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Purpose: Recent behavioral studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of implementing retrieval practice into learning tasks for children. Such approaches have revealed that repeated spaced retrieval (RsR) is particularly effective in promoting children's learning of word form and meaning information. This study further examines how retrieval practice enhances learning of word meaning information at the behavioral and neural levels. Method: Twenty typically developing preschool children were taught novel words using an RSR learning schedule for some words and an immediate retrieval (IR) learning schedule for other words. In addition to the label, children were taught two arbitrary semantic features for each item. Following the teaching phase, children's learning was tested using recall tests. In addition, during the 1-week follow-up, children were presented with pictures and an auditory sentence that correctly labeled the item but stated correct or incorrect semantic information. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were time locked to the onset of the words noting the semantic feature. Children provided verbal judgments of whether the semantic feature was correctly paired with the item. Results: Children recalled more labels and semantic features for items that had been taught in the RSR learning schedule relative to the IR learning schedule. ERPs also differentiated the learning schedules. Mismatching label-meaning pairings elicited an N400 and late positive component (LPC) for both learning conditions; however, mismatching RSR pairs elicited an N400 with an earlier onset and an LPC with a longer duration, relative to IR mismatching label-meaning pairings. These ERP timing differences indicated that the children were more efficient in processing words that were taught in the RSR schedule relative to the IR learning schedule. Conclusions: Spaced retrieval practice promotes learning of both word form and meaning information. The findings lay the necessary groundwork for better understanding of processing newly learned semantic information in preschool children. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha. 15063060, There has been a recent resurgence in research applying principles of retrieval practice to better understand learning. The core insight of this study is that, instead of retrieval serving solely [...]

This paper takes as its starting point the conceptual metaphor 'life is a journey' as defined by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in order to advance a new reading of William Michael Rossetti's Democratic Sonnets (1907). These political verses may be defined as cognitive-semantic poems, which attest to the centrality of travel in the creation of literary and artistic meaning. Rossetti's Democratic Sonnets is not only a political manifesto against tyranny and oppression, promoting the struggle for liberalism and democracy as embodied by historical figures such as Napoleon, Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi; but it also reproduces Rossetti's real and imagined journeys throughout Europe in the late nineteenth century. This essay examines these references in light of the issues they raise, especially the poet as a traveller and the journey metaphor in poetry. But its central purpose is to re-read Democratic Sonnets as a cognitive map of Rossetti's mental picture of France and Italy. A cognitive map, first theorised by Edward Tolman in the 1940s, is a very personal representation of the environment that we all experience, serving to navigate unfamiliar territory, give direction, and recall information. In terms of cognitive linguistics, Rossetti is a figure whose path is determined by French and Italian landmarks (Paris, the island of St. Helena, the Alps, the Venice Lagoon, Mount Vesuvius, and so forth), which function as reference points for orientation and are tied to the historical events of the Italian Risorgimento. Through his sonnets, Rossetti attempts to build into his work the kind of poetic revolution and sense of history which may only be achieved through encounters with other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kong Girl stereotype has been circulating in the media since the mid-2000s. The indexical process of associating social meanings to the Kong Girl label becomes heightened in situations of uncertainty and change. Kira Hall uses the term 'indexical dissonance' to explain the state of identity under globalisation. In this paper, we identify three strategies by which more 'positive' representations of Kong Girls emerge: (1) the Kong Girl label shifts in semantic meaning; (2) the specific Kong Girl qualities taken as stance objects shift; and (3) the Kong Girl label is reappropriated. Through these strategies, we show how the meanings associated with a gender stereotype may be co-opted in emerging discourses of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explores the conceptual foundations of the concept of social responsibility. It is considered the key theoretical positions and turning points in understanding of the concept of responsibility on the basis of three semantic aspects, which are reflected in the terminology of Latin and national languages. The article threats the issues concerning authorship of action, its sources and independence (Aristotle, I. Kant); accountability, correlated with the obligation due to the moral conviction or with foreseeing the effects of one’s own activities as deontological and axiological principles of human conduct (M. Weber); intersubjectivity as an immanent dialogical orientation towards someone like the Other, community, institution, humanity (M. Riedel). The concept of responsibility which contains moral and ethical connotations is outlined in a social perspective according to Weberian characteristics of social action such as correlation with the behavior of others and meaningfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising status of English as a world language has led to the emergence of several nonnative or new varieties of English, with Indian English being a major new variety. Much work on Indian English has focused on establishing the Indianness of the language. As Kachru points out, studies of Indian English consider "linguistic interference and the Indian cultural context as essential for the understanding and description of the Indianness in this variety of English" (The Indianness of Indian English 391). Other early research on the Indianness of Indian English includes Verma, Dubey, Hosali, and Bhatt, to name just a few. The work represented by most previous studies on Indian English, which focus largely on the nature and degree of difference of Indian English from external norms, does not, however, provide a clear picture of the system underlying Indian English. The current study focuses on the Indianness of Indian English, but tests Kachru's claims regarding the progressive Indianisation of Indian English. The first part of the study is an empirical investigation of Indian words in three spoken and three written registers of the language from a corpus compiled in the year 2000 and earlier, and identifies distinct semantic categories of words in the registers. Based on the results of this first analysis, the second part of the study analyses the occurrence of Indian words in a smaller corpus of a register of written Indian English compiled in 2016. The first part of the study shows that there are marked differences in the degree of Indianisation of Indian English among different registers, and the second part of the study shows that with respect to the register studied, written Indian English seems to be undergoing a process of un-Indianisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human narrative, whether it manifests as philosophy, theology, or story, develops in patterns influenced by dominant cultural forms of communication. Marshall McLuhan, Harold Innis, and Walter Ong (1) studied the [...]

Copyright of Revista MAD is the property of Revista MAD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although a social science, economy makes use of the tools of numbers and precise data. Should we not include semiotics in the theory of economic interpretation, the axiomatization of the economic science would be impossible and furthermore the capitalization of the advantages of artificial intelligence that eliminates the inconveniences of equivocal meanings and inflation of words would be useless. Interpretation is an endeavor that implies decoding the hidden meaning of the manifestation of economic processes and phenomena. Semantics and pragmatics - by abstracting and axiomatization - help us overcome the intuition limitations' in the process of interpretation. Our hypothesis is the human existence develops in an universe of signals and signs whom knowledge, interpretation and use conditions the action of society, groups and single human beings. Our main objective is to prove that in order to grasp the meanings of evolution one needs to understand the meaning of signs. We conclude by suggesting a semiotic symbology that includes all its subcategory: the relations between signs, studied by syntax; the relation between signs and object, the field of semantics; the relation between signs and the subjects (interpreters) that use them, meaning pragmatics. The finality is to strengthen the concept of hermeneutic economics by including semiotics in its action field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Health Behavior in School-aged Children is a cross-national study collecting data on social and health indicators on adolescents in 43 countries. The study provides comparable data on health behaviors and health outcomes through the use of a common protocol, which have been a back bone of the study sine its initiation in 1983. Recent years, researchers within the study have noticed a questionable comparability on the widely used item on self-rated health. One of the four response categories to the item "Would you say your health is….?" showed particular variation, as the response category "Fair" varied from 20 % in Latvia and Moldova to 3-4 % in Bulgaria and Macedonia. A qualitative mini-survey of the back-translations showed that the response category "Fair" had a negative slant in 25 countries, a positive slant in 10 countries and was considered neutral in 9 countries. This finding indicates that there are what may be called semantic issues affecting comparability in international studies, since the same original word (in an English original) is interpreted differently across countries and cultures. The paper test and discuss a few possible explanations to this, however, only leaving to future studies to hold a cautious approach to international comparisons if working with the self-rated health item with four response categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an account of dynamic predicates which draws on the notion of force, eliminating reference to events in the linguistic semantics. We treat dynamic predicates as predicates of forces, represented as functions from an initial situation to a final situation that occurs ceteris paribus, that is, if nothing external intervenes. The possibility that opposing forces might intervene to prevent the transition to a given final situation leads us to a novel analysis of non-culminating accomplishment predicates in a variety of languages, including the English progressive. We then apply the force-theoretic framework to the composition of basic Vendlerian eventuality types within a lexical-decomposition syntax. The difference between predicates of forces and predicates of situations is argued to underlie the dynamic/stative contrast, and also to allow for a formal treatment of the difference between be and stay. Consequences for the relationship between language and cognition are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iberica is the property of Asociacion Europea de Lenguas para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A little boy comes in from playing in the mud. His mother immediately directs him, 'Get into the tub, young man.' A few minutes later, she checks on his progress, [...]

In the design community, while a number of studies that have focused on studying product reviews in various design analysis perspectives, contextual annotation of identified terms (e.g. product features) has not been fully explored. This paper proposed a learnable approach towards discovering contextual tags from product reviews. A ranking algorithm, FacetRank, is proposed to rank important key terms along with an approach to discover contextual annotation of the terms from review documents. The evaluation of our proposal is performed using two annotated corpus to examine our algorithm's contextual tagging performance. A case study using a small collection of laptop reviews is also reported to showcase how our algorithm can be applied towards product feature understanding and multi-faceted product ontology development. Finally, we conclude this paper with some indications for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urbano is the property of Departamento de Planificacion y Diseno Urbano, Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To examine the behavioral effects and neural activation patterns associated with implicit semantic processing influences on phonological judgments during reading in children and adults. Method: Whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings were obtained from 2 groups, children (9-13 years) and adults, performing a homophone judgment task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of sequentially presented written words that were either homophones, synonym foils, or unrelated control words. Results: The difference in the time taken to respond to synonym pairs relative to control pairs of stimuli, called the semantic interference effect (SIE), was, on average, 24 ms for adults and 86 ms for children. Source analysis of the MEG data using minimum-norm estimation (MNE) yielded less activation in the adults for the synonym condition compared with the control condition in right anterior temporal and inferior frontal cortex 300-500 ms after the onset of the 2nd word in a pair, suggestive of semantic priming as well as inhibition of the SIE. A similar priming effect was observed for the children in left-anterior temporal cortex. Conclusion: The observed group differences in the magnitude of the SIE and brain activation patterns may reflect developmental differences in the effects of semantic information on phonological decisions during word processing. KEY WORDS: adults, children, magnetoencephalography, phonology, reading, semantics, The activation of orthographic, phonological, and semantic representations of a word during reading is, to some degree, obligatory, but the extent to which each of these representations becomes active may [...]

To address the question posed in the title, I focus on Heidegger's conception of linguistic communication developed in the sections on Rede and Gerede of Being and Time. On the basis of a detailed analysis of these sections I argue that Heidegger was a social externalist but semantic internalist. To make this claim, however, I first need to clarify some key points that have led critics to assume Heidegger's commitment to social externalism automatically commits him to semantic externalism regarding concept use. I begin by explaining the independence of those positions, arguing that social externalism answers the question of whose concepts in a linguistic community are properly individuated, whereas semantic externalism makes a claim about what it takes for concepts to be properly individuated. Once these issues are distinguished, it is possible to see that Heidegger's intersubjectivist conception of language commits him to social externalism, while his conception of the ontological difference commits him to semantic internalism.

A brief look at things for people interested in general semantics. 'Facts as we see them are little more than quick glimpses of a ceaseless transformation ...'--Wendell Johnson, People in [...]

The 'But you are free of ...' technique is a compliance procedure which solicits someone to comply with a request by simply telling him that he is free to accept or to refuse the request. This semantic evocation leads to increased compliance with the request. A new evaluation of the generality of this technique was tested in an experiment in which subjects received an anonymous electronic mail which asked them to consult the site of a humanitarian association for children. Analysis showed that, when the semantic evocation of freedom is included in the message, a higher compliance rate was observed than in a situation in which this evocation was omitted.

This study examines semantic development in 60 Spanish- English bilingual children, ages 7 years 3 months to 9 years 11 months, who differed orthogonally in age (younger, older) and language experience (higher English experience [ HEE], higher Spanish experience [ HSE]). Children produced 3 associations to 12 pairs of translation equivalents. Older children produced more semantic responses and code switched more often from Spanish to English than younger children. Within each group, children demonstrated better performance in the more frequently used than the less used language. The HEE children outperformed the HSE children in English and the HSE children outperformed the HEE children in Spanish. These effects of age and language experience are consistent with predictions of the revised hierarchical model of bilingual lexical organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing significance of 'managerialism' in contemporary forms of governance has been widely observed. This article demonstrates how this operates at the level of language. Specifically, the analysis postulates a new sociosemantic category of 'Managing Actions', encoding varying degrees of coerciveness. The paper discusses their salient role in texturing the 'soft power' of contemporary governance, constructing a form of 'managed autonomy' for the governed subject and helping to manage the complex networks of dispersed power through an indirect form of agency. The analysis combines a corpus-based approach to critical discourse analysis with a political economic theory of transformations in the capitalist state. Drawing evidence from a corpus of UK education policy discourse, the analysis illustrates the managerialist form that governance takes under New Labour, while at the same time highlighting the subtle hegemony underlying this new 'enabling' technique of governance, which works by assuming, rather than winning, compliance. In terms of sociologically informed theories of language, this analysis goes some way towards formulating a possible 'grammar of governance'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum - Gas University of Ploiesti Bulletin, Educational Sciences Series is the property of Petroleum - Gas University of Ploiesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What is the relation between past and present, and what role does historical research, writing and thinking play in regards to that relation? Does it, for instance, primarily record the features of objective breaks and continuities between past and future (as A. Danto has it) or does it rather institute those breaks and continuities (as C. Fasolt has recently argued)? Here I stress that historical understanding is a basic dimension of understanding in general, including understanding of the relation of past and future. Historical research, writing and thinking promise indefinite expansion and qualification of that understanding. In contrast to Danto and with Fasolt, I hold that the possibilities of qualification cannot be definitively foreclosed; against Fasolt I urge an epistemological optimism about the consequences of that admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: To clarify whether Broca’s subregions, comprising the pars triangularis and pars opercularis, play different roles in syntactic processing, we investigated Japanese infarct patients with selective damage in each subregion. Methods: Four patients participated in this study: 3 showing lesions mostly restricted to the pars opercularis (Op group) and a rare case with a lesion mostly restricted to the pars triangularis (Tr). Using the Object Manipulation Task, scores and error types were compared between the Tr and the Op patients. Results: No marked differences in total score were evident between the Tr and Op patients. However, the Tr patient showed greater difficulty with dative sentences than the Op patients. Conversely, the Tr patient showed rather high scores with relative sentences, whereas the Op patients were rarely able to manipulate items correctly for relative sentences. In addition, the Tr patient tended to posit items in canonical word order incorrectly, whereas the Op group tended to make simplification errors. Conclusion: Broca’s subregions play different roles in syntactic processing. Considering Japanese sentence structure, the results indicate that the pars triangularis is involved in comprehension of semantic relationships among syntactically equivalent nominal phrases assigned thematic roles, while the pars opercularis is involved in thematic role transformation and/or reinterpretation. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the semantic development on the use of the discourse marker well. It states that historical linguists are faced with problems in their study about discourse marker, such as the word well, because they have to study a pragmatic device which occurs in spoken discourse using written texts. It notes that the discourse markers have been extensively studied from their synchronic use, but has not received much attention on its historic contexts. Accordingly, the study on the use of the marker well suggests that it was used as a face-threat mitigator from Old and Middle English and that it contained interpersonal functions since Old English, thus, concluding that the use of well has a continuous semantic development.

This paper attempts to explain the terminological and conceptual confusion of evidentiality and epistemic modality. It presents a functionally oriented semantic analysis which does not belong to a specific theoretical framework. It shows that the alleged epistemic speaker commitment of evidential expressions does not come from the specific evidential value or mode of information, but rather boils down to the speaker’s and hearer’s interpretation of the source of information. A source of information can be attributed different degrees of reliability, but these should not automatically be translated into degrees of epistemic speaker commitment. The latter involves an evaluation of the likelihood, which is quite different from the evaluation of the reliability of the source of information. Thus, the account presented here challenges previous analyses in which the labels “epistemic” and “evidential” are applied to linguistic expressions either in too broad a way or in too exclusive a way. The analysis also contrasts with accounts based on the “inclusion” or the “overlap” of the two categories. Finally, the paper also discusses Nuyts’ (2004) claim that a clause can only have one qualification at a time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticizing the works of “Western” specialists in semantics, Soviet academician M. M. Pokrovskij (1868–1942) comes to the conclusion that social factors are essential for semantic evolution, while psychological factors constitute an intermediate link between the “external” life of a society and the semantics of the corresponding language. This conception resembles the general explanations of semantic evolution proposed by N. Ja. Marr (1864–1934). Nevertheless, despite a number of common points in the semantic theories of these two researchers, Pokrovskij’s attitude towards Marr was negative: in particular, he disagreed with the thesis of the chronological primacy of Marr’s discoveries in the domain of semantics. The article investigates why Pokrovskij had for a long time constituted an intermediate link between Russian and “Western” “traditions” in the field of semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyzes the meanings of an Italian adage and uses the phrase as a vehicle to discuss theories of knowledge and human relations. Topics addressed include semantic permutations, truth, and the role of the scientific investigator.

Recent decades have witnessed a remarkable expansion in the usage of informal forms of people's names ("Marty" for "Martin," "Viki" for "Victoria"). After analyzing the likely social causes for this change, we evaluate our theory by studying the naming practices of politicians over the past 100 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 1,366 names of districts, subdistricts, villages, and temples in Nan Province, Northern Thailand, this study aims to analyze the meaning of each of the names and formulate general principles of place-name formation in Thai. It is found that folk names are structurally different from official names. A Thai folk place name, such as (farm-salt) ‘salt farm’ and thûŋ-kwaaŋ (field-deer) ‘field full of deer’, is generally composed of a head noun denoting a geographical feature, such as mountain, farm, forest, plain, and field, followed by a modifying word that refers to natural resources, such as salt, rock, teak, sand, animals, and plants, a word that refers to colors, such as ‘yellow’ and ‘white’, or a word referring to directions, such as ‘south’ and ‘north’. Unlike folk names, which reflect natural environments, official place names reflect Thai social values. They normally contain elaborate words borrowed from Pali and Sanskrit that refer to auspicious concepts, such as peace, happiness, development, modernity, and Buddhism; for example, săntiphâap-phátthanaa ‘peace and development’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziale Systeme is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

'Revolt' is usually associated with 'rebellion', or 'revolution' in a political sense, and at an intuitive level there is certainly a connection or similarity among these three concepts. The psychoanalytical theorist and philosopher, Julia Kristeva, has however developed a notion of 'revolt' (and, related to it, of 'revolution') that goes far beyond the common understanding of the term. Moreover, in her understanding of the concept, 'revolt' may indeed be a 'communicational' prerequisite for contemporary 'globalised' society to break out of an invidious (and potentially violent) standoff between a dominant world culture, subject to the logic of the market, on the one hand, and a fundamentalist ideological reaction to it, on the other. Kristeva points the way to a creative enlivening of individuals' lives, as well as of society at large, through her passionate elaboration on the potential for 'revolution' in language and communication, and also her development of the notion of 'revolt' as a legacy of Western culture -a legacy which is under threat in the present 'culture of the spectacle'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziale Systeme is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay reflects some of my current high order speculating-abstractings. I suggest readers apply visualization and imagination; "rational," "intellectual," and "logical" analysis alone will not help much. It would also […]

This study provides a cross-cultural test of Bavelas's situational theory of equivocation. Students from the United States and Japan were presented with one of four versions of a questionnaire, prepared in English and Japanese, that consisted of two hypothetical scenarios. Each scenario was altered to create either an avoidance-avoidance situation or a nonconflict situation. The imagined interaction partners in these scenarios were described as someone possessing status either equal to or greater than the students' status. For each scenario, subjects wrote down what they thought they would say in the situation and then responded to several items about their perceptions of the message and situation. Results were strongly supportive of the theory. Both American and Japanese students produced messages exhibiting substantial equivocation, but only when in an avoidance-avoidance conflict situation. Contrary to expectations, such situations did not elicit more equivocation from Japanese students than from American students; nor did relative status affect the use of equivocation. The equivocations of subjects were judged by themselves and by independent coders to be deceptive, though prosocial. Implications of these findings for the theory are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.

Enterprises nowadays expect future employees to have a high degree of so-called "social competence", therefore students and educational institutions are asking themselves, respectively, where to gain or how to teach such competence. Course programmes with this topic nevertheless show that the term "social competence" is very often dealt with in different ways, depending on how it is being interpreted. In order to show the semantic confusion, it is essential to find out what the term "social competence" comprises. So after some remarks on the etymological roots of competence and competitiveness, considerable differences in practical applications of the concept are demonstrated: Firstly "social competence" as the ability of employees to identify themselves with their companies' aims, then as a pattern of belonging to a certain social class, further as a reflexive mechanism, and finally as the ability to realize actions in general. The expression "social competence" seems to be part of two independent discourse areas: On the one hand it is a central element in the managerial rhetoric on how to get more competitiveness, on the other it represents the total of conditions of the possibility to act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through ethnographic interviewing, participant observation, and cluster analysis of perceptual judgment data, this study examines the natural language descriptions employed by some American high school adolescents in talking about the kinds of communication events they experience in everyday life and the underlying semantic dimensions by which these adolescents perceptually organize this domain. Adolescents described communication events through use of setting, participant, speech act, and purpose marker terms. Nine basic clusters of communication events were differentiated along five underlying semantic dimensions.

Focuses to a priming process account of the implicit causality effect in associating interpersonal verbs with people. Language as mediator for social interactions; Bias in the assignment of causality through use of certain interpersonal verbs.

The article presents the authors' response to a commentary on their paper "An Approach to the Evaluation of Deception in Television Advertising." They note that the critique seems to miss several important points in raising objection to the sample used in their study. They point out that no attempt was made to generalize findings to a larger population. Their aim was to explore semantic structure and to describe the nature of subjects' responses to deceptive commercials. The authors contend that their critical concern was not with the population sampled but with the nature of the interaction of respondent characteristics and the specific behavioral phenomenon under review.

As a visual artist, I feel that General Semantics is needed in this epoch more so than any other. In a society that uses communication more and more to cultivate [...]

DONNA MENDELSON [*] A NUMBER OF METAPHORS for land, place, and Earth have attracted the attention of critics who concentrate on demonstrating the damage done by particular metaphors. Annette Kolodny [...]

RAYMOND GOZZI, JR. [*] WITH ALL THE EXCITEMENT and apprehension over the Millennium change, the decade of the 1990s has received little attention. There are no generally agreed-upon themes, icons, [...]

MARK A. RAIMER [*] WHEN ASKED how he had accomplished so much in the sciences, Sir Isaac Newton replied, 'If I have seen farther than others, it is because I [...]

The special place accorded the 'beauteous' past of nostalgia in feeling and action is further attested to by the fact that, in English at least, there exists no antonym for [...]