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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-19 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo FAPES Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Background Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with about 37,000 species of land plants. Part of this biodiversity is within protected areas. The development of online databases in the last years greatly improved the available biodiversity data. However, the existing databases do not provide information about the protected areas in which individual plant species occur. The lack of such information is a crucial gap for conservation actions. This study aimed to show how the information captured from online databases, cleaned by a protocol and verified by taxonomists allowed us to obtain a comprehensive list of the vascular plant species from the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, the first national park founded in Brazil. All existing records in the online database JABOT (15,100 vouchers) were downloaded, resulting in 11,783 vouchers identified at the species level. Overall, we documented 2,316 species belonging to 176 families and 837 genera of vascular plants in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Considering the whole vascular flora, 2,238 species are native and 78 are non-native. New information The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia houses 13% of the angiosperm and 37% of the fern species known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Amongst these species, 82 have been cited as threatened, following IUCN categories (CR, EN or VU), seven are data deficient (DD) and 15 have been classified as a conservation priority, because they are only known from a single specimen collected before 1969. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira De Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Brazil Univ Fed Rural Rio De Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Flowr Corp, Markham, ON, Canada Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio): 18/2017 CNPq: 18/2017 CNPq: CNPq 421276/2017-7 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: 18/2017 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: FAPES 34/2018 FAPES: 525/2018 FAPERJ: E-26/202.775/2018 FAPERJ: E-26/202.778/2018

Studies have identified the central region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as an area of high biodiversity and endemism. Strong anthropogenic pressure has made protected areas in Rio de Janeiro State important sites for biodiversity conservation as they contain many areas of extreme biological importance. We sought to document and qualitatively describe the arboreal species composition of the Tinguá Biological Reserve by examining the collection data of the herbaria at the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB) and the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (RBR). The survey identified 563 species belonging to 249 genera and 77 families, including 13 new occurrences for Rio de Janeiro State, 34 endemic species for the state, 17 vulnerable species, 15 endangered species, and one critically endangered species. Our results demonstrate the importance of this environmental protection area to the conservation of many plant populations and identified the region as harboring high tree diversity—thus reinforcing its role as an important forest remnant in a fragmented landscape within a threatened biome.

Psychotria is the largest Rubiaceae genus and one of the most abundant in the Atlantic Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro State. The present work aims to characterize and compare the wood of nine of these species. ThePsychotria wood were characterized by: slightly distinct growth rings; diffuse porosity; solitary vessels or on radial multiples of 2-6 or clusters of 3-5 vessel elements, with terminal and lateral simple perforation plates and vestured and alternate intervessel and vessel-ray pits; septate fiber-tracheids; and rare axial parenchyma. Although, the wood anatomy of thePsychotria may be considered homogeneous, the statistical analyses, based on qualitative and quantitative features, allowed the segregation of the species and indicated the importance of habit (arboreous or shrubby) on the wood anatomy of the species. It is worth mentioning that the sampling was realized in only one studied site (Ilha Grande), which contributed to the conclusion that the wood characteristics are more related to the specificities of each studied taxon than to with environmental variations.

Palicourea is a Neotropical genus of predominantly shrubs and subshrubs, represented by more than 700 species, with its greatest diversity in South and Central America. The present study aims to describe and compare the leaf anatomy and micromorphology of six species occurring in the Atlantic Forest to determine which characteristics are most useful for taxonomic study and which are more useful for ecological investigation. Plant material was collected at Atlantic Forest sites in southeast Brazil. Samples preparation followed standard techniques for light and scanning electron microscopy and histochemical tests. The general characteristics observed for genus were absence of domatia, presence of unicellular trichomes on the abaxial surface, hypostomatic leaf blade with paracytic stomata, uniseriate epidermis with papillae, presence of idioblasts, and dorsiventral mesophyll. The results allowed us to segregate species by leaf structure and infer the affinity relationship among the studied species. This study showed the importance of leaf anatomy as a diagnostic tool for the six species of Palicourea; emphasizing characteristics that indicate infrageneric groups.

Taxonomic and floristic studies in the state of Rio de Janeiro allowed the rediscovery of Miconia gigantea, an endemic species to the Atlantic Forest, until recently known only from the type specimen, collected over 100 years by A.F.M. Glaziou. We present an amended and detailed description of M. gigantea, providing characteristics of the flowers, fruits and seeds, in addition to illustrations, comments about taxonomic affinities with closely related species, the presently known distribution together with new occurrence records, and the conservation status. RESUMO Estudos taxonômicos e florísticos no estado do Rio de Janeiro permitiram a redescoberta de Miconia gigantea, uma espécie endêmica da Floresta Atlântica, até recentemente conhecida apenas pelo espécime tipo, coletado há mais de 100 anos por A.F.M. Glaziou. Apresentamos uma descrição emendada e detalhada de M. gigantea, fornecendo características das flores, frutos e sementes, além de ilustrações, comentários sobre afinidades taxonômicas com espécies estreitamente relacionadas, a distribuição atualmente conhecida juntamente com novos registros de ocorrência, e o estado de conservação.

The genus Psychotria comprises approximately 2,000 species that are mostly shrubs distributed in forests of the tropics and subtropics. Within the Rubiaceae, Psychotria is well known for its species that produce bioactive alkaloids and for its taxonomic complexity. The anatomical and micromorphological characters of the leaves of P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa, and P. vellosiana were investigated and described to understand the interspecific variation of these species, which will contribute to the systematics of the genus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) indicated four groups based on the presence or absence of some of the characters studied. Dorsiventral mesophyll, hypostomatic leaves, paracytic stomata, organization of the vascular system of the petiole and midrib in an arc and the presence of accessory bundles are common in the species examined and are typical characteristics of the Rubiaceae. The presence of styloid crystals and alkaloids are considered diagnostic characters of Psychotria. Other characteristics used to separate species in the genus are the petiole contour, cuticle ornamentation, and presence of trichomes. The results of the UPGMA cluster analyses indicated that there is similarity between Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) and Palicourea species.O gênero Psychotria compreende aproximadamente 2000 espécies, a maioria arbórea distribuídas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais. Dentro de Rubiaceae, o gênero é bem conhecido pelas espécies produtoras de alcalóides bioativos e taxonomia complexa. Os caracteres anatômicos e micromorfológicos de P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa e P. vellosiana foram investigados e descritos. A variação interespecífica foi avaliada, a fim de contribuir para a sistemática do gêwnero. A análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento através das médias não ponderadas de grupos pareados (UPGMA) indicaram quatro grupos baseados na presença e ausência de algumas características estudadas. Mesofilo dorsiventral, folhas hipostomáticas, estômatos paracíticos, organização do sistema vascular do pecíolo e da nervura principal em arco e presença de feixes acessórios são comuns nas espécies examinadas e são características típicas de Rubiaceae. A presença de cristais estilóides e de alcalóides é considerada característica diagnóstica destas espécies de Psychotria. Outras características usadas para a distinção das espécies o gênero são: o contorno do pecíolo, a ornamentação da cutícula e a presença de tricomas. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento (UPGMA) indicaram que há similaridade entre espécies de Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) e Palicourea.

Three genera and eleven species of Funariaceae are recognized for Brazil: Entosthodon Schwagr. (4 species), Funaria Hedw. (2 species), and Physcomitrium (Brid.) Brid. (5 species). Entosthodon ramulosus (Hampe) M.S.Dias & D.F.Peralta is a new combination, three lectotypes are indicated, and thirteen names are placed in synonymy: Funaria beyrichii Hampe with F. calvescens Schwagr., Funaria luteo-limbata Broth. and Entosthodon obtuso-apiculatus Mull.Hal. with Entosthodon ramulosus ; Physcomitrium flavum (Mull.Hal.) Broth. with Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.; Physcomitrium badium Broth. with P. umbonatum Mitt.; Physcomitrium lindmanii Broth. and P. convolutaceum Mull.Hal. with P. thieleanum Hampe; Physcomitrium acutifolium Broth., P. brevirostre Broth., P. serrulatum Mitt., P. cupulare Mull.Hal., P. platyphylloides Paris and P. sylvestre Mull.Hal. with P. subsphaericum Schimp. Six names are excluded from Brazil moss flora . Keys, diagnostic descriptions, and illustrations are presented for all recognized species.

RESUMO Uma nova espécie de Rubiaceae para a Floresta Atlântica do estado do Rio de Janeiro é descrita e ilustrada baseada em recentes coleções procedentes do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

• Background and Aims Colleters are secretory structures consisting of a parenchymatic middle axis surrounded by a layer of palisade-like epidermal cells. Colleters occur in a large number of rubiaceous species. Their function is to protect the developing shoot apex. They are also taxonomically useful in the Rubiaceae. This study characterized the structure of the colleters of Simira glaziovii, S. pikia and S. rubra and the biochemistry of secretions in S. glaziovii. • Methods Stipules of the shoot apices of the three species studied were collected at Barragem de Saracuruna, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The samples were fixed according to the usual methods for light and electron microscopy. Secretion stipules of S. glaziovii were washed with 0·1 m Tris–HCl plus 0·1 %Triton X-100 to extract proteins and carbohydrates. • Key Results Colleters in these species are located at the base of the stipule. Each species shows a different pattern of distribution. They form as emergentia from the stipules. Simira glaziovii was different from the other two species because it exhibited vascular traces. The epidermal cells of colleters have dense cytoplasm, nuclei, small vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and extraplasmic spaces if they are secretory. The outer cell wall of the mature colleters differs from the outer cell wall of stipule cells and immature colleters. Both carbohydrates and proteins were found in secretions from the stipules of S. glaziovii. • Conclusions Few ultrastructural differences were noted among the three species. These secretory structures not only protect the shoot apex, but also have taxonomic importance below the genus level.

We studied the annual radial growth of Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and its relationship to rainfall, temperature, photoperiod, flooding and phenology. This species showed cyclic annual growth. Growth was the greatest during the rainy season and flooding. Growth was associated with the presence of mature leaves on the trees. No increase in girth was observed during the dry season or during defoliation or flowering. The mean rate of radial growth was c. 6 mm/year. This flood-tolerant species maintained and increased radial growth during flooding.

The anatomical features of growth rings of 13 representative species of the swamp forests within the Atlantic rain forest of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, were studied. Most species showed distinct rings. The growth ring boundaries were marked by fibrous zones frequently associated with marginal parenchyma bands, and growth ring boundary features were characteristic of the particular families and genera analysed. Leaf fall can be related to the occurrence of growth rings in seven species, whereas in evergreen species growth rings can be related to flooding. In Euphorbiaceae species, flooding regime differences (periodical or permanent) are related to the shape and distribution of new cells produced by the cambium and, thus, growth ring structure.

Simira walteri Silva Neto & Callado (Rubiaceae, Simireae) is described and illustrated. It grows in the Atlantic Forest region in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to an altitude of 600 m. The new species resembles S. viridiflora (Allemao & Saldanha) Steyermark, which also occurs in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Simira walteri mainly differs in having elliptic leaves with apices acute to slightly acuminate, base acute, tufted pocket-domatia, and a single row of colleters on the internal stipule base.

The genus Psychotria comprises approximately 2,000 species that are mostly shrubs distributed in forests of the tropics and subtropics. Within the Rubiaceae, Psychotria is well known for its species that produce bioactive alkaloids and for its taxonomic complexity. The anatomical and micromorphological characters of the leaves of P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa, and P. vellosiana were investigated and described to understand the interspecific variation of these species, which will contribute to the systematics of the genus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) indicated four groups based on the presence or absence of some of the characters studied. Dorsiventral mesophyll, hypostomatic leaves, paracytic stomata, organization of the vascular system of the petiole and midrib in an arc and the presence of accessory bundles are common in the species examined and are typical characteristics of the Rubiaceae. The presence of styloid crystals and alkaloids are considered diagnostic characters of Psychotria. Other characteristics used to separate species in the genus are the petiole contour, cuticle ornamentation, and presence of trichomes. The results of the UPGMA cluster analyses indicated that there is similarity between Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) and Palicourea species. O gênero Psychotria compreende aproximadamente 2000 espécies, a maioria arbórea distribuídas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais. Dentro de Rubiaceae, o gênero é bem conhecido pelas espécies produtoras de alcalóides bioativos e taxonomia complexa. Os caracteres anatômicos e micromorfológicos de P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa e P. vellosiana foram investigados e descritos. A variação interespecífica foi avaliada, a fim de contribuir para a sistemática do gêwnero. A análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento através das médias não ponderadas de grupos pareados (UPGMA) indicaram quatro grupos baseados na presença e ausência de algumas características estudadas. Mesofilo dorsiventral, folhas hipostomáticas, estômatos paracíticos, organização do sistema vascular do pecíolo e da nervura principal em arco e presença de feixes acessórios são comuns nas espécies examinadas e são características típicas de Rubiaceae. A presença de cristais estilóides e de alcalóides é considerada característica diagnóstica destas espécies de Psychotria. Outras características usadas para a distinção das espécies o gênero são: o contorno do pecíolo, a ornamentação da cutícula e a presença de tricomas. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento (UPGMA) indicaram que há similaridade entre espécies de Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) e Palicourea.

Simira is a predominantly woody Neotropical genus comprising 41 taxa, 16 of which occur in Brazil and eight of them in the southeastern region of Brazil. Leaf blades of Simira eliezeriana Peixoto, S. glaziovii (K. Schum.) Steyerm., S. grazielae Peixoto, S. pikia (K. Schum.) Steyerm., S. rubra (Mart.) Steyerm., S. sampaioana (Standl.) Steyerm. were collected in the southeastern region of Brazil and fixed according to usual methods for light and electron microscopy. The leaf blades show typical characteristics of the Rubiaceae family as dorsiventral mesophyll and paracytic stomata. The presence of two bundle sheaths that extend to the upper epidermal layer, prismatic crystal and crystal-sand, alkaloids in the mesophyll and the organization micromorphological of the outer periclinal wall are considered characteristics representative for the genus. This study also demonstrates some leaf blade characteristics that can be used to Simira species identification (leaf surface, domatia types, epicuticular wax types and patterns of epidermis anticlinal cell walls).

RESUMO (Florística e estrutura de dossel em floresta sobre morrote mamelonar no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) Os remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana Atlântica, ocorrentes nos mamelões da baixada do Rio de Janeiro, carecem de estudos florísticos e estruturais. Inventariou-se 1 ha, empregando parcelas, adotando como critério de inclusão DAP ≥ 5 cm e, através de relações alométricas, estabeleceu-se como árvores de dossel aquelas com limites de DAPs e alturas superiores a 10 cm e 10 m, respectivamente. Foram amostrados 580 indivíduos, de 174 espécies e 45 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H´) foi de 4,57 nats/ind e a eqüabilidade (J) de 0,88, valores próximos aos encontrados para a Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana Atlântica no estado. Dentre as famílias com maiores riquezas, reunindo ca. 74% das espécies destacam-se: Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Monimiaceae, Clethraceae, Flacourtiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae e Myristicaceae. Destacam-se como espécies com maiores VIs: Senefeldera verticillata , Siparuna reginae, Mabea piriri, Casearia sylvestris, Clethra scabra, Tibouchina scrobiculata, Pseudopiptadenia inaequalis, Guapira opposita, Apuleia leiocarpa e Brosimum guianense. Caracterizam-se como espécies indicadoras de morrote: Apuleia leiocarpa, Eugenia macahensis, Simarouba amara e Pseudopiptadenia contorta.

Resumo Os remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana aluvial Atlântica, fortemente submetidos à fragmentação no RJ, carecem de estudos florísticos e estruturais. Inventariou-se 1 ha de floresta aluvial empregando parcelas, adotando como critério de inclusão DAP ≥ 5 cm e, através de relações alométricas, estabeleceu-se como dossel os limites de DAPs e alturas superiores a 10 cm e 10 m, respectivamente. Foram amostrados 486 indivíduos, de 97 espécies e 31 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H´) foi de 3,98 nats/ind e o de eqüabilidade (J) de 0,87, valores inferiores aqueles encontrados para trechos conservados de Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana ou montana no estado. Dentre as famílias com maiores riquezas, reunindo 73% das espécies, destacam-se: Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Bignoniaceae, Melastomataceae, Clusiaceae, Meliaceae e Sapotaceae. Destacam-se como espécies com maiores VIs: Eriotheca pentaphylla, Symphonia globulifera, Tabebuia umbellata, Xylopia brasiliensis, Calophyllum brasiliense, Euterpe edulis, Tabebuia cassinoides, Platymiscium floribundum e Guarea kunthiana. Caracterizam-se como espécies indicadoras para o trecho analisado de Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana aluvial: Eriotheca pentaphylla, Calophyllum brasiliense e Eugenia expansa. Apesar do grau de interferência antrópica, os resultados indicam elevadas riqueza e diversidade para a Floresta Ombrófila Densa submontana aluvial, de várzea ou paludosa, decorrentes da distribuição espacial heterogênea, resultante dos diferentes tipos de habitats estabelecidos, numa área de transição ecológica temporal.

RESUMO A anatomia do lenho das espécies Simira glaziovii (K. Schum.) Steyerm., S. pikia (K. Schum.) Steyerm. e S. rubra (Mart.) Steyerm. (Rubiaceae) é descrita no presente trabalho. Os caracteres anatômicos são discutidos em relação à taxonomia das espécies estudadas, tendo sido observadas como principais diferenças entre os táxons: a presença de células envolventes e o tipo de inclusões inorgânicas nos raios; a freqüência, o diâmetro e o comprimento dos elementos de vaso; a freqüência, a largura e o comprimento dos raios e o comprimento das fibras. A coloração que a madeira adquire após o corte pode ainda ser utilizada como importante subsídio na identificação das espécies.

The periodicity of growth ring formation was studied in Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC, Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandwith, Symphonia globulifera L., and Alchornea sidifolia Mull. Arg. in a swamp forest within the Atlantic Rain Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Mechanical wounds of the vascular cambium allowed cyclic growth to be observed, and the position of latewood relative to the wounds was analysed. Radial growth was correlated with phenology, temperature, precipitation, photoperiod, flooding regime, and endogenous rhythms. All species showed annual growth rings; however, there were different patterns of radial growth. Phenology was an important factor influencing the activity of the vascular cambium. The period of leaf abscission was correlated with the formation of latewood in three of the species studied, but it occurred at different times for each species. Flooding was a determinant of periodic growth in T. cassinoides; photoperiod was indirectly responsible for radial growth rhythm in T. umbellata, and endogenous rhythms accounted for the radial growth rhythm of S. globulifera and A. sidifolia.