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The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with the solar wind, radiation, and interplanetary dust. Many scientific instruments onboard the two spacecraft will be completely, or partially devoted to study the near-space environment of Mercury as well as the complex processes that govern it. Many issues remain unsolved even after the MESSENGER mission that ended in 2015. The specific orbits of the two spacecraft, MPO and Mio, and the comprehensive scientific payload allow a wider range of scientific questions to be addressed than those that could be achieved by the individual instruments acting alone, or by previous missions. These joint observations are of key importance because many phenomena in Mercury's environment are highly temporally and spatially variable. Examples of possible coordinated observations are described in this article, analysing the required geometrical conditions, pointing, resolutions and operation timing of different BepiColombo instruments sensors., Comment: 78 pages, 14 figures, published

We developed a CANDLES-III system to study the neutrino-less double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{48}$Ca. The proposed system employs 96 CaF$_{2}$ scintillation crystals (305 kg) with natural Ca ($^{\rm nat.}$Ca) isotope which corresponds 350\,g of $^{48}$Ca. External backgrounds were rejected using a 4$\pi$ active shield of a liquid scintillator surrounding the CaF$_2$ crystals. The internal backgrounds caused by the radioactive impurities within the CaF$_2$ crystals can be reduced effectively through analysis of the signal pulse shape. We analyzed the data obtained in the Kamioka underground for a live-time of 130.4\,days to evaluate the feasibility of the low background measurement with the CANDLES-III detector. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimated the background rate from the radioactive impurities in the CaF$_{2}$ crystals and the rate of high energy $\gamma$-rays caused by the (n, $\gamma$) reactions induced by environmental neutrons. The expected background rate was in a good agreement with the measured rate, i.e., approximately 10$^{-3}$ events/keV/yr/(kg of $^{\rm nat.}$Ca), in the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ window. In conclusion, the background candidates were estimated properly by comparing the measured energy spectrum with the background simulations. With this measurement method, we performed the first search for 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay in a low background condition using a detector with a Ca isotope, in which the Ca present was not enriched, in a scale of hundreds of kg. The $^{48}$Ca isotope has a high potential for use in 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay search, and is expected to be useful for the development of a next-generation detector for highly sensitive measurements., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Physical Review D

We show that finite temperature variational cluster approximation (VCA) calculations on an extended Falicov-Kimball model can reproduce angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) results on Ta2NiSe5 across a semiconductor-to-semiconductor structural phase transition at 325 K. We demonstrate that the characteristic temperature dependence of the flat-top valence band observed by ARPES is reproduced by the VCA calculation on the realistic model for an excitonic insulator only when the strong excitonic fluctuation is taken into account. The present calculations indicate that Ta2NiSe5 falls in the Bose-Einstein condensation regime of the excitonic insulator state., Comment: 21 pages(5 figures)

The magnetic properties and Mott transition of the Hubbard model on the square lattice with frustration are studied at half-filling and zero temperature by the variational cluster approximation. When the on-site repulsion $U$ is large, magnetically disordered state is realized in highly frustrated region between the N\'eel and collinear phases, and no imcommensurate magnetic states are found there. As for the Mott transition, in addition to the Mott gap and double occupancy, which clarify the nature of the transition, the structure of the self-energy in the spectral representation is studied in detail below and above the Mott transition point. The spectral structure of the self-energy is almost featureless in the metallic phase, but clear single dispersion, leading to the Mott gap, appears in the Mott insulator phase., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures

Quantum phase transitions in the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice are investigated in the variational cluster approximation. The critical interaction for the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition is found to be in remarkable agreement with a recent large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Calculated staggered magnetization increases continuously with $U$ and thus we find the phase transition is of a second order. We also find that the semimetal-insulator transition occurs at infinitesimally small interaction and thus a paramagnetic insulating state appears in a wide interaction range. A crossover behavior of electrons from itinerant to localized character found in the calculated single-particle excitation spectra and short-range spin correlation functions indicates that an effective spin model for the paramagnetic insulating phase is far from a simple Heisenberg model with a nearest-neighbor exchange interaction., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

We investigate the lateral dynamics in a purely viscous lipid membrane surrounded by viscoelastic media such as polymeric solutions. We first obtain the generalized frequency-dependent mobility tensor and focus on the case when the solvent is sandwiched by hard walls. Due to the viscoelasticity of the solvent, the mean square displacement of a disk embedded in the membrane exhibits an anomalous diffusion. An useful relation which connects the mean square displacement and the solvent modulus is provided. We also calculate the cross-correlation of the particle displacements which can be applied for two-particle tracking experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the excitonic insulator state induced by the Coulomb interaction $U$ in the two-dimensional extended Falicov-Kimball model. Using the variational cluster approximation (VCA) and Hartree-Fock approximation (HFA), we evaluate the order parameter, single-particle excitation gap, momentum distribution functions, coherence length of excitons, and single-particle and anomalous excitation spectra, as a function of $U$ at zero temperature. We find that in the weak-to-intermediate coupling regime, the Fermi surface plays an essential role and calculated results can be understood in close correspondence with the BCS theory, whereas in the strong-coupling regime, the Fermi surface plays no role and results are consistent with the picture of BEC. Moreover, we find that HFA works well both in the weak- and strong-coupling regime, and that the difference between the results of VCA and HFA mostly appears in the intermediate-coupling regime. The reason for this is discussed from a viewpoint of the self-energy. We thereby clarify the excitonic insulator state that typifies either a BCS condensate of electron-hole pairs (weak-coupling regime) or a Bose-Einstein condensate of preformed excitons (strong-coupling regime)., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

We present an exact diagonalization study of the self-energy of the two-dimensional Hubbard model. To increase the range of available cluster sizes we use a corrected t-J model to compute approximate Greens functions for the Hubbard model. This allows to obtain spectra for clusters with 18 and 20 sites. The self-energy has several `bands' of poles with strong dispersion and extended incoherent continua with k-dependent intensity. We fit the self-energy by a minimal model and use this to extrapolate the cluster results to the infinite lattice. The resulting Fermi surface shows a transition from hole pockets in the underdoped regime to a large Fermi surface in the overdoped regime. We demonstrate that hole pockets can be completely consistent with the Luttinger theorem. Introduction of next-nearest neighbor hopping changes the self-energy stronlgy and the spectral function with nonvanishing next-nearest-neighbor hopping in the underdoped region is in good agreement with angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy., Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures

Mott transition and ferrimagnetism are studied in the Hubbard model on the anisotropic kagom\'e lattice using the variational cluster approximation and the phase diagram at zero temperature and half-filling is analyzed. The ferrimagnetic phase rapidly grows as the geometric frustration is relaxed, and the Mott insulator phase disappears in moderately frustrated region, showing that the ferrimagnetic fluctuations stemming from the relaxation of the geometric frustration is enhanced by the electron correlations. In metallic phase, heavy fermion behavior is observed and mass enhancement factor is computed. Enhancement of effective spatial anisotropy by the electron correlations is also confirmed in moderately frustrated region, and its effect on heavy fermion behavior is examined., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

Based on exact diagonalization and variational cluster approximation calculations we study the relationship between charge transfer models and the corresponding single band Hubbard models. We present an explanation for the waterfall phenomenon observed in angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on cuprate superconductors. The phenomenon is due to the destructive interference between the phases of the O2p orbitals belonging to a given Zhang-Rice singlet and the Bloch phases of the photohole which occurs in certain regions of k-space. It therefore may be viewed as a direct experimental visualisation of the Zhang-Rice construction of an effective single band model for the CuO2 plane., Comment: 11 pages, 9 Postscript figures

Using an exact diagonalization technique on small clusters, we study spin and density excitations of the triangular-lattice $t$-$J$ model with multiple-spin exchange interactions, whereby we consider anomalous properties observed in the doped Mott region of the two-dimensional liquid $^3$He adsorbed on a graphite surface. We find that the double-peak structure consistent with experiment appears in the calculated temperature dependence of the specific heat; the low-temperature sharp peak comes from the spin excitations reflecting the frustrated nature of the spin degrees of freedom and high-temperature broad peak comes from the density excitations extending over the entire band width. The clear separation in their energy scales is evident in the calculated spin and density excitation spectra. The calculated single-particle excitation spectra suggest the presence of fermionic quasiparticles dressed by the spin excitations, with an enhanced effective mass consistent with experiment., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures

Ivanov-Anderson (IA) model (and an earlier treatment by Kubo) envisages a decay of the orientational correlation by random but large amplitude molecular jumps, as opposed to infinitesimal small jumps assumed in Brownian diffusion. Recent computer simulation studies on water and supercooled liquids have shown that large amplitude motions may indeed be more of a rule than exception. Existing theoretical studies on jump diffusion mostly assume an exponential (Poissonian) waiting time distribution for jumps, thereby again leading to an exponential decay. Here we extend the existing formalism of Ivanov and Anderson to include an algebraic waiting time distribution between two jumps. As a result, the first and second rank orientational time correlation functions show the same long time power law, but their short time decay behavior is quite different. The predicted Cole-Cole plot of dielectric relaxation reproduces various features of non-Debye behaviour observed experimentally. We also developed a theory where both unrestricted small jumps and large angular jumps coexist simultaneously. The small jumps are shown to have a large effect on the long time decay, particularly in mitigating the effects of algebraic waiting time distribution, and in giving rise to an exponential-like decay, with a time constant, surprisingly, less than the time constant that arises from small amplitude decay alone., Comment: 14 figures