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Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Krmiva is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. In livestock farming, the balance of feed and diet, including macro-, microelements and vitamins, is important. This is facilitated by control of microelements in feed. Purpose. Determination of selenium and zinc content in husks and meal using SEM and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Methodology. SEM "JEOLJSM -- IT200 LA", X-ray fluorescence analyzer "SpectraXEPOSX-ray" and optical spectroscopy devices were used. Originality. Data were obtained to select the optimal method for detecting selenium and zinc in animal feed. Findings. The sensitivity of X-ray fluorescence analysis and SEM methods with respect to selenium and zinc in meal husks was revealed. A method for its enrichment with microelements has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selen (Se) je mikronutrijent koji se u prirodi pojavljuje u tragovima, ali u brojnim organskim i anorganskim oblicima. Primijenjen u odgovarajućim koncentracijama ima brojne pozitivne učinke na organizme, dok izloženost prekomjernim koncentracijama Se vodi ka toksičnosti i oksidacijskom stresu. Količina Se koja se dnevno unosi prehranom odraz je zastupljenosti elementa u tlu. Na svjetskoj razini prevladavajući je udio područja siromašnih Se, stoga se pojavljuje i velik broj oboljelih od malnutricije. Obećavajuće rješenje problema je biofortifikacija usjeva, ponajprije pšenice, jedne od najzastupljnijih žitarica u prehrani ljudi. Biofortifikacija usjeva poboljšava kvalitetu prehrambenih proizvoda uslijed povećanja koncentracije bioraspoloživog Se, a na područjima siromašnim Se najčešći izbor je agronomska biofortifikacija.

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Výživa a Potraviny is the property of Spolecnost pro Vyzivu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Krmiva is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aus der Reaktion von Chalkogendioxiden ChO2 (Ch=Se, Te) mit As2O3 in einem 30‐molaren KOH‐Hydroflux bei etwa 200 °C wurden Kristalle von Kaliumtrichalkogeniden K2Ch3 mit Abmessungen bis zu 2 cm erhalten. Arsentrioxid wirkt hierbei als Elektronendonor und wird zu Arsenat(V) oxidiert. Setzt man SeO2 und TeO2 zusammen ein, so bildet sich das neue Heterochalkogenid‐Anion (TeSe2)2−. Die Verbindung K2TeSe2 kristallisiert isotyp zu K2S3 und K2Se3. Sowohl die unerwartete Redoxreaktion als auch die Fällung hygroskopischer Verbindungen aus einer wässrigen Lösung werden auf eine stark reduzierte Aktivität des Wassers zurückgeführt. Die Reaktionen wurden mit Raman‐ und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie untersucht. Je nach As2O3‐Konzentration dominieren in den Lösungen farblose Monochalkogenide Ch2− oder orangefarbene Se22− und violette Te22− Anionen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wir beschreiben Sydnonmethide, von denen bisher nur ein einziges Beispiel in der Literatur erwähnt worden war. Sydnonmethide können zu Anionen deprotoniert werden, die als π‐elektronenreiche anionische N‐heterocyclische Carbene formulierbar sind. Schwefel‐ und Selenaddukte konnten wir als ihre Methylether stabilisieren sowie Quecksilber‐, Gold‐ und Rhodiumkomplexe von Sydnonmethiden herstellen. Die Anionen von Sydnonmethiden gehen zudem C‐C‐Kupplungsreaktionen mit 1‐Fluor‐4‐iodbenzol unter Pd(PPh3)4‐ und CuBr‐Katalyse ein. Zur Abschätzung der elektronischen Eigenschaften dieser anionischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbene bestimmten wir die 77Se‐NMR‐Resonanzfrequenzen und die 1JC4‐Se‐Kopplungskonstanten der Selen‐Addukte sowie die 1JC4‐H‐Kopplungskonstanten der mesoionischen Vorläufermoleküle. Im Vergleich zu klassischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen erscheint das Carben‐Kohlenstoffatom des Sydnonmethid‐Anions 3 j in den bei −40 °C gemessenen 13C‐NMR‐Spektren mit δ=155.2 ppm bei extrem hohem Feld. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Krmiva is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Über eine Selen‐katalysierte para‐Hydroxylierung von N‐Arylhydroxamsäuren wird berichtet. Mechanistisch verläuft diese über N‐O‐Bindungsbruch und nachfolgende Selen‐induzierte [2,3]‐Umlagerungen um para‐Hydroxylanilinderivate zu erzeugen. Der Mechanismus wurde sowohl mittels 18O‐Überkreuzungsexperimenten als auch quantenchemischen Berechnungen untersucht. Diese redox‐neutrale Transformation ermöglicht einen ungewöhnlichen synthetischen Zugang zu para‐Aminophenolen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional determinants that may contribute to potentially reducing the risk of COVID-19 central nervous system infection or, if infection occurs, to experience it in a mild form. Views: In this study, the authors collected data on nutrients that support traditional drug treatment and potentially reduce central nervous system infections, while also indicating the role they play in the central nervous system (CNS). The article points out that long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics and prebiotics, as well as vitamin D selenium and zinc play a role in supporting immune function and reducing the risk of CNS infections. It should be noted that, due to the novel nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, limited number of studies evaluating the potential impact of dietary components on COVID-19 risk reduction or their adjunctive effect on treatment are available. Therefore, further clinical studies are needed to confirm these results. Conclusions: The dietary habits and nutrients described in the article support medical care, including vaccination and other therapies. They are likely to reduce the risk of CNS SARS-CoV-2 infection. The functioning of the physiological gut-brain axis supported by probiotics, polyphenols, certain minerals such as zinc, selenium and vitamin D consumed with the diet, can probably reduce the cost of COVID-19 treatment on the CNS. Also, nutrients other than those mentioned in the article, including vitamins A, E, B1, B6, B12 and iron, could potentially reduce the cost of the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many observations indicate the existence of a relationship between reduced selenium status in the body and various thyroid diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis. In most studies devoted to this issue, change in concentration of anti-TPO antibodies was the main measure of the effectiveness of selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. The concentration of anti-TPO has an impact on the intensity of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland and the degree of damage to this gland; therefore, reducing their concentration as a result of increased selenium consumption may contribute to more effective treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis. In some works, the evaluation of immunoregulatory effect of selenium in the course of autoimmune thyroiditis was considered in relation to a wider range of biochemical and immunological parameters (mainly changes in the production of cytokines and chemokines). Many authors have confirmed the effect of selenium on reducing the concentration of anti-TPO, but pooled results of all the studies are ambiguous. The discrepancy may have been caused by a different degree of saturation of the thyroid with selenium and iodine in patients, a different severity of the disease, different doses of selenium administered to patients, the use or non-use of simultaneous therapy with L-thyroxine, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurring in genes encoding particular selenoproteins. Based on literature, it can be concluded that the issue concerning the role of selenium in autoimmune thyroiditis is still poorly understood. There is a need to continue research evaluating the effect of selenium on the course of this disease, which should include also other parameters apart from anti-TPO. The results of such extensive research may be helpful in formulating new guidelines for supporting treatment by appropriate modification of diet, including selenium supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the biomass production and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. The pot experiment included two maize genotypes: hybrid 408BC originating from Croatia and a local maize population from Kosovo. The doses of Se applied were 0, 1.30, 6.57, 13, and 26 mg kg−1. The lowest Se dose (1.30 mg Se kg−1) had a positive effect on shoot and root biomass production as well as on the contents of chlorophyll b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (just for the hybrid). Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) was reduced with increasing Se doses, whereas chlorophyll b (Chl-b) and total chlorophyll further increased with medium Se doses. The highest Se dose strongly reduced biomass and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. Chl-a and carotenoids positively correlated with shoot (for both genotypes) and root (for the hybrid) biomass, whereas no correlation was observed between Chl-b and biomass. Low amounts of Se application are favorable for biomass production and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, whereas high amounts of Se application negatively affect both.

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum seria Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Krmiva is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation to ducks kept under constant high environmental temperature (30 ± 1°C for 24 h per day during days 14 to 42 d) on their antioxidant status, rectal temperature, production parameters, nutrient digestibility and the chemical composition of their meat. Fourteen days old mixed-sex Cherry Valley type hybrid ducks were randomly placed into three experimental groups, each containing 20 birds in 5 replicates. This was repeated two times and in total 900 ducks was used. Ducks were housed in a high environmental temperature room (HT: constant 30 ± 1°C for 24 h, relative humidity 62 ± 5%) during 28 days. The three experimental diets (T1, T2, T3) were maize-soybean meal based. T1 was a control diet only with premix. T2 and T3 had differently increased concentration of Vitamin E, C, selenium and zinc (T2: 540 mg/kg, 998 mg/kg, 0.60 mg/kg, 97 mg/kg and T3: 1540 mg/kg, 1996 mg/kg, 0.90 mg/kg, 148 mg/kg) respectively. It was concluded that the digestibility of crude protein and dry matter, the rectal temperature and the chemical composition of duck breast and leg meat were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments under heat stress. However, several production parameters (feed intake, live weight at 14 d and 42 d, daily weight gain; feed conversion ratio) and serum antioxidant capacity (malondialdehyde, superoxide-dismutase, antioxidant capacity of water- and lipid-soluble compounds, glutathione-peroxidase) of 14-42 day old ducks were significantly improved (P < 0.05) with antioxidant supplementations (T2, T3). The improved antioxidant capacity of the serum in the T2 and T3 groups thus led to an increase in duck performance under heat stress. Based on the present results, at high environmental temperature in the summer we recommend using T2 (Vitamin E: 540 mg/kg diet, Vitamin C: 998 mg/kg diet, Se: 0.60 mg/kg diet and Zn: 97 mg/kg diet) supplementation in practical duck nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selectively capturing toxic oxoanions of selenium and arsenic is highly desired for the remediation of hazardous waste. Ionic metal–organic frameworks (iMOFs) especially cationic MOFs (iMOF‐C) as ion‐exchange materials, featuring aqueous phase stability, present a robust pathway for sequestration of the oxoanions owing to their ability to prevent leaching because of their ionic nature. On account of scarcity of water‐stable cationic MOFs, the capture of oxoanions of selenium and arsenic has been a major challenge and has not been investigated using iMOFs. Herein, we demonstrate large scale synthesis of cationic MOF, viz. iMOF‐1C that exhibits selective capture of oxoanions of SeVI (SeO42−) and AsV (HAsO42−) in water with a maximum sorption capacity of 100 and 85 mg g−1, respectively. This represents among the highest uptake capacities observed for selenate oxoanion in MOFs. Further, the ion‐exchange mechanism was directly unveiled by single crystal analysis, which revealed variable modes of host–guest binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new approach for cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs have been limited until recently, and the antitumor efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies still needs to be improved. Herein, we develop diselenide–pemetrexed assemblies that combine natural killer (NK) cell‐based cancer immunotherapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a single system. The assemblies are prepared by co‐assembly between pemetrexed and cytosine‐containing diselenide through hydrogen bonds. Under γ‐radiation, the hydrogen bonds are cleaved, resulting in the release of pemetrexed. At the same time, diselenide can be oxidized to seleninic acid, which suppresses the expression of human leukocyte antigen E (HLA‐E) in cancer cells, thus activating the immune response of NK cells. In this way, cancer immunotherapy is combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, providing a new strategy for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diphenyl trisulfide–selenium nanowire (DPTS‐Se) organic–inorganic hybrid cathode material is presented for rechargeable lithium batteries. During discharge, three voltage plateaus associated with three lithiation processes are observed. During recharge, the combination of the radicals formed upon delithiation leads to several new phenyl sulfoselenide compounds which are confirmed by HPLC‐QTof‐MS. The hybrid cathode exhibits superior cycling stability over pristine Se or DPTS as cathode alone. The first discharge shows a capacity of 96.5 % of the theoretical specific capacity and the cell retains 69.2 % of the initial capacity over 250 cycles. The hybrid cathode also shows a high Coulombic efficiency of over 99 % after 250 cycles. This study demonstrates that the combination of organic polysulfide and selenium can not only improve the utilization of active materials but also enhance the cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of high‐performance organic thermoelectric (TE) materials is of vital importance for flexible power generation and solid‐cooling applications. Demonstrated here is the significant enhancement in TE performance of selenium‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives. Along with strong intermolecular interactions and high Hall mobilities of 1.0–2.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in doping‐states for polymers, PDPPSe‐12 exhibits a maximum power factor and ZT of up to 364 μW m−1 K−2 and 0.25, respectively. The performance is more than twice that of the sulfur‐based DPP derivative and represents the highest value for p‐type organic thermoelectric materials based on high‐mobility polymers. These results reveal that selenium substitution can serve as a powerful strategy towards rationally designed thermoelectric polymers with state‐of‐the‐art performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral tetrahydrothiophenes and tetrahydroselenophenes are highly useful structural units. Described here is a new catalytic asymmetric approach for their synthesis. With a suitable chiral Brønsted acid catalyst, an oxetane desymmetrization by a well‐positioned internal sulfur or selenium nucleophile proceeded efficiently to generate all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivities. Taming the sulfur and selenium nucleophile in the form of a thioester and selenoester, respectively, is crucial to the success of this work. This approach also allows the facile synthesis of chiral tetrahydrothiopyrans. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations, suggested an intramolecular acyl‐transfer pathway. Utilities of the chiral products are also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemically functional porous membranes of low cost are appealing in various electrochemical devices used in modern environmental and energy technologies. Herein we describe a scalable strategy to construct electrochemically active, hierarchically porous carbon membranes containing atomically dispersed semi‐metallic Se, denoted SeNCM. The isolated Se atoms were stabilized by carbon atoms in the form of a hexatomic ring structure, in which the Se atoms were located at the edges of graphitic domains in SeNCM. This configuration is different from that of previously reported transition/noble metal single atom catalysts. The positively charged Se, enlarged graphitic layers, robust electrochemical nature of SeNCM endow them with excellent catalytic activity that is superior to state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also has long‐term operational stability for hydrazine oxidation reaction in practical hydrazine fuel cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhand des Vorbilds von Glutathionperoxidase (GPx) wurden Mikrogele mit Selenfunktionalitäten versehen und somit katalytisch aktive, kolloidale Mikrogele gewonnen. Diselenid‐basierte Vernetzer (Se X‐Linker) wurden synthetisiert und gemeinsam mit dem konventionellen Vernetzer N,N′‐Methylenbis(acrylamid) (BIS) mittels Fällungspolymerisation in Mikrogele eingebracht. Die in den Mikrogelen verteilten Diselenidbrücken konnten selektiv mittels Oxidation durch H2O2 gespalten und zu Selensäure umgesetzt werden, ohne dass die Mikrogele an struktureller Integrität einbüßten. Auf diese Weise wurden katalytisch aktive Mikrogele mit variablem Selensäuregehalt synthetisiert. Beachtenswert ist, dass die so erhaltenen Mikrogele in einer Modellreaktion, der Oxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure (AA) und Methacrylsäure (MA), im Vergleich zum reinen Se X‐Linker eine erhöhte katalytische Aktivität aufweisen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a selenoenzyme that protects cells against oxidative damage. Although the formation of a seleninic acid (‐SeO2H) by this enzyme during oxidative stress has been proposed, a selenic acid has not been identified in cells. Herein, we report that the formation of a seleninic acid can be monitored in living cells by using a redox‐active ebselen analogue with a naphthalimide fluorophore. The probe reacts with H2O2 to generate the highly fluorescent seleninic acid. The electron withdrawing nature of the ‐SeO2H moiety and strong Se⋅⋅⋅O interactions, which prevent the photoinduced electron transfer, are responsible for the fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)