPC statistics allow to also provide valid inference for example, the net treatment benefit or the success odds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the similar physical and chemical properties of ilmenite and olivine, separating them is challenging. The flotation process, with the use of collectors, is an effective method. In this study, a ternary collector consisting of aluminum ion (III), benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), and sodium oleate (NaOL) was prepared for the flotation separation of ilmenite and olivine. Through micro-flotation experiments, molecular dynamics simulation (MD), density functional theory (DFT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis, the synergistic effect between the components of the ternary collector and the adsorption configuration on the surface of ilmenite was investigated. The results revealed that at pH = 8, Al (III), BHA, and NaOL could coordinate and adsorb effectively on the surface of ilmenite, enhancing its floatability for separation from olivine. The adsorption configuration differed from previous reports, showing a co-adsorption of multiple forms on the surface of ilmenite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose aerogel, a sustainable material characterized by low density and high porosity, demonstrates promising potential for addressing oil spill incidents. In this study, waste cotton stalk biomass was processed using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide to extract cellulose, resulting in the successful creation of a cost-effective aerogel. This material exhibits notable attributes: low density (21.1 mg cm−3), high porosity (91.5%), significant hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 147°), exceptional adsorption capacity (47.61 g g−1), and robust cycling performance (maintaining 94% adsorption capacity after 15 cycles). Moreover, the CNF/CS biomass aerogel boasts high mechanical strength and exceptional oil–water and emulsion separation properties. These characteristics position this aerogel as a promising solution for mitigating various sudden oil spill incidents, indicating its potential for widespread application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of separated flows at low Reynolds numbers is crucial for several applications in aerospace and energy fields. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are widely used but their accuracy is limited in the presence of transition or separation. In this work, two different strategies for improving RANS simulations by means of field inversion are discussed. Both strategies require solving an optimization problem to identify a correction field by minimizing the error on some measurable data. The obtained correction field is exploited with two alternative strategies. The first strategy aims to the identification of a relation that allows to express the local correction field as a function of some local flow features. However, this regression can be difficult or even impossible because the relation between the assumed input variables and the local correction could not be a function. For this reason, an alternative is proposed: a U-Net model is trained on the original and corrected RANS results. In this way, it is possible to perform a prediction with the original RANS model and then correct it by means of the U-Net. The methodologies are evaluated and compared on the flow around the NACA0021 and the SD7003 airfoils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized using 3-aminopropylthiosilane-methacrylic acid monomer (APTES-MAA) as the functional monomer and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) as the template, based on computer simulation. The hybrid molecularly imprinted polymers (HMIPs) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size measurement, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It has been shown that HMIPs are irregularly shaped and porous, with particle sizes ranging mainly from 130 to 211 nm. At 298 K, the HMIPs exhibit a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.35 mg·g−1 for HCPT and demonstrate good adsorption specificity (α = 5.38). The pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism suggests that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of HCPT on HMIPs is 8.11 mg·g−1. Finally, HCPT was successfully separated and enriched from the extract of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. seeds using HMIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential performance of porous membranes in separating hydrogen isotopologues has been explored employing model systems and quanto-mechanical calculations including both zero-point energy and a numerically exact description of tunneling effects along the reaction coordinate. Membranes have been modeled as cylindrically pierced impenetrable wall, whereas diatomic molecules are described as dumbells composed of hard-sphere atoms. With the relative energetics of diatomics confined into cylindrical pores suggesting that differences in the adiabatic energy profiles between isotopologues for pore radii lower than 2.1 Å should favor transport of heavier species, we investigated the selectivity for the latter process when membranes are 2.0 Å thick. Chosen a pore radius, the results suggest that non-interacting pores represent the best compromise between selectivity and permeance, the addition of attraction between the membrane walls and molecular projectiles improving permeance while markedly depressing selectivity. A repulsive interaction with the pore inner surface, instead, reduced both properties. Finally, sieving molecules through a double membrane layer was found to marginally impact on the separation properties, which could be improved, at best, by 25% with a careful selection of the inter-membrane distance. Our results appear useful for the process of designing more effective sieving systems to separate di-deuterium molecules from its lighter counterparts. [Display omitted] • Determine the quantum energetics of H 2 and D 2 inside cylindrical channels including rotations. • Explore the effect of membrane pore radius on the transmission probability. • Investigating dependence of permeance and D 2 /H 2 selectivity on the molecule/pore interaction modalities. • Defining the impact of sieving H 2 and D 2 through two membranes as a function of their distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the theory and practice of development in the field of separation and extraction of metals at mining and metallurgical enterprises through the creation and implementation of mine and bunker vibrating feeders, vibrating screen feeders and new designs of screening surfaces for them, as well as devices for eliminating buildup in bunkers. New scientific and practical results of research on the substantiation of improved vibrating machines for auxiliary mining operations are presented, including: vibrating mining feeders of the PVG type; vibrating hopper feeders such as PVB and ZhVB; vibrating feeders-screens of the PGV and GPV types; sifting surfaces for them; devices for eliminating equilibrium arches and material adhesion in bunkers; complex for screening and feeding coke breeze into the crusher; vibration delivery and ballasting installations; sleeper tamping vibration installation, as well as a rock mass transfer point in the quarry. A new mathematical model of the tamping process and a method for improving the tamping mechanism are proposed, which will increase the productivity of the sleeper tamping vibration installation. New vibration complexes make it possible to reduce the energy intensity of crushing by 15% and reduce the wear of the working surfaces of the crusher. It is shown that the construction of transfer points is carried out without additional preparation of the entire working bench. The operational capacity of the warehouse is selected within the range of 15–25 thousand m3 of rock mass. when used for loading iron ore cars with EKG-8I excavators with a daily productivity of up to 5000 m3, the warehouse stock is 3-5 days. The minimum specific energy intensity of release and loading of one ton of rock mass at the maximum value of productivity is ensured at frequencies of forced oscillations of the system ω = 15.5–17.5 Hz. The efficiency of the feeder-screen operation with spatial oscillations of the working body created by two multidirectional driving forces applied at two points at a distance from each other equal to 0.5 was determined. the width of the working body increases by 15%. Developers of technical documentation – SE "UkrNIPIIpromtekhnologii" (Zhovti Vody, Ukraine); Manufacturers: Krivoy Rog Ore Repair Plant (Krivoy Rog, Ukraine); Mechanical repair plant of the State Enterprise "Vostok GOK" (Zhovti Vody, Ukraine); Mechanical repair workshops of quarries, mines and processing plants, etc. It has been established that the research results represent a step in the theoretical generalization of the problem of developing the theory of interaction of grinding media in the grinding chambers of mills and increasing the efficiency of equipment for fine grinding of rocks, which is important for mining and metallurgical enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique electromagnetic properties of rare earth elements (REEs) have led to rapid technological advances, creating a sharp increase in demand for these materials. The inherent challenges of separating REEs and the significant drawbacks of existing processes have driven the development of a new method known as field-effect separation (FES). This technology leverages electrical and magnetic fields to achieve separation by exploiting the differences in magnetic moments or effective charges of REEs in solution. Experiments on REEs were conducted using a microchannel based separation device, which confines fluid flow to facilitate separation within a field, with metal cations in solution being transported based on their respective electrostatic or magnetic properties. The results demonstrate that separation based on effective charge or paramagnetic properties is achievable. The confinement of fluid flow to microchannels allowed advective and osmotic forces to be suppressed sufficiently such that a reasonable separation of ions was achieved, though the impact of these forces were not completely removed. This innovative approach promises to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of REE separation, addressing both the growing demand and the limitations of current methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Bipartitism in the foot, especially in the tarsal bones, is a rare anatomical variant characterized by dividing one bone into two separate ossification centers. This condition can be congenital or acquired, often remains asymptomatic, and is only discovered incidentally during radiological imaging. This study aims to present a comprehensive retrospective analysis of bipartitism in tarsal bones, assessing its prevalence, type of articulation, and associated clinical features in a cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 4,645 patients were retrospectively evaluated from 6,145-foot images consisting of 4,975 computed tomography (CT) and 1,170 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans obtained between 2015 and 2023. 15 patients with tarsal bipartitism were identified and contacted through the hospital system for in-person medical history and examination. Radiological exams assessed partial and complete bipartition, diastasis, and exostosis in the tarsal bones. Age, sex, side, trauma history, pain, foot deformity, gait disturbance, and other clinical findings were also recorded. Results: Bipartitism was detected in 15 patients (0.32%), predominantly affecting males (87%). The most common variant was medial cuneiform bipartitism, observed in 13 patients (0.28%). Talus and calcaneus bipartitism were each observed in one patient (0.02%). Bilateral involvement was present in 67% of the cases, with 60% of patients reporting chronic pain. Complete dissociation of bipartite bones was noted in 80% of cases. Accompanying bipartitism, two patients had pes planovalgus, and one had hallux varus deformity. Conclusion: Although bipartitism of the tarsal bones is rare, it remains a diagnostic challenge due to variability in clinical presentation and possible association with other foot deformities. Accurate diagnosis through advanced imaging techniques is essential to differentiate these variants from fractures and guide appropriate treatment. This study contributes valuable insights into the prevalence and clinical impact of bipartitism in the tarsal bones, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent physical and chemical properties of palladium(Pd) have made its application and demand increase gradually. Therefore, it is important to develop a new material to efficiently separate and purify palladium from secondary sources to ensure its supply. In this work, a thermosensitive palladium smart imprinted polymer(Pd-T-SIP) was synthesized, which could achieve the efficient separation and purification of Pd. The microstructure and morphology of Pd-T-SIP were characterized. The experimental results showed that the Pd-T-SIP showed the maximum adsorption amount(Q) of 0.1022 mmol/g for Pd(IV), the desorption rate(D) was 83.09%, and it had good reusability. Theoretical studies showed that the adsorption process of Pd-T-SIP was suitable to be described by quasi-first-order model and Langmuir model, which indicated that the adsorption of Pd-T-SIP was monolayer adsorption. Finally, Pd-T-SIP was applied to the platinum group catalyst leach solution, and it could be found that its adsorption/desorption effect was more excellent, with its adsorption amount reaching 0.1558 mmol/L, desorption rate reaching 77.14%, and the palladium purity after one adsorption/desorption cycle increased from 13.75% to 30.62%, and the purity of platinum group metals increased from 40.29% to 73.56% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]