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Introduction: This study was planned to compare the efficacy and complications of photoselective vaporization for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), classified by the volumn of prostate. Methods: We performed comparative analysis of 120 patients suffering with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, who had undergone photoselective vaporization for prostate (PVP) using potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser, between June 2007 and February 2008. Each patients were classified into three groups by the volumn of prostate (<40cc; group I, 40-60cc; group II, >60cc; group III). The clinical efficacy of each group was compared in terms of the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS), quality of life (QoL) index, changes in the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR) and complications. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 months. Student's t-test and ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis. Results: All efficacy parameters were significantly improved in all patients (P<0.05). With respect to each of the three classified groups, the efficacy parameters of each group were also significantly improved (P<0.05). However, in group III, the postoperative IPSS and QoL index were lower than the average value. Especially, the items for frequency, nocturia and urgency of the IPSS resulted in bad grades. The rate of complications in group III were higher than those in groups I and II, such as urinary retention, delayed hematuria and bladder neck contracture. Conclusions: Despite the excellence of KTP, careful consideration must be given when the operation is performed on patients with a large prostate size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]