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The article aims to provide an analysis based on the practical experience of social intervention in violence prevention with migrant minors arriving alone in Spain. In order to offer keys and recommendations, and based on situated knowledge, we provide insights on how to approach the intervention framework from a methodological point of view using liminal spaces as border and transition places that need to be named and taken into consideration for a transformative work. Different metaphorical borders, characterized by tension and potential change, are analyzed from a gender and intersectional perspective. We discuss the Law-border and the tension between protection they receive as minors and exclusion/politics of suspicion they receive as migrants. The Age-border (children/men) is discussed taking into account the different gender regimes they cross. The Color-border: here issues of racism and colonialism are considered. Finally, we discuss the Masculinity-border and the tension between reception and the reproduction of violence. We use the concept of liminal masculinities as a specific state or form that subordinate or marginalized masculinity adopts in migrant minors, suspended legally, functionally, and biographically, among others borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY BILE ACID: SODIUM SYMPORTER FAMILY PROTEIN 2 (BASS2) is localized within chloroplast membranes, facilitating the translocation of pyruvate and Na+ from the cytosol to the plastid, where pyruvate supports isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) synthesis via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in C3 plants. Nevertheless, the biological function of BASS2 in C4 plants has not been well defined. This study unveils a previously unidentified role of PvBASS2 in Na+ and pyruvate transport in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a halophytic C4 grass, indicating a specific cellular function within this plant species. Data showed that overexpression of PvBASS2 in seashore paspalum attenuated salt tolerance, whereas its RNAi lines exhibited enhanced salt resistance compared to wild‐type plants, suggesting a negative regulatory role of PvBASS2 in seashore paspalum salt tolerance. The constitutive overexpression of PvBASS2 was also found to reduce salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Further study revealed that PvBASS2 negatively regulates seashore paspalum salt tolerance, possibly due to elevated Na+/K+ ratio, disrupted chloroplast structure, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency following exposure to salinity. Importantly, our subsequent investigations revealed that modulation of PvBASS2 expression in seashore paspalum influenced carbon dioxide assimilation, intermediary metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and enzymatic activities under salinity treatment, which in turn led to alterations in free amino acid concentrations. Thus, this study reveals a role for BASS2 in the C4 plant seashore paspalum and enhances our comprehension of salt stress responses in C4 plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Salton Sea has experienced significant recession over the past two decades due to changes in the diversion of Colorado River water to the Salton Trough for agricultural irrigation. As a result, wetlands have emerged in some exposed playa areas along the Salton Sea, primarily in regions with extensive agricultural return flows and agricultural drainage. One notable wetland system, known as the Bombay Beach Wetlands, has formed on the north shore of the Salton Sea, in an area devoid of agriculture. In many other areas with limited or no agriculture, wetlands have failed to develop, leaving exposed playa surfaces as the Salton Sea recedes. These dry playa surfaces pose a significant threat to the health of local residents due to the presence of toxins contained in windblown dust associated with playa deposits. In this study, stable water isotope data, combined with other hydrological information, led to identification of two potential water sources for the Bombay Beach Wetlands. The first possibility proposes that thermal artesian waters alone contribute to the wetlands' water source, while the second hypothesis involves a combination of drainage from Salton Sea bank storage water mixing with the thermal artesian water. The thermal artesian water discharges into drainage channels that flow towards the Bombay Beach Wetlands, initially devoid of possible groundwater baseflow until reaching the wetlands. Studies were subsequently done along the full reach of the drainage channels receiving thermal artesian water. Dissolved solids content, P and N nutrients, arsenic, and stable water isotopes were tested synoptically along the drainage channels. Channel investigations led to the development of a novel model of salinization, which is linked to channel discharge, channel morphometrics, and channel incision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African mangrove forests are threatened by harvesting and climate change. Most bird species that occur in this habitat are either drawn from adjacent forests or woodlands or are marine and piscivorous species. Bird communities of East and southern African mangroves, along the coast from the northern shores of the Red Sea to the Mngazana Estuary in South Africa, are known mainly from a few vegetation studies. Mangrove bird communities in West and Central Africa are better studied, and are listed in this review, together with notes on habitat use within the mangroves. No African bird species are restricted to mangroves, but four species are strongly associated with mangroves in West and Central Africa. These mangrove forests also provide space for migrant warblers (of families Acrocephalidae, Phylloscopidae and Sylviidae), possibly because they lack similar-sized species that are resident in other African forest types. Although African mangroves appear to lack a distinctive avifauna, their possible values as foraging sites for resident coastal and forest birds and as refugia for migrating warblers remain to be documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface elevation table (SET) approach and two survey instruments, a digital level (DL) and a total station (TS), were used to evaluate elevation change at a 1-ha, micro-tidal, back-barrier salt marsh at Assateague Island National Seashore (Berlin, MD, USA) from 2016 to 2022. SET data were collected at 3 sampling stations along the perimeter of the plot, 36 pins per station, and the DL and TS data were collected adjacent to 36 stakes, four readings per stake, throughout the plot. The average elevation range of the marsh surface measurements at the SET stations was 2 cm, while the range was considerably greater within the larger 1-ha DL and TS sampling area (24 cm). The average elevation of the marsh surface only varied by 2 cm among the three methods. Elevation change trends of the three methods ranged from 2.8 to 3.5 mm year−1 and were not significantly different from each other. Despite differences in sample size and spatial distribution of measurements, these methods provided comparable measures of long-term trends in marsh surface elevation probably because the marsh at this site was structurally homogeneous with low topographic relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the phenomenon of the so-called royal tamga signs issued on stone stelae in the Bosporan Kingdom in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. Tamgas were symbols commonly used by Eurasian nomads throughout the first millennium BCE. The appearance of tamgas in the northern shores of the Black Sea in the 2nd/1st BCE, followed by their adoption into the Greek epigraphic culture of the kingdom, represents an intriguing example of symbolic integration and another step in the formation of Bosporan culture. Research on cultural interactions between the inhabitants of the Bosporus has rarely focused on epigraphic material in its own right. Analyzing a small group of public stone slabs that feature tamgas, this article contributes to existing studies on numerous private funerary reliefs. Furthermore, the current work aims to incorporate several examples of stelae with royal tamga signs into the growing interest in syncretism, which is occurring in other epigraphic cultures of the Greco-Roman world. The case of the Bosporan Kingdom shows that such processes can also occur in places where no literate culture had previously been firmly established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents the first historical study of the port site of Genoa Fortress located on the coast of the city of Annaba (عنابة) in Algeria. In it, we sought to highlight this coastal maritime cultural heritage and introduce it by showcasing its role, commercial activity, and the events that the port experienced during various historical periods, along with the sequence and origin of its name over these periods. We also provided a brief historical overview of the city of Annaba (عنابة). Additionally, we explored its relationship with ports on other shores of the Mediterranean Sea, particularly Genoa in Italy, by extracting ideal Genoese maritime routes between Genoa and Annaba (عنابة), utilizing various new methodologies. Therefore, our main objective in this study was to highlight new and significant historical aspects of the Algerian city of Annaba (عنابة), especially during the Middle Ages, through the intensive application of various methodologies, including Google Earth Pro 2023 and geographic information systems. This aimed to provide a comprehensive and clear understanding of how sailors, in general, and Genoese sailors, in particular, selected ideal maritime routes during ancient and medieval historical periods (The maritime route between the port of Genoa in Annaba (عنابة) and the port of Genoa in Genoa as a case study.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding species from an ecological and phylogenetic perspective facilitates an understanding of their conservation status in relation to the changing world. The frog genus Pelophylax is among the largest in terms of amphibian biomass in the Palearctic, but species have not been thoroughly studied at the Asian continental scale. The phylogeographic relationship, behavioural ecology, and ecological requirements within the genus need clarification, despite generally good local coverage. Here, for the first time, we conducted a literature review focused on phylogeography and behavioural ecology, supported by ecological niche modelling of twelve Asian Pelophylax lineages. Finally, we compiled the known threats for each of the lineages. We first determined the presence of twelve species and species-candidate lineages. In terms of behavioural ecology, the main difference among lineages is the time to metamorphosis and the time to reach sexual maturity. The ecological models highlighted a match between the known presence of each clade and their suitable habitat and highlighted the Syr Darya drainage on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea for the non-described Pelophylax "Syr Darya lineage". Finally, we highlighted the greatest variation among lineages in terms of threats, as some lineages are threatened by numerous factors, whereas others are expanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal development did not arise from sovereign property rights to the coast or efforts to fix moving shorelines in law. Instead, it emerged from ideas of the public good and public trust that vested the protection of shores and seas in modern states. State protection supported coastal development, especially ports, in the era of steamship technology. By examining case studies from seventeenth-century to late nineteenth-century coastal India, this essay illustrates how the idea of state protection emerged through legal disputes over the obligations of littoral societies, international law, customary practices, definitions of navigable waters, accretion, and the status of subterranean or derelict land. The resultant terraqueous framework was legally plural. Nevertheless, it strengthened state claims over coastal areas and facilitated coastal development by circumscribing the boundaries of littoral societies' claims that have traditionally relied on fishing or livelihoods tied to these waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Cryptopygus Willem, 1901 associated with hermit crabs living on seashores of Quintana Roo State, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is blind, with 9–11 postlabial setae, unguis with a pair of lateral teeth, empodial appendix lanceolate and almost as long as unguis, tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth and 3–4 setae on corpus, manubrium with 11–14 pairs of manubrial setae on anterior surface and 17–18 pairs on posterior surface, and mucro bidentate. An updated key for the identification of 29 American species of Cryptopygus complex is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book review discusses "Destined to Fail": Carl Seashore's World of Eugenics, Psychology, Education, and Music by Julia Eklund Koza. The reviewer examines the history of eugenics and its impact on music education, particularly through the use of Seashore tests of musical ability. The book criticizes the narrow definition of musical ability based on Western classical traditions and calls for a more inclusive approach to music education. The University of Michigan Press has published a book titled "Education, and Music" by Koza, which explores the challenges and failures of the education system and may be of interest to researchers in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Proximity to the seashore is a critical structuring factor of coastal wetlands due to its influence on varying sources of nutrients (marine and terrestrial) and on the spatial gradient of salinity (higher salinity closer to the seashore). The spatial gradient of salinity may impact organisms because most organisms need to maintain an osmotic balance. Osmoregulation is energetically costly, and exposure to salinity should induce a trade‐off in energetic allocation between osmoregulation and other competing functions such as growth rates and movement patterns. In this study, we used a capture–mark–recapture design during 3 consecutive years to investigate how distance to the sea influences growth rates and foraging movements (outside reproduction) in the western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), a typical coastal amphibian, in three populations from the French Atlantic coast. Growth rates were lower in larger individuals and in individuals living closer to the seashore. Distances travelled between captures were very limited (~20 m). Between years, these distances were larger for individuals located on the beach rather than inland, but were not influenced by body size or sex. Exposure to salinity and associated costs of osmoregulation may explain lower growth rates closer to the shoreline. The mechanisms underlying the effects of location on distances between captures remain to be identified, but may be related to foraging for abundant prey items on the wrack line. Our study confirms the remarkable terrestrial site fidelity in P. cultripes, which might be detrimental to coastal populations if localized perturbations affect coastal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archeological sites of ancient people have been identified on the Karelian coast of the White Sea, near the mouth of the Keret River. The aim of our studies was to determine the position of the sea shoreline, correlate archeological sites with it, date ancient settlements, and reconstruct the paleoclimatic conditions and habitats of ancient people. We analyzed the bottom sediments of five small lakes that became separated from the sea at various times during the Holocene, using a combination of Quaternary geological methods such as spore-pollen, diatoms, radiocarbon (14C), etc. New data have been obtained regarding the timing when the study area resurfaced and the possibility of its subsequent habitation by humans. We have generated q curve illustrating the relative displacement of the White Sea coastline, thus reconstructing the migration of the sea coastline. The article also presents parameters detailing the differentiated movements of various blocks of the crystalline basement along the Karelian coast of the White Sea. Additionally, we produced paleogeographic reconstructions describing the natural conditions of the habitat of ancient people and the development of the territory from the beginning of the Holocene to the present day. Our findings indicate that people likely began inhabiting this area no earlier than 6500 years ago. Furthermore, we propose that a potential catastrophic event, such as a tsunami)= resulting from an earthquake near Veliky Island and the Velikaya Salma Strait (Kandalaksha Bay), occurred no earlier than 2600–3000 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance seashore paspalum grass growth and quality, bed (28 × 40 cm) experiment was done at Horticulture Department roof of Zagazig University, Egypt during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons. The main factors of this experiment were, firstly bio-fertilizers type (control, nitrobein, phosphorein and nitrobein + phosphorein), secondly nano-micronutrients named Magro NanoMix (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g/l) beside their interaction treatments. The experimental design was split-plot design which had 16 treatments in three replicates. The results pointed out that fertilization seashore paspalum with 0.5 g/m² of nitrobein + 0.5 g/m² of phosphorein significantly enhanced plant height, herb fresh and dry weight per area, roots fresh and dry weights per area, covering density (%) and total chlorophyll content (mg/100 g as fresh weight) compared to the other bio- fertilizer types. Nano-micronutrients fertilizer at any tested concentration significantly increased growth traits and leaf greening compared to control. The highest values of all above mentioned traits were obtained by fertilization with 1000 ppm of nano-micronutrients. Generally, to enhance growth of seashore paspalum grasses and increase covering density and their greening it is recommended to fertilize plants with nitrobein + phosphorein each at 0.5 g/ m² and spraying them with nanomicronutrients at 1000 ppm three times during winter season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial mats and microbialites are essential tools for reconstructing early life and its environments. To better understand microbial trace element cycling, a microbial mat was collected from the sinkhole systems of the western shores of the Dead Sea, a dynamic environment exhibiting diverse extreme environments. Intense arsenic enrichment was measured (up to 6.5 million times higher than current concentrations in water, and 400 times the bulk concentration in the mat). Arsenic was found predominantly as As(V) in organic molecules, as shown by XANES spectra and high‐resolution elemental mapping. Arsenic cycling genes obtained from metagenomic analysis were associated with arsenic detoxification, supporting an active mechanism of As(V) uptake, As(III) efflux and organoarsenic accumulation in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the mat. Thus, we propose that such localized As enrichment can be attributed to a transient increase in As(V) concentrations in the circulating subsurface water of the Dead Sea shore and its subsequent incorporation into organoarsenic molecules through microbial detoxification processes. Our data set supports the possibility of metalloid enrichment recorded in very localized facies due to rapid geogenic fluctuations in the chemistry of the water flowing over a biofilm. In this context, this example calls for caution in interpreting metal(loid) enrichment in organic matter‐rich layers and microbialites of Paleoproterozoic origin. Arsenic signatures in Precambrian organic matter and carbonate rocks may host biosignatures, including evidence for extracellular polymeric substances, As‐binding and detoxification processes, without supporting arsenotrophy. However, they provide clues to better assess the paleoenvironmental conditions at the time of microbial mat formation. Plain Language Summary: Microbial mats and microbialites are like time machines helping us learn about ancient life and its environments. We collected a microbial mat from the unique Dead Sea's sinkholes, where life thrives in extreme conditions. In this mat, we found for the first time in this area a staggering 6.5 million‐fold increase in arsenic, an element toxic to life. By closely studying the genes and chemistry of this microbial mat, we discovered that microbes were striving to clean up this excess arsenic in a sort of natural detoxification process. It seems that a temporary spike in arsenic levels in the Dead Sea water triggered this clean‐up work, which eventually stored the arsenic safely in the mat away from the microbial cells. Our findings suggest that in the past, when microbial mats were one of the only ecosystems on Earth, changes in the water flowing over mats like this one could have caused similar accumulations of metals. Therefore, when scientists study ancient fossilized microbial layers, these discoveries can help us look into the past and understand the chemical and biological conditions under which these ancient microbial mats formed. Key Points: Intense arsenic enrichment is detected for the first time around the Dead SeaArsenic is accumulated in the organic matter of a microbial mat as methylated organoarsenicThe enrichment results from microbial detoxification and may be fossilized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential target of academics and the industrial sector is the innovation of an industrial ecology approach. Worldwide, cigarette butts (CBs) comprise the most predominant form of litter that spreads into the ecosystem and inland. In the meantime, oil is spilled into marine life from various activities and transportation. The result is a complex oil–water composition in a high concentration that causes severe hazards to the environment and to aquatic life. In this regard, the current investigation focuses on obtaining hydrophobic cellulose acetate from CBs for use as a filter media. The filter is applied in marine oil spill separation as a win–win industrial ecology technique. Initially, the separated CB residuals were prepared by successive washing. Subsequently, the obtained cellulose acetate fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the new CB-based filters were used in the separation/adsorption of marine oil wastewater spill. Subsequently, a group of experiments were conducted. The results showed that the cleanup efficiency could be up to 99% in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Moreover, the products were recovered by washing with hot water for further use, which showed high removal activity that reached 95% after successive uses. In comparison to commercial oil sorption materials, the results were promising as the RP-C18 cartridge revealed a maximum oil removal of 90%. Such preliminary data on a cellulose acetate filter scheme are a good indicator in the development of an oil spill facility, being a suitable candidate for controlling oil wastewater effluent streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1960s, agricultural development in the irrigated areas of Uzbekistan resulted in a 90% decrease of the Aral Sea area, while the water salinity increased from 1 to 20%. The goal of the present work was to investigate the diversity of microbial communities of the water and sediments of the Western Aral Sea, as well as of the adjacent soils and basins, using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA genes. It was found that Aral Sea water with a salinity of 22% was inhabited by uncultured Archaea of the family Haloferacaceae (22‒43%), as well as by bacteria of the genera Spiribacter and Psychroflexus. In the Aral Sea sediments, the share of archaea was much lower (2‒17%), and among them uncultured Woesearchaeales predominated. Predominant bacteria of Aral sediments were sulfate reducers of the phylum Desulfobacterota, as well as members of the genera Fusibacter, Halanaerobium, Guyparkeria, Marinobacter, Idiomarina, and Thiomicrospira. In soil samples of the former Aral Sea bed with salinity of 8.2%, a variety of archaea of the phylum Halobacterota were present, as well as uncultured bacteria of the family Nitrosococcaceae. However, in the rhizosphere of Ewresmann's teresken plant (Kraschennininikovia ewresmanniana) growing there, archaea accounted for only 4% and mainly belonged to the family Nitrososphearaceae. In the rhizosphere microbiome, 33% of all prokaryotes were uncultured members of the phylum Actinomycetota. The microbial community of the teresken rhizosphere turned out to be similar to the soil microbial communities of the Ustyurt plateau located 3 km from the Aral Sea shore. The fresh water flowing along the former Aral Sea bed from an artificially drilled well also caused significant changes in the microbial communities: cyanobacterial mats and associated organotrophic bacteria developed along the stream bed with the increasing salinity (0.25‒2%). Finally, the greatest prokaryotic diversity was found in the microbial community of the Lake Sudochye sediment with salinity of 1%, which is probably a modern analog of the Aral Sea microbiome before its shallowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis may infect humans and dogs worldwide, no study to date has assessed and compared owners and their dogs between island and mainland seashore areas. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, the study herein has applied serological tests, including Microplate Agglutination Test with 2-Mercaptoethanol, immunochromatographic assay, and Rose Bengal Test, and a Brucella genus-specific PCR assay to 195 owners and their 148 dogs living on 1 mainland seashore area and three nearby oceanic islands of southern Brazil. Results: No seropositivity to B. abortus and B. suis was detected in owner or dog sera. Anti-B. canis seropositivity was observed in 3/148 (2.0%) dogs, but no owner sample was seropositive to B. canis. In addition, all blood samples from both owners and dogs were negative on Brucella genus-specific PCR assay. Conclusions: The seropositive dogs were not related and lived on the seashore mainland area of Guaraqueçaba city. The absence of seropositivity on the islands and the low seropositivity on the seashore mainland could be attributed to geographic isolation, and suggest the low impact of the disease in the region. Despite being a zoonotic disease, brucellosis by B. canis is not included in the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis, and its diagnosis and notification are not mandatory. The presence of seropositive dogs highlights the risk to human health and the importance of epidemiological surveillance actions in the region, as well as the need for the implantation of preventive measures to avoid the transmission of the pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central objective of this article is to recognize and limit some generalities regarding port operations along the brazilian coast during the 19th century. Keeping the local, regional and natural/ historical specificities of each port, we weave some points of contact between the big national ports beyond the commercial and cultural exchange networks. In this work, we seek to trace common characteristics of brazilian ports in the tension between permanence and change, reproduction and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adota elongata sp. nov. is described on the Korean coast. Adults of the new species were collected under stones on the seashore and are similar to those of Adota koreana Lee & Ahn, 2013. Morphological comparison for these two species is presented. The validity of the new species was also supported on both parsimony and maximum likelihood trees using partial COI and 28S gene sequences. A description and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Correspondencias & Analisis is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The retreat of the Dead Sea and the lowering of the base level in recent decades have led to the exposure of the littoral clay sediments on the shore, the occurrence of exposed mudflats and the development of ground subsidence along strips ('subsidence strips') and clustered sinkholes. Based on field observations and laboratory analyses, the present study characterizes the clayey sediments in the environment of the exposed mudflats on the western Dead Sea shore. The clayey sediments of the exposed mudflats ('mudflat sediments') consist of fine-grained laminated calcareous clays. The mineral composition of the bulk mudflat sediments consists of clay and carbonate minerals (calcite, aragonite and dolomite) with some quartz and feldspar, and frequently gypsum and halite. The clay mineral composition of these samples is smectitic illite–smectite and kaolinite with some discrete illite and palygorskite. The smectitic illite–smectite is randomly interstratified (1.7 nm illite–smectite type R = 0). Although the detrital smectitic illite–smectite in the mudflat sediments is situated in the saline environment of the Dead Sea shore, no significant illitization is observed in the depositional detrital clay. Subsidence strips with clustered sinkholes were formed in the exposed mudflats as part of the adjustment of the Dead Sea periphery to the lowering of the base level as a result of the retreat. The field observations in the studied area reveal that the subsiding of mudflat sediments in the formation of the subsidence strips usually involves mud sagging of wet clayey sediments in the subsurface and sediment collapse of dry clayey sediments near the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geoheritage sites are important resources due to the diverse ways in which they can be utilized. There are small, low-ranked geosites that have attracted significant attention from the lay public. This study reports on one such geosite from the Hosta area of the Western Caucasus. Field observations allowed us to make judgments related to its geoheritage properties and establish the factors for its successful touristic exploitation. This geosite represents a furrow in the Upper Cretaceous limestones in the area, which inherited the former weak zone or minor fault and grew due to landslides. The degree of uniqueness of this geosite is low; it is curvilinear in space; it boasts perfect accessibility, including from a nearby resort, and its landscape context is scenic. The Labyrinth geosite is located in a yew–boxwood grove in the natural reserve, and it is visited by crowds of tourists. Three direct factors in its exploitation success are proposed as follows: story (popular explanation of the geosite's origin), route (inclusion into a popular touristic route through the grove), and cultural appeal (analogy to man-made labyrinths). Applying these factors to another geoheritage-rich area of the Western Caucasus implied that some of them may not be meaningful according to objective reasons, but that there are other important factors such as geoproduct (particularly geofood) selling. It is also noted that the small size and relatively low value of geosites do not necessarily limit their geotouristic potential. Overall, this case study suggests that "selling" geosites successfully requires advanced, innovative solutions and significant creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intertidal mussel stands are common on temperate rocky seashores and host many small invertebrates, so they are important biodiversity reservoirs. Their integrity, however, is being increasingly affected by environmental extremes. An unusual cold snap in Nova Scotia (Canada) in February 2023 was followed by the mass disappearance of mussel stands at mid-to-high elevations in rocky intertidal habitats. The present article presents evidence of significant losses at middle intertidal elevations following the passage of cyclone Lee in September 2023, which created severe surf conditions. The increasing occurrence of successive environmental extremes might challenge the persistence of these important biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a decade, the French mission 'Archaeology of the Arabian Seashores' has been exploring the evolution of the Omani coastline, from hunter–gatherers to the rise of complex societies during the crucial passages from the culmination of the Pleistocene to the Early Bronze Age, passing through the Neolithic. The team extensively surveyed the land spreading from the eastern head of Arabia, Ra's al‐Hadd and Ra's al‐Jinz, to the last villages of Dhofar, including Masirah Island and the Hallaniyyat archipelago, covering 1000 km. Most Final Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age sites were tested or excavated. A multidisciplinary approach that involves the joint work of archaeologists and geologists was chosen to include the contribution of environmental factors to modifying the equilibriums between the natural environment and human communities through the study of climatic and eustatic fluctuations. The project provided a substantive perspective on the evolution of maritime communities between 10,000 and 2000 bce. Moreover, an interdisciplinary and multiscalar approach for describing and analysing the change in the material culture of this region made it possible to transcend the traditional typology and examine the role of human communities' interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On November 12, 2019, an exceptional flood event took place in Venice, second only to the one that occurred on November 4, 1966. The sea level reached a peak value of 1.89 m above the local datum determining the flooding of almost 90% of the pedestrian surface of the historical city. Several processes concurred to raise the water level in Venice and the northern Adriatic Sea on November 12, 2019. Among these, a fast‐moving mesoscale cyclone travelled at about 12 m ·$$ \cdotp $$ s−1$$ {}^{-1} $$ in the northwestward direction over the northern Adriatic Sea, raising the sea levels at the shore in front of the Lagoon of Venice. High‐resolution numerical simulations indicated that atmosphere–ocean resonance occurred on November 12, 2019, generating a meteotsunami‐like wave that contributed significantly to the extreme sea level in Venice. The relative contributions of the wind and air pressure to the peak sea level were also estimated. Additional numerical experiments were performed to prove the occurrence of Proudman resonance and to determine a transfer function of such high‐frequency sea‐level perturbations for the Lagoon of Venice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and managers of parks and protected areas often employ normative theory or a normative approach when attempting to understand and manage visitor use and related impacts. Normative theory and associated approaches use indicators, thresholds, and evaluative dimensions to estimate visitor opinion about desired resource or experiential conditions. However, visitors' desired conditions are often difficult to study longitudinally. Researchers used Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS) and its visitors to investigate the stability of crowding thresholds by comparing 2011 and 2018 visitor survey results. Daily maximum visitation levels remained constant between 2011 and 2018 as did visitors' preferred conditions. However, the use levels that may lead to potential displacement and visitors' acceptance of higher use both increased, suggesting visitors may expect conditions to remain the same but be increasingly tolerant of more visitors at specific attraction sites. Potential implications and further research related to normative theory and norm stability are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sparse leaf patch of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) caused by Microdochium paspali seriously impacts the landscape value of turf and poses a challenge to the maintenance and management of golf courses. Little is known about the genome of M. paspali or the potential genes underlying pathogenicity. In this study, we present a high-quality genome assembly of M. paspali with 14 contigs using the Nanopore and Illumina platform. The M. paspali genome is roughly 37.32 Mb in size and contains 10,365 putative protein-coding genes. These encompass a total of 3,830 pathogen-host interactions (PHI) genes, 481 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) coding genes, 105 effectors, and 50 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SMGCs) predicted to be associated with pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis suggests M. paspali has 672 species-specific genes (SSGs) compared to two previously sequenced non-pathogenic Microdochium species, including 24 species-specific gene clusters (SSGCs). Comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal that 739 PHIs, 198 CAZymes, 40 effectors, 21 SMGCs, 213 SSGs, and 4 SSGCs were significantly up-regulated during the process of infection. In conclusion, the study enriches the genomic resources of Microdochium species and provides a valuable resource to characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of M. paspali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of thermal continentality is increasingly important as most land regions register a greater warming compared to oceans and the global average. This case study of thermal continentality in Romania looks into four specific indices, with temperature data series covering the interval from 1961 to 2018: the simple continentality index, the Currey continentality quotient, the Ewert index of continentality, and the Ivanov index of thermal continentality. Included in the analysis are the indices' spatial distribution (based on data from 40 meteorological stations), variability, and evolution trends. All applied indices underscore the continental character of the climate, particularly in southern Romania (western and eastern sectors of the Romanian Plain), oceanic features emerging only at altitudes higher than 1500 m. The number of years classified as strongly/extremely continental is double in the south compared to the other low areas of Romania, with more than 65% of these years recorded since 1990. From 1961 to 2018, continentality displayed an upward trend within most of the country. Downward trends appear only in Transylvania and the northern extra-Carpathian regions. According to the Mann-Kendall test, most of the increasing trends, as well as all of the decreasing trends, are not statistically significant. However, the shores of the Black Sea, some locations in the western half of the Romanian Plain (along the Danube River), and the northern part of the Eastern Carpathians registered a statistically significant upward trend for all applied indices, this situation being mainly induced by a greater temperature increase in summer compared to winter. Thus, this might be interpreted as a signal towards a gradually enhancing thermal continentality with different ecosystemic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic status of two gram-negative, whitish-pigmented motile bacteria KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 isolated from a sandy sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore was defined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 represent a distinct lineage within the family Rhizobiaceae, sharing 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity and 99.5% average nucleotide identity (ANI) to each other. The strains showed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarities of 97.4% to Sinorhizobium garamanticum LMG 24692T, 96.9% to Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388T, and 96.8% to Pararhizobium giardinii NBRC 107135T. The ANI values between strain KMM 9576T and Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388T, Sinorhizobium fredii USDA 205T, Pararhizobium giardinii NBRC 107135T, and Rhizobium leguminosarum NBRC 14778T were 79.9%, 79.6%, 79.4%, and 79.2%, respectively. The highest core-proteome average amino acid identity (cpAAI) values of 82.1% and 83.1% were estimated between strain KMM 9576T and Rhizobium leguminosarum NBRC 14778T and 'Rhizobium album' NS-104, respectively. The DNA GC contents were calculated from a genome sequence to be 61.5% (KMM 9576T) and 61.4% (KMM 9553). Both strains contained the major ubiquinone Q-10 and C18:1ω7c as the dominant fatty acid followed by 11-methyl C18:1ω7c and C19:0 cyclo, and polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, and phenotypic characterization, strains KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 are concluded to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Fererhizobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is strain KMM 9576T (=NRIC 0957T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the special legal nature of the Croatian seashore as a common good and the challenges of its commercial use. It was Roman law that first recognized the seashore as a thing that was res communes omnium – common property of all men under natural law. Roman jurist Marcian defined it as all air, running water, sea, and the seashore as far as the high-water mark. In Croatia, based on this Roman doctrine, the seashore is considered a maritime domain, the welfare of which is of interest to and under special protection of the state. Although maritime domain should not be presumed as a subject of ownership or commerce (extra commercium), due to numerous legal exemptions, its common good-character has become a point of contention.Contemporary legal solutions in Croatia (especially the Act on Ownership and Other Real Rights (Zakon o vlasništvu i drugim stvarnim pravima), the Maritime Domain and Seaports Act (Zakon o pomorskom dobru i morskim lukama), and the Concessions Act (Zakon o koncesijama)) grant exclusive rights to commercial exploitation of the maritime domain for up to 99 years, as well as provide for pledging or transferring of concession. In doing so, this paper reasons, the Croatian legal system has to a certain extent alienated the legal nature of the maritime domain and de facto created a new ‘quasi-real right’ on the common good.

The results of the comprehensive study (diatom and pollen and spore analysis, and 14С-dating) of Holocene bottom sediments from a lake on the shore of Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, at the Keret' River mouth, are reported. Three stages in the evolution of the lake basin: marine, transitional, and lacustrine, were recognized. Diatom complexes, typical of each facies, were described. Pollen, spores and non-pollen palynomorphs were shown to indicate marine, transitional, and freshwater sedimentation conditions. Sea level was found to decrease 7200 cal. y.a. A marine sedimentation environment was succeeded by a lacustrine environment ca.6700 cal. y.a. The position of the sea shoreline in the study area at that time was determined. Data obtained by pollen and spore analysis were used for relative dating of postglacial strata. Vegetation, evolving from the end of the Early Holocene to the present, was reconstructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organo-mineral and organo-metal associations play an important role in the retention and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between calcium (Ca) and SOC content in a range of soil types. However, most of these studies have focused on soils that contain calcium carbonate (pH > 6). To assess the importance of Ca-SOC associations in lower pH soils, we investigated their physical and chemical interaction in the grassland soils of Point Reyes National Seashore (CA, USA) at a range of spatial scales. Multivariate analyses of our bulk soil characterisation dataset showed a strong correlation between exchangeable Ca (CaExch; 5–8.3 c.molc kg−1) and SOC (0.6–4%) content. Additionally, linear combination fitting (LCF) of bulk Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra revealed that Ca was predominantly associated with organic carbon across all samples. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM C/Ca NEXAFS) showed that Ca had a strong spatial correlation with C at the microscale. The STXM C NEXAFS K-edge spectra indicated that SOC had a higher abundance of aromatic/olefinic and phenolic C functional groups when associated with Ca, relative to C associated with Fe. In regions of high Ca-C association, the STXM C NEXAFS spectra were similar to the spectrum from lignin, with moderate changes in peak intensities and positions that are consistent with oxidative C transformation. Through this association, Ca thus seems to be preferentially associated with plant-like organic matter that has undergone some oxidative transformation, at depth in acidic grassland soils of California. Our study highlights the importance of Ca-SOC complexation in acidic grassland soils and provides a conceptual model of its contribution to SOC preservation, a research area that has previously been unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to review an object of study: the restaurants of Playas Las Glorias, a tourist place located in the northwest of Mexico, in Guasave Sinaloa. To this end, a literature review on local economic development, skills training and tourism was carried out. The mixed design of the research allowed the collection of data through surveys and interviews with key informants and were processed through the R software. The data was collected from the total number of restaurants that exist in the said seashore. The results show the need to have better tools for the administration of the production units to continue attracting local, national and international tourism, coupled with the fact that it was evidenced that they impact the local economic development due to employment and wages generated for the population that lives close to this beautiful beach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on two recurring cinematic spaces of water: the sea and shore and the furo (Japanese bathroom) in the films of the contemporary Japanese auteur Kore-eda Hirokazu. To develop a somatechnical perspective to address the dynamics between water, bodies and technologies, I deploy the notion of 'the domestication of water' (Macauley 2005), denoting the process of how humans make a constant effort to maintain water in a state between liquidity and stillness. This lived interaction between humans and water can illuminate the leitmotif of kinship through the two cinematic spaces. In so doing, I firstly focus on the final shots of the sea and shore from Maborosi (1995) and Our Little Sister (2015). The mise-en-scène of the sea and the shore can create a vision of stillness on the surface but also a sense of liquidity underneath, illustrating that kinship is an ongoing process which can never be shaped but is constantly being re-shaped. Following the flow of water, I then observe the space of the furo in Still Walking (2008) and Like Father, Like Son (2013). By examining two bath routines, co-bathing with children and bathing-in-turn, I argue that the water in furo is by no means in a still state but rather is always circulating between different bodies. The circulation can not only help nurture the parent-child intimacy through co-bathing, but it also enables a theatrical stage on which to convey conflicts of kinship via bathing-in-turn. In conclusion, by further linking the representation of water and kinship in Kore-eda's cinema, I propose the idea of liquid kinship: a lived process of making rather than a static state of being. The domestication of water between stillness and liquidity epitomises this liquid form of kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporary roads are often placed in mountainous regions for logging purposes but then never decommissioned and removed. These abandoned forest roads often have unwanted environmental consequences. They can lead to altered hydrological regimes, excess erosion, and mass wasting events. These events can affect sediment budgets in streams, with negative consequences for anadromous fish populations. Maps of these roads are frequently non-existent; therefore, methods need to be created to identify and locate these roads for decommissioning. Abandoned logging roads in the Point Reyes National Seashore in California, an area partially under heavy forest canopy, were mapped using object-based image processing in concert with machine learning. High-resolution Q1 LiDAR point clouds from 2019 were used to create a bare earth model of the region, from which a slope model was derived. This slope model was then subjected to segmentation algorithms to identify and isolate regions of differing slopes. Regions of differing slopes were then used in a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a maximum likelihood classifier was used to delineate the historic road network. The accuracy assessment was conducted using historic aerial photos of the state of the region post-logging, along with ground surveys to verify the presence of logging roads in areas of question. This method was successfully able to identify road networks with a precision of 0.991 and an accuracy of 0.992. It was also found that the CNN was able to identify areas of highest disturbance to the slope gradient. This methodology is a valuable tool for decision makers who need to identify areas of high disturbance in order to mitigate adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the occurrence and characteristics of low‐level jets (LLJs) up to 200 m above sea level in the North Sea area, specifically in the southernmost part of the basin, at the entrance of the English Channel. Using a short‐range Doppler lidar installed in Dunkerque Port, on the northern coast of France, wind profiles were recorded for 4 years and analyzed statistically. LLJs were detected on more than 11,000 of the 10‐min average wind profiles (5% of time), with similar jet core height and core speed distributions as in other sites in the southern North Sea area, and a similar annual cycle. However, there were differences in the core directions and the daily cycle, with afternoon northeastly jets being the most frequent in Dunkerque, whereas southwesterly nocturnal jets were dominant in the other North Sea sites. This suggests that wind channeling in the Dover Strait is likely a major factor for LLJ formation in Dunkerque region. The study also examined the conditions of LLJ occurrence using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis v5 and ultrasonic anemometer data, but the different types of LLJs sharing the same core direction and occurrence conditions made it difficult to quantify specific jet formation mechanisms. This is the first experimental study on the North Sea shore, and at the entrance of the English Channel, providing valuable insights into the LLJ behavior in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization is a growing issue that limits agriculture globally. Understanding the mechanism underlying salt tolerance in halophytic grasses can provide new insights into engineering plant salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is a halophytic turfgrass and genomic model system for salt tolerance research in cereals and other grasses. However, the salt tolerance mechanism of this grass largely unknown. To explore the correlation between Na+ accumulation and salt tolerance in different tissues, we utilized two P. vaginatum accessions that exhibit contrasting tolerance to salinity. To accomplish this, we employed various analytical techniques including ICP-MS-based ion analysis, lipidomic profiling analysis, enzyme assays, and integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Under high salinity, salt-tolerant P. vaginatum plants exhibited better growth and Na+ uptake compared to salt-sensitive plants. Salt-tolerant plants accumulated heightened Na+ accumulation in their roots, leading to increased production of root-sourced H2O2, which in turn activated the antioxidant systems. In salt-tolerant plants, metabolome profiling revealed tissue-specific metabolic changes, with increased amino acids, phenolic acids, and polyols in roots, and increased amino acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids in leaves. High salinity induced lipidome adaptation in roots, enhancing lipid metabolism in salt-tolerant plants. Moreover, through integrated analysis, the importance of amino acid metabolism in conferring salt tolerance was highlighted. This study significantly enhances our current understanding of salt-tolerant mechanisms in halophyte grass, thereby offering valuable insights for breeding and genetically engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total mass of individual synthetic polymers present as microplastic (MP < 2 mm) pollutants in the sediments of interconnected aquatic environments was determined adopting the Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) procedure. The investigated area includes a coastal lakebed (Massaciuccoli), a coastal seabed (Serchio River estuarine), and a sandy beach (Lecciona), all within a natural park area in Tuscany (Italy). Polyolefins, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the polyamides poly(caprolactame) (Nylon 6) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (Nylon 6,6) were fractionated and quantified through a sequence of selective solvent extractions followed by either analytical pyrolysis or reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the products of hydrolytic depolymerizations under acidic and alkaline conditions. The highest concentrations of polyolefins (highly degraded, up to 864 µg/kg of dry sediment) and PS (up to 1138 µg/kg) MPs were found in the beach dune sector, where larger plastic debris are not removed by the cyclic swash action and are thus prone to further aging and fragmentation. Surprisingly, low concentrations of less degraded polyolefins (around 30 µg/kg) were found throughout the transect zones of the beach. Positive correlation was found between polar polymers (PVC, PC) and phthalates, most likely absorbed from polluted environments. PET and nylons above their respective LOQ values were found in the lakebed and estuarine seabed hot spots. The pollution levels suggest a significant contribution from riverine and canalized surface waters collecting urban (treated) wastewaters and waters from Serchio River and the much larger Arno River aquifers, characterized by a high anthropogenic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iran experienced increasing droughts in recent years. Since droughts have devastating effects on the economy and irreparable impacts on the environment, knowing the factors affecting droughts can effectively help their early warning and loss reduction. The present study used Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) and large-scale atmospheric indices (ENSO, IOD) to examine how various factors affected drought (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, VPD, NDVI) in eight regions of Iran from 1981 to 2020. Results revealed that the northwest and southeast of Iran experienced longer duration and more severe droughts in the last 40 years. There is an increase in annual total precipitation and average daily temperature in all regions of Iran. The vegetation cover has changed slightly; however, its density has increased on the Caspian Sea shores due to increased rainfall. Correlation analysis revealed ENSO as Iran's primary driver of droughts, while the IOD affects sc-PDSI only in the central plateau. Besides, the ENSO significantly affects the vegetation changes in Iran. General trends in precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, VPD, NDVI, and sc-PDSI indicate northwest Iran as most prone to drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave Energy is a type of renewable energy that uses the power of waves to generate electricity, and it is the largest estimated global resource form of ocean energy. This study deals with various techniques of wave power and focuses on the present scenario in the world and its potentiality in Bangladesh. The analysis of parameters of wave height, wavelength, and wave period; indicates the bright prospects of wave power in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be one of the most toxic metals, causing serious harm to plants' growth and humans' health. Therefore, it is necessary to study simple, practical, and environmentally friendly methods to reduce its toxicity. Until now, people have applied zinc sulfate to improve the Cd tolerance of plants. However, related studies have mainly focused on physiological and biochemical aspects, with a lack of in-depth molecular mechanism research. In this study, we sprayed high (40 mM) and low (2.5 mM) concentrations of zinc sulfate on seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) plants under 0.5 mM Cd stress. Transcriptome sequencing and physiological indicators were used to reveal the mechanism of Cd tolerance. Compared with the control treatment, we found that zinc sulfate decreased the content of Cd2+ by 57.03–73.39%, and that the transfer coefficient of Cd decreased by 58.91–75.25% in different parts of plants. In addition, our results indicate that the antioxidant capacity of plants was improved, with marked increases in the glutathione content and the activity levels of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and other enzymes. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in both the 0.5 Zn and 40 Zn treatments were mainly genes encoding GST. This study suggests that genes encoding GST in the glutathione pathway may play an important role in regulating the Cd tolerance of seashore paspalum. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical reference for the regulation mechanism caused by zinc sulfate spraying to improve plants' Cd tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image segmentation of sea-land remote sensing images is of great importance for downstream applications including shoreline extraction, the monitoring of near-shore marine environment, and near-shore target recognition. To mitigate large number of parameters and improve the segmentation accuracy, we propose a new Squeeze-Depth-Wise UNet (SDW-UNet) deep learning model for sea-land remote sensing image segmentation. The proposed SDW-UNet model leverages the squeeze-excitation and depth-wise separable convolution to construct new convolution modules, which enhance the model capacity in combining multiple channels and reduces the model parameters. We further explore the effect of position-encoded information in NLP (Natural Language Processing) domain on sea-land segmentation task. We have conducted extensive experiments to compare the proposed network with the mainstream segmentation network in terms of accuracy, the number of parameters and the time cost for prediction. The test results on remote sensing data sets of Guam, Okinawa, Taiwan, San Diego, and Diego Garcia demonstrate the effectiveness of SDW-UNet in recognizing different types of sea-land areas with a smaller number of parameters, reduces prediction time cost and improves performance over other mainstream segmentation models. We also show that the position encoding can further improve the accuracy of model segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]