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Previous studies have examined the various constructs of creative tourism, but the way travelers integrate the image of their self with a creative destination brand has not been taken into consideration. Therefore this study aims to conceptualize this integrity in a creative cultural destination in Iran. This survey involved 308 inbound travelers who revealed that destination uniqueness, perceived value, and interaction are strong predictors of creative cultural experience. Creative cultural experience also positively affects enjoyment and self-enhancement. These findings also accentuate that creative cultural experience and self-enhancement are strong determinants of Destination Brand Self-Congruence (DBSC). Nevertheless, there were no findings about the effect of perceived enjoyment on DBSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between customer experience perceptions (including trendiness, aesthetic quality, information quantity, personalization quality, entertainment, and accuracy) and engagement within the context of AI-based content recommendation systems on short-video platforms, with a focus on the mediating role of empathy and self-congruence. 781 online responses were collected in Vietnam, and a structural equation model was utilized to analyze the data. The findings show a significant positive impact of AI-based content recommendation experience perceptions on empathy and self-congruence. The link between empathy and customer engagement and the association between self-congruence and customer engagement were found to be positive. This study validates six dimensions used to measure customer experience perceptions of AI recommendations on short-video social media platforms and examines the knock-on effects of this concept on the psychological nuances and behavioral outcomes of consumers. Both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dualism has long been part of human sciences, including psychology and its sub-discipline of motivation. In psychology, such dualism is reflected in the rationalism-empiricism dichotomy. This dichotomy has resulted in two seemingly contradictory perspectives, including empiricism and rationalism. From empiricism perspective, the primary contact between subject and object is the passive reception of inputs from the environment. From rationalism perspective, the primary contact is through the match between conceptual forms and empirical observations. Relying on the notion of "being-in-the-world", activity theories reconcile these discrepancies by stressing the role of individual's activity in the contact between individual and the world. Similarly, in the motivation literature, such duality is highlighted by the dissection of motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. It has resulted in three contrasting streams on the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The first stream by reinforcement theories argues that these two motivational mechanisms act in an additive way. The second stream by undermining theories posits that they interact in a negative way. Yet, the third stream by contingency theories postulates that the simultaneous effect of these motivational mechanisms depends on reward salience. These theoretical streams either implicitly or explicitly give priority to one type of motivation over the other. Emphasizing a dialectical stance, motivational congruence theory gives equal weight to both types of motivation. It stipulates that the perceived congruence between motivational mechanisms and context determines overall motivation and performance. The theory goes beyond the dualistic approach in motivation and resolves discrepancies that have long afflicted the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how factors of perceived authenticity (including continuity, integrity, and credibility) and sponsorship congruence impact attitudes toward sponsors and subsequent sports betting intentions and behaviors. We consider the moderating effect of sponsorship type (conventional versus commercial gambling providers) to identify differences among sponsors. We also employed latent segmentation analysis (a posteriori) to identify latent segments. The results indicate that segment differences are primarily related to the perceived similarity between sponsors and sports events. Fans of age exhibit less brand self-congruence, which negatively affects perceptions of authenticity and attitude toward the sponsor. Conversely, older fans perceive greater authenticity and positivity toward sponsors when there is congruence between the sponsor, the event, and fans' identity. The sponsor type (conventional or gambling provider) did not differ significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of different virtual fashion styles on attitude and satisfaction within virtual reality (VR) tourism experiences. The investigation considers the mediating effect of perceived attractiveness, popularity, novelty and weirdness, as well as the moderating role of self-congruence with avatar clothing and the desire for unique products. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a quantitative experimental approach. Initially, a three-step pilot study (N = 201) was conducted to select avatar fashion styles for the main investigation. In the primary study, participants (N = 326) engaged with one out of four fashion style conditions to select attire for their avatars and then completed a self-administered survey. Data analysis involved paired-sample t-tests, multivariate analysis of variance and Hayes' PROCESS Models. Findings: The results show that presenting fantasy avatar fashion styles leads to a decrease in perceived attractiveness and popularity, while concurrently increasing perceptions of novelty and weirdness which in turn exert a negative influence on attitude and satisfaction with the virtual fitting room (VFR). However, these relationships change when considering the moderating role of self-congruence with avatar clothing and the desire for unique products. Practical implications: VR tourism experience providers and designers can use research findings to bolster positive attitude and enhance satisfaction with VFR; an important first step that strongly affects the rest of the VR tourist journey. Originality/value: This study contributes to tourism research by exploring the intersection of immersive technologies and virtual fashion. It emphasizes the enhancement of critical touchpoints like the VFR, moving beyond a sole focus on VR adoption, to improve the overall virtual tourist experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examines the evolving consumer-brand dynamics within Saudi Arabia, particularly focusing on the integration of sustainability into consumer preferences and brand loyalty. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and non-parametric statistical methods, this research is anchored in Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) and Self-Congruence Theory, exploring how brand personality and consumer self-congruence influence sustainable consumption behaviors and the adoption of circular economy practices among Saudi consumers. The findings reveal a significant correlation between brand loyalty and sustainable purchase decisions, underscoring the pivotal role of brand identity in fostering eco-conscious consumer choices. Additionally, the research highlights a nuanced landscape of brand loyalty, where attributes, such as social responsibility, though currently less influential, present opportunities for brands to align more closely with consumer values and national sustainability goals. The study also identifies demographic factors, such as age and income level, as significant influencers of sustainable purchasing decisions. This study provides insights into the generational shift towards environmental awareness and the implications for businesses and policymaking within the context of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan's music festival landscape has blossomed, attracting global music enthusiasts with its cultural richness and diverse offerings. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), a survey of festival-goers revealed the intricate relationships among factors like skill performance, self-congruence, ambiance, and consumer interaction, shaping authenticity, satisfaction, destination loyalty, and behavioral intentions. Interestingly, memory was identified as a moderating role, which interlinking satisfaction, behavioral intentions, and destination loyalty. These findings provide both theoretical insights and practical strategies for enhancing festival experiences and cultivating destination loyalty within Taiwan's thriving music scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic landscape of the fashion industry, cultivating brand loyalty has become a challenging endeavour, intensified by the competitive realm of social media. This study addresses the crucial problem of fostering brand loyalty in the digital era by employing authenticity as a strategic weapon. Using an integrated Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework and social presence theory, we explore the diverse impact of social media marketing activity (SMMa) on brand authenticity and brand loyalty. Through empirical analysis of data from 365 consumers engaging with global fashion brands on social media, we find a direct and significant impact of SMMa on brand authenticity and brand loyalty. Brand authenticity partially mediates the relationship between SMMa and brand loyalty. While self-congruence does not moderate the effects, the research highlights the importance of authenticity in shaping effective brand strategies on social platforms. The implications of these findings are valuable for fashion marketers, guiding them in creating authentic brand images and fostering enduring customer relationships in the competitive world of digital marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article title: Beyond brand personality. A multidimensional perspective of self-congruenceAuthors: Meike Fens, Dean C.H. Wilkie, & Sally Rao HillJournal: Journal of Marketing ManagementBibliometrics: Volume 38, Number 13–14, pages 1529–1560DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2022.2041069The online version of this paper has been updated to reflect the accurate contributions and credit to all contributing authors by adding Meike Fens as lead author. This has been agreed to by all contributing authors. [Extracted from the article]

Photo-based measurement methods are used to assess axial postural abnormalities (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, they capture only moments in time. We developed the 2-minute standing endurance test (2 M-SET), which specifically captures temporal changes in posture, as a novel dynamic method for measuring axial PA in patients with PD. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness and validity of the 2 M-SET for capturing temporal changes in axial PA in patients with PD. Twenty-eight patients with PD participated. The participants attempted to maintain an upright posture for 2 minutes during three tasks: standing, stepping in place, and walking. The rate of change in postural angle was recorded at 10-second intervals. Based on the results, the 2 M-SET was developed. Therapists evaluated the 2 M-SET using the NeuroPostureApp© to measure anterior trunk flexion (ATF) angles and lateral trunk flexion (LTF) angles at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 120 seconds. To assess reliability, the congruence between the measurements obtained by the therapists and those obtained using a three-dimensional motion-analysis system was examined. For validity, we assessed whether the ATF and LTF angles measured by the therapists could accurately capture postural changes at regular intervals over time. The average postural changes over 2 minutes for the standing, stepping in place, and gait tasks were 59.2±83.5%, 37.6±30.7%, and 45.4±50.6%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed high reliability, with values of 0.985 and 0.970 for the ATF and LTF angles, respectively. The results of our proposed 2 M-SET method, which uses temporal photo-based measurements to assess the patient's ability to maintain an upright standing position for 2 minutes, demonstrate the potential to capture temporal changes in axial PA. The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request and approval from the local ethics committee. • Photo-based assessment of postural abnormalities (PA) can only capture temporary efforts. • We describe a 2-Minute Standing Endurance Test for measuring axial PA. • Our proposed method has the potential to capture temporal changes in axial PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on understanding the concept of congruence of values. Congruence indicates that there is alignment between the values of an employee and those of the organization. It is a condition where an employee embraces, adheres, and develops a deep understanding of the significance of the organizational core values. The focus of this study is the core values of a tertiary higher education institution located in Manila, Philippines. Congruence is key to the success of the institution as it ensures that the behaviors exhibited by employees in the workplace are strategically aligned with the organizational vision, mission, goals, and objectives. Through phenomenographic data analysis, metaphors have been identified to create a more comprehensive view of congruence of values. As a phenomenon, other meanings may be derived in order to establish a clearer conceptualization of congruence of values. A Phenomenographic Outcome Space of Congruence of Values is presented to provide a complete picture of the phenomenon. The Phenomenographic Outcome Space ties together the metaphors associated with congruence of values, namely: timeline, imprint, compass, light, and legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to investigate how self-congruity motivates tourists' intention to share their cultural destination travel experiences on social networking platforms through their emotional and affective states. There are four types of self-congruence: actual self-congruity, social self-congruity, ideal self-congruity, and ideal social self-congruity. The survey data were collected from 336 samples after visiting Lingnan Impression Park. The results indicated that four types of self-congruence except for social self-congruity positively affect evoked pleasure (emotional state). Moreover, four types of self-congruence and evoked pleasure positively affect destination emotional attachment (affective state). Evoked pleasure and emotional attachment mediate the effect of self-congruity on the intention to share cultural destination travel experiences on social networking platforms. This study expands the application of the theory of self-congruity to cultural tourism in explaining the sharing behaviour of tourists on social networking platforms. This study also provides implications for assisting cultural destinations in formulating appropriate social networking marketing strategies to promote their destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition in the smartphone market has been keen and fierce, and customers' switching behavior has become a primary concern for smartphone marketing. This study focuses on this issue by exploring the key determinants of brand switching in the context of smartphone marketing. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from 235 respondents. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results revealed that brand commitment mediated the relationship among brand values, trust, self-congruence, and switching intention. Brand commitment, media influence, and alternative attractiveness are significantly related to brand switching of smartphone consumers. This study contributes to the empirical research of this area by introducing the role of media and self-congruence in a model that predicts the brand switching intention of smartphone consumers. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of the switching behavior of smartphone users, which can help marketers to develop strategies for customer retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous tourism studies have examined mental health, additional research is necessary. Drawing on Rogers' theory of person‐centered therapy and self‐determination theory, this study explores shopping tourism as an adjunct therapy to improve mental health. 309 residents from Hong Kong who had shopping tourism experiences were surveyed. Partial Least Squares‐Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) were adopted. The results showed that shopping hedonism, consisting of memorable and fashion shopping, and tourism escapism had specific effects on tourists' self‐congruence and eventually enhanced mental health. While tourism escapism was shown through PLS‐SEM to be non‐significant in driving shopping tourists' self‐congruence, it proved to be a necessary condition of such self‐congruence in NCA. This study recommends that government agencies promote shopping tourism as a non‐conventional way of enhancing people's mental health. Destinations can also attract shopping tourists from the perspective of promoting their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the role of brand personality self‐congruity (BPC) in affecting consumers' purchase behavior in a particular setting: video‐based social media (i.e., TikTok). Moreover, we test the moderating role of consumers' emotional attachment to the influencer and the mediating role of brand engagement in affecting purchase intention. Finally, we delve into the antecedents of influencer effectiveness and their relationship with consumers' actual purchases. To do so, we leverage two quantitative studies (n1 = 248; n3 = 247) and a qualitative one. Results from Study 1 indicate that the lower consumers perceive the gap between the brand personality and self‐image, the more they are inclined to engage with and purchase a brand. Moreover, we find that the emotional attachment to the influencer does not play a role in influencing purchase intention, positing that emotional attachment and BPC have different emotion dynamics with different purchase outcomes. Building on Study 1, Study 2 leverages a focus group to identify the antecedents of influencer effectiveness. Results highlight that a sense of indulgence appears in the minds of consumers when confronted with brands that have a lower congruity with their self. This sense of indulgence, in the case of low BPC, hinders the ability of the influencer to create an engagement between the brand and the consumer. Finally, Study 3 quantitatively tests the antecedents of influencer effectiveness under two conditions (entertaining vs. informative content type) highlighting the different influence of the antecedents on individuals with high (vs. low) BPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers strongly prefer brands that resonate with their own self-concepts, life tasks, themes, and concerns; in response, brands increasingly seek to connect with multiple aspects of their target marketsʻ self-concepts. Considering these ongoing developments, current conceptualisations of self-congruity in marketing may be inadequate, in that they tend to feature a unidimensional construct, based primarily on personality. Therefore, the current article proposes and confirms the appropriateness of a multidimensional conceptualisation of the self-concept, adopted from psychology literature, that is comprised of personality, beliefs, interests, social roles, aspirations, and abilities. For managers, this article shows how expanding self-congruity dimensions beyond personality provides opportunities for evoking stronger perceptions of congruence among consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relationship satisfaction is a global and subjective assessment of couples' romantic relationships. The results of studies representing different perspectives all strenghten the same: the uniqueness and diversity of the components of relationship functioning. Characteristics that emerge as a result of transgenerational dynamics, such as emotional detachment from parents, are rarely studied from the perspective of satisfaction. However, its role is crucial for relationships, as it deter- mines their subsequent outcome, quality, success and stability. Methods: This study was conducted among the Hungarian population aged eighteen and over in a committed relationship, based on their self-declaration (n = 533). For the first time in a Hungarian sample, it was explored that characteristic variables (which are not studied together often) such as emotional detachment from parents (self–differentiation), self–congruence and gratitude provide some sort of basis for the construction of a model of functioning. Our measurements were conducted using the Differentiaion of Self Inventory, the Gratitude Questionnaire, the Self–Compassion Scale and the Relationship Assesment Scale. The differentiation and systematic clustering of the personality variables was performed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: The analyses have led to a characterisation of the "young–largely undifferentiated", "young–differentiated" and "older–indifferentiated" patterns of couple functioning. The „young-differentiated" cluster (Mdn = 37) is also thought to be the most content with its relationship because it demonstrated the highest levels of differentiation, self-compassion, and thankfulness compared to the „young-highly undifferentiated" (Mdn = 36, U = 15648, Z = –3.118, p =0.002 [2–tailed], r = 0.156), and the „old-undifferentiated" (Mdn = 31, U = 5162, Z = –7.556, p < 0.001 [2–tailed], r = 0.442) clusters. Discussion: By comparing the three profiles, we found that the highest levels of satisfaction are provided by the combined intensity of detachment, self-congruence and gratitude. Furthermore, the general conclusion that self-differentiality and self–concept can be equally defining from the perspective of relationship balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research provides value to marketing researchers and professionals in regard to what triggers customers to purchase compulsively by studying the impact of materialism and self-congruence on the obsessive–compulsive buying behaviour (OCBB) of apparel by university students and the mediating role of brand attachment on these relationships. A total of 322 online questionnaires were gathered from university students who shop frequently. The PLS-SEM approach was used for data analysis using the SmartPLS V.3.3.3. software. The findings show that there is a relationship between Materialism, Brand attachment, self-congruence, and OCBB and that both self-congruence and materialism influence brand attachment. Finally, Brand attachment mediates both the relationship between Materialism and OCBB, as well as that between Self-congruence and OCBB. This is one of the first researches to study the mediating role of brand attachment on both relationships in one conceptual model and in an emerging market. The suggested implications include the launch of an awareness campaign on the negative consequences of OCBB on young adults, especially with the current economic conditions. In addition to implications for apparel brand managers on how they can utilize the established relationships to enhance their marketing plans which could increase long-term profitability.

Research has suggested that fragmented political systems, incohesive parties, and weak programmatic links between voters and legislators can undermine the effectiveness of ideological legislative representation. Using Brazil's national and state assemblies, we examine the potential for voter-elite congruence in a legislative environment considered weak in programmatic representation and highly fragmented by a decentralized political structure. Focusing on 2005–2014, we use mass and elite survey data from the National Congress and 12 state assemblies to estimate deputies' and respondents' ideal points on a common left-right scale. Despite many potential barriers to ideological representation, we find an aggregate pattern of congruence between voters' and politicians' ideological positions during this period, with stronger voter-deputy correspondence for state deputies on average. These patterns are confirmed by a dyadic analysis of deputy and voter characteristics. However, we also find weaknesses in party-level ideological congruence for the major parties—for voters on the left and party supporters on the right. The findings suggest that, while the party system did not prevent overall ideological representation, it may have hindered important aspects of party representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research provides value to marketing researchers and professionals in regard to what triggers customers to purchase compulsively by studying the impact of materialism and self-congruence on the obsessive–compulsive buying behaviour (OCBB) of apparel by university students and the mediating role of brand attachment on these relationships. A total of 322 online questionnaires were gathered from university students who shop frequently. The PLS-SEM approach was used for data analysis using the SmartPLS V.3.3.3. software. The findings show that there is a relationship between Materialism, Brand attachment, self-congruence, and OCBB and that both self-congruence and materialism influence brand attachment. Finally, Brand attachment mediates both the relationship between Materialism and OCBB, as well as that between Self-congruence and OCBB. This is one of the first researches to study the mediating role of brand attachment on both relationships in one conceptual model and in an emerging market. The suggested implications include the launch of an awareness campaign on the negative consequences of OCBB on young adults, especially with the current economic conditions. In addition to implications for apparel brand managers on how they can utilize the established relationships to enhance their marketing plans which could increase long-term profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ethical consumerism is gaining importance as consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about brands' moral intentions and social and legal practices. Hence, in a quest to advance the current application of ethics in branding, this study substantiates literature by investigating consumer-perceived brand ethicality's (CPBE) role in affecting psychological, affective and behavioral responses of consumers (i.e. psychological brand ownership (PBO), brand commitment and willingness to pay a price premium (WPPP). Further, the authors test self-congruence as the boundary condition for CPBE. Design/methodology/approach: Online survey method resulted in 408 responses, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: CPBE emerged as a predictor for PBO, brand commitment and WPPP. However, counterintuitively, self-congruence failed to reflect any moderating effect on the relationships between CPBE and PBO and CPBE and brand commitment. Practical implications: Brands are encouraged to indulge in and reflect ethical practices to generate favorable consumer responses, i.e. PBO, brand commitment and WPPP. Originality/value: Based on the ethical and psychological ownership theories, the investigation adds to the scholarship on CPBE and its outcomes. Arguably, it remains the first study to document the linkage between CPBE and PBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit organizations have been increasingly professionalizing their presence on social media to influence potential donors' perceptions and behaviors. Thus, an increasing number of organizations have started to partner with social media endorsers (i.e., influencers and celebrities). In doing so, organizations face the question of whether they should partner with endorsers who represent the potential donors' ideal self or with endorsers who reflect the potential donors' actual self. To examine this question, the present study is based on a cross-sectional survey with 419 social media users. Data are analyzed based on a structural equation model. Findings demonstrate that matching potential donors' ideal self-concept positively affects competence belief, while aligning with potential donors' actual self-concept positively increases benevolence/integrity belief. In addition, the results show that both competence belief and benevolence/integrity belief are of vital importance, as both factors positively influence attention to a social media post, which affects behavioral outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed questionnaires from 626 Chinese tourists by using the partial least squares method to determine the effects of four dimensions of destination brand authenticity (i.e. objective, constructive, postmodern, and existential authenticity) on destination brand well-being and verify the mediating role of self-congruence. Two destination brand authenticity dimensions (i.e. postmodern and existential authenticity) improved destination brand hedonic and eudaemonic well-being through actual and ideal self-congruence while objective authenticity heightened destination brand eudaemonic well-being by ideal self-congruence; however, there are differences in the mediating role of actual and ideal self-congruence. The aforementioned findings contribute to the theory of destination brand authenticity, self-congruence, and well-being and can serve as a reference for the future development of destination brands, such as brand well-being marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nascent literature on feeling trusted has focused on the notion that it is a benefit to employees and their organizations, with several studies demonstrating a link to improved job performance. It is not surprising, therefore, that the prevailing assumption is that employees will react positively when their supervisors trust them more as opposed to less. Recent research, however, has suggested that the benefits of feeling trusted are accompanied by strains, which some employees may be unwilling to bear. Drawing on seminal theorizing on fairness, we propose that employees will perceive their supervisors as being more mindful of their needs—acting more fairly—when there is a fit between trust wanted and trust received, even when the fit is at low levels of trust. By extension, when trust received exceeds or falls short of an employee's desire for trust, the employee should perceive the supervisor as less fair. We build a model in which the overall fairness perceptions resulting from the trust wanted–received interplay influence employee performance. Our model is supported by a multisource, three-wave field study and an experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDeep relationships with consumers are not limited to products. In tourism, deep relationships can be built based on valuable and meaningful travel experiences in sustainable tourism destinations. The aim of the study is an examination of tourist engagement for loyalty in the sustainable destination image. This research was designed through a causal study. ASurvey for data collection was conducted employing questionnaires specifically designed for local tourists visiting tourist villages in Bali and Yogyakarta. A sample of 282 local tourists was determined incidentally according to established criteria. Data analysis used statistical inference analysis, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) maximum likelihood method. The research findings indicate that the alignment of values demonstrated in the image of sustainable tourist villages encourages tourists to engage in and support sustainability. The congruence of normative values and beliefs portrayed by the brand image as a tourist village fosters intentions to revisit and recommend it to others. Tourists’ behaviors further contribute to sustainability based on normative considerations of tourist village sustainability. The theoretical implication is the congruence of values as a concept that cannot be separated from consumer engagement and sustainable tourism destinations. Values developed based on tourists’ self-congruence with sustainability form the basis of relationships with tourists. These values become the primary preferences for engagement and loyalty to sustainability. By understanding self-congruence theory, managers can design strategies that consider the values and attributes the target market identifies in sustainable tourism destinations. Creating value congruence between the destination and the tourist’s self-image can encourage emotional engagement and tourist preference for sustainable destinations.

We investigate factors affecting tourists' intentions to revisit and recommend a travel site they visited before. The results indicate that delight (i.e., holistic emotional evaluation), more so than satisfaction, determines revisit and referral intentions. We also find that delight is affected by the extent to which one perceives his/her travel experience to have engendered self-enhancement. The assessment of self-enhancement is significantly influenced by both real and ideal self-congruence judgments. In addition, we examine the roles of variety-seeking and the need for uniqueness on tourists' patronage intentions. We find that the higher variety-seeking and the need for uniqueness, the more likely one will revisit and recommend the site he/she visited before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of cross-national studies has examined the ideological congruence between citizens and political parties and found that those citizens whose is ideology close to the winning party tend to be satisfied with democracy in their country. We extend the causal story of ideological congruence and satisfaction with democracy to Australia and New Zealand. As we estimate the effects of various so-cio-psychological factors on citizen satisfaction, we highlight the effect of perceived accountability and ideological congruence. We find that both factors contribute to satisfaction with democracy in New Zealand and Australia. Our empirical evidence not only confirms the extant literature but also suggests that perceived accountability has a larger influence in both democracies that use different election systems. This result has to do with the possibility that majoritarianism and proportional representation may produce coalition governments that locate ideology at the median voter. Therefore, democratic satisfaction primarily depends on if the government being controlled by its citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep relationships with consumers are not limited to products. In tourism, deep relationships can be built based on valuable and meaningful travel experiences in sustainable tourism destinations. The aim of the study is an examination of tourist engagement for loyalty in the sustainable destination image. This research was designed through a causal study. ASurvey for data collection was conducted employing questionnaires specifically designed for local tourists visiting tourist villages in Bali and Yogyakarta. A sample of 282 local tourists was determined incidentally according to established criteria. Data analysis used statistical inference analysis, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) maximum likelihood method. The research findings indicate that the alignment of values demonstrated in the image of sustainable tourist villages encourages tourists to engage in and support sustainability. The congruence of normative values and beliefs portrayed by the brand image as a tourist village fosters intentions to revisit and recommend it to others. Tourists' behaviors further contribute to sustainability based on normative considerations of tourist village sustainability. The theoretical implication is the congruence of values as a concept that cannot be separated from consumer engagement and sustainable tourism destinations. Values developed based on tourists' self-congruence with sustainability form the basis of relationships with tourists. These values become the primary preferences for engagement and loyalty to sustainability. By understanding self-congruence theory, managers can design strategies that consider the values and attributes the target market identifies in sustainable tourism destinations. Creating value congruence between the destination and the tourist's self-image can encourage emotional engagement and tourist preference for sustainable destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research reports a positive association between possession of mental toughness (MT) and high performance in sportspersons. However, the extent to which MT is related to playing experiences and appreciation of club environment in elite women's football has received only limited research attention. Accordingly, the present study investigated MT in the context of the English Football Association Women's Super League (WSL). Specifically, this paper examined relationships between level of MT and external (playing experience, perceptions of club infrastructure, and appreciation of support mechanisms) and internal (self-esteem) factors. A sample of 63 elite female professional football players from the WSL, aged between 18 and 35 years (mean = 25.87, SD = 4.03), completed self-report measures. To objectively validate self-ratings, congruence between self and peer-rated was assessed. This revealed a strong degree of consistency. Subsequent analysis found positive correlations between MT, playing experience (number of years playing football, NoY; and highest level of football achieved, HLA), and External Support. Additionally, Self-Esteem correlated positively with MT, NoY, HLA, and External Support. Moderation analysis found MT interacted with NoY and predicted greater levels of Self-Esteem. Players with lower and mean MT, and more years as a professional were more likely to possess higher Self-Esteem (vs. less years). These outcomes indicated important relationships between MT, External Support, and Self-Esteem. Accordingly, WSL clubs can potentially apply the results of this study to enhance positive player mindset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]