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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three oil sources with the inclusion of three levels on some performance variables, carcass quality, and broiler organs. The sources used were palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), chicken oil, and Sacha inchi oil (Plukentia volubilis). A total of 324 female Ross 308 line were assigned in a completely random design to nine treatments with six repetitions of six birds per repetition, which were fed with a diet based on corn and soybean meal containing 3, 6, and 9% inclusion of each one of the oil sources for the periods between 8 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age. Live weight and feed consumption data were recorded weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio, considering mortality. On day 42, one female broiler from each repetition was randomly selected, weighed, and sacrificed, to obtain upgraded data characteristics from the carcass. The results suggest that there was no significant difference in animal response variables or channel quality. Regarding the carcass variables and some poultry organs, the only one affected by the source was the deposition of abdominal fat. Sacha inchi oil produced carcasses with a lower average of abdominal fat in relation to weight and slaughter, with no differences between palm and chicken oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells in a fungal hyphae are separated by internal walls (septa). The septa have tiny pores that allow cytoplasm flowing between cells. Cells can close their septa blocking the flow if they are injured, preventing fluid loss from the rest of filament. This action is achieved by special organelles called Woronin bodies. Using the controllable pores as an inspiration we advance one and two-dimensional cellular automata into Elementary fungal cellular automata (EFCA) and Majority fungal automata (MFA) by adding a concept of Woronin bodies to the cell state transition rules. EFCA is a cellular automaton where the communications between neighboring cells can be blocked by the activation of the Woronin bodies (Wb), allowing or blocking the flow of information (represented by a cytoplasm and chemical elements it carries) between them. We explore a novel version of the fungal automata where the evolution of the system is only affected by the activation of the Wb. We explore two case studies: the Elementary Fungal Cellular Automata (EFCA), which is a direct application of this variant for elementary cellular automata rules, and the Majority Fungal Automata (MFA), which correspond to an application of the Wb to two dimensional automaton with majority rule with Von Neumann neighborhood. By studying the EFCA model, we analyze how the 256 elementary cellular automata rules are affected by the activation of Wb in different modes, increasing the complexity on applied rule in some cases. Also we explore how a consensus over MFA is affected when the continuous flow of information is interrupted due to the activation of Woronin bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Herbicides are one of the most widely used agrochemical classes around the world. They help farmers to protect their crops against weeds. However, they can move through the soil profile polluting water resources and adversely affect human health. Groundwater is an important source for the production of drinking water in many places of the world and the presence of pesticide residues in groundwater is a serious threat to the health of consumers of drinking water. In this work, the behavior of two herbicides Atrazine and Trifluralin were study in an agricultural soil: Alhue soil and this soil modified whit clay (Kaolinite) and organic matter (Humus). The original soil and modified soil samples were characterized by their physicochemical properties: pH, EC, OC and texture. The analytical method was optimized for the quantification of Atrazine and Trifluralin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The contact time, adsorption/desorption isotherms, persistence of both compounds in the soil samples and modified soil samples with clay and/or organic matter was studied. In general, all sorption curves for Trizine and Trifuralin in the modified soil samples were similar with relatively low adsorption for Trifuralin indicating that the soil modifications were not significant. The kinetic of sorption process was described by Elovich model. Both herbicides present a low Koc value, however, they present different types of adsorption, being for Atrazine a moderate adsorption and for Trifluralin a weak adsorption, which implies that both herbicides could be distributed in bodies of water as they are not fixed by organic matter. However, it should be noted that Atrazine presents higher Koc values than Trifluralin in all soil samples, which could mean that Atrazine would be less bioavailable than Trifluralin. Values obtained in the Pearson correlation of CO (%) and % of clay are expected since, when observing the results obtained in the Kd parameters for soils modified by both herbicides, they show that the higher the % of the physicochemical parameter, the higher the adsorption of the compound by the soil. The persistence of the pesticides showed that with both the addition of Kaolinite and Humus to the soil increases the half-life time for both herbicides. The results of the GUS index showed that both Atrazine and Trifluralin would be classified as leachable compounds in all soil samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]