43,063 results on '"SECONDARY schools"'
Search Results
2. [Unipacs: A-LM Spanish, Units 7-42].
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West Bend High Schools, WI.
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These instructional materials, designed for use with the "A-LM" Spanish language course, permit teachers to individualize instruction. Basic objectives are outlined and a student checklist of required activities for each unit is included. Worksheets and unit tests are also provided. (RL)
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- 2024
3. Career Information Service.
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Massachusetts State Dept. of Education, Boston. Div. of Occupational Education. and Greater Lowell Vocational-Technical School District, Tyngsboro, MA.
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The document is an index to the Career Information Service (CIS), a cooperative program between the Greater Lowell Regional School District and the Massachusetts Division of Occupational Education. The program utilizes the microfilm aperture card technology for disseminating occupational information in a school setting; its objectives are to provide localized, up-to-date occupational information for secondary students across an entire State, to provide school counselors with current occupational information with which to work, and to provide educators with a teaching aid that will assist them in relating school programs and subject matter content to the world of work. The system consists of a set of 644 microfilm aperture cards which carry occupational briefs; one four-page brief is contained on each card. A microfilm reader is located in each participating school for users of the system. The index lists and describes, in one or two sentences written at a sixth-grade reading level, the 644 careers whose briefs are available in the system. The index is preceded by a listing of the CIS career titles without annotation. Both lists give Dictionary of Occupational Titles (D.O.T.) numbers and Office of Education (O.E.) numbers. (Author/AJ)
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- 2024
4. BREAKING THE BARRIERS OF CULTURAL DISADVANTAGE AND CURRICULUM IMBALANCE.
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MCKENDALL, BENJAMIN W.
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THE POSITION TAKEN IS THAT THE CURRICULAR CHANGES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL TO PERMIT EDUCATIONALLY DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS (USUALLY NEGRO) TO ATTEND COLLEGE ARE ONLY PALLIATIVE BECAUSE MOST ADMISSION PROCEDURES ARE TOO INFLEXIBLE TO CONSIDER THE EFFECTS OF A DISADVANTAGED EDUCATION IN THE LOWER SCHOOLS ON A STUDENT'S SCHOLASTIC RECORD. ON THE OTHER HAND, SOME WELL-MEANING COLLEGES PRACTICE REVERSE DISCRIMINATION AND "INSTANT NEGRITUDE" (TOKENISM) AND ACCEPT DISADVANTAGED MINORITY GROUP STUDENTS WHO MAY NOT BE ABLE TO DO COLLEGE WORK. FOR THE DISADVANTAGED STUDENT THE PROBLEMS OF COLLEGE ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID ARE INSEPARABLE, AND THE MOST HELP IS NEEDED BY THE STUDENTS WITH MODEST ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS--THE MOST TALENTED USUALLY CAN GET AID. SEVERAL KINDS OF PROGRAMS TO UPGRADE THE STUDENT'S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, AND THUS INCREASE HIS OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLEGE, HAVE BEEN HELPFUL--LOCAL COMPENSATORY AND ENRICHMENT EFFORTS, EXCHANGE PLANS, AND TUTORING, AMONG OTHERS. MOST CHANGES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM BENEFIT THE ABLE STUDENT WHO COMES FROM A HIGH SCHOOL WHICH OFFERS ADVANCED ACADEMIC COURSES, BUT IT IS THIS KIND OF CURRICULUM REFORM THAT PRESENTS YET ANOTHER BARRIER FOR THE STUDENT FROM A DISADVANTAGED SCHOOL. THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED IN THE "PHI DELTA KAPPAN," VOLUME 47, NUMBER 7, MARCH 1965. (NH)
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- 2024
5. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN TEACHING WORLD HISTORY IN GERMAN.
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Sussex Joint (Common) School District 16, WI.
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IN SUSSEX, WISCONSIN, AN EXPERIMENT INVOLVING THREE GROUPS, ONE EXPERIMENTAL AND TWO CONTROL, WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE COORDINATE STUDY OF GERMAN AND WORLD HISTORY CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN THE MORE RAPID MASTERY OF GERMAN. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP DEVOTED ONE HOUR TO THE EXPERIMENTAL WORLD HISTORY COURSE TAUGHT IN GERMAN AND ANOTHER HOUR TO THE REGULAR GERMAN II COURSE. THE FIRST CONTROL GROUP WAS ENROLLED IN SECOND YEAR GERMAN AND SERVED AS THE CONTROL IN LANGUAGE COMPETENCY AGAINST WHICH THE ACHIEVEMENT IN GERMAN OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP WAS MEASURED. THE SECOND CONTROL GROUP PURSUED THE TRADITIONAL WORLD HISTORY COURSE AND SERVED AS THE CONTROL IN HISTORY. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP GAINED IN LANGUAGE COMPETENCY OVER THE FIRST CONTROL GROUP AND DID NOT MANIFEST ANY APPRECIABLE LOSS OF KNOWLEDGE OF HISTORICAL INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO THE SECOND CONTROL GROUP. INCLUDED ARE GRAPHS INDICATING THE COMPARATIVE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE THREE GROUPS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE EXPERIMENT, TABLES OF CONCLUSIVE DATA, AND A SAMPLE OF CLASS REACTIONS TO THE EXPERIMENT. (AUTHOR)
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- 2024
6. Effects of STEMEN Teaching Models on Mathematical Literacy and Mathematical Problem-Solving
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Sanit Srikoon, Chansit Khamput, and Ketsaraphan Punsrigate
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Purpose: Mathematical literacy and mathematical problem-solving are crucial abilities that link mathematics content to real life applications, facilitating both mathematics understanding and mathematical processes. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the STEMEN (STEM and educational neuroscience) teaching model in enhancing mathematical literacy and problem-solving skills. Methodology: This study adopted a pre-test and post-test control group design. Among 156 Grade 9 students from a secondary school in Phayao, Thailand, 70 were randomly selected. The STEMEN teaching model was implemented in the experimental group, while the 5E teaching model, typically used in a normal classroom was employed in the control group. Two types of tests, namely the mathematical literacy test and the mathematical problem-solving test, were used as research instruments. Pre and post-data were collected from both the experimental and control groups. Repeated measures ANOVA with Wilks' lambda was employed to analyze the mean comparison for mathematical literacy and mathematical problem-solving. Findings: The findings revealed that the mean scores for mathematical literacy and mathematical problem-solving were relatively higher in the STEMEN teaching model group compared to the 5E teaching model group. These results provide insights into the effectiveness of the STEMEN teaching model in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly mathematical literacy and problem-solving in mathematics. Significance: The results of this study showed that the STEMEN teaching model was effective in increasing learning outcomes, including mathematical literacy and problem-solving. These outcomes should enable teachers to design effective and efficient instructional strategies for enhancing mathematical literacy and problem-solving in classrooms.
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- 2024
7. Report on Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2023. NCES 2024-145/NCJ 309126
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National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (ED/IES), US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, American Institutes for Research (AIR), Véronique Irwin, Ke Wang, Jiashan Cui, and Alexandra Thompson
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This report provides the most recent national indicators on school crime and safety. The information presented in this report serves as a reference for policymakers and practitioners so that they can develop effective programs and policies aimed at violence and school crime prevention. Accurate information about the nature, extent, and scope of the problem being addressed is essential for developing effective programs and policies. The report is organized into five sections: elementary and secondary student and teacher victimization; school environment; fights and weapons; safety, security, and mental health practices; and postsecondary campus safety and security. Each section begins with a set of key findings. In this report, where available, data on victimization that occurred away from school are offered as a point of comparison for data on victimization that occurred at school. Indicators of crime and safety are compared across different population subgroups and over time. All data reflect the most current data available at the time the report was produced. Data throughout this report represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Findings described with comparative language (e.g., higher, lower, increase, and decrease) are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
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- 2024
8. Strategies to Support Rural-Based Schools in Teaching and Learning during COVID-19: The Case of the Maune Circuit in the Capricorn North District
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Masilo Lucas Mangena and Khashane Stephen Malatji
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With this study we investigated strategies to support rural-based schools in teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in 6 secondary schools in the Maune circuit, Capricorn North district of the Limpopo province, South Africa. A qualitative research approach using a case study research design was followed in the study. The population consisted of 42 school management teams (SMTs) and school governing bodies (SGBs) in the Maune circuit. Purposive sampling was used to select 18 participants. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The social realist theory was adopted as theoretical framework using the concepts of structure, culture and agency as theoretical lenses. We found that the Department of Basic Education did not train SMTs and SGBs, which affected teaching and learning. We concluded that due to the unavailability of ICT infrastructure within the Maune circuit, teaching and learning during strict lockdown (coronavirus disease [COVID-19]) were impossible and difficult when learners were rotating attendance. We recommend a shift from a blanket approach to school support to conducting an intensive needs analysis for each school in order to provide appropriate and relevant support. A social realist approach to school support is also recommended, where structure and culture are considered critical attributes for school development. It will be good for policy makers, role players and stakeholders to work together towards a common goal and carry out their agential role in ensuring that the needs of marginalised learners are met in schools.
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- 2024
9. Teachers' Opinions on Technology Leadership Roles of School Principals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Yucel Simsek, Tamer Sert, and Beyza Himmetoglu Dal
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The main purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of teachers about technology leadership roles of school principals during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study, which utilized qualitative research methods, was designed as a survey study. Sample group of the study constituted of 259 teachers. Data of the study was collected with "Elementary School Principals' Technology Leadership Role Scale" and analyzed via descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Mann Whitney-U test. According to the results, both elementary school teachers and subject matter teachers think that school principals successfully demonstrated the role of technology leadership roles during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the analyses conducted to determine whether teachers' opinions vary according to various variables, it was concluded that there are no differences in terms of the entire scale and its dimensions based on genders and seniority of teachers. In terms of the working domain, it was seen the opinions of elementary school teachers on vision dimension are higher than those of subject matter teachers. Based on the results, some recommendations which can contribute to both implementation and theory have been developed. Accordingly, conducing researches which employ multiple data collection methods and tools to investigate technology leadership roles of school principals is considered important.
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- 2024
10. Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Subjective Beliefs: A Comparative Analysis of General Education Schools and Commercial Schools
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Julia Riess, Bettina Greimel-Fuhrmann, and Gerhard Geissler
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This study examines the entrepreneurial intentions of Austrian secondary school students, specifically comparing students from commercial schools with those from general education schools. We analyzed 2,329 data sets and found that subjective beliefs, primarily behavioral and control beliefs, significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, demographic factors such as gender, language, acquaintance with entrepreneurs, and school type play a significant role in explaining the variance in entrepreneurial intentions. Our detailed analysis shows that students from commercial schools have stronger entrepreneurial intentions and subjective beliefs. Particularly notable are the differences in behavioral beliefs, where students from commercial schools find all aspects of entrepreneurship more attractive, especially job creation, taking calculated risks, and being one's own boss. The differences in control beliefs suggest that commercial school students also feel better prepared for entrepreneurial tasks, especially in identifying market opportunities, securing financial resources, and maintaining relationships. These findings are consistent with the business and entrepreneurial focus of commercial schools, suggesting that they are effectively nurturing the entrepreneurial potential of their students. In considering instructional improvements for commercial schools, whether they should further increase their focus on aspects where students from both types of schools show minimal or no significant differences.
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- 2024
11. Reporting Scale Scores at GCSE and A Level. Research Report
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Cambridge University Press & Assessment (United Kingdom), Tom Bramley, Carmen Vidal Rodeiro, and Frances Wilson
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Traditionally in England, exam results in General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs) (and before them O levels) and A levels have been reported as letter grades, with A (or A*) as the top grade, then B, C etc. The reforms gave the opportunity to revisit the arguments for different formats of reporting, and Cambridge Assessment contributed to the early debates with a short paper recommending the use of longer numerical scales (Bramley, 2013). The purpose of this study was to explore in more depth the arguments for and against different reporting scales.
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- 2024
12. Pandemic Impact and Recovery in Hawaii: A Descriptive Case Study
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National Center for the Improvement of Educational Assessment, Inc. (NCIEA), Damian Betebenner, and Jeri Thompson
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This study explores the effects of COVID-19 on academic growth and achievement in Hawaii schools, and strategies that school leaders used in the recovery from the pandemic. The calculations in this report can support states as they investigate the impact of COVID on students and schools and their recovery from the pandemic. The Center for Assessment examined COVID's impact on student test scores, with some schools experiencing high impact and others a far lower impact. The Center also studied rates of student learning, and characterized some schools as "high recovery" because students were on track to catch up to where they would have been had the pandemic not occurred. Other studied schools were categorized as "low recovery" because students were significantly off-track to catch up to where they would have been pre-COVID. Using a case study design, the authors interviewed school leaders at more than a dozen Hawaii schools to gain insight into programs, strategies and structures that influenced a school's degree of recovery. They did not find any correlation between those supports and whether schools later experienced high or low recovery. A fuller understanding of schools' recovery from COVID's impacts would require a deeper understanding of the relationships among leaders and staff, educators, students and the community, and the leadership qualities that supported high recovery where it occurred.
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- 2024
13. Developing a Method for Obtaining Pupil Insight for Building in Use Reviews
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Department for Education (DfE) (United Kingdom), Pamela Woolner, Ahmed Kharrufa, Denise Lengyel, Alison Whelan, and Katherine Clements
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This report details exploratory research undertaken by Newcastle University from November 2022 to May 2023. The aim of this exploratory project was to develop, trial and evaluate approaches to providing indications of how outdoor space is being perceived, used and valued by students in four schools -- to ascertain which approach (or approaches) may be best suited for use as part of Building in Use (BiU) reviews. The report details the three digital methods tested, as well as the enablers and barriers encountered while using them. The digital tools developed can be used individually to obtain limited data, but a combination of several methods is most and can be combined with information from the BiU site visit and staff survey in providing an overall BiU assessment. However, there are barriers to this including financial outlay, support from schools, and the time and effort required to create the data collection tools, even with the templates and prototypes that we detail in the report. We recommend initial discussions between the BiU technical adviser (TA) and school about tools, so that these can be chosen to fit with school procedures, especially relating to online access, and also fulfil particular needs of a specific BiU review. This would form part of a developed relationship between TA and school, beyond the existing one of schools accommodating data collection using pre-specified methods, which would also include feedback from the TA to the school.
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- 2024
14. Principles and Problems of Policy Implementation Reconsiderations for Effective Secondary School Administration
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Dorah Ataphia Akporehe, Osiobe Comfort, and Blessing Egoh
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Policy implementation has presented the Nigerian educational system with countless obstacles cum problems. This research explored the principles and problems of policy implementation reconsiderations for effective secondary school administration. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population was 286 principals. The study sample was 229 principals drawn through a simple random sampling, representing 80% of the population. An instrument, principles and problems of policy implementation for effective secondary school administration was utilized for data collection. Cronbach alpha established a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Mean and standard deviation were used for data collection, while a t-test was utilized to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The researchers found that the principles of policy implementation for effective secondary school administration are founded on ensuring a positive and clear policy statement, flexibility in the policy statement, fact-based policy statement, effectiveness in policy statement communication, openness to review, and properly documented in writing. It was recommended that school principals provide copies of the school policy to all the teachers. The principals should not be subjective in implementing policy for effective school administration. The implication of the study is that principals should adopt effective principles for policy implementation.
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- 2024
15. Striving for Relationship-Centered Schools: Insights from a Community-Based Transformation Campaign. Brief
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Learning Policy Institute, Laura E. Hernández, and Eddie Rivero
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While research indicates that relationship-centered environments support student learning and success, it has been difficult to redesign secondary schools based on the factory model in ways that center relationships, particularly at the secondary level. This brief to the full report focuses on efforts to advance relationship-centering schooling in high schools. It examines the Relationship Centered Schools (RCS) campaign, a youth-led effort supported by Californians for Justice (CFJ) and conducted in collaboration with educators and district leaders. The study focuses on two settings--the Long Beach Unified School District and Fresno's McLane High School--and the efforts of local actors to center relationship-building as a catalyst for change.
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- 2024
16. Academic Benchmarking and the Provision of Quality Secondary Education in Tanzania
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Haruni Machumu and Apolonia Agaptus
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The academic benchmarking process is broadly employed by private secondary education providers and educational stakeholders in Tanzania to examine the benefits and drawbacks of service delivery. The study explored the use of academic benchmarking in providing quality education in Tanzanian secondary schools. Employing a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 188 participants and subsequently analysed both descriptively and thematically. The study found that the academic benchmarking process plays a significant role in ensuring the provision of quality education through internal assessment, comparisons, and the adoption of best practices from benchmarked schools. Further, the findings reveal that six types of academic benchmarking are utilized in Tanzanian secondary schools. According to the study, proper academic benchmarking in secondary schools will improve educational results among secondary school graduates. Furthermore, academic benchmarking in secondary schools affects school rankings, which reflect a school's potential to do well at the end of national examinations. The study concludes that academic benchmarking enhances the provision of quality education by influencing future performance and commitments to work on secondary schools' goals, vision, and mission. Moreover, the study provides both theoretical and practical insight to the understanding of the necessity of academic benchmarking in secondary schools.
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- 2024
17. Differences in the Wishes of Students, Teachers, and Parents on Integration of Smartphones and Tablets in Biology Lessons
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Vida Lang and Andrej Šorgo
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Smartphones and tablets have permeated various aspects of life. This study explores the differences in wishes between students, parents, and teachers regarding the use of smartphones and tablets in biology classes in the upcoming school year. An online questionnaire was used for the study, which provided eight different scenarios for the use of smartphones for teaching purposes. The data were collected from 934 participants, including 465 students, 282 parents, and 188 biology teachers from various Slovenian lower secondary schools. The principal component analysis revealed the unidimensional structure of the instrument, explaining 59.7% of the variance (alpha = 0.91). The results showed that the use of smartphones and tablets for distance learning, teaching purposes, schoolwork and homework is generally desirable. There was less consensus on their use for laboratory and field work, evaluation of knowledge, and biology lessons. The main finding was that the differences between the groups were small or even negligible in terms of effect sizes. Statistically significant differences were found between the focus groups, with students and teachers expressing greater agreement than parents. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing parents' concerns and understanding the perspectives of stakeholders in order to effectively integrate smartphones and tablets into the classroom.
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- 2024
18. Sustainable Leadership Development Strategies of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Phanom
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Theeranan Motham, Waro Phengsawat, and Akkaluck Pheasa
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The objectives of this mixed-method study were to develop strategies for sustainable leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Phanom. There were 4 research methods: phase I) identify the components of sustainable leadership of school administrators by interviewing 5 experts and confirming factors by 5 experts, phase II) develop strategies for sustainable leadership in a focus group including 7 people, phase III) validate the appropriateness, feasibility and utility of sustainable leadership development by collected of data which comprised 84 school administrators using multi-stage random sampling, and phase IV) produce a user manual of strategies by 5 experts for validate the appropriateness of user manual. The findings were as follows: I) There were four main components in the sustainable leadership of school administrators, namely 1) depth 2) breadth 3) vision, and 4) media literacy. All of the components have appropriateness at the highest level and feasibility at the high. II) The strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators comprised a vision, 6 missions, 6 objectives, 7 strategies, 61 operational approaches, and 25 indicators. III) The appropriateness, feasibility, and utility of the strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators were at the highest level. IV) The user manual of the strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators obtained the overall appropriateness at the highest level.
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- 2024
19. Selective Comprehensives 2024: The Social Composition of Top Comprehensive Schools
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National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) (United Kingdom), Sarah Tang, and Neha Agarwal
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This research updates analysis from 2016 which examines the social composition of top performing comprehensives in England compared to all schools nationally. The aim of this research is to assess whether the top performing comprehensives are representative of their local areas in terms of the socio-economic background of their students. The 'top' comprehensives are defined by considering those schools ranking in the top 500 in terms of academic attainment at the end of Key Stage 4. The project used data from the National Pupil Database to estimate the school-level free school meal (FSM) rates of pupils in schools' entry cohorts (generally Year 7) and compare these to the FSM rates of the schools' catchment areas. The focus of the research was to explore whether the FSM rates of the 'top' 500 comprehensive schools (as measured by Progress 8 or Attainment 8) reflected that of their location.
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- 2024
20. The Role of Secondary School in Confronting Cyberterrorism in Saudi Arabia
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Wedyan Osama S. Al-Dawsary and Ahmed Mohammad Okleh Al-Zboon
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This research aimed to identify the role of the secondary school in confronting cyberterrorism in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research used the descriptive approach with a questionnaire to achieve the aim of this study. The questionnaire consisted of (37) statements which are distributed for four dimensions which are: the role of each teacher, the role of the school administration, the role of school courses and activities and the role of the school counselor in confronting cyberterrorism. The research revealed a great important role of the school in confronting cyberterrorism with a mean of (3.62) as it came after the role of school courses and activities which was followed by the role of the teacher, the role of the counselor, and the role of the school administration came last. In addition, the research recommended of developing the role of the school in confronting cyberterrorism by various thoughts, activities, and suggestions.
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- 2024
21. Student Teachers' Opportunities to Learn through Observation, Own Practice and Feedback on the Practice While in Field Practice Placements: A Graphical Model Approach
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Tine Nielsen
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Field practice placement is a crucial part of teacher education, as it affords a real-life context, where teacher and teacher-related skills can be enacted and trained. The present study examined the associations between student teacher opportunities to learn through observation, own practice and the receiving of feedback of said practice, while in field practice placements through a teacher education programme. Chain graph models were used to analyse data from 560 Danish student teachers who had just completed field practice at one of three levels. Results showed that opportunities to learn through observation of fellow students and other teachers was negatively associated with level of field practice, and thus was reported less and less the further along students were in the programme, while opportunities to learn through own practice was positively associated with level of field practice. Opportunities to learn through receiving feedback on own practice was associated with level of field practice only via opportunities to learn through own practice. Results did not reveal gender or age-wise inequity in the opportunities to learn afforded in the field practice. Teacher education programmes could benefit from placing additional focus on opportunities to learn through observation in the later field practice placements.
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- 2024
22. Secondary Principals' Perceptions and Practices for Implementing Student Suicide Prevention Programs
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Dawn M. Porter, Louis S. Nadelson, and Samantha H. Mullins
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We explored secondary school principals' knowledge of suicide prevention programs, their perceptions of the logistical and cultural barriers associated with suicide prevention program adoption, and their justification for adopting (or not adopting) suicide prevention programs in their schools. Principals, as positional leaders of schools, can lead the adoption and support of school-based suicide prevention programs for their students. Using a phenomenology framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews of eight secondary school principals working in public schools in the south-central United States. The principals readily identified the importance of supporting students' mental health to enhance their learning as a justification for implementing suicide prevention programs for their students. They shared how limited staffing, time, perception of school responsibility for student mental health, and lack of knowledge of available suicide prevention resources were logistical, cultural, and knowledge barriers to adopting suicide prevention programs for students. Our research has profound implications for practice.
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- 2024
23. The Enactment of Distributed Leadership in Secondary Schools in Aotearoa New Zealand
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Greg Sharland and Kate Thornton
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School leaders have a significant impact on student outcomes; however, there has been a shift from viewing school leadership as the actions of an individual, to seeing leadership as a collaborative endeavour, including in Aotearoa New Zealand. The traditional heroic model of leadership is making way for a new leadership paradigm which considers leadership as the actions of many rather than the few and promotes the construct of distributed leadership. This research study, using an interpretive qualitative design, focused on the experiences of secondary school principals in their attempts to distribute leadership. Moreover, the study aimed to connect principal's interpretations of distributed leadership with their practice of the construct. The findings highlight the challenges in defining and enacting distributed leadership. Nine recommendations for principals who are considering distributed leadership as a tool for effectively distributing leadership and improving student outcomes are presented. These are designed to provide principals with a starting point when considering distributed leadership and to stimulate further discussion on the topic.
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- 2024
24. Competencies of Secondary School Principals in Cameroon
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Mfochivé Badiane Arroun Arafat and Yamina Bouchamma
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We investigated the professional competencies, encompassing both knowledge and management practices, employed by secondary school leaders in Cameroon. A total of 73 principals from both public and private francophone-sector establishments participated in this study, providing responses to a comprehensive 38-item questionnaire. Employing exploratory factor analysis, we identified five distinct factors (competencies) associated with these principals. The findings reveal that, beyond the conventional competencies linked to their pedagogical responsibilities and the management of material and financial resources, school principals have also acquired and refined skills pertinent to the effective management of school communities and the promotion of diversity within their respective educational institutions.
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- 2024
25. The Study of the Components and Indicators of the Innovative Organizations of Secondary Schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission
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Chalermpol Supanyabutra and Suwat Julsuwan
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The objective of this study was to study the composition and indicators of innovative organizations of secondary schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission using research papers study principles and concepts. Then, data was collected, analyzed, and synthesized to obtain the composition and indicators of the innovative organization of secondary schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The tools used to collect data included document notes and assessment forms for the suitability of elements and indicators by confirming elements and indicators from 9 experts. Among the informants are notable people. Three expert groups' credentials are ascertained by Purposive Sampling: Group 1: Academic staff members in postsecondary education establishments who hold a Ph.D. in education, educational administration, or a related field and are assistant professors or higher. Group 2: Educational Administrators having a Ph.D. in Education and a minimum of five years' experience in the field. Group 3 consists of school administrators who have at least five years of experience managing schools and a doctorate in educational administration. The results of the study showed that 1) the innovative organizational composition of secondary schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission consisted of 5 components: (1) Vision and Strategy, (2) Organizational Structure, (3) Organizational Culture, (4) Human Resource Development and (5) organizational communication. 2) Elements and indicators of vision and strategy are most appropriate, 3) Elements and Indicators of organizational structure are most appropriate, 4) Elements and Indicators of Human Resource Development and 5) Elements and Indicators of corporate communication are most appropriate.
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- 2024
26. Apps for English Language Learning: A Systematic Review
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Fei V. Lim and Weimin Toh
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This article reports on a systematic review of research studies published from 2010 to 2021 on the use of apps for learning in the secondary English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. We extracted relevant information such as the studies' country/region, research design, sample size, students' age, apps' names to conduct a thematic analysis to associate the types of apps and their learning outcomes. The findings suggest that quiz apps support vocabulary acquisition, puzzle apps support vocabulary and grammar learning, platform apps support reading and writing development, augmented reality apps support increased engagement, and virtual reality apps support development of listening and speaking skills. The factors involved in the effective use of apps for learning in the English classroom include the use of quality apps to support the teacher's pedagogy, the profile and readiness of students to engage in digital learning, and the recognition that a classroom ecology is needed for effective integration of digital resources for teaching and learning.
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- 2024
27. Intersecting Identities and Adjustment to the Primary-Secondary School Transition: An Integrative Review
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Joanne Harris, Rebecca Nowland, and Megan Todd
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The primary-to-secondary school transition is a milestone for children because of the multiple changes they must navigate. Although most adjust successfully, approximately 30% of children have difficulties during this transition. Intersecting identities are also likely to influence how children navigate the adjustment of the school transfer, but there have been no syntheses of existing evidence relating to the impacts of intersectionality. We conducted an integrative review using eight databases (Education database, ERIC, ProQuest Education, PsychInfo, Scopus, SocIndex, Sociology Database, and Web of Science) and searched for quantitative or qualitative studies that examined how intersecting identities impact children's self-concept, mental health, and adjustment of the primary-to-secondary school transition. We initially identified a total of 3,193 studies through database searches, with 1,790 remaining after deduplication. After we screened the titles and abstracts, 83 studies were included for full-text screening, of which eight met the review criteria. The studies included in the review were published between 2000 and 2018; no studies were found after 2018. Syntheses of the included studies (three quantitative studies, four qualitative studies, and one mixed methods study) revealed three themes: (1) academic and social discord; (2) defining and constructing negative identities; and (3) the female body. Our findings from the review highlighted how children with minority intersecting identities are faced with additional challenges during the transition to secondary school and how these can have negative ramifications for their self-concept, mental health, and adjustment to the transition. Future research needs to be directed away from prioritizing identities, such as gender and ethnicity, to include intersectional identities.
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- 2024
28. The Scenarios of Educational Administration of Secondary Schools in Thailand during the Next Decade (A.D. 2022-2031)
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Pimlabhat Janlasee, Sakdinaporn Nuntee, and Sukhum Prommuangkun
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This research is the scenarios of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) by using EDFR research techniques, The research objectives were 1) To study the current conditions and problems of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand 2) To study the scenarios of educational administration of secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031). The research results can be summarized as follows: I) The current state and problems of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand overall practice is at a high level when considering each aspect, there are practices at a high level in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) Student affairs 4) Human resources 5) Administrative work 6) Finance and supplies 7) Building and environment services and 8) Community work and affiliate networks. As for the educational administration problems in Thai secondary schools, the overall practice is at a low level, when considering each aspect, there is a low level of practice in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) Student affairs, 4) Human resources, 5) Administrative work, 6) Finance and supplies, 7) Building and environment services, and 8) Community and affiliate networks. II) The scenarios of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) have 49 possible trends as follows: 1) Planning and Quality assurance 7 trends 2) Academic affairs 11 trends 3) Student affairs 8 trends 4) Human resources, 9 trends, 5) Administrative, 4 trends, 6) Finance and supplies, 5 trends, 7) Building and environment services, 3 trends, and 8) Community and affiliate network 2 trends.
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- 2024
29. Ethics as a Transformational Strength in Education: An Ethical Leadership Perspective
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Bipin Sherchan, Prateet Baskota, and Mohan Singh Saud
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Ethical intelligence is the strength of a transformational society. As a change agent, the school leader is expected to be a representative figure of ethical standards. Unfortunately, they are criticized for their unethical activities. Therefore, drawing on the concept of ethical leadership, this study aims to construct the meaning of ethics as they have lived with it, thereby exploring the transformational influences of ethical strengths. Adopting a narrative inquiry research design, lived narratives were generated from four principals of secondary level (Grades 9-12) selected purposively. The narrative data were analyzed and interpreted using Starratt's (2004) theoretical framework of ethical leadership of care, justice and critique. This study explored ethics as the mutual value of individual, institutional and social institutions. Human potentiality is the power of ethical intelligence that derives toward transformation. This finding shed light on the importance and execution of ethical abilities. It shares ethical knowledge, values and skills among individuals, schools and communities. It also portrays ethical sensitivities, which are the core foundation of a transformative society with rational personalities.
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- 2024
30. The Healthy Waters Science-Based Educational Intervention Programme: The Potential of Participatory Approaches for Developing and Promoting Students' Environmental Citizenship
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Joel Bruno da Silva, Diogo Silva, Marta Barbosa, and Mariana Rodrigues
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Purpose: This paper explores the potential of students' participation in the HW educational intervention programme based on participatory methodologies in promoting their environmental citizenship. Design/methodology/approach: Using a quasi-experimental design, 126 students were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups and filled out questionnaires before and after the HW intervention to evaluate environmental citizenship dimensions. Findings: The psychometric properties of a 16-item instrument to measure youth environmental citizenship were validated. After the HW intervention, the students' intervention group had a significant improvement in their sense of environmental efficacy. Research limitations/implications: The cross-sectional design of this study does not allow causal inferences to be made; further research should conduct longitudinal studies. Practical implications: Schools must promote educational experiences where students have opportunities for reflection and action in interaction in a climate of openness to dialogue and diversity with the involvement of different actors.
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- 2024
31. The Effect of Creating 3D Objects with Block Codes on Spatial and Computational Thinking Skills
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Mehmet Küçük, Tarik Talan, and Muhammet Demirbilek
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This study investigated the effects of 3D model building activities with block codes on students' spatial thinking and computational thinking skills. The study group consists of 5th grade students in a secondary school in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. For the study, a pretestposttest control group was utilized within the experimental design. A total of 66 students participated, 23 in the experimental group and 43 in the control group. While the activities prepared on the Tinkercad platform were applied in the experimental group, the courses were taught using the traditional teaching method in the control group. The study covers a period of three-weeks in the course information technologies and software. The study used the computational thinking levels scale and spatial thinking test scales as data collection instruments. The data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests. Based on the study findings, there were no significant differences observed in the levels of computational thinking skills levels and spatial thinking test scores between the experimental and control groups.
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- 2024
32. Navigating the Paradox of Excellence and Equity in School Leadership
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Babak Dadvand
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In this paper, I examine the tensions that a school principal experienced in reconciling performative priorities with equitable practices in a government secondary school in a low Socio-Economic Status suburb in Victoria, Australia. I use the notion of paradox to explore how the principal navigated contradictions and tensions. I aim to provide a more nuanced understanding of sense-making processes, agency, and capacity for action in the face of resource constraints, competing priorities and conflicting options in educational spaces. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's notions of 'striated spaces' and 'lines of flight', I discuss how the principal worked simultaneously within and against inadequate resourcing and performativity pressures to cater for the more complex needs of a group of marginalised students in his school. I highlight the tensions that arose from this work. These tensions remained mostly unresolved, setting in motion an ongoing cycle of compliance, compromise, contradictions, and contestation. The findings show the complex interactions between material realities, punitive modes of accountability, self-discipline, and subjectivity. I conclude by discussing the need for an equity-informed policy agenda driven by a positive mode of accountability to enable equitable practices in school leadership and management.
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- 2024
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33. Field Effects and Work-Based Learning: The Case of School-Work Alternance in Italy
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Gabriele Pinna and Marco Pitzalis
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This essay analyses the implementation of a work-based learning policy in upper secondary schools in Italy. The policy aims to improve student orientation and enhance their soft skills. Based on two ethnographic research studies in Italy, this essay utilises Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework, particularly the 'field' concept, to examine how this policy has been implemented in different tracks of the Italian school system in a peripheral region. The policy has challenged the autonomy of the scholastic field, primarily advocated by teachers and students in the dominant pole, represented by the classical and scientific lyceums. The policy has been translated into a series of projects in museums, libraries and third-sector associations in this field segment. These initiatives reinforce students' citizenship values while highlighting their detachment from manual work. In the dominated pole of the field, represented by vocational schools primarily located in the suburbs of large cities and rural areas, the policy has been well received as it aligns with the expectations of teachers and students. However, due to the prevalence of small family companies, planning truly formative work-based learning experiences becomes challenging. Consequently, this leads to an early, albeit tense, socialisation of students within the hierarchical order of small companies.
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- 2024
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34. School Middle Leaders' Transformational Leadership and Organizational Resilience: The Moderating Role of Academic Emphasis
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Ayala Zadok, Pascale Benoliel, and Chen Schechter
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This study examines how teachers' perceptions of academic emphasis moderate the relationship between their middle leaders' transformational leadership and organizational resilience subdimensions (principal organizational resilience and faculty organizational resilience). Academic emphasis in schools prioritizes academic excellence in teaching and is crucial in evaluating school effectiveness. The study used a two-source survey design with self-report data from 609 participants in 103 secondary schools in Israel. The results indicate that academic emphasis moderates the relationship between transformational leadership's sub-dimensions ("idealized influence," "inspirational motivation," "individualized consideration" and "intellectual stimulation") and principal organizational resilience but not faculty organizational resilience. The findings suggest that middle leaders can create a positive academic emphasis to optimize their transformational leadership's effects on organizational resilience. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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- 2024
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35. 'It's Like an Epidemic, We Don't Know What to Do': The Perceived Need for and Benefits of a Suicide Prevention Programme in UK Schools
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Emma Ashworth, Joniece Thompson, and Pooja Saini
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Background: Despite emerging evidence for the effectiveness of school-based suicide prevention programmes worldwide, there are few being implemented in the United Kingdom, and their social validity (i.e., the feasibility, acceptability, and utility) is not yet known. Aims: We aimed to conduct a scoping study to determine: (1) the social validity and potential benefits of school-based suicide prevention interventions, (2) the perceived need for such interventions, and (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation. Sample and Methods: A total of 46 participants took part. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mental health professionals (N = 8), school staff (N = 8), and parents whose children had experienced suicidal ideation/behaviours (N = 3) in England. Focus groups were also completed with children and young people (N = 27) aged 15-18 across three state secondary schools. Data were analysed using thematic framework analysis. Results: Three themes were identified: (1) the need for and importance of suicide prevention in children and young people, (2) schools as a setting for delivery, and (3) key components of suicide prevention programmes. Conclusions: Participants overwhelmingly agreed that there is a need for a greater and more consistent emphasis on school-based suicide prevention. School appears to be an acceptable location for suicide prevention, and participants felt discussions about suicide should begin at the start of secondary school. However, there are potential barriers that need to be considered, including tailoring for neurodiversity, challenging cultural/family beliefs and stigma, managing personal experiences of suicidal thoughts or previous bereavement from suicide, and a lack of existing training for school staff.
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- 2024
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36. Exploring 'Future Three' Curriculum Scenarios in Practice: Learning from the Geocapabilities Project
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T. Béneker, G. Bladh, and D. Lambert
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This paper has its origins in the EU Comenius funded GeoCapabilities project. From its outset, the project developed and researched the notion of powerful disciplinary knowledge (PDK) as an underlying principle of curriculum making in the context of secondary school geography teaching. The work, led from the UCL Institute of Education and involving school teachers, teacher educators and other stakeholders across eight mainly European jurisdictions, was framed by Young and Muller's 'three educational scenarios' (Young & Muller, "European Journal of Education," 45, 2010 and 11). The three futures heuristic is discussed as a means to distinguish qualities of curriculum thought. Future 3 scenarios, which posit teachers as curriculum makers with responsibility to engage in essential 'knowledge work', provide a principled platform on which to develop ambitious educational classroom encounters. Knowledge working with PDK and (as we go on to argue) other powerful ways of knowing the world, is seen as a bridge between social realist epistemological principles and practical classroom content selections. This opens the possibility of responding to Deng's ("Journal of Curriculum Studies," 54, 2022) call for developing practical theories of content with teachers. Although the authors are geographers in education drawing on different international perspectives and traditions, the paper addresses matters of interest applicable to a variety of specialist subject domains across the secondary school curriculum.
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- 2024
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37. Attending to Slow Violence: From Pride to Stand Out
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Leanne Higham
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Slow violence occurs gradually and out of sight, an attritional violence of delayed destruction not usually viewed as violence at all. Relative to more immediately perceived and recognisable forms of violence, the temporal, spatial, and sensational invisibility of slow violence can hinder efforts to act decisively towards it. Drawing on material from ethnographic research in an outer-suburban Melbourne secondary school, I examine how attending to affective dissonances experienced by students and staff led me to witness the school's first Pride Club meeting, the group's decline, and its transformation into Stand Out Club. This transformation lifts to view a move beyond the politics through which the group was initially conceived into an ethical response attentive to queer students' lives. Slow violence, conceptually, has much to offer, including the possibility for recognising and responding to slow violence with an ethics of nonviolence.
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- 2024
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38. 'Everyone Would Freak Out, Like They've Never Seen a Boy Before': Young People's Experiences of Single-Sex Secondary Schooling in NSW
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Susanne Gannon
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Although gender expansive views are increasingly evident amongst young people, segregation according to binary notions of gender underpins the organisational structures of single-sex secondary schools. While claims of educational benefits are common, particularly for girls, gender is difficult to disentangle from socioeconomic advantage and other factors. Evidence suggests that such schools contribute to homogenised and limiting notions of gender. While some schools are moving towards desegregation in response to parental demand, little is known from the perspectives of young people in non-elite schools who have experienced segregated schooling. This paper turns to the accounts of 14 recent school leavers in NSW to consider the underpinning logics of segregated schooling, including the imbrication and erasure of socioeconomic dis/advantage, cultural, social, and locational factors that complicate claims about segregated schooling. Affective intensities of single-sex schooling are traced through micronarratives that touch on relations with peers, teachers, school spaces and practices, learning experiences, and their implications for gendered subjectivities and gender justice. Their accounts suggest that student experiences of segregated schooling are ambivalent and do not support claims of educational advantage and that configurations of single-sex schooling may be anachronistic for these times.
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- 2024
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39. Access to Civics Content and Evidence-Based Instructional Approaches in U.S. Schools. AIR-NAEP Working Paper 2023-07
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American Institutes for Research (AIR), National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (ED/IES), Education Statistics Services Institute Network (ESSIN), Corey Savage, and Saki Ikoma
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Civic learning is an increasingly salient topic in research, policy, and practice. However, the recent empirical evidence on access to civic learning opportunities is limited. We build on prior research using survey items from the 2018 National Assessment of Educational Progress civics assessment and provide descriptive evidence on disparities in access to three categories of civics content and three evidence-based instructional approaches. We highlight inequalities in opportunities by student characteristics, school characteristics, and state characteristics among a national sample of more than 10,000 8th-grade students enrolled in a course with at least some civics focus (controlling for variation in the extent of civics focus). Our findings conflict with most of the prior evidence regarding disparities in access by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic background, favoring Black students, Hispanic students, and students of relatively lower socioeconomic backgrounds. This suggests a shift in recent years, potentially due to an increased focus on equity. English learners and students with disabilities also reported greater access than their counterparts. Other findings include inequalities across school types, school location (city students reporting greater opportunity than both rural and suburban students), census region, and state testing policy. Additional findings are presented, and implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.
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- 2023
40. Comparative Study of Administrators' Supervisory Skills and Teachers' Pedagogical Skills Towards Quality Education in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at Secondary Level
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Sabir Hussain, Masood Ahmad, Fakhar Ul Zaman, and Altaf Ahmad
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This research analyzed and compared administrators' supervisory and teachers' pedagogical skills concerning quality education in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at the secondary level, in line with the Vision of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4) by 2025 (Minimum Standards for Quality Education in Pakistan, 2016). The research employed a descriptive method and adopted a quantitative approach. For this study, 248 head teachers were selected from public schools and 126 from Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools via simple random sampling, making a total sample of 374 respondents. Data were collected using a five-response Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS, including mean, standard deviation, t-test, and f-test to assess the difference between administrators' supervisory and teachers' pedagogical skills towards quality education in both school types. The study concluded that administrators in public secondary schools exhibited better academic and professional qualifications and that both administrators' supervision and teachers' pedagogical skills were superior in public schools. Additionally, public schools were more aligned with the Minimum Quality Standards for Schooling to meet the vision of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4) by 2025 for quality education compared to Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools. It is recommended that the heads of Punjab Education Foundation-funded schools enhance their supervisory skills, while teachers should improve their pedagogical skills to align with the vision of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4) by 2025.
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- 2023
41. Guide to Ethical Practice in College Admission
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National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC)
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This guide is the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) commitment to principled conduct among professionals who support students in the college transition process from secondary school to postsecondary education and in the transfer process between postsecondary institutions. College counseling and admission professionals help students make thoughtful choices about their futures. Their work is guided by principles of honesty, integrity, transparency, equity, and respect for students and fellow professionals. It empowers them to build trust and find common ground while they work to ensure that every student's dignity, worth, and potential are realized in the transition to postsecondary education. While this guide is intended to state what NACAC members believe are the best, ethical practices for conducting the admission process, this guide can be applicable to all admission professionals.
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- 2023
42. Free to Improve? The Impact of Free School Attendance in England. Discussion Paper No. 1946
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London School of Economics and Political Science (United Kingdom), Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Marco Bertoni, Gabriel Heller-Sahlgren, and Olmo Silva
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We investigate the impact of attending a free school in England -- that is, a new start-up school that enjoys considerable autonomy while remaining in the state sector. We analyse the effects of two secondary free schools with different teaching philosophies: one follows a 'no excuse' paradigm, while the other one adopts a 'classical liberal', knowledge-rich approach. We establish causal effects exploiting admission lotteries and a distance-based regression discontinuity design. Both schools have a strong positive impact on student test scores on average. However, we also find heterogeneous effects: the 'no excuse' school mostly benefits boys, while the 'classical liberal' school mainly benefits White British and non-poor students. Both schools similarly reduce student absences and school mobility. Peer quality, teacher characteristics, and inspectorate ratings cannot fully explain the schools' effectiveness. Instead, a quantitative text analysis of the schools' 'vision and ethos' statements shows that the 'no excuse' and 'classical liberal' philosophies adopted by the two free schools clearly set them apart from the counterfactual schools where rejected applicants enrol, and likely explain their heterogeneous effects.
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- 2023
43. Beyond Test Scores: Broader Academic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on American Students. Report from a Consensus Panel
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Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Morgan Polikof, Isabel Clay, and Daniel Silver
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Recent state and national achievement exam results, as well as academic progress reports, have underscored how the COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures had a large, negative impact on students' reading and math development. While a great deal is known about the test-based academic impacts of the pandemic such as test scores that provide valuable evidence, there are a range of non-test measures like attendance, engagement in school, student retention, course failure rates, degree completion, and enrollment in subsequent levels of education that also yield important insights about students' educational well-being. These measures matter in their own right and in how they affect longer-term outcomes like employment, earnings, and adult well-being. This consensus panel report reviewed the best available evidence to understand how the pandemic affected non-tested academic areas, and it offers recommendations for shaping a policy response.
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- 2023
44. Developing Pre-Service Teachers' Assessment Literacy in the Practicum: An Action Research Study
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Mustafa Akin Güngör and Müzeyyen Nazli Güngör
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This paper reports on an action research (AR) study that pre-service teachers conducted to assess their students in practicum. Based on Xu and Brown's (2016) assessment literacy (TALIP) framework, we aim to empower them in a real classroom atmosphere. Data were collected systematically and came from interviews, pre-service teachers' own exams, observations, evaluations of students, and reflections. The qualitative analysis was used to identify the realities and constraints of the classroom, to plan alternative ways of assessment, to reveal the observation results, and to make sense of the reflections. Results showed that pre-service teachers gained an awareness of the gap between the EFL curriculum and the assessment practices in real classrooms, built self-confidence over their engagement with AR for preparing to assess, and developed a tacit understanding of assessment literacy through experience in real context. Suggestions are provided for assessment courses in pre-service teacher education, practicum practices, and future research.
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- 2023
45. Mapping School-Level Language Policies across Multilingual Secondary Schools in England: An Ecology of English, Modern Languages and Community Languages Policies
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Karen Forbes and Nicola Morea
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Language plays a crucial role in education; yet, while issues of language are undoubtedly relevant to all teachers, school-level language policies, which aim to provide explicit guidance underpinned by a clear set of principles, are too often conspicuous by their absence. In a range of educational contexts around the world it has been found that where such policies do exist, they are frequently fragmented and underpinned by monolingual ideologies that do not reflect the linguistic diversity of schools today. The aim of this study, therefore, is to map the provision of school-level policies from a representative sample of secondary schools in England (n = 998) and explore the extent to which they address (either implicitly or explicitly) the following dimensions of language: (a) English, both as the language of instruction and in relation to support for English as an additional language (EAL) learners; (b) modern languages in the curriculum; and (c) other home or community languages. Drawing on an ecologically informed approach, where these three dimensions of language are conceptualised as systems, analysis was conducted to identify areas of divergence and (potential for) intersection. Findings suggest that policies relating to languages, where they exist, are largely compartmentalised and tensions emerged between the various systems. However, we also note several promising points of intersection which indicate that there is scope for developing cohesive and holistic languages policies at a whole-school level.
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- 2024
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46. Interactions between Teachers and Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mainstream Secondary Education: Fundamental, yet Under-Researched
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Fernanda Esqueda Villegas, Steffie van der Steen, and Alexander Minnaert
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This study aimed to identify which aspects of teacher-student interactions contribute to a successful inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream secondary classrooms. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eight studies fulfilled our criteria, and we identified teacher-related and student-related themes. Most of the included studies did not focus on interactions between teachers and students with ASD, but on requirements that could influence these interactions. Teachers often seemed to infer the needs of students with ASD during their interactions, which, as we illustrate, may not always be in line with their actual needs. We discuss the implications of this gap in the literature and how to bridge this gap.
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- 2024
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47. Effects of Supplementary and Mainstream Education on the Secondary-Tertiary Transitional Challenges in English Medium Higher Education
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Alice Hoi Ying Yau, D. Fung, and A. Tsang
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Despite the rapid growth of English medium instruction (EMI) in higher education, little research has been conducted to pinpoint the challenges faced by students. This quantitative study explored the challenges posed by the secondary-tertiary transition to first-year students with different English proficiency levels in EMI higher education institutions. In addition, we also investigated students' perception of the usefulness of supplementary and mainstream education in preparing them for those challenges. 91 participants studying at two tertiary institutions in Hong Kong completed a 52-item questionnaire. The questionnaire included items in relation to three major aspects of challenges: 'academic studies and skills', 'socialization', and 'college/university life adaptation'. It was found that students with low proficiency regarded all three aspects as significantly more challenging than the high proficiency ones in their first-year studies. However, despite the different proficiency levels, students similarly perceived mainstream education to be significantly more useful than supplementary education in preparing them for those transitional challenges. The findings together suggest that more English support is needed for low-proficiency students at the tertiary level and argue that mainstream education plays an essential role in assisting students in this secondary-tertiary transition. Implications are discussed in terms of the benefits of having a general English course as perquisite for low English proficiency students before they enroll in English for Academic Purposes courses, and the development of a variety of tasks with more emphasis on communication and collaboration at the secondary level to support them in this transition.
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- 2024
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48. Exploring the Readiness of Youth Education Institutions with High-Risk Students to Implement a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Intervention: a Nationwide Observational Survey Study in Denmark
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Lena R. Østergaard, Christina P. Larsen, Lotus S. Bast, and Erik Christiansen
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Danish schools offering "preparatory basic education and training" (FGU schools) have students that are characterized by having different academic, social, or personal problems. In addition, many FGU students are at high risk of suicidal behavior. Many young people with suicide behavior do not seek help and early identification is important for suicide prevention. Teachers are in a position where it could be relevant to implement a gatekeeper intervention. To ensure successful implementation of an intervention, it is important to establish organizational readiness for change, including its innovation-specific capacity, which are the facilitating requirements in the organization specific to the intervention. We aimed to explore the innovation-specific capacity to implement a gatekeeper intervention at FGU schools in Denmark. This study is based on an online survey completed by teaching staff (n = 251) at FGU schools to explore their overall knowledge about and experience with students' suicidal behavior. Limited knowledge of suicide prevention was found among teaching staff. Most knowledge was from personal experience. There is a need for teaching staff to be educated about suicidal behavior. There is a lack of innovation-specific capacity to implement a gatekeeper intervention.
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- 2024
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49. Crossing Boundaries: Beginner Teachers Transitioning from University Graduates to Full Legitimate Participants in the Teaching Profession
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Ruben Abraham Stephen Daniels and Lucinda Du Plooy
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This paper stems from a broader study that foregrounded an existing mentoring programme against the backdrop of low teacher retention in the South African schooling system. It works from the premise that beginner teachers are exiting the teaching profession within the first three to five years of teaching. This research suggests that one way of addressing low teacher retention is through a formal mentoring programme that will assist in the transition from university graduates into school practitioners. Data was produced through semi-structured individual and group interviews with a principal, two mentors, and two mentees. Theoretically, we drew on the work of Lave & Wenger (1991) whose constructs of Community of Practice (CoP) and Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) were used as analytical tools to frame this study conceptually. The data revealed that beginner teachers come into the profession with marked inadequacies stemming from their initial training at universities which meant that they were insufficiently prepared for the realities of schooling. Furthermore, the data reveals multiple and overlapping CoPs in operation, pointing to viewing mentoring as multidimensional and not only in dyadic terms as a relationship between a mentor and mentee as it has traditionally been viewed.
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- 2024
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50. Reimagining English Schooling: Unlocking Potential through Community Partnerships
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Jo Bishop and Doug Martin
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The 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA) changed the direction of statutory education in England by introducing a culture of competition between schools. A market in education was created that placed school against school in neighbouring communities with the aim of the 'fittest' ones surviving while the weaker ones failed and closed. By the end of the 20th century, the epidemic of neoliberalism served to shift all of our public services through creation of these quasi-markets towards competition. While schools led the way, other essential services we rely on such as water, energy and transport fell foul of marketisation. We all became consumers ostensibly to improve efficiency and the quality of the final 'product'. Over recent years this approach has become discredited as transport and other services return to democratic control, whereas schools remain locked in a straitjacket of competition. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, schools become much more than a competitive education service, they rapidly transformed into an essential mainstay of our communities, indeed of our society. This article will utilise the learning from research across three diverse secondary schools that provided accounts of their experiences prior, through and post pandemic. We use an understanding of their experiences to help reshape English schooling and through this argue for a repositioning of school as an essential community resource that is well placed to respond to the growing needs of communities if it is given adequate resourcing, freedom from competition and a new cooperative environment to do so.
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- 2024
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